Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of rotavirus by a latex agglutination test, rotalex: comparison with electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | a commercially available latex agglutination test, rotalex (orion diagnostics, finland), for detecting rotaviruses was evaluated in comparison with four other tests (electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) routinely used in our laboratories. although rotalex was the least complex method, it showed lack of specificity and sensitivity when carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions. four basic modifications o ... | 1985 | 2989342 |
| the etiology of diarrhoea studied in the community in young urban gambian children. | in a community-based longitudinal study of 126 urban gambian children from birth to 2 years, bacterial and/or viral pathogens were identified significantly more often in diarrheal episodes studied (27.5%) than during control periods (19.0%), (p0.001). rotavirus and st-toxigenic escherichia coli emerged as the most frequently-occurring pathogens in symptomatic children. campylobacter species, accounting for nearly 1/3 of all pathogens, isolated, occurred more frequently during control periods, ... | 1985 | 2989356 |
| rotavirus prevalence and relationships with climatological factors in gabon, africa. | a one-year study of rotavirus prevalence was carried out using electron microscopy in gabon, equatorial africa. one hundred fifty-six nonhospitalized diarrheic children up to 10 years of age and 115 age-matched controls were investigated together with diarrheic adults and children over 10 years of age. rotaviruses were observed only in diarrheic children under 10 years of age (10.2%). rotaviruses were more prevalent in the dry-season months (19.2% versus 1.3%, p less than .001). rotaviruses were ... | 1985 | 2989420 |
| analysis of the terminal sequences of the genome segments of four orbiviruses. | the rna sequences of the terminal regions of the genome segments of 4 different orbiviruses were analysed. in 3 of these [bluetongue virus (btv) types 1 and 20 and ibaraki virus, a member of the epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) serogroup], 1 strand of all of the genome segments analysed ends in 3'caauuu...5' while the other strand ends in 3'cauuca...5'. these conserved sequences are identical to those reported for btv types 10 and 11. the 3' terminal sequences of segments 3 and 10 of the btv ... | 1985 | 2989875 |
| pathology of natural rotavirus infection in clinically normal calves. | during a longitudinal study of the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in a calf rearing unit, excretion of virus in faeces was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 40 of 48 (83 per cent) unweaned calves aged between three days and five weeks. fifty per cent of the infected calves had no clinical signs of disease. enterocytes containing rotavirus antigen and intestinal lesions were found in all of 12 clinically normal calves selected for necropsy between days 1 and 4 of virus excreti ... | 1985 | 2989988 |
| evaluation of two commercial kits for rapid detection of human rotavirus in feces: rotalex, a latex agglutination test and rotavirus elisa kit. | 96 fecal specimens from children with symptoms of gastroenteritis were tested with a latex agglutination test (rotalex, orion diagnostica, finland) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (rotavirus elisa kit, dakopatts, copenhagen, denmark). using the elisa method as reference, the latex agglutination (lx) came out with three non-specific and two false negative results. the lx test was found to be a rapid, practical and non-expensive choice for a laboratory examinating few samples daily. | 1985 | 2990155 |
| risk factors for fatal childhood diarrhea: a case-control study from two remote panamanian islands. | between september 1979 and march 1980, distinguishing features between fatal and nonfatal cases of diarrhea caused by the same etiologic agents were sought in a case-control investigation of cuna indian children living on the san blas islands located off panama's caribbean coast. the eight fatal cases of diarrhea (four associated with rotavirus, one with giardia lamblia, and three without identifiable pathogens), which occurred in a cohort of 186 children aged less than five years who were follo ... | 1985 | 2990200 |
| prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. speculations on the next 10 years. | the next decade should explode with exciting schemes and novel agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea. the development of oral, nonabsorbed antibiotics will continue, but new antidiarrheal drugs, such as gastrointestinal hormone analogues and alpha-adrenergic agonists, will be added to our therapeutic armamentarium. improved oral rehydration solutions, such as glycine in electrolyte solution, promise to revolutionize the management of diarrhea by diminishing diarrheal sto ... | 1985 | 2990207 |
| uv inactivation of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. | survival was measured as a function of the dose of germicidal uv light for the bacteria escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella sonnei, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis spores, the enteric viruses poliovirus type 1 and simian rotavirus sa11, the cysts of the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii, as well as for total coliforms and standard plate count microorganisms from secondary effluent. the doses of uv light necessary for a 99.9% inactivation of the cult ... | 1985 | 2990336 |
| two modes of human rotavirus entry into ma 104 cells. | entry of the kun strain of human rotavirus into ma 104 cells was studied by electron microscopy. virus particles attached to the cell membrane appeared to be almost exclusively double-shelled virions. these attached virions followed two distinct pathways into the cytoplasm depending on pretreatment with trypsin. using infectious rotavirus which had been pretreated with trypsin, the viral nucleoids passed directly into the cytoplasm within 5 minutes after inoculation, through dissolution of the v ... | 1985 | 2990387 |
