Publications

electrophysiological and sleep alterations in experimental mouse rabies.	changes in the spontaneous brain electrical activity and sleep organization were investigated in 5 mice strains during the evolution of experimental fixed rabies infection. cortical electrodes were chronically implanted for continuous eeg recording and spectral analysis until death. three evolutionary phases were individualized. the initial phase exhibited alterations of sleep stages, rem sleep disappearance, pseudoperiodic facial myoclonus and first clinical signs. the mature phase was characte ...	1986	3801886
[rabies, an old problem, new solutions. synthesis].		1986	3802367
primary structure of leader rna and nucleoprotein genes of the rabies genome: segmented homology with vsv.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 3'region of the rabies genome (pv strain). this work is a first step in a project aimed at establishing the complete primary structure. from the 3'nucleotide sequence of the rna genome, an octadecanucleotide complementary to the 3'extremity was constructed and used to prime cdna synthesis. two overlapping recombinant cdna clones hybridizing with the nucleoprotein mrna (nmrna) were isolated and sequenced. the 1500 first nucleotides of the rabies g ...	1986	3008096
use of t cell-specific anti-idiotypes to immunize against viral infections.		1986	3009303
[production of monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus].		1986	3275401
involvement of gangliosides in rabies virus infection.	the role of gangliosides in rabies virus infection of chick embryo-related (cer) cells was investigated. cultured cells were pretreated with neuraminidase to render the cells transiently non-susceptible to viral infection. incubation of these desialylated cells with gangliosides allowed them to incorporate exogenous gangliosides and they recovered their susceptibility to rabies virus infection. infection of cer cells was monitored by specific fluorescence 24 h after virus inoculation. the use of ...	1986	2868068
experimental chemotherapy of rabies. preliminary results.	the effect of 17 immunosuppressive, cytostatic or antiviral agents on the course of illness in weanling conventional mice infected intracerebrally (i.c.) or intramuscularly (i. m.) with lethal or sublethal doses of rabies virus strains isolated from fox and small wild rodents was studied. potentiation or suppression of virulence by the same compound with some virus strains depended on the route of infection. the best protective effect on i.c. and i. m. infections was achieved with iododeoxyuridi ...	1986	2871735
new purified vero-cell vaccine prevents rabies in patients bitten by rabid animals.	the protective effect of a new, potentially economical tissue-culture rabies vaccine, purified vero-cell rabies vaccine (pvrv), was tested in 106 patients bitten by animals with proven rabies. 0.5 ml pvrv was given intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 91; 47 patients with severe exposure were also given 20 iu/kg human rabies immune globulin (hrig). all patients are alive and well after 1 year. side-effects of treatment were negligible. rabies neutralising antibody (greater than or equal ...	1986	2873399
human rabies vaccines induce neutralising antibodies against the european bat rabies virus (duvenhage)		1986	2875263
[rabies. i. principal characteristics of the etiologic agent and the disease].		1986	2446349
[vaccination of ferrets (putorius furo) against rabies using a tissue vaccine].	the use of live tissue rabies vaccine from vnukovo-32 strain produced by the bioveta national corporation at ivanovice na hané was tested on 15 ferrets (putorius furo l. 1758). the 21st day after subcutaneous application of 3 ml of vaccine, the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was 1 : 71.4, and after subcutaneous and intramuscular application of 1 ml of vaccine the average titre was 1:20.6 and 1 : 15.6, respectively. the challenge test was performed 52 weeks after vaccination: a do ...	1986	3083568
genetic control of serum neutralizing-antibody response to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection in mice.	quantitative differences in serum neutralizing-antibody (snab) responses to rabies vaccination and survival after a rabies challenge infection between two inbred mice strains, c3h/j and c57bl/6j, were shown to be under genetic control. a 99% confidence limit calculated from the snab response titers of 14 c57bl/6j mice resulted in an upper limit for the snab response titer of c57bl/6j mice at 50.63. a snab titer less than or equal to 50.63 in response to rabies vaccination was assigned the phenot ...	1986	3086569
bat rabies--europe.		1986	3088422
[propagation of viruses along neuron networks by transsynaptic passage--a contribution to the pathogenesis of rabies].	certain neurotropic viruses are carried along neuronal processes by the axonal transport mechanisms. indirect morphologic evidence suggests that viral nucleic acid can be transmitted to other neurons by transsynaptic passage. through this mechanism the viral genome can reach widespread and remote brain areas by propagation along neuronal networks in an intracellular milieu. this type of propagation does not require completion of full replication cycles for cell-to-cell spread; transmission of in ...	1986	3090737
how reliable is amino acid sequence homology in predicting similarity of structure and function of c-myc and ad12 e1a oncogenic proteins?	adenovirus e1a and c-myc genes are known to be capable of transforming primary rat cells when they occur in combination with either polyoma middle-t or t24 harvey-ras1 genes. there was a low level of amino acid sequence homology between the nuclear adenovirus-12 (ad12)e1a protein product (289 amino acids) and the c-myc protein based on optimal alignment and percentage identity. in contrast to others [ralston r, bishop jm (1983) nature 306:803-806], we concluded that this low level of amino acid ...	1986	3091845
use of the single radial immunodiffusion test as a replacement for the nih mouse potency test for rabies vaccine.	the method currently recommended by the world health organization (who) for the potency assay of rabies vaccine is the nih mouse potency test, a highly variable test requiring large numbers of animals. the single radial immunodiffusion (srid) test, an in vitro test, has been used successfully for the quantitation of hemagglutinin in inactivated influenza vaccine and is being evaluated for its utility as an assay for the rabies virus glycoprotein, considered to be the major protective antigen, of ...	1986	3098606
