Publications

[factors affecting decision making with regard to the vaccination of humans against rabies].		1986	3809543
binding of rabies virus to purified torpedo acetylcholine receptor.	the binding of 125i- and 35s-labeled rabies virus (cvs strain) to affinity-purified acetylcholine receptor from torpedo electric organ was demonstrated. the binding of rabies virus to the acetylcholine receptor increased with increasing receptor concentration, was dependent on the ph of the incubation medium, and was saturable with increasing virus concentration. binding of radioactively labeled virus was effectively competed by unlabeled homologous virus particles. binding of 35s-labeled rabies ...	1986	3828757
the early kinetics of the neutralizing antibody response after booster immunizations with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	persons immunized in developing countries were recently shown to have low titers after pre-exposure immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). an investigation into the response to hdcv boosters was conducted to determine if immunologic sensitization had occurred and if there was a response difference in persons immunized in and outside of the united states. intramuscular (im) booster doses of vaccine were administered to 113 persons previously immunized outside the united state ...	1986	3706630
an effective economical intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccination for post-exposure treatment.	a closely-spaced multisite intradermal regimen of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) was evaluated in 39 patients after low-risk exposure to rabies, in comparison to full-dose intramuscular hdcv and sheep brain-derived rabies (semple) vaccine. the regimen consisted of four intradermal injections, 0.1 ml each of hdcv on days 0, 3 and 7, followed by two booster doses of only 0.1 ml each on days 28 and 91 administered intradermally. although the total amount of hdcv used in this intradermal r ...	1986	3708902
[serologic studies of rabies vaccination in dogs in switzerland].		1986	3715447
immune responses of mice to inactivated rabies vaccine administered orally: potentiation by quillaja saponin.	administered orally, quillaja saponin markedly potentiated the humoral immune responses of mice fed inactivated rabies vaccine, and significantly increased their resistance to subsequent intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. although mean serum neutralizing antibody titres were generally 8- to 16-fold higher when vaccine was given intraperitoneally, orally administered vaccine, with saponin, stimulated production of high protective antibody levels that were maintained for at least 6 mo ...	1986	3719460
[specific antibodies and selected immunologic indicators in persons vaccinated under short-program rabies vaccination].		1986	3719643
rabies in insectivorous bats of western canada, 1979 to 1983.	a total of 1,745, 362, and 536 bats collected in alberta, british columbia, and saskatchewan, respectively, was tested for rabies virus between 1979 and 1983. only one (0.1%) of 769 bats collected at random from buildings was infected with rabies virus in contrast to 95 (5%) of 1,874 symptomatic, rabies-suspect bats submitted for testing. the pattern of infection in the rabies-suspect bats was similar in alberta and saskatchewan, but differed in british columbia. rabies was diagnosed in four spe ...	1986	3735577
oral vaccination of the fox against rabies using a live recombinant vaccinia virus.	rabies, a viral disease affecting all warm-blooded animals, is prevalent in most parts of the world, where it propagates amongst wild animals, particularly the fox and dog. the public health and economic consequences of infection in man and livestock are well known. attempts to control the disease by vaccinating wild carnivores with inactivated or attenuated rabies virus remain controversial, and we have instead evaluated here the potential of a recombinant vaccinia virus to protect foxes agains ...	1986	3736663
[fatal rabies virus infection in humans].		1986	3743444
survey of raccoon hunters for rabies antibody titers: pilot study.		1986	3746238
pleomorphism of fine structure of rabies virus in human and experimental brain.	identification of the negri bodies in the brain of an 8-year-old boy who died 8 days after a paralytic illness and 20 days after a dog bite, and who had received 9 injections of semple's anti-rabies vaccine, provided evidence that he died of acute rabies encephalitis and not of post-vaccinal allergic encephalomyelitis. the negri bodies in the human subject and those seen in the inoculated mouse differed in their morphological structure: the former consisted of a matrix of very fine granular mate ...	1986	3760910
avianized rabies virus infection in mice.		1986	3761776
[long-term persistence of the rabies virus at inoculation sites in an experiment on hibernating rodents].		1986	3765572
cloning of rabies virus matrix protein mrna and determination of its amino acid sequence.	a cdna clone of mrna for rabies virus matrix (m) protein has been identified. the clone hybridizes to an mrna species from rabies virus-infected cells, whose size correlates to the size of the m protein in rabies virions, and selects an mrna that translates into a polypeptide corresponding in size to m protein. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cdna was determined and from this a complete amino acid sequence for m protein was deduced. the deduced sequence of 202 amino acids bears no detectab ...	1986	3765822