| laboratory evidence of viral and selected nonviral infections in humans in canada, 1984. | 1985 | 2990651 | |
| [sero-epidemiologic study of rotavirus infection]. | 1985 | 2990719 | |
| rotavirus concentration from raw water using positively charged filters. | positively charged (pc) zeta plus (30 s) filters and talc-celite (tc) layers were tested for their ability to concentrate human rotavirus (strain wa) from seeded samples of raw water (rw), collected from the ottawa river. in the tc technique, the rw sample was preconditioned by adding earle's balanced salt solution (1:100) and reducing the ph to 6.0 before passing it through the tc layer. almost 6% of the input virus was lost in the filtrate. using 1 x tryptose phosphate broth (tpb) at ph 9.0 as ... | 1985 | 2991314 |
| asymptomatic rotavirus infections in day care centers. | rotaviruses and other enteropathogenic agents were detected in 288 (42.1%) of 684 children in day care centers of instituto politecnico nacional in mexico city. the same agents were also found in 114 (37.7%) of 302 adults directly involved in the care of the children. the study was carried out from july to december 1982 and from july 1983 to february 1984. rotaviruses were the main enteropathogenic agents found and were detected in 169 (29.9%) of 564 children without diarrhea and in 34 (28.3%) o ... | 1985 | 2991328 |
| rotavirus antibodies in the mother and her breast-fed infant. | the transfer of rotavirus antibodies from 25 healthy mothers to their breast-fed infants was investigated during the period of lactation (mean, 3.9 months; range, 1-9 months). furthermore, the destiny of these antibodies in the infants' gastrointestinal tract and serum was examined. rotavirus-specific immunoglobulins were analyzed by the elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. all the mothers had rotavirus iga and igg in serum. about 80% of the mothers had low concentrations of rota ... | 1985 | 2991489 |
| morphological response of human rotavirus to ultra-violet radiation, heat and disinfectants. | the morphological damage induced in human rotavirus particles by exposure to ultraviolet (uv) radiation at a wavelength of 254 nm increased progressively with length of treatment. exposure of the virus in suspension to 9000 ergs/cm2/s was sufficient to remove the smooth capsid layer from 50% of particles after 1 min and from all the virions within 10 min. by this time, the number of stain-penetrated or empty particles increased markedly, along with the appearance of virus-derived debris in the f ... | 1985 | 2991524 |
| diagnosis of rotavirus infection with cloned cdna copies of viral genome segments. | the diagnostic potential of cloned cdna copies of human rotavirus (strain wa) genome segments for the detection of rotavirus in clinical specimens has been determined. a hybridization assay in which a mixture of 32p-labeled cdnas representing the 11 rotavirus segments was used as a probe compared favorably with three frequently used diagnostic tests for rotavirus in terms of both specificity and sensitivity. significantly, clinical isolates could be readily distinguished when cloned cdna copies ... | 1985 | 2991576 |
| [rotavirus infections in newborn infants]. | 1985 | 2991715 | |
| [familial cumulation of the incidence of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus]. | 1985 | 2991837 | |
| preliminary evaluation of the elisa as a tool for the detection of rotaviruses in activated sewage sludge. | samples of activated sludge were taken in three different treatment plants near nancy (france) and in west berlin (f.r.g.), and were investigated for their content of rotaviruses. after elution with beef extract (0.25%, ph 7.3) and ultrasonication, the samples were concentrated by protamine flocculation and, in a few cases, in parallel by ultracentrifugation. a commercially available elisa test kit (rotazyme, abbott diagnostics) was routinely used for rotavirus detection. although both the rotaz ... | 1985 | 2992191 |
| isolation and characterization of avian rotaviruses. | rotaviruses were isolated from intestinal contents obtained from flocks of turkey poults and pheasant poults with diarrhea and from different age groups of chickens showing various signs of intestinal disorders. the incorporation of 5 micrograms trypsin/ml in the inoculum and medium was essential for virus isolation in chicken kidney cells. all isolates were identified as rotaviruses by fluorescent-antibody technique using a national institutes of health reference rotavirus antiserum against hum ... | 1985 | 2992440 |
| detection of rotavirus-specific igg antibodies by immunoperoxidase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (ipa) has been developed for determination of igg antibodies to rotavirus. the technique employed as antigen, sa-11 infected ma 104 cells, which were air-dried on glass slides and acetone-fixed. in parallel, rota-specific igg antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). specific igg antibodies to rotavirus were determined in sera of healthy children and in sera of patients suffering from gastroenteritis. a good correlation (r = 0.92) ... | 1985 | 2993335 |
| quantitative microcomplement fixation tests using chicken anti-viral antibody extracted from egg yolk. | yolk immunoglobulins obtained from hens immunized with human rotavirus and two plant virus antigens were used in quantitative microcomplement fixation tests. difficulties inherent in the use of avian complement were overcome by utilizing a mixture of the c1 component of chicken complement and guinea-pig complement devoid of its own c1. the method is suitable for detecting small quantities of viral antigen and antibody and for detecting antigenic activity present on peptide fragments of viral pro ... | 1985 | 2993337 |