single radial immunodiffusion assays for the standardization of the antigenic content of rabies vaccines.	the method currently recommended for the assay of rabies vaccine potency is a mouse protection test, the nih test. it is widely accepted that the estimates of potency obtained in such tests are imprecise. we have applied the single radial immunodiffusion (srd) technique to the assay of the glycoprotein antigen, the major protective antigen of the rabies virion. in this paper we have summarized the results of an international collaborative study, in which srd was shown to give reproducible estima ...	1986	3098607
binding of rabies virus to purified torpedo acetylcholine receptor.	the binding of 125i- and 35s-labeled rabies virus (cvs strain) to affinity-purified acetylcholine receptor from torpedo electric organ was demonstrated. the binding of rabies virus to the acetylcholine receptor increased with increasing receptor concentration, was dependent on the ph of the incubation medium, and was saturable with increasing virus concentration. binding of radioactively labeled virus was effectively competed by unlabeled homologous virus particles. binding of 35s-labeled rabies ...	1986	3828757
further studies on an improved haemagglutination inhibition test with higher sensitivity for rabies virus antibody.	the efficiency of the removal of non-specific inhibitors of rabies virus haemagglutinin by treatment with colloidal silicic acid, which was proposed in an earlier study, was examined in a number of test samples. the non-specific inhibitors were removed in 289 out of 296 normal human sera (97.6%) by this treatment to a level that was undetectable at the 1:4 starting dilution in the haemagglutination inhibition test. antigenic differences among three strains of rabies virus were detected in the ha ...	1986	3488135
stimulation of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses by rabies virus glycoprotein and identification of an immunodominant domain.	the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to rabies virus glycoprotein has been studied. a primary in vivo ctl response was obtained following inoculation of a/j mice with 10 micrograms of glycoprotein, but only when in the form of reconstituted glycoprotein-lipid vesicles. these glycoprotein-lipid vesicles were prepared with lipids from bhk-21 cells, and did not incorporate mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. secondary in vitro stimulation of rabies virus-specific ctl was obt ...	1986	3491953
[in vivo study of the protective action of the splenocytes from cba strain mice immunized with an inactivated nonconcentrated rabies vaccine].	an inactivated unconcentrated rabies vaccine was demonstrated to induce the production of t-killers which in adoptive transfer protect 38-43% of recipients challenged intramuscularly with street rabies virus. the production of t-killers depends on the dose and schedule of the antigen inoculation. t-killers in vivo were strictly specific and manifested their protective effect only in syngeneic but not in allogeneic system.	1986	3493590
evidence of canine distemper virus infection in skunks negative for antibody against rabies virus.	between january 1981 and october 1985, brain tissue specimens from 192 skunks that were negative for antibodies against rabies virus were obtained from 2 illinois public health laboratories (a and b). brain lesions were detected microscopically in specimens from 17 of the 91 (18.7%) skunks from laboratory b and in specimens from 30 of the 101 (29.7%) skunks from laboratory a. lesions in 3 skunks (1 from laboratory a, 2 from b) were caused by cerebral parasitism. lesions in the remaining 44 skunk ...	1986	3505934
combined tetanus-rabies vaccination.	studies in mice have shown that calcium phosphate adsorbed tetanus toxoid (ipadt) can be used as a vehicle for freezedried rabies vaccine. trials were undertaken in human volunteers and patients receiving a post-exposure treatment using the same vaccines to evaluate tolerance and antibody response to both vaccines.	1986	3556772
[adaptation of strains of the rabies virus flury lep and hep to primary culture of fibroblasts of the embryo of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].		1986	3561096
anti-rabies virus igm in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from rabid dogs.	an anti-rabies igm antibody capture radio immunoassay was used to test serum and cerebrospinal fluid from 37 dogs held in quarantine for suspicion of rabies. rabies was confirmed in dogs that died by mouse inoculation and subsequent examination of mouse brains by fluorescent antibody technique to detect rabies antigen. the mean counts per minute (cpm) of iodinated anti-rabies gamma globulin coupled igm rabies antibody in csf and serum from rabid dogs were significantly higher than in csf and ser ...	1986	3576284
membrane carbohydrate requirement for rabies virus binding to chicken embryo related cells.	the involvement of cellular carbohydrates in the interaction of rabies virus with chicken embryo related cell receptors was investigated. two different methodological approaches were employed: specific glycosidases were used to treat the cells before infection, and specific lectins were used to compete with the viral binding. the results indicate the participation of sialic acid, galactose, mannose, and n-acetyl-glucosamine but not fucose in the cellular requirements for rabies virus infection.	1986	3583664
[factors affecting decision making with regard to the vaccination of humans against rabies].		1986	3809543
absence of myelin basic protein in an improved purified duck embryo rabies vaccine.	the encephalitogenic potential of rabies vaccines prepared from nervous tissue is a result of the presence of myelin basic protein. vaccines prepared from duck embryos are economical and efficient, but, occasionally, cases of allergic encephalomyelitis have been reported. an improved rabies vaccine has been developed that contains the classical pitman moore strain of rabies virus grown in embryonated duck eggs. this vaccine has been highly purified and enriched in immunologically effective rabie ...	1986	2425309