major antigenic groups of rabies virus in canada determined by anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies.	a total of 123 rabies virus isolates from various geographical areas in canada were characterized by a panel of 43 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. four major antigenic groups are found in terrestrial mammals: "canadian arctic" from ontario, quebec and the northwest territories; "south-eastern georgian bay" from ontario; "south mid-central skunk" from alberta, saskatchewan and manitoba; and "brook's, alberta skunk" from a restricted area in alberta. bat isolates can be divided into 4 maj ...	1986	3769442
[does rabies return by air to the scandinavian countries?].		1986	3774519
preparation of & comparison between whole cell & sonicated sheep brain antirabies vaccine.		1986	3781589
experimental rabies: ultrastructural quantitative analysis of the changes in the sciatic nerve.	to study the pathology of peripheral nerves in experimental rabies infection, street rabies virus ws inoculated into the right footpad of two groups of mice, a and b, which received, respectively, 10(4.5) ld50 and 10(3.5) ld50 of the virus. paralysis was observed in 60% of animals of group a and 20% of group b. the main ultrastructural abnormality present in the sciatic nerves was degeneration of about 40% of myelinated axons. only occasional unmyelinated axons were degenerated. figures were sim ...	1986	3792512
validation of an in vitro assay for the determination of rabies antigen.	the modified antibody binding test, an in vitro method, was validated by a number of studies and was used as a reliable method for in process controls in the manufacture of rabies vaccines for man and animals over the last 6 years. a calculation was made showing the number of laboratory mice which were not needed for animal experiments because these were substituted by the in vitro method mentioned above.	1986	3792659
alternatives for potency testing of veterinary vaccines: rabies vaccine as a model.	optimum information about potency of a vaccine is achieved by a protection test on the target animal species. however, application of this procedure to routine batch control requires a great number of target animals. in order to reduce the number of such animals, laboratory animal tests or in vitro tests have to be established. these tests must be correlated to target animal protection tests allowing the estimation of the vaccine potency with the same accuracy. with respect to testing the potenc ...	1986	3792660
[comparative assessment of the neurovirulence of vaccinal strains of the rabies virus].	neurovirulence of three vaccine strains of rabies virus ("moscow", "vnukovo-32", and "mivp-74") was studied in mice using pathomorphology data. after intracerebral inoculations changes in the cns were similar. the presence and the degree of the involvement of the ammon horn is the main indicator of the infectious activity of the strain. the disease and death of the animals after inoculation with an attenuated strain may be due to the damage of intermediate neurons of descending projection tracts ...	1986	3798910
effects of corticosteroids mediated immunosuppression on the distribution of rabies vaccine virus in red foxes orally immunized against rabies.		1986	3799101
electrophysiological and sleep alterations in experimental mouse rabies.	changes in the spontaneous brain electrical activity and sleep organization were investigated in 5 mice strains during the evolution of experimental fixed rabies infection. cortical electrodes were chronically implanted for continuous eeg recording and spectral analysis until death. three evolutionary phases were individualized. the initial phase exhibited alterations of sleep stages, rem sleep disappearance, pseudoperiodic facial myoclonus and first clinical signs. the mature phase was characte ...	1986	3801886
[rabies, an old problem, new solutions. synthesis].		1986	3802367
from jenner to jerne: towards idiotype vaccines.		1986	2422113
neutralization of interferon produced early during rabies virus infection in mice.	inoculation of mice (strain c3h/he) with a purified preparation of fixed rabies virus led to the production of interferon with two different peaks of activity detectable in the plasma: an early peak 24 h after inoculation followed by another peak on the 7th day after infection. the level of splenic 2-5a synthetase was enhanced in parallel with the pattern of interferon activity. neutralization of the first peak of interferon activity by anti-mouse alpha/beta interferon globulin blocked the induc ...	1986	2418153
[rabies. i. principal characteristics of the etiologic agent and the disease].		1986	2446349
absence of myelin basic protein in an improved purified duck embryo rabies vaccine.	the encephalitogenic potential of rabies vaccines prepared from nervous tissue is a result of the presence of myelin basic protein. vaccines prepared from duck embryos are economical and efficient, but, occasionally, cases of allergic encephalomyelitis have been reported. an improved rabies vaccine has been developed that contains the classical pitman moore strain of rabies virus grown in embryonated duck eggs. this vaccine has been highly purified and enriched in immunologically effective rabie ...	1986	2425309
antigenic variation in rabies virus strains.	several rabies virus isolates from small wild rodents, one strain isolated from a fox and another from a cat, as well as the cvs strain were compared in cross-protection and virus-neutralization tests. antigenic variations between the strains and between different batches of individual strains were found. these antigenic differences could not be explained by denaturation caused by uv irradiation or deep-freeze storage, by the presence of "incomplete" particles or by passage in immune organism. a ...	1986	2429535