| specific enzyme-linked immunoassay for rotavirus serotypes 1 and 3. | we prepared monoclonal antibodies against two serotypically distinct rotavirus strains: wa, a serotype 1 virus of human origin, and rhesus rotavirus, a simian serotype 3 virus. monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with vp7 of each serotype were identified by hemagglutination inhibition tests, plaque reduction neutralization studies, and solid-phase immunoassays which used wild-type and reassortant strains of rotavirus. an enzyme-linked immunoassay was designed which utilizes two of the ... | 1985 | 2993354 |
| coliform numbers in the stomach and small intestine of healthy pigs following weaning at three weeks of age. | in 60 weaned and 52 unweaned pigs, aged between 21 and 32 days, the number of coliform organisms in the gastric contents was found to be related to their ph value. the contents were generally more acidic in the weaned animals and contained fewer coliforms. haemolytic coliform organisms were never identified among selected isolates examined from the gastric contents although in weaned animals the haemolytic enterotoxigenic escherichia coli serotype 0149: k91, k88a,c (abbotstown strain) was common ... | 1985 | 2993375 |
| detection of rotaviruses by nucleic acid hybridization with cloned dna of simian rotavirus sa11 genes. | we developed a dot-blot hybridization assay to detect rotaviral rna sequences in tissue culture or in clinical samples. 32p-labeled cloned cdna probes of the simian rotavirus sa11 specifically detected rotaviral rna sequences and were more sensitive for detecting sa11 than was the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay rotazyme test. a full-length probe of sa11 gene 6 detected 2.5 x 10(5) sa11 particles or approximately 0.27 ng of purified sa11 dsrna. combined probes from genes 6 and 9 det ... | 1985 | 2993434 |
| anamnestic response in fecal iga antibody production after rotaviral infection of infants. | 1985 | 2993437 | |
| rotavirus in children. | 1985 | 2993448 | |
| comparison of the rotazyme assay with an avidin-biotin-amplified dot-immunobinding assay for detecting rotaviruses. | 1985 | 2993449 | |
| biochemical evidence for the oligomeric (possibly trimeric) structure of the major inner capsid polypeptide (45k) of rotaviruses. | the major structural polypeptide of rotaviruses is p45k (vp6), which forms the morphological subunit of the inner capsid. such subunits show a trimeric structure when examined with the electron microscope. treatment of single-capsid rotavirus particles with 1.5 m-cacl2 removes p45k, resulting in the generation of smooth cores. sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis of the removed p45k revealed that it has a sedimentation coefficient close to 7.3s, compatible with an oligomeric (possibl ... | 1985 | 2993480 |
| demonstration of an immunodominant neutralization site by analysis of antigenic variants of sa11 rotavirus. | serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to select mutants of sa11 rotavirus that were resistant to neutralization. the antigenic characteristics of these mutants were studied with with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. we isolated one type of mutant which showed a dramatic increase (greater than 10-fold) in resistance to neutralization by hyperimmune antiserum, and this together with other data indicates the presence on the rotavirus major outer shell glycoprotein of an immunodominant ... | 1985 | 2993661 |
| transfer of antibodies against viruses of calf diarrhea from cows to their offspring via colostrum. | 1985 | 2993725 | |
| a case of neonatal calf diarrhea associated with natural infection with rotavirus. | 1985 | 2993726 | |
| nosocomial rotavirus infections in a south african hospital nursery for white infants. | rotavirus infections in a nursery ward for newborn white infants in south africa do not apparently differ from those encountered in other temperate countries. neonates began to excrete rotavirus as early as 2 days after birth; a peak incidence of excretion occurred during the winter months. after a period of 4 years the incidence of excretion remained virtually unchanged. rotaviruses also colonized and spread very rapidly in a newly commissioned nursery ward, possibly via respiratory infections. ... | 1985 | 2994244 |
| coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease. epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations. | coronaviruslike particles (cvlps) were visualized by direct electron microscopy (em) of diarrheal stools in 49 of 126 infants and children between 1 month and 12 years of age during a three-year observation period. the clinical and epidemiologic features of these patients were analyzed and compared with patients with diarrhea who were shedding rotaviruses, or whose stools were negative for enteric viruses by em. seasonal and age distributions for cvlp shedding were similar to those for rotavirus ... | 1985 | 2994465 |
| fecal rotaviruses, adenoviruses, coronavirus-like particles, and small round viruses in a cohort of rural costa rican children. | excretion patterns of fecal viruses were studied in a cohort of 51 rural costa rican children. the presence of rotavirus, adenovirus, coronavirus-like particles, and small round viruses was investigated by electron microscopy (em) in 2,516 extracts of weekly fecal specimens. rotavirus was in addition studied with elisa. the incidence of diarrhea was 0.7 episodes per child-year. rotavirus was the most common virus (0.53 infection/child-year), followed by adenovirus (0.46 infection/child-year), an ... | 1985 | 2994501 |
| [detection of rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. | 1985 | 2994855 | |
| [initial experiences in the treatment of virus-induced diarrheas in calves with interferon produced by genetic engineering]. | 1985 | 2994981 | |