antigenic variation in rabies virus strains.	several rabies virus isolates from small wild rodents, one strain isolated from a fox and another from a cat, as well as the cvs strain were compared in cross-protection and virus-neutralization tests. antigenic variations between the strains and between different batches of individual strains were found. these antigenic differences could not be explained by denaturation caused by uv irradiation or deep-freeze storage, by the presence of "incomplete" particles or by passage in immune organism. a ...	1986	2429535
demonstration of antigenic variation among rabies virus isolates by using monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins.	rabies virus isolates from terrestrial animals in six areas of the united states were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins. characteristic differences in immunofluorescence reactions permitted the formation of four antigenically distinct reaction groups from the 231 isolates tested. the geographic distribution of these groups corresponded well with separate rabies enzootic areas recognized by surveillance of sylvatic rabies in the united states. distinctive rea ...	1986	2429983
axonal transport of rabies virus in the central nervous system of the rat.	stereotaxic inoculation of rabies virus into specific nuclei in the central nervous system has been used for the investigation of the central neural transport mechanisms of viral information. the infection was monitored by specific fluorescence and peroxidase studies and the titration of viral infectivity in dissected brain areas. twenty-four hours after inoculation into the striatum, cortex, or substantia nigra, infected neurons were detected only in cells from areas and nuclei which were relat ...	1986	2430067
[avirulent mutants of the rabies virus: change in site iii of the glycoprotein].	using antiglycoprotein neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, avirulent mutants of rabies virus have been selected. all these mutants have a change in the site iii of the glycoprotein: arginine 333 is replaced by either glutamine, or isoleucine, or glycine. the possibility of selecting avirulent mutants by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may allow to get live vaccines and to study the molecular basis of viral virulence.	1986	2430498
effect of inosiplex on the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was studied in recipients of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv). hdcv was administered intradermally at 8 different anatomical sites, 0.1 ml each, on day 0; followed by another 4-site injection on day 7. rabies antigen-stimulated in vitro proliferative response was evident as early as 7 days after starting immunization. it reached a peak on day 14 and had declined by day 28. the cellular proliferative response preceded and roughly co ...	1986	2437660
isolation and characterization of human t cell lines and clones reactive to rabies virus: antigen specificity and production of interferon-gamma.	by using a preparation of inactivated rabies virus, the blood mononuclear cells from five rabies vaccine recipients were stimulated in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2. t cell lines that displayed significant proliferative responses to whole rabies virus and to preparations of rabies glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were obtained from all the individuals. other antigens, such as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, influenza a virus, hepatitis b surface antigen, and serum albumin, failed to induce ...	1986	2416820
sequences of the major antibody binding epitopes of the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus.	a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the indiana strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-ind) were used to select nonbinding vsv-ind mutants. in addition, virus was passaged against high titered polyclonal antisera to select for poorly neutralized virus mutants. nucleic acid sequencing localized mutations in the surface spike glycoprotein (g protein) sequence which were associated with decreased neutralization by polyclonal antisera and with nonbinding by ...	1986	2417417
neutralization of interferon produced early during rabies virus infection in mice.	inoculation of mice (strain c3h/he) with a purified preparation of fixed rabies virus led to the production of interferon with two different peaks of activity detectable in the plasma: an early peak 24 h after inoculation followed by another peak on the 7th day after infection. the level of splenic 2-5a synthetase was enhanced in parallel with the pattern of interferon activity. neutralization of the first peak of interferon activity by anti-mouse alpha/beta interferon globulin blocked the induc ...	1986	2418153
rabies virus infection of cultured rat sensory neurons.	the axonal transport of rabies virus (challenge virus strain of fixed virus) was studied in differentiated rat embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells. in addition, we observed the attachment of rabies virus to neuronal extensions and virus production by infected neurons. a compartmentalized cell culture system was used, allowing infection and manipulation of neuronal extensions without exposing the neural soma to the virus. the cultures consisted of 60% large neuronal cells whose extensions exhibi ...	1987	2441076
the causes of the syndromes of landry (1859) and of guillain, barré and strohl (1916).	post-infectious and post-vaccinal peripheral neuritis or encephalomyelitis have frequently been considered the human equivalents of experimental allergic neuritis (ean) or encephalomyelitis (eae). the major basis for these comparisons between diseases in humans and experimental animals rests on the classical observations of "paralytic accidents" of pasteur-type vaccination against rabies. these old observations in humans injected with brain tissue indicate a remarkable heterogeneity of periphéra ...	1987	2445014