demonstration of antigenic variation among rabies virus isolates by using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins.	rabies virus isolates from terrestrial animals in six areas of the united states were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins. characteristic differences in immunofluorescence reactions permitted the formation of four antigenically distinct reaction groups from the 231 isolates tested. the geographic distribution of these groups corresponded well with separate rabies enzootic areas recognized by surveillance of sylvatic rabies in the united states. distinctive rea ...	1986	2429983
axonal transport of rabies virus in the central nervous system of the rat.	stereotaxic inoculation of rabies virus into specific nuclei in the central nervous system has been used for the investigation of the central neural transport mechanisms of viral information. the infection was monitored by specific fluorescence and peroxidase studies and the titration of viral infectivity in dissected brain areas. twenty-four hours after inoculation into the striatum, cortex, or substantia nigra, infected neurons were detected only in cells from areas and nuclei which were relat ...	1986	2430067
[avirulent mutants of the rabies virus: change in site iii of the glycoprotein].	using antiglycoprotein neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, avirulent mutants of rabies virus have been selected. all these mutants have a change in the site iii of the glycoprotein: arginine 333 is replaced by either glutamine, or isoleucine, or glycine. the possibility of selecting avirulent mutants by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may allow to get live vaccines and to study the molecular basis of viral virulence.	1986	2430498
effect of inosiplex on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was studied in recipients of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). hdcv was administered intradermally at 8 different anatomical sites, 0.1 ml each, on day 0; followed by another 4-site injection on day 7. rabies antigen-stimulated in vitro proliferative response was evident as early as 7 days after starting immunization. it reached a peak on day 14 and had declined by day 28. the cellular proliferative response preceded and roughly co ...	1986	2437660
isolation and characterization of human t cell lines and clones reactive to rabies virus: antigen specificity and production of interferon-gamma.	by using a preparation of inactivated rabies virus, the blood mononuclear cells from five rabies vaccine recipients were stimulated in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2. t cell lines that displayed significant proliferative responses to whole rabies virus and to preparations of rabies glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were obtained from all the individuals. other antigens, such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, influenza a virus, hepatitis b surface antigen, and serum albumin, failed to induce ...	1986	2416820
sequences of the major antibody binding epitopes of the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.	a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the indiana strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-ind) were used to select nonbinding vsv-ind mutants. in addition, virus was passaged against high titered polyclonal antisera to select for poorly neutralized virus mutants. nucleic acid sequencing localized mutations in the surface spike glycoprotein (g protein) sequence which were associated with decreased neutralization by polyclonal antisera and with nonbinding by ...	1986	2417417
rabies virus infection of cultured rat sensory neurons.	the axonal transport of rabies virus (challenge virus strain of fixed virus) was studied in differentiated rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells. in addition, we observed the attachment of rabies virus to neuronal extensions and virus production by infected neurons. a compartmentalized cell culture system was used, allowing infection and manipulation of neuronal extensions without exposing the neural soma to the virus. the cultures consisted of 60% large neuronal cells whose extensions exhibi ...	1987	2441076
the causes of the syndromes of landry (1859) and of guillain, barré and strohl (1916).	post-infectious and post-vaccinal peripheral neuritis or encephalomyelitis have frequently been considered the human equivalents of experimental allergic neuritis (ean) or encephalomyelitis (eae). the major basis for these comparisons between diseases in humans and experimental animals rests on the classical observations of "paralytic accidents" of pasteur-type vaccination against rabies. these old observations in humans injected with brain tissue indicate a remarkable heterogeneity of periphéra ...	1987	2445014
localization and immunological characterization of antigenic domains of the rabies virus internal n and ns proteins.	to locate epitopes on internal antigens of rabies virus, purified n and ns proteins of the nucleocapsid were cleaved at methionine, tryptophan or glutamic acid residues, transferred to nitrocellulose and immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for n and ns proteins, respectively. five mab-positive fragments of n protein and one fragment of ns protein were located after nh2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis within the deduced amino acid sequences of n and ns proteins. antige ...	1987	2445121
reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the newly developed purified chick embryo cell (pcec)-rabies vaccine in man.	purified chick embryo cell (pcec) rabies vaccine was given to 88 healthy adults according to six different vaccination schedules. local side effects were reported on reactivity forms after 16.4% of pcecv injections, general symptoms were recorded after 15.1% of the 292 doses administered. ige antibodies specific for chicken proteins determined by the radio allergo sorbens test (rast) could not be shown before and after the vaccinations. with no exception, all 88 vaccinees developed high titres o ...	1987	2445127