| processing of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane glycoproteins of rotavirus sa11. | the synthesis and oligosaccharide processing of the glycoproteins of sa11 rotavirus in infected ma104 cells was examined. rotavirus assembles in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer) and encodes two glycoproteins: vp7, a component of the outer viral capsid, and ncvp5, a nonstructural protein. a variety of evidence suggests the molecules are limited to the er, a location consistent with the high mannose n-linked oligosaccharides modifying these proteins. vp7 and ncvp5 were shown to be integral me ... | 1985 | 2995404 |
| examination of the rotazyme ii enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis. | rotazyme ii, which is a shorter version of rotazyme (less than 3 h), was compared with electron microscopy and rotazyme for sensitivity and specificity on 229 human stool specimens. compared with electron microscopy, the newer assay was found to be 99.4% sensitive and 97.3% specific for an overall agreement of 98.7%. after resolution of discordant results by blocking tests, the rotazyme ii enzyme immunoassay was shown to be more sensitive than electron microscopy and, therefore, 100% specific. | 1985 | 2995441 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in a prospectively monitored american indian population. | rotaviral diarrhea is endemic in most areas of the world, yet community-wide epidemics have not been reported in prospectively monitored populations. this prospective study of the etiology of diarrhea included biweekly visits to the homes of 10% of the population of the white mountain apache indians and began in april 1981. during a three-week period beginning 21 october, 1981, 342 new cases of diarrhea were identified on different parts of the reservation. rotaviral antigen, detected by an enzy ... | 1985 | 2995503 |
| enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for the detection of rotavirus in stool specimens. | 1985 | 2995504 | |
| relative frequency of human rotavirus subgroups 1 and 2 in japanese children with acute gastroenteritis. | recently developed monoclonal antibodies against the 42,000-dalton major inner capsid protein were used in an enzyme immunoassay to subgroup a total of 156 rotavirus specimens obtained from japanese infants and young children with acute gastroenteritis during the period between december 1981 and april 1983. only 2 specimens (1.3%) were identified as subgroup 1, whereas 154 specimens (98.7%) were identified as subgroup 2. the percentage of subgroup 2 rotaviruses obtained in this study was the hig ... | 1985 | 2995570 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. i. epidemiology and pathogens. | we conducted a 2-year prospective study of diarrheal illness in children ages 0 to 36 months in 22 day care centers in maricopa county, arizona. in 7464 child-months of observation, 465 sporadic cases and 170 outbreak-associated cases of diarrhea were identified. enteric pathogens were identified in 20% of diarrhea episodes. giardia lamblia, rotavirus, and campylobacter jejuni were the most common pathogens. giardia was significantly more common in toddlers than in infants and was found in 19% o ... | 1985 | 2995628 |
| diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers. ii. comparison with day care homes and households. | during the second year of a prospective study of diarrheal illness among 0- to 36-month-old children in day care centers in maricopa county, arizona, we concurrently studied children of the same age in 30 day care homes and 102 households not using day care. the seasonal pattern of diarrhea, frequency of pathogen isolation, and relative frequency of individual pathogens were similar in the three settings. giardia lamblia and rotavirus were the most common enteropathogens. asymptomatic infection ... | 1985 | 2995629 |
| fecal adenoviruses from a longitudinal study of families in metropolitan washington, d.c.: laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic observations. | during a 29-month period, we studied enteric infection in 70 families from a pediatric practice in suburban washington, d.c. fecal adenoviruses were detected in stools of 18 patients by tissue culture and electron microscopic procedures. from 6 through 11 months of age, the incidence of fecal adenoviruses associated with enteritis was seven per 100, and of confirmed enteric adenoviruses (eads), three per 100 individuals per year. all eads belonged to subgenus g (type 41). all three patients with ... | 1985 | 2995630 |
| characterization of canine rotavirus rs 15 strain and comparison with other rotaviruses. | 1985 | 2995714 | |
| inactivation of norwalk virus in drinking water by chlorine. | norwalk virus in water was found to be more resistant to chlorine inactivation than poliovirus type 1 (lsc2ab), human rotavirus (wa), simian rotavirus (sa11), or f2 bacteriophage. a 3.75 mg/liter dose of chlorine was found to be effective against other viruses but failed to inactivate norwalk virus. the norwalk virus inoculum remained infectious for five of eight volunteers, despite the initial presence of free residual chlorine. infectivity in volunteers was demonstrated by seroconversion to no ... | 1985 | 2996421 |
| membrane-associated viral complexes observed in stools and cell culture. | viral complexes observed to be membrane associated rather than clumped by antibody were detected in a rotavirus-containing stool specimen by negative-stain electron microscopy. these "viral packets" were also observed in cell culture fluids after repeated passaging and contained up to 100 virions. other stool specimens have been observed to contain similar packets of parvovirus-like particles. such complexes must be expected in fecally contaminated water. | 1985 | 2996424 |
| rotavirus & bacterial enteropathogens in acute diarrhoeas of young children in bangalore. | 1985 | 2997035 | |