localization and immunological characterization of antigenic domains of the rabies virus internal n and ns proteins.	to locate epitopes on internal antigens of rabies virus, purified n and ns proteins of the nucleocapsid were cleaved at methionine, tryptophan or glutamic acid residues, transferred to nitrocellulose and immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for n and ns proteins, respectively. five mab-positive fragments of n protein and one fragment of ns protein were located after nh2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis within the deduced amino acid sequences of n and ns proteins. antige ...	1987	2445121
reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the newly developed purified chick embryo cell (pcec)-rabies vaccine in man.	purified chick embryo cell (pcec) rabies vaccine was given to 88 healthy adults according to six different vaccination schedules. local side effects were reported on reactivity forms after 16.4% of pcecv injections, general symptoms were recorded after 15.1% of the 292 doses administered. ige antibodies specific for chicken proteins determined by the radio allergo sorbens test (rast) could not be shown before and after the vaccinations. with no exception, all 88 vaccinees developed high titres o ...	1987	2445127
early antibody responses to rabies post-exposure vaccine regimens.	the aim of post-exposure rabies vaccine treatment is to induce immunity, measured as neutralizing antibody, as fast as possible. this is especially important in the tropical rabies-endemic areas where simultaneous passive prophylaxis with hyperimmune serum is not practicable in the majority of cases. we compared the rate of production of antibody during the first two weeks, by six vaccine regimens in 118 subjects using two tissue culture vaccines, human diploid cell strain vaccine (hdcsv) and pu ...	1987	3812881
serologic survey of viral antibodies in the peruvian alpaca (lama pacos).	sera from more than 100 alpacas (lama pacos) from the peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. on the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza a virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular ...	1987	3826854
in vivo studies of pathogenic, immunogenic and protective properties of roma strain rabies virus recovered from a persistently infected bhk21 cell line.	rabies virus strain roma was adapted to grow in bhk21 cells and a persistently infected cell line was established. the cell line released infectious virus only irregularly and at low titers. we report in this work experiments carried out in mice on pathogenicity, immunogenicity and protective properties of the virus recovered at different phases of the persistent infection. the adapted virus strain was only weakly pathogenic when injected intracerebrally and apathogenic when given intramuscularl ...	1987	3587068
[serological evaluation of the efficacy of an antirabies vaccine in field dogs in tunisia].	we have vaccinated with an inactivated experimental vaccine, rabi rabta, prepared in lamb brain 52 dogs from the field in tunisia and we tested by recommended serological methods the production of specific antibodies. the animals (35) received a boost injection after one year and the control of the immunological response was done on the same way after one month. this work done on 27 dogs showed very low serological data. a comparable batch of 42 dogs was immunised with a commercial vaccine with ...	1987	3579184
enhanced antibody responses in mice by combined administration of interferon with rabies vaccine.	exogenous interferon administered to mice at the time of, and 6 hours after the first dose of 3 daily vaccinations accelerated and enhanced the igm and igg antibody responses to rabies virus. the effect of interferon was not evident when the interferon was administered later in the vaccination schedules and was abrogated by prior administration of anti-interferon antibody to the mice. the number of igm antibody secreting cells in the spleen was significantly greater in mice treated with interfer ...	1987	3579612
resolution of conformation equilibria in linear peptides by circular dichroism in cryogenic solvents.	the circular dichroism spectra of the synthetic peptide antigen, 209-222 of the surface glycoprotein of the rabies virus were recorded as a function of solvent composition and over the temperature range of +60 degrees c to -135 degrees c; beta-iii and beta-ii reverse turn conformations were found to exist in tfe/h2o (3:1) at room temperature and in ethanediol/h2o (2:1) below -110 degrees c respectively. evidence, from comparison of observed and calculated spectra, is given to support the existen ...	1987	3566748
immunologic studies in subjects with a serum sickness-like illness after immunization with human diploid cell rabies vaccine.	ten patients developing a serum sickness-like hypersensitivity reaction to human diploid cell rabies vaccine were studied and compared with control subjects matched for previous vaccination history and level of rabies virus-specific igg response to immunization. the clinical reaction consisted of delayed onset, generalized urticaria, and angioedema, with some arthralgias. skin biopsy specimens demonstrated a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. individuals reacting to the vaccine possessed ige antibodie ...	1987	3558997
ige and igg antibodies to beta-propiolactone and human serum albumin associated with urticarial reactions to rabies vaccine.	we examined the antibody response to a rabies vaccine doubly inactivated with 0.025% beta-propiolactone and 0.1% tri(n)butyl phosphate and stabilized with 2.5% human serum albumin. antibodies were measured by using the following four antigen preparations: complete doubly inactivated rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine inactivated only with tri(n)butyl phosphate, beta-propiolactone and human serum albumin, and human serum albumin alone. the fluid phase of the preparation of beta-propiolactone and huma ...	1987	3559291
vaccinia virus recombinants expressing rabiesvirus glycoprotein protect against rabies.	six recombinants of new york board of health (nybh) vaccinia virus containing cdna for challenge virus standard (cvs) rabiesvirus glycoprotein (g) were produced by directing gene insertion into the vaccinia thymidine kinase (tk) locus. to regulate expression of g the promoter p7.5 (functions at early and late times postinfection) from the gene for the vaccinia 7.5 kilodalton (kd) protein was used in two of the recombinants; late promoter p11 of the vaccinia 11 kd protein was used in four recombi ...	1987	3508340