antiviral activity of monoclonal antibodies specific for the internal proteins n and ns of rabies virus.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (n protein) and non-structural (ns) protein of the nucleocapsid were introduced into adherent cells (fibroblasts and neuroblastoma) by the scrape-loading technique. after the cells had reattached to the substrate, they were infected with rabies virus. inhibition of infection was monitored by measuring the intracytoplasmic viral nucleocapsid accumulation with an enzyme immunoassay using anti-n protein rabbit serum and by mea ...	1987	2447223
preexposure immunization with intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine. risks and benefits of primary and booster vaccination.	intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine (id hdcv) was licensed for preexposure use in the united states on may 30, 1986. we studied the safety and efficacy of this newly approved route and dose of administration. serologic results were available from 112 (90%) of the 124 persons who participated in an hdcv low-dose preexposure study in which five different id, intramuscular (im), and subcutaneous primary immunization regimens were administered. three 1.0-ml im doses of vaccine resulted in ...	1987	3806894
rabies vaccine: traditional and novel approaches.		1987	3078836
early antibody responses to rabies post-exposure vaccine regimens.	the aim of post-exposure rabies vaccine treatment is to induce immunity, measured as neutralizing antibody, as fast as possible. this is especially important in the tropical rabies-endemic areas where simultaneous passive prophylaxis with hyperimmune serum is not practicable in the majority of cases. we compared the rate of production of antibody during the first two weeks, by six vaccine regimens in 118 subjects using two tissue culture vaccines, human diploid cell strain vaccine (hdcsv) and pu ...	1987	3812881
serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos).	sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ...	1987	3826854
[rabies in bats in denmark. occurrence, significance and instruction rules].		1987	3603849
persistence of rabies antibody 5 years after pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell antirabies vaccine and antibody response to a single booster dose.	in 1978, 22 staff members of the national institute of virology, pune, india, were given two doses of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine (hdcv) for primary pre-exposure prophylactic immunization; the interval between the two doses being approximately 4 weeks. eighteen of these 22 vaccinees were given a booster dose 1 year later. all 18 vaccinees developed protective levels of antibody; most of them had antibody levels exceeding 10 iu/ml. in 1984, 5 years after the booster dose, 11 (79.0%) of ...	1987	3609177
antibody response after a two-year intradermal booster of rabies human diploid cell vaccine.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally for preexposure booster inoculation. seventy-six volunteers received a 0.1-ml dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine intradermally, approximately 2 years after their primary series. though only 25 (32.9%) had a titer less than 0.5 iu/ml before the booster, all had a postbooster titer of greater than or equal to 4.0 iu/ml 3 weeks later. five of 73 (6.8%) reported a ...	1987	3610792
[veterinary chief inspection of public health. rabies in bats].		1987	3617025
antibody response to suckling mouse brain rabies vaccines for post exposure treatment.	a new suckling mouse brain vaccine (smbv) against rabies, produced by the thai red cross society, was compared with the well established institut pasteur smbv in patients with very low risk rabies contact. the 4 regimens used were the standard daily injections with booster doses of thai red cross vaccine (trcv) and institut pasteur vaccine (ipv), and a reduced dose scheme of 6 injections as used for tissue culture vaccines. the effect of 20 iu/kg of human rabies immune globulin (hrig) was tested ...	1987	3617187
immune sera and antiglycoprotein monoclonal antibodies inhibit in vitro cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic rabies viruses.	although the cell-to-cell spread of many viruses in vitro is inhibited by antibody, the effect of antibody on such spread of rabies viruses is uncertain. thus, we examined the effects of anti-rabies virus immune sera and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the in vitro spread of pathogenic rabies viruses in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. both anti-rabies virus immune sera and neutralizing antiglycoprotein mabs inhibited the cell-to-cell spread of street rabies virus, challenge virus standard, and e ...	1987	3625841
rabies prevention in primary care. a four-step approach.	although most physicians in the united states have not seen a person with rabies, the primary care physician is often confronted with a patient who has been bitten by an animal capable of transmitting rabies virus. rabies is almost always transmitted by a bite; licks and other nonbite exposures hardly ever cause the disease. the control of rabies in domestic animals has greatly reduced the risk of human disease following the bite of a dog or cat, but rabies in wild animals (especially skunks and ...	1987	3628129
immune response in skunks to a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein.	striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. virus neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus were present at 14 days postvaccination by the following routes: scarification (6/6), intramuscular (4/4) and intestinal (5/8). six out of seven skunks that ate vaccine filled baits had virus neutralizing antibodies at 28 days. when challenged intramuscularly with street virus, the survival rates were 5/7 for the bait-fed gro ...	1987	3651890