| detection and quantitation of rotavirus using monoclonal antibody coupled red blood cells: comparison with elisa. | a total of 125 faecal extracts from infants were tested by reverse passive haemagglutination (rph) using red cells coated with a monoclonal antibody against the major group-specific rotavirus antigen (vp 6). results were compared with those obtained using a rabbit anti-rotavirus capture, guinea pig anti-rotavirus detector-based elisa. the specificity of the assay was confirmed by use of 'normal' immunoglobulin coupled red cells and by inhibition with rabbit antiserum. the antibody-coated red cel ... | 1985 | 2997254 |
| comparative efficiency of commercial immunoassays for the diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis during the course of infection. | we evaluated the performance characteristics of three commercially available immunoassays for the detection of rotavirus antigens in stool samples obtained from infants during the course of rotavirus gastroenteritis. two of the assays, bio-enzabead (litton bionetics, charleston, s.c.) and rotazyme (abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill.), are enzyme immunoassays, while the third, rotalex (medical technology corporation, somerset, n.j.), is a latex agglutination assay. we tested a total of 122 ... | 1985 | 2997267 |
| enzyme immunoassay inhibition assay for the detection of rat rotavirus-like agent in intestinal and fecal specimens obtained from diarrheic rats and humans. | an enzyme immunoassay inhibition assay was developed to detect rat rotavirus-like agent (rvla) or antigenically related viruses in intestinal washings and homogenates obtained from diarrheic rats and in fecal specimens obtained from diarrheic humans. in this assay, rvla antigens in a test sample inhibited the binding of a biotin-labeled anti-rat rvla antibody preparation to rat rvla antigens bound to the solid phase. intestinal washings and homogenates obtained 1 day after rvla infection of suck ... | 1985 | 2997268 |
| rapid diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis by a commercial latex agglutination test. | the rotalex test, a commercial latex agglutination test for rotavirus, was compared with direct electron microscopy (em) and the rotazyme test i, a commercial enzyme immunoassay, for detection of rotavirus in stools of children and neonates. for initial stool specimens from 265 children (less than 3 years old) with diarrhea, the rotalex test had a sensitivity of 81.7% and specificity of 99.5% compared with em results. positive and negative predictive values were 98 and 94.9%, respectively. the r ... | 1985 | 2997272 |
| detection of norwalk virus in stools by enzyme immunoassay. | the development of a solid-phase microtiter enzyme immunoassay (eia) for detection of norwalk virus antigen in stool samples is described. the eia was compared with a previously developed radioimmunoassay (ria) for detection of norwalk virus antigen in stools obtained from 30 volunteers who received norwalk virus. the eia detected viral antigen in stools from 17 of the volunteers and the ria detected viral antigen in 15. seroconversion was a more sensitive indicator of infection in some patients ... | 1985 | 2997382 |
| genetic relatedness among human rotaviruses. | the genetic relatedness of 81 clinical rotavirus isolates to the human rotavirus prototype strains wa (subgroup 2, serotype 1) and ds-1 (subgroup 1, serotype 2) was examined by rna hybridization techniques. labeled single-stranded (+) transcripts of wa or ds-1 virus were incubated with denatured genomic rotaviral rnas, and the resulting hybrids were subjected to gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. nineteen of the specimens contained subgroup 1 rotavirus with a "short" rna migration pattern. ... | 1985 | 2997383 |
| detection of rotavirus in faecal specimens by enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination and electron microscopy. | faecal specimens from 570 patients with gastroenteritis were studied for rotaviruses by enzyme immunoassay (eia), electron microscopy (em) and latex agglutination test (lx). specimens from 127 patients were positive and 379 were negative with all 3 methods. 64 (11%) specimens gave contradictory results in the tests. eia gave significantly more positive results than em (168 vs 145). 30 em-negative and eia-positive specimens were positive in a confirmatory test. lx was positive in 161 specimens an ... | 1985 | 2997909 |
| assignment of simian rotavirus sa11 temperature-sensitive mutant groups b and e to genome segments. | recombinant (reassortant) viruses were selected from crosses between temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of simian rotavirus sa11 and wild-type human rotavirus wa. the double-stranded genome rnas of the reassortants were examined by electrophoresis in tris-glycine-buffered polyacrylamide gels and by dot hybridization with a cloned dna probe for genome segment 2. analysis of replacements of genome segments in the reassortants allowed construction of a map correlating genome segments providing func ... | 1985 | 2998007 |
| genome rearrangements of bovine rotavirus after serial passage at high multiplicity of infection. | after serial passage at high multiplicity of infection of standard bovine rotavirus in ma104 cells, different genome rearrangements occurred in which segment 5 was lost from the rna profile and distinct additional bands of double-stranded (ds) rna were found in positions on gels between segments 1 and 6. it was shown that some of the additional rna bands contained segment 5-specific sequences. the additional rna bands were transcribed in vitro to apparent full length. analysis of the proteins sy ... | 1985 | 2998015 |
| primary structure of the cleavage site associated with trypsin enhancement of rotavirus sa11 infectivity. | the primary structure of the trypsin cleavage site in the outer layer protein vp3 of rotavirus sa11 was determined. this cleavage enhances the infectivity of rotavirus sa11. both vp8, one of the polypeptides generated by the cleavage, and vp3 had their alpha-nh2 blocked. only vp5, the other polypeptide produced by the cleavage, was susceptible to sequential edman degradation, indicating that it contained the new alpha-nh2 terminus generated by trypsin hydrolysis. the results indicated that purif ... | 1985 | 2998038 |