the effect of interferon treatment in rabies prophylaxis in immunocompetent, immunosuppressed, and immunodeficient mice.	the development of rabies is modulated by many interacting factors, most of which are dependent on the host immune response. for this reason, we studied the action of interferon (ifn) treatment on street rabies virus infection in mice, immunocompetent or immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide. in immunocompetent mice, paralysis of hind limbs is the first symptom characteristic of rabies disease before weight loss and general prostration leading to death. paralysis does not occur in immunosuppres ...	1987	3495612
the association of the rabies glycoprotein with liposome (immunosome) induces an in vitro specific release of interleukin 2.	balb/c mice were primed by receiving a unique intraperitoneal injection of rabies virus antigens presented as complete inactivated virus (p.v. strain) or as purified glycoproteins either in the aggregated form or in physical combination with liposomes (i.e., in the form of "immunosomes"). the splenocytes of these mice were restimulated, 6-15 days after priming, in culture with rabies virus antigens, and antigen-specific il-2 production was measured. it was found that rabies antigens presented as ...	1987	3496973
[isolation of the rabies virus and rapid diagnosis of rabies in a continuous culture of neurinoma cells from the rat gasserian ganglion].		1987	3501634
rabies vaccine: traditional and novel approaches.		1987	3078836
evaluation of the single radial-immunodiffusion assay for measuring the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines.	the glycoprotein content of rabies vaccines containing the pitman-moore strain of rabies virus was measured by the single radial immunodiffusion assay and correlated with vaccine potency. the variability of this assay was 6.3% for a single vaccine lot tested over a one-year period. using sera prepared against rabies virus glycoprotein from different strains of virus, the assay gave different values. these differences could be eliminated by using a homologous vaccine strain as an internal referen ...	1987	3104340
the effect of strain differences on the assay of rabies virus glycoprotein by single radial immunodiffusion.	antigenic differences between rabies virus strains used for vaccine manufacture can be demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies. we have shown that these differences are sufficiently large to affect the potency values of vaccines measured in single radial immunodiffusion (srd) assays if the reference and test vaccines are antigenically heterologous. the production of reagents for use in srd assays for each strain of rabies virus should be considered.	1987	3104342
vaccines and antibody immunotherapy in surgical patients.	immunoprophylaxis of infectious complications in surgical patients is currently practiced and is efficacious for disease caused by clostridium tetani, rabies virus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and hepatitis b virus. evidence exists that immunoprophylaxis and treatment of herpes viruses as well as gram-negative pathogens is possible, although extensive clinical testing will be required to establish immunotherapy as a effective clinical treatment modality for the control of disease caused by these a ...	1987	3105341
murine t cell clones directed to rabies virus: isolation and some of their properties.	seventeen thy-1+ cell clones were induced in a/j mice immunized with the hep-flury strain of rabies virus after repeated stimulations with antigens in vitro. ten clones with cell surface phenotypes thy-1+, lyt-1-,2+ were cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) which lysed the virus-infected target cells under h-2 restriction. target cells expressed the g and m2 structural proteins of rabies virus on their surface; however, target lysis by ctl clones was not blocked by anti-rabies antibody or by monoclonal ...	1987	3106564
rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis using intradermal human diploid cell vaccine: immunologic efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a university medical center and a review of selected literature.	the authors studied the antigenicity of intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine administered to 40 laboratory workers considered to be at-risk at the university of virginia medical center. a 1-year postvaccination serology was determined for 20 of those 40, all of whom demonstrated an antirabies titer greater than or equal to 1:50 by the raped fluorescent focus inhibition test. by 2 years' postvaccination, 5 of 40 subjects had "unprotective levels" (less than 1:5), whereas 35 had titers gr ...	1987	3109240
human rabies despite treatment with rabies immune globulin and human diploid cell rabies vaccine--thailand.		1987	3118174
[survival of rabies virus under external conditions].	the survival of the street rabies virus in a 10% suspension, prepared from the salivary gland of a naturally infected fox, was studied under various conditions. a bioassay and titration on mice were used for the identification of the virus in different intervals. the heat inactivation of the virus in a suspension kept in a test tube at the temperatures of 20 degrees c and 37 degrees c was performed in two stages. the rapid reduction of the titre within 24 hours was followed by a slower decrease, ...	1987	3125654
antiviral activity of monoclonal antibodies specific for the internal proteins n and ns of rabies virus.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (n protein) and non-structural (ns) protein of the nucleocapsid were introduced into adherent cells (fibroblasts and neuroblastoma) by the scrape-loading technique. after the cells had reattached to the substrate, they were infected with rabies virus. inhibition of infection was monitored by measuring the intracytoplasmic viral nucleocapsid accumulation with an enzyme immunoassay using anti-n protein rabbit serum and by mea ...	1987	2447223
[isolation of polymeric glycoprotein complexes of enveloped viruses using the quill a glycoside and a study of their immunogenic activity].	specific multimer complexes of glycoproteins of enveloped viruses were prepared by treatment of suspensions of purified concentrated virus with a non-ionic detergent meck mixed with 0.2% glycoside quil a. mixed complexes of glycoproteins with glycoside quil a were formed upon removal of the detergent from the mixture of solubilized glycoproteins and glycoside quil a. according to the results of electron microscopy, the formed complexes differed morphologically from the conventional micelles of g ...	1987	2823481