a tissue culture infection test in routine rabies diagnosis.	a cell culture infection test was developed for the isolation of rabies virus from field cases submitted for rabies diagnosis. the procedure involved the addition of a suspension of suspect brain tissue to a suspension of murine neuroblastoma cells in 96-well microtiter plates. the cultures were then incubated at 35-36 degrees c for four days at which time they were fixed, stained with a fluorescein-labelled hamster antirabies antibody conjugate and examined with a fluorescence microscope. rabie ...	1987	3651891
immunomodulatory effects of orally-administered saponins and nonspecific resistance against rabies infection.	we present evidence that orally fed quillaja saponins offer nonspecific resistance to mice against rabies viral infection. adoptive transfer of spleen cells and thymocytes from animals preconditioned with saponin (sap), inactivated rabies antigen (ag), or a mixture of ag+sap has offered significant protection against an intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. levels of serum rabies-neutralizing antibodies in the different groups of recipient animals did not correlate with the respective ...	1987	3654000
antigenic variation in rabies and rabies-related viruses: cross-protection independent of glycoprotein-mediated virus-neutralizing antibody.	immunization experiments with vaccines prepared from the pm and era strains of rabies virus demonstrated that in mice, only era vaccine primes for an anamnestic response to the rabies-related strain duvenhage (duv6); in rabbits, both era and pm vaccines induced immunologic memory to duv6 virus. in mice, era vaccine, but not an equal concentration of pm vaccine, conferred protection against a lethal challenge infection with duv6 virus. this result indicated that the protective activity correlated ...	1987	3655404
[central veterinary institute finds rabid bats also in the metropolitan area, twente and the provinces of groningen and friesland].		1987	3660394
an attempt to treat rabies encephalitis in monkeys with intrathecal live rabies virus rv 675. brief report.	a highly attenuated rabies virus, rv 675, proved innocuous but immunogenic when injected intrathecally into monkeys by the lumbar route. attempts to use this virus to modify the course of fatal rabies encephalitis in monkeys were inconclusive possibly because of the brief encephalitic illness. further studies are indicated to investigate rv 675 as a candidate therapeutic agent for rabies encephalitis.	1987	3662827
comparative prevalence of rabies antibodies among household and unclaimed/stray dogs as determined by the immune adherence haemagglutination assay.	the immune adherence haemagglutination assay (iaha), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the iaha correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determination, the rapid-fluorescent-focus-inhibition test (rffit). although it is not known if the antibodies detected in iaha test represent neutralizing antibodies against rabies, iaha has ...	1987	3667050
mechanisms of rabies virus neutralization by glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies.	incubation of radiolabeled rabies virus with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) resulted in complete neutralization of the virus but only partial inhibition of virus binding to, and internalization by, bhk cells. several of the neutralizing mabs were capable of preventing infection after virus adsorption to cells; up to 30% of the bound virus was released when cells containing adsorbed virus were incubated with these mabs at 4 degrees, indicating that the release of bound virus accounts o ...	1987	3672933
characterization of a double avirulent mutant of rabies virus and its potency as a vaccine, live or inactivated.	a strain bearing two mutations which abolish the virulence for adult animals after intracerebral or intramuscular inoculation has been constructed from the cvs strain of rabies virus. this apathogenic phenotype is stable after three successive passages of the double mutant in suckling mice brain. trials of vaccination performed on mice in parallel with the double mutant and cvs both inactivated with beta-propiolactone indicate that the mutant is at least as efficient as cvs. this strain has also ...	1987	3673209
[experimental development of the principles for designing an optimal schedule for inoculations with an inactivated cultured rabies vaccine].	immune response was studied experimentally in mice immunized according to 23 different schedules with rabies vaccine in 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions for the elucidation of principles of developing an optimal vaccination schedule. each group consisted of 40 to 50 animals. the most objective, reliable, and strict test, challenge of immunity to street rabies virus inoculated peripherally which is closest to natural conditions, was used as the criterion for the evaluation of immune response. the studies ...	1987	3686985
antigenic characterization of twenty stress rabies virus strains isolated in italy using monoclonal antibodies.		1987	3687285
[effect of gangliosides on the resistance of mice to the rabies virus].	the survival of animals has been studied after their infection with a mixture of rabies virus and gangliosides isolated from various organs. it has been found that virus incubation with a summarized fraction of cerebral gangliosides increased considerably the survival of animals. at the same time it was shown that gangliosides from cattle spleen and red blood cells taken in the same proportions as cerebral gangliosides, do not have any protective effect. the in vivo study of the antiviral gangli ...	1987	3689963