| structural homologies between rna gene segments 10 and 11 from uk bovine, simian sa11, and human wa rotaviruses. | the nucleotide sequences of gene segments 10 and 11 from uk bovine rotavirus have been determined. gene 10 is 751 nucleotides long and contains a single long open reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 175 amino acids. when compared with the published data for gene 10 of the simian rotavirus sa11 and human wa strains it was found to be more closely related to the sa11 structure (92% nucleotide sequence homology; 97% amino acid sequence homology) than to the human wa structure (84% nucl ... | 1985 | 2998051 |
| [procedures for enhancing the sensitivity of the counterimmunoelectro-osmophoresis method in diagnosing viral infections]. | 1985 | 2998097 | |
| vaccination against enteric rota and coronaviruses in cattle and pigs: enhancement of lactogenic immunity. | passive immunity against enteric viral infections is dependent upon the continual presence in the gut lumen of a protective level of specific antibodies. this article examines methods currently used to enhance the titre and duration of specific antibody in the mammary secretions of cows and pigs, with particular reference to rotavirus and coronavirus infections. in addition, some of the potential problems to be found in attempting to produce vaccines against these viral infections are outlined. | 1985 | 2998111 |
| etiologic studies of the 1983 and 1984 outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea in guangxi. | studies are reported on two outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea in china involving 19,007 patients. the first outbreak occurred in the northern part of the guangxi autonomous region and extended south from april through september 1983. in june 1984 a second outbreak of 6,570 cases occurred in guanyang, a county in the northern part of guangxi. 125 fecal samples from the two outbreaks were cultured for bacteria; all of the samples except one were negative. rotavirus particles were detected in 44.1% (1 ... | 1985 | 2999028 |
| deletions into an nh2-terminal hydrophobic domain result in secretion of rotavirus vp7, a resident endoplasmic reticulum membrane glycoprotein. | rotavirus, a non-enveloped reovirus, buds into the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transiently acquires a membrane. the structural glycoprotein, vp7, a 38-kd integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (er), presumably transfers to virus in this process. the gene for vp7 potentially encodes a protein of 326 amino acids which has two tandem hydrophobic domains at the nh2-terminal, each preceded by an in-frame atg codon. a series of deletion mutants constructed from a full-length cdna c ... | 1985 | 2999159 |
| rna genome electrophoretic analysis of rotavirus from feces of epidemic adult diarrhoea occurring in shandong province, china. | 1985 | 2999216 | |
| clinical and biochemical aspects of bovine rotavirus infection in iraq. | 1985 | 2999218 | |
| low endemicity and low pathogenicity of rotaviruses among rural children in costa rica. | rotaviruses were prospectively studied in 51 rural costa rican children from birth to two years. samples of feces were collected weekly over a 33-month period. rotavirus was detected in 45 (1.04%) of 4,317 fecal specimens; 39 infections were documented (an incidence of 0.5 infection per child-year), only five of which were associated with diarrhea (a pathogenicity of 12.8%). secretory antibody in fecal extracts, detected in six of 39 infections, was short lived and did not protect against reinfe ... | 1985 | 2999252 |
| characterization of serotypes of human rotavirus strains by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. | serotyping of human rotaviruses (hrvs) by neutralization requires the previous adaptation of strains to growth in cell cultures, which is often unsuccessful. by using the solid-phase immune electron microscopy (spiem) technique with protein a and type-specific, cross-adsorbed, polyclonal immune sera, we divided 40 previously typed culture-adapted strains into the same four serotypes distinguished by neutralization, but hrv strains could also be typed directly on stool extracts. of 171 hrv strain ... | 1985 | 2999253 |
| maternal antibody-mediated protection against gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in newborn mice is dependent on both serotype and titer of antibody. | in order to evaluate the role of passively acquired, rotavirus-specific antibodies in protection against diarrhea, we inoculated mouse dams with rotaviruses of various serotypes, and their newborns were orally challenged with a primate rotavirus (simian sa-11). dams were immunized by using a regimen that included repeated inoculations administered either orally or intraperitoneally with adjuvant. the serum antibody response detected in dams by radioimmunoassay and plaque-reduction neutralization ... | 1985 | 2999254 |
| rotaviruses and immunobiologic failures. | 1985 | 2999266 | |
| reassortment of human rotaviruses carrying rearranged genomes with bovine rotavirus. | rotaviruses isolated from chronically infected immunodeficient children were previously shown to contain rna yielding abnormal migration profiles on gels: normal rna segments were lost or decreased in concentration, and additional bands of dsrna were found which were derived (rearranged) from genome segments of lower molecular weight by concatemer formation. these viruses grew very slowly during passage in secondary rhesus monkey kidney cells. upon superinfection with the tissue culture-adapted ... | 1985 | 2999313 |