[the growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures].	the growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus cpva-bn 80/82, mink enteritis virus meva-bn 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus fpva-bn 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line fe, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus cdv-f-bn 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (keb) and cultures of the stable cell line vero. when the fe cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at moi 2-4 tkid50 per cell, the first multiplication ...	1987	2827364
bat rabies in denmark.		1987	2880176
production in vero cells of an inactivated rabies vaccine from strain frv/k for animal and human use.	a new concentrated and purified rabies vaccine was produced in vero cells. two rabies virus strains, the fixed rabies virus pasteur (frv) and pittman moore (pm) were adapted to vero cells by 20 cycles of alternating passages in the brain of weaning mice. intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of weaning mice was followed then by 17 and 20 serial passages in vero cells of rfv and pm strains, respectively. the adapted strains designated as frv/k and pm/k gave titres of 10(6) +/- 1.5 log (ld50/ml for i.c ...	1987	2892381
human anti-idiotypic t lymphocyte clones are activated by autologous anti-rabies virus antibodies presented in association with hla-dq molecules.	the regulatory function of antigen-specific t cells in human antibody responses to protein and carbohydrate determinants of many viral and bacterial antigens has extensively been studied in systems involving in vitro triggering of b cells by antigens or polyclonal activators. although amply documented in experimental murine models, the existence of t helper cells with receptor specificity for idiotypic determinants of b cell immunoglobulins has not been demonstrated in a human system. we are int ...	1987	2908179
serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in alaska, 1975-1982.	serum samples were collected from 116 wolves which were captured in southcentral alaska during 1975 through 1982. antibodies to the following infectious disease agents were found: infectious canine hepatitis virus-72 of 87 (81%), canine parvovirus type 2-0 of 55 (0%) through 1979 and 10 of 32 (31%) after 1979, francisella tularensis-16 of 67 (25%), canine distemper virus-10 of 83 (12%), coxiella burnetti-5 of 95 (5%), rabies virus-1 of 88 (1%), brucella spp.-1 of 67 (1%), leptospira interrogans- ...	1987	3029442
nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone carrying the glycoprotein gene of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus.	the nucleotide sequence of the mrna encoding the glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was determined from a cdna clone containing the entire coding region. the g-protein cdna is 1,609 nucleotides long (excluding the polyadenylic acid) and encodes a protein of 508 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence was compared with that of the glycoprotein of the indiana and new jersey serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus and with the glycoprotein of rabies virus, using a comput ...	1987	3033264
human rabies immunoglobulin assayed by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test suppresses active rabies immunization.	the rabies antibody content of each of ten lots of human rabies immunoglobulin was titrated by both the mouse neutralization test and the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. the two tests did not give comparable results, the antibody titres obtained by the mouse neutralization test being 1.4-9.6 times higher than those obtained by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. this titre difference was associated with a consistently lower antibody response in human volunteers who had received ...	1987	3298263
is there a risk to contacts of patients with rabies?	the number of persons in the united states potentially in contact with rabid humans has increased in recent years because of labor-intensive medical care, longer survival times, and care in two or more hospitals. many of these persons request rabies prophylaxis, and their physicians prescribe it because of their insecurity, a situation that is expensive and often unnecessary. records of the centers for disease control and the literature were reviewed to examine the current practice of prophylaxi ...	1987	3299636
epidemiology of rabies virus variants. differentiation using monoclonal antibodies and discriminant analysis.	rabies virus was isolated by cell culture from the brains of 104 confirmed rabies cases diagnosed by the fluorescent-antibody staining technique in the united states during 1974-1984. eighty-seven isolates were obtained from wild-life species, 10 from humans, and seven from domestic animals. these isolates were tested in virus neutralization and immunofluorescence assays using a panel of 34 monoclonal antibodies specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein, 44 monoclonal antibodies specific fo ...	1987	3300280
serodiagnosis of rabies by dot immunobinding assay.	a dot immunobinding assay that uses inactivated antigen for the detection of rabies viral antibodies was compared with the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. results of testing pre- and postvaccination sera from humans (n = 33) and canines (n = 22) were identical for both tests. endpoint titers of positive sera also were approximately the same by both methods. when a mouse monoclonal antibody was used, the dot immunobinding assay antigen was shown to possess detectable rabies virus glycopr ...	1987	3301890
rabies virus infection: genetic mutations and the impact on viral pathogenicity and immunity.		1987	3304828