encephalitis associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi was associated with encephalitis in a horse. the horse lived in an area of wisconsin endemic for b burgdorferi infection. borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the brain, but rabies virus was not detected in the brain. serum obtained from the horse had a b burgdorferi antibody titer of 1:2,048, but was negative for antibodies to eastern and western encephalomyelitis.	1987	3692996
rabies vaccination of captive white-handed gibbons potentially exposed to wild rabies virus.		1987	3695407
experimental rabies in skunks and foxes. pathogenesis of the spongiform lesions.	the pathogenesis of rabies spongiform lesions in striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was studied by light and electron microscopy and peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry. studies in skunks included use of several street virus variants (different antigenic profiles as tested by monoclonal antibodies) different routes of inoculation (intranasal, intracerebral and intramuscular), immunosuppression of infected skunks, different preparations of virus (brain and ...	1987	3695410
in vivo studies of pathogenic, immunogenic and protective properties of roma strain rabies virus recovered from a persistently infected bhk21 cell line.	rabies virus strain roma was adapted to grow in bhk21 cells and a persistently infected cell line was established. the cell line released infectious virus only irregularly and at low titers. we report in this work experiments carried out in mice on pathogenicity, immunogenicity and protective properties of the virus recovered at different phases of the persistent infection. the adapted virus strain was only weakly pathogenic when injected intracerebrally and apathogenic when given intramuscularl ...	1987	3587068
[serological evaluation of the efficacy of an antirabies vaccine in field dogs in tunisia].	we have vaccinated with an inactivated experimental vaccine, rabi rabta, prepared in lamb brain 52 dogs from the field in tunisia and we tested by recommended serological methods the production of specific antibodies. the animals (35) received a boost injection after one year and the control of the immunological response was done on the same way after one month. this work done on 27 dogs showed very low serological data. a comparable batch of 42 dogs was immunised with a commercial vaccine with ...	1987	3579184
enhanced antibody responses in mice by combined administration of interferon with rabies vaccine.	exogenous interferon administered to mice at the time of, and 6 hours after the first dose of 3 daily vaccinations accelerated and enhanced the igm and igg antibody responses to rabies virus. the effect of interferon was not evident when the interferon was administered later in the vaccination schedules and was abrogated by prior administration of anti-interferon antibody to the mice. the number of igm antibody secreting cells in the spleen was significantly greater in mice treated with interfer ...	1987	3579612
resolution of conformation equilibria in linear peptides by circular dichroism in cryogenic solvents.	the circular dichroism spectra of the synthetic peptide antigen, 209-222 of the surface glycoprotein of the rabies virus were recorded as a function of solvent composition and over the temperature range of +60 degrees c to -135 degrees c; beta-iii and beta-ii reverse turn conformations were found to exist in tfe/h2o (3:1) at room temperature and in ethanediol/h2o (2:1) below -110 degrees c respectively. evidence, from comparison of observed and calculated spectra, is given to support the existen ...	1987	3566748
immunologic studies in subjects with a serum sickness-like illness after immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	ten patients developing a serum sickness-like hypersensitivity reaction to human diploid cell rabies vaccine were studied and compared with control subjects matched for previous vaccination history and level of rabies virus-specific igg response to immunization. the clinical reaction consisted of delayed onset, generalized urticaria, and angioedema, with some arthralgias. skin biopsy specimens demonstrated a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. individuals reacting to the vaccine possessed ige antibodie ...	1987	3558997
ige and igg antibodies to beta-propiolactone and human serum albumin associated with urticarial reactions to rabies vaccine.	we examined the antibody response to a rabies vaccine doubly inactivated with 0.025% beta-propiolactone and 0.1% tri(n)butyl phosphate and stabilized with 2.5% human serum albumin. antibodies were measured by using the following four antigen preparations: complete doubly inactivated rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine inactivated only with tri(n)butyl phosphate, beta-propiolactone and human serum albumin, and human serum albumin alone. the fluid phase of the preparation of beta-propiolactone and huma ...	1987	3559291
vaccinia virus recombinants expressing rabiesvirus glycoprotein protect against rabies.	six recombinants of new york board of health (nybh) vaccinia virus containing cdna for challenge virus standard (cvs) rabiesvirus glycoprotein (g) were produced by directing gene insertion into the vaccinia thymidine kinase (tk) locus. to regulate expression of g the promoter p7.5 (functions at early and late times postinfection) from the gene for the vaccinia 7.5 kilodalton (kd) protein was used in two of the recombinants; late promoter p11 of the vaccinia 11 kd protein was used in four recombi ...	1987	3508340
induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein.	we have studied the ability of rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) to induce a protective immune response in animals against lethal challenge with rabies and rabies-related lyssa viruses. liposomes containing either rnp or the glycoprotein (g protein) of a variant virus with multiple alterations in the g antigenic structure conferred no or poor protection, respectively, against lethal intracerebral challenge with rabies virus. by contrast, liposomes containing rnp and the variant g protein indu ...	1987	3480536
the effect of interferon treatment in rabies prophylaxis in immunocompetent, immunosuppressed, and immunodeficient mice.	the development of rabies is modulated by many interacting factors, most of which are dependent on the host immune response. for this reason, we studied the action of interferon (ifn) treatment on street rabies virus infection in mice, immunocompetent or immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. in immunocompetent mice, paralysis of hind limbs is the first symptom characteristic of rabies disease before weight loss and general prostration leading to death. paralysis does not occur in immunosuppres ...	1987	3495612
the association of the rabies glycoprotein with liposome (immunosome) induces an in vitro specific release of interleukin 2.	balb/c mice were primed by receiving a unique intraperitoneal injection of rabies virus antigens presented as complete inactivated virus (p.v. strain) or as purified glycoproteins either in the aggregated form or in physical combination with liposomes (i.e., in the form of "immunosomes"). the splenocytes of these mice were restimulated, 6-15 days after priming, in culture with rabies virus antigens, and antigen-specific il-2 production was measured. it was found that rabies antigens presented as ...	1987	3496973
[isolation of the rabies virus and rapid diagnosis of rabies in a continuous culture of neurinoma cells from the rat gasserian ganglion].		1987	3501634
the demonstration of rabies antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method: a comparative study.	mice experimentally infected with challenge virus standard rabies virus as well as skunks and foxes experimentally infected with street rabies virus were used to demonstrate rabies viral antigen in paraffin-embedded tissue by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. tissues fixed with different fixatives (10% formalin, bouin's, acetone, ethanol) for various times and fresh frozen tissues were stained by the fluorescent antibody and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. formalin- and bouin's-fixed t ...	1987	3552169
cell mediated immune response in human antirabies revaccination.		1987	3423614
experimental rabies in skunks: immune response and salivary gland infection.	groups of striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were inoculated intramuscularly with graded doses of street rabies virus. at various intervals after inoculation, saliva and sera were tested for rabies virus and neutralizing antibodies, respectively. skunks that developed rabies were killed in terminal stages of the disease and the following examinations were made: titers of virus and antibody in submandibular salivary glands and brain, extent of immunofluorescence in submandibular salivary glands, ...	1987	3427891
[oral immunization of arctic foxes with a live rabies tissue-culture vaccine from the vnukovo-32 strain].		1987	3433719
[antirabies vaccination].		1987	3447518
[infection defense antigens against pathogenic viruses to human. infection defense antigens and genetic code--trend and progress of study on biomolecular analysis. e. infection defense antigens of rabies virus and genetic code].		1987	3448264
[trends in research in developing new type of vaccines--aiming at efficacy and safety. rabies vaccine].		1987	3448274
synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences of snake venom neurotoxins and rabies virus glycoprotein bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	peptides corresponding to portions of loop 2 of snake venom curare-mimetic neurotoxins and to a structurally similar region of rabies virus glycoprotein were synthesized. interaction of these peptides with purified torpedo electric organ acetylcholine receptor was tested by measuring their ability to block the binding of 125i-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin to the receptor. in addition, inhibition of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to a 32-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 173-204 of th ...	1987	3448605
rabies--an unusual observation?		1987	3449551
evaluation of the single radial-immunodiffusion assay for measuring the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines.	the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines containing the pitman-moore strain of rabies virus was measured by the single radial immunodiffusion assay and correlated with vaccine potency. the variability of this assay was 6.3% for a single vaccine lot tested over a one-year period. using sera prepared against rabies virus glycoprotein from different strains of virus, the assay gave different values. these differences could be eliminated by using a homologous vaccine strain as an internal referen ...	1987	3104340
the effect of strain differences on the assay of rabies virus glycoprotein by single radial immunodiffusion.	antigenic differences between rabies virus strains used for vaccine manufacture can be demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies. we have shown that these differences are sufficiently large to affect the potency values of vaccines measured in single radial immunodiffusion (srd) assays if the reference and test vaccines are antigenically heterologous. the production of reagents for use in srd assays for each strain of rabies virus should be considered.	1987	3104342