| release of progeny virus from cells infected with simian rotavirus sa11. | analysis of cells infected with simian rotavirus sa11 at late times of infection indicated that the particles were associated with membranes and the cytoskeleton. although a large amount of cellular and non-structural viral proteins were released at these times, probably by cellular lysis, only virus with an outer layer was found outside the cells, while virus without an outer layer remained associated with the cells, probably with membranes and the cytoskeleton. inhibition of glycosylation by t ... | 1985 | 2999314 |
| rapid inactivation of rotaviruses by exposure to acid buffer or acidic gastric juice. | inactivation rates of three bovine and several primate-origin rotaviruses were determined during exposure to acid buffers at ph 2.0, ph 3.0 or ph 4.0. each rotavirus was inactivated at ph 2.0 (the acidity most resembling the normal fasting stomach) very rapidly, with half-lives for infectivity determined to be 1 min or less. each rotavirus was inactivated at a much slower rate at ph 3.0; inactivation at ph 4.0 was minimal. no remarkable differences in acid resistance between different rotavirus ... | 1985 | 2999315 |
| isolation of feline rotaviruses and their relationship to human and simian isolates by electropherotype and serotype. | rotaviruses were detected by electron microscopy in the faecal specimens of six clinically well cats and virus was subsequently isolated from four of them. analysis of the rna of the isolates showed the existence of three electrophoretic types characteristic of the 'long' rna electrophoretic pattern exhibited by rotaviruses. all feline isolates were neutralized only by antiserum to sa11 rotavirus, indicating that these isolates were serotype 3 rotaviruses. antiserum prepared against a feline str ... | 1985 | 2999316 |
| effect of hypertonic conditions on protein synthesis in ma104 cells infected with human rotavirus. | when a high nacl concentration was used to decrease selectively the synthesis of cell proteins, the synthesis of most cellular polypeptides was greatly diminished relative to human rotavirus proteins. thus, in the presence of 150 mm excess nacl, 11 viral polypeptides were clearly identified. however, hypertonic conditions also reduced viral protein synthesis to a different extent with individual proteins. no significant changes in viral protein synthesis occurred during incubation under the hype ... | 1985 | 2999574 |
| electron microscopic findings in faeces from children with gastroenteritis. | a total of 788 faecal samples from children in the wellington region with symptoms of gastroenteritis were examined by immune electron microscopy. virus was seen in 211 specimens; 87% of these were from infants less than three years of age. a viral diagnosis was made in 27% of cases consisting of rotaviruses (19%), adenoviruses (5%), and small round viruses (3%). both rotaviruses and adenoviruses were most prevalent during the winter months, while the small round viruses peaked in summer and win ... | 1985 | 2999658 |
| a human atypical rotavirus found in an ecuador infant with diarrhea. | one strain of atypical rotavirus, morphologically indistinguishable from known rotaviruses but lacking the common group antigen of typical rotavirus detectable by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), was isolated from one of 152 ecuadorian infants with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. the genome analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a unique rna pattern clearly distinct from that of typical rotaviruses. | 1985 | 3000025 |
| rotazyme assay in neonates without diarrhea. results of screening survey and preliminary analysis of false positive specimens. | one hundred forty-seven stool specimens from 93 infants younger than four months of age in a neonatal intensive care unit were tested for rotavirus by the rotazyme elisa method (abbott laboratories, north chicago, il). none of the infants had diarrhea at the time of the testing. ten of 147 (6.8%) specimens were either low or suspect positive. none had rotavirus by electron microscopy. excluding the suspect positives, which were negative on retesting, the false positive rate was only 6 of 147 (4. ... | 1985 | 3000163 |
| enteric viruses in diarrheic turkey poults. | thirty-three intestinal samples from 10-to-21-day-old diarrheic turkey poults were examined for the presence of enteric viruses by electron microscopy. samples originated from 32 flocks in six commercial operations located in six states. mortality in these flocks ranged from 3 to 15%, and birds from recovered flocks varied greatly in size. rotavirus-like agents (rvla) were the most common viruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks in the flocks examined, occurring in five out of six operations. ... | 1985 | 3000337 |
| [pathogenesis and immunology of virus-induced neonatal diarrhea]. | 1985 | 3000346 | |
| three-year survey of the epidemiology of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and some small spherical viruses including "osaka-agent" associated with infantile diarrhea. | studies were made by electron microscopy (em) on the viruses associated with diarrhea of outpatients at a pediatric clinic in osaka prefecture during the three year period from 1980 through 1982. the viruses detected by em by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid (pta) were classified morphologically into 6 groups: rotavirus, adenovirus and four kinds of small spherical viruses, calicivirus, astrovirus, picornavirus/parvovirus (p/p)-like agent and osaka-agent. osaka-agent seems to be a new ... | 1985 | 3000350 |
| a prospective etiological and clinical study on gastroenteritis in italian children. | stool cultures of 188 children hospitalized for gastroenteritis in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded salmonella in 25.5%, campylobacter in 16.0%, and y. enterocolitica in 3.7% of cases. rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. out of 82 lactose-positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one e. coli and two klebsiella) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two e. coli strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an hep-2 in vitro model); two other e. coli strains possessed adhesive prop ... | 1985 | 3000404 |
| rotaviral and coronaviral diarrhea. | a number of different viruses can be primary pathogens in the neonatal calf diarrhea complex. by far the most common viruses causing calfhood diarrhea found throughout the world are rotaviruses and coronaviruses. primary infection of newborn calves with either one of these viruses can cause severe intestinal alterations and diarrhea. rotaviruses can produce high-morbidity outbreaks of diarrhea in calves under 10 days of age. morality is variable mainly owing to secondary bacterial infections and ... | 1985 | 3000544 |
| effect of relative humidity, atmospheric temperature, and suspending medium on the airborne survival of human rotavirus. | the wa strain of human rotavirus, grown in ma-104 cells, was suspended either in tryptose phosphate broth or feces from a case of rotaviral diarrhea. it was then aerosolized into a rotating drum using a collison nebulizer. the drum air was sampled using an all-glass impinger containing tryptose phosphate broth as collecting fluid. at 20 +/- 1 degree c, the virus aerosolized from tryptose phosphate broth was found to survive best at 50 +/- 5% relative humidity, where its half-life was 44.2 +/- 6. ... | 1985 | 3000566 |
| [biochemical study of rotavirus strains isolated in new caledonia between 1980 and 1983. electrophoretypes]. | between 1980 and 1983, 150 rotavirus strains have been identified by elisa test. rna was extracted from 90 strains. we used a very simple and rapid extraction technique. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis permits the separation of double stranded rna segments. the system of classification we retained, allows to recognize 8 classes of electrophoretypes. this study confirms the great variability of human rotaviruses. | 1985 | 3000639 |
| [epidemiology, etiology and laboratory diagnosis of infectious diarrhea diseases in the tropics]. | diarrhoeal diseases belong to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries, especially in infants and small children. about one billion episodes are estimated for this group of age with 4.6 million fatalities. many causes are discussed to explain the high incidence: bottle feeding of infants, protein malnutrition, unsafe drinking water and unsafe disposal of excrements and sewage, unsufficient consciousness of personal and domestic hygiene, lack of knowledge on the origin ... | 1985 | 3000920 |
| development of a sensitive protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy method for detecting viral antigens in fluid specimens. | protein a-colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy (pag iem) has been employed to specifically detect rotavirus and enterovirus antigen in negatively stained fluid specimens. unlike other iem methods, pag iem can detect not only viral antigen associated with morphologically recognizable particles but also viral antigens of unrecognizable ultrastructure. this rapid and sensitive immunoassay was found to be applicable to virus-infected stool specimens as well as partially purified virus preparatio ... | 1985 | 3001115 |
| use of immunosorbent electron microscopy for detection of rota- and hepatitis a virus in sucrose solutions. | immunosorbent electron microscopy was used to demonstrate rotavirus in solutions of varying sucrose concentrations after 18, 42 and 66 h of incubation. about 50% of adsorption of virus particles to the grid was achieved after 18 h incubation and nearly 100% after 42 h when compared to trapping of virus from sucrose free solutions. hepatitis a virus was purified in a 10-30% sucrose gradient and each fraction was examined by immunosorbent electron microscopy, direct electron microscopy, immune ele ... | 1985 | 3001117 |
| detection of rotavirus by latex agglutination. | 1985 | 3001154 | |
| polymicrobial aetiology of travellers' diarrhoea. | of 35 us peace corps volunteers in thailand, 20 (57%) had a total of 30 episodes of diarrhoea during their first 6 weeks in the country. enteric pathogens were associated with 90% of the episodes. a single pathogen was identified in 17 (57%) episodes, 2-4 pathogens were identified in 10 (33%) episodes, and there were 15 symptomless infections. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was identified in 37% of these episodes, and various salmonella serotypes were isolated in 33%. infections with 9 ... | 1985 | 2857430 |
| evidence that a novel rotavirus-like agent of rats can cause gastroenteritis in man. | a rotavirus-like agent known to cause gastroenteritis in rats was also found to be associated with diarrhoea in a human population. serological studies indicated that infection with this virus is prevalent in children and adults living in baltimore, maryland. the virus is antigenically and genomically distinct from group a rotaviruses and this should be borne in mind in efforts to develop vaccines for protection against infantile gastroenteritis. | 1985 | 2861512 |
| [frequency of enteropathogenic micro-organisms isolated in children with and without acute diarrhea]. | 1985 | 2861829 | |
| seroepidemiology of adult rotavirus. | 1985 | 2862483 | |
| influence of rotaviral diarrhea on intestinal microflora establishment in conventional and axenic mice. | 1985 | 2862640 | |
| [etiology of acute infantile gastroenteritis in gabon]. | rotaviruses are the main etiology of acute diarrhoeas in gabonese children (11 to 30% according to age). salmonellae (11.4%), shigellae (7.1%) and e. histolytica (7.1%), isolated or associated with enterobacteria, e. coli (3%), giardia and strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%), yersinia enterocolitica (1%) and balantidium coli (0.5%) were also found, without cholera. | 1985 | 2863005 |
| rotavirus-like agent, rats, and man. | 1985 | 2864595 | |
| chinese adult rotavirus is a group b rotavirus. | 1985 | 2865590 | |
| the relative importance of enteric pathogens affecting neonates of domestic animals. | 1985 | 2