comparison of sensitivity of bhk-21 and murine neuroblastoma cells in the isolation of a street strain rabies virus.	the sensitivities of bhk-21 (c-13) and murine neuroblastoma (c-1300; clone na) cells for the isolation of small quantities of a street strain rabies virus were compared. suspensions of brain from mice sacrificed prior to the onset of clinical signs of rabies were used to stimulate weakly positive diagnostic specimens. the results of cell culture isolation were compared with those of the direct fluorescent-antibody test and virus isolation in weanling mice. neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive ...	1987	3305560
molecular and genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of viral infections of the central nervous system.	viral pathogenesis can be defined in terms of a series of successive interactions between a virus and its target host. in order for a virus to injure a target organ such as the central nervous system (cns), it must first enter the host animal, replicate in some primary site near its place of entry, spread from this site to the cns and infect and injure specific populations of cells within the cns. at each of these steps, the virus must avoid or overcome a variety of immunological and nonimmunolo ...	1987	3315238
perspectives on rabies virus pathogenesis.		1987	3320516
microneutralization test for rabies virus based on an enzyme immunoassay.	we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for rabies virus by using acetone-fixed infected cell cultures as the antigen. this test was used to demonstrate virus-neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera and was as sensitive as and easier to perform than the rapid fluorescent-focus inhibition technique.	1987	3323234
[multicenter study of antirabies antibodies in vaccinated subjects: comparison of serologic methods].	polycentric research is performed in three laboratories to value the immunological response in vaccinated persons against rabies. the serological methods were: the immunoenzymatic test with virus of hdcv vaccine (eia-v) and viral glycoprotein purified (eia-p), the neutralizing in vitro test (rffit) and the immunofluorescent indirect test (ifi). the sera of 119 subjects were examined by three laboratories, every performed a different test. it is observed a concordance of 98.3% between rffit and e ...	1987	3327511
[detection of the rabies virus in the brain and salivary glands of animals by using an immunoenzyme method].		1987	3328421
[100 years later...the rabies virus].		1987	3329946
safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine bait containing era strain of attenuated rabies virus.	ninety percent of foxes fed commercial era vaccine in a specially designed bait developed rabies serum neutralizing antibodies. the vaccine bait did not cause clinical signs of rabies when consumed by foxes, raccoons, skunks, dogs, cats, cattle and monkeys. when presented, in the laboratory, to wild rodents of the species microtus, mus musculus and peromyscus, the vaccine baits caused vaccine-induced rabies only in mus musculus. laboratory mice of the cd-1 and cll strain were susceptible to vacc ...	1987	3330965
retrospective evaluation of the immunoreactivity of viral antigens after several years of "formalin" fixation at ambient temperature: a rabies virus-immunoperoxidase model.		1987	3334105
preexposure immunization with intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine. risks and benefits of primary and booster vaccination.	intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine (id hdcv) was licensed for preexposure use in the united states on may 30, 1986. we studied the safety and efficacy of this newly approved route and dose of administration. serologic results were available from 112 (90%) of the 124 persons who participated in an hdcv low-dose preexposure study in which five different id, intramuscular (im), and subcutaneous primary immunization regimens were administered. three 1.0-ml im doses of vaccine resulted in ...	1987	3806894
[rabies in bats in denmark. occurrence, significance and instruction rules].		1987	3603849
persistence of rabies antibody 5 years after pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell antirabies vaccine and antibody response to a single booster dose.	in 1978, 22 staff members of the national institute of virology, pune, india, were given two doses of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine (hdcv) for primary pre-exposure prophylactic immunization; the interval between the two doses being approximately 4 weeks. eighteen of these 22 vaccinees were given a booster dose 1 year later. all 18 vaccinees developed protective levels of antibody; most of them had antibody levels exceeding 10 iu/ml. in 1984, 5 years after the booster dose, 11 (79.0%) of ...	1987	3609177
antibody response after a two-year intradermal booster of rabies human diploid cell vaccine.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally for preexposure booster inoculation. seventy-six volunteers received a 0.1-ml dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine intradermally, approximately 2 years after their primary series. though only 25 (32.9%) had a titer less than 0.5 iu/ml before the booster, all had a postbooster titer of greater than or equal to 4.0 iu/ml 3 weeks later. five of 73 (6.8%) reported a ...	1987	3610792
[veterinary chief inspection of public health. rabies in bats].		1987	3617025
antibody response to suckling mouse brain rabies vaccines for post exposure treatment.	a new suckling mouse brain vaccine (smbv) against rabies, produced by the thai red cross society, was compared with the well established institut pasteur smbv in patients with very low risk rabies contact. the 4 regimens used were the standard daily injections with booster doses of thai red cross vaccine (trcv) and institut pasteur vaccine (ipv), and a reduced dose scheme of 6 injections as used for tissue culture vaccines. the effect of 20 iu/kg of human rabies immune globulin (hrig) was tested ...	1987	3617187
immune sera and antiglycoprotein monoclonal antibodies inhibit in vitro cell-to-cell spread of pathogenic rabies viruses.	although the cell-to-cell spread of many viruses in vitro is inhibited by antibody, the effect of antibody on such spread of rabies viruses is uncertain. thus, we examined the effects of anti-rabies virus immune sera and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the in vitro spread of pathogenic rabies viruses in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. both anti-rabies virus immune sera and neutralizing antiglycoprotein mabs inhibited the cell-to-cell spread of street rabies virus, challenge virus standard, and e ...	1987	3625841