vaccines and antibody immunotherapy in surgical patients.	immunoprophylaxis of infectious complications in surgical patients is currently practiced and is efficacious for disease caused by clostridium tetani, rabies virus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and hepatitis b virus. evidence exists that immunoprophylaxis and treatment of herpes viruses as well as gram-negative pathogens is possible, although extensive clinical testing will be required to establish immunotherapy as a effective clinical treatment modality for the control of disease caused by these a ...	1987	3105341
murine t cell clones directed to rabies virus: isolation and some of their properties.	seventeen thy-1+ cell clones were induced in a/j mice immunized with the hep-flury strain of rabies virus after repeated stimulations with antigens in vitro. ten clones with cell surface phenotypes thy-1+, lyt-1-,2+ were cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) which lysed the virus-infected target cells under h-2 restriction. target cells expressed the g and m2 structural proteins of rabies virus on their surface; however, target lysis by ctl clones was not blocked by anti-rabies antibody or by monoclonal ...	1987	3106564
rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis using intradermal human diploid cell vaccine: immunologic efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a university medical center and a review of selected literature.	the authors studied the antigenicity of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine administered to 40 laboratory workers considered to be at-risk at the university of virginia medical center. a 1-year postvaccination serology was determined for 20 of those 40, all of whom demonstrated an antirabies titer greater than or equal to 1:50 by the raped fluorescent focus inhibition test. by 2 years' postvaccination, 5 of 40 subjects had "unprotective levels" (less than 1:5), whereas 35 had titers gr ...	1987	3109240
human rabies despite treatment with rabies immune globulin and human diploid cell rabies vaccine--thailand.		1987	3118174
[survival of rabies virus under external conditions].	the survival of the street rabies virus in a 10% suspension, prepared from the salivary gland of a naturally infected fox, was studied under various conditions. a bioassay and titration on mice were used for the identification of the virus in different intervals. the heat inactivation of the virus in a suspension kept in a test tube at the temperatures of 20 degrees c and 37 degrees c was performed in two stages. the rapid reduction of the titre within 24 hours was followed by a slower decrease, ...	1987	3125654
human rabies immunoglobulin assayed by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test suppresses active rabies immunization.	the rabies antibody content of each of ten lots of human rabies immunoglobulin was titrated by both the mouse neutralization test and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. the two tests did not give comparable results, the antibody titres obtained by the mouse neutralization test being 1.4-9.6 times higher than those obtained by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. this titre difference was associated with a consistently lower antibody response in human volunteers who had received ...	1987	3298263
is there a risk to contacts of patients with rabies?	the number of persons in the united states potentially in contact with rabid humans has increased in recent years because of labor-intensive medical care, longer survival times, and care in two or more hospitals. many of these persons request rabies prophylaxis, and their physicians prescribe it because of their insecurity, a situation that is expensive and often unnecessary. records of the centers for disease control and the literature were reviewed to examine the current practice of prophylaxi ...	1987	3299636
epidemiology of rabies virus variants. differentiation using monoclonal antibodies and discriminant analysis.	rabies virus was isolated by cell culture from the brains of 104 confirmed rabies cases diagnosed by the fluorescent-antibody staining technique in the united states during 1974-1984. eighty-seven isolates were obtained from wild-life species, 10 from humans, and seven from domestic animals. these isolates were tested in virus neutralization and immunofluorescence assays using a panel of 34 monoclonal antibodies specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein, 44 monoclonal antibodies specific fo ...	1987	3300280
serodiagnosis of rabies by dot immunobinding assay.	a dot immunobinding assay that uses inactivated antigen for the detection of rabies viral antibodies was compared with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. results of testing pre- and postvaccination sera from humans (n = 33) and canines (n = 22) were identical for both tests. endpoint titers of positive sera also were approximately the same by both methods. when a mouse monoclonal antibody was used, the dot immunobinding assay antigen was shown to possess detectable rabies virus glycopr ...	1987	3301890
rabies virus infection: genetic mutations and the impact on viral pathogenicity and immunity.		1987	3304828
comparison of sensitivity of bhk-21 and murine neuroblastoma cells in the isolation of a street strain rabies virus.	the sensitivities of bhk-21 (c-13) and murine neuroblastoma (c-1300; clone na) cells for the isolation of small quantities of a street strain rabies virus were compared. suspensions of brain from mice sacrificed prior to the onset of clinical signs of rabies were used to stimulate weakly positive diagnostic specimens. the results of cell culture isolation were compared with those of the direct fluorescent-antibody test and virus isolation in weanling mice. neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive ...	1987	3305560