rabies prevention in primary care. a four-step approach.	although most physicians in the united states have not seen a person with rabies, the primary care physician is often confronted with a patient who has been bitten by an animal capable of transmitting rabies virus. rabies is almost always transmitted by a bite; licks and other nonbite exposures hardly ever cause the disease. the control of rabies in domestic animals has greatly reduced the risk of human disease following the bite of a dog or cat, but rabies in wild animals (especially skunks and ...	1987	3628129
immune response in skunks to a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein.	striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein. virus neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus were present at 14 days postvaccination by the following routes: scarification (6/6), intramuscular (4/4) and intestinal (5/8). six out of seven skunks that ate vaccine filled baits had virus neutralizing antibodies at 28 days. when challenged intramuscularly with street virus, the survival rates were 5/7 for the bait-fed gro ...	1987	3651890
a tissue culture infection test in routine rabies diagnosis.	a cell culture infection test was developed for the isolation of rabies virus from field cases submitted for rabies diagnosis. the procedure involved the addition of a suspension of suspect brain tissue to a suspension of murine neuroblastoma cells in 96-well microtiter plates. the cultures were then incubated at 35-36 degrees c for four days at which time they were fixed, stained with a fluorescein-labelled hamster antirabies antibody conjugate and examined with a fluorescence microscope. rabie ...	1987	3651891
immunomodulatory effects of orally-administered saponins and nonspecific resistance against rabies infection.	we present evidence that orally fed quillaja saponins offer nonspecific resistance to mice against rabies viral infection. adoptive transfer of spleen cells and thymocytes from animals preconditioned with saponin (sap), inactivated rabies antigen (ag), or a mixture of ag+sap has offered significant protection against an intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. levels of serum rabies-neutralizing antibodies in the different groups of recipient animals did not correlate with the respective ...	1987	3654000
antigenic variation in rabies and rabies-related viruses: cross-protection independent of glycoprotein-mediated virus-neutralizing antibody.	immunization experiments with vaccines prepared from the pm and era strains of rabies virus demonstrated that in mice, only era vaccine primes for an anamnestic response to the rabies-related strain duvenhage (duv6); in rabbits, both era and pm vaccines induced immunologic memory to duv6 virus. in mice, era vaccine, but not an equal concentration of pm vaccine, conferred protection against a lethal challenge infection with duv6 virus. this result indicated that the protective activity correlated ...	1987	3655404
[central veterinary institute finds rabid bats also in the metropolitan area, twente and the provinces of groningen and friesland].		1987	3660394
an attempt to treat rabies encephalitis in monkeys with intrathecal live rabies virus rv 675. brief report.	a highly attenuated rabies virus, rv 675, proved innocuous but immunogenic when injected intrathecally into monkeys by the lumbar route. attempts to use this virus to modify the course of fatal rabies encephalitis in monkeys were inconclusive possibly because of the brief encephalitic illness. further studies are indicated to investigate rv 675 as a candidate therapeutic agent for rabies encephalitis.	1987	3662827
comparative prevalence of rabies antibodies among household and unclaimed/stray dogs as determined by the immune adherence haemagglutination assay.	the immune adherence haemagglutination assay (iaha), widely used for human viral disease diagnosis, has been adapted for detection of rabies virus antibodies in dog sera. rabies virus antibody titres obtained by the iaha correlated well with those obtained by the currently accepted test for rabies antibody determination, the rapid-fluorescent-focus-inhibition test (rffit). although it is not known if the antibodies detected in iaha test represent neutralizing antibodies against rabies, iaha has ...	1987	3667050
mechanisms of rabies virus neutralization by glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies.	incubation of radiolabeled rabies virus with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) resulted in complete neutralization of the virus but only partial inhibition of virus binding to, and internalization by, bhk cells. several of the neutralizing mabs were capable of preventing infection after virus adsorption to cells; up to 30% of the bound virus was released when cells containing adsorbed virus were incubated with these mabs at 4 degrees, indicating that the release of bound virus accounts o ...	1987	3672933
characterization of a double avirulent mutant of rabies virus and its potency as a vaccine, live or inactivated.	a strain bearing two mutations which abolish the virulence for adult animals after intracerebral or intramuscular inoculation has been constructed from the cvs strain of rabies virus. this apathogenic phenotype is stable after three successive passages of the double mutant in suckling mice brain. trials of vaccination performed on mice in parallel with the double mutant and cvs both inactivated with beta-propiolactone indicate that the mutant is at least as efficient as cvs. this strain has also ...	1987	3673209
[experimental development of the principles for designing an optimal schedule for inoculations with an inactivated cultured rabies vaccine].	immune response was studied experimentally in mice immunized according to 23 different schedules with rabies vaccine in 1:10 and 1:20 dilutions for the elucidation of principles of developing an optimal vaccination schedule. each group consisted of 40 to 50 animals. the most objective, reliable, and strict test, challenge of immunity to street rabies virus inoculated peripherally which is closest to natural conditions, was used as the criterion for the evaluation of immune response. the studies ...	1987	3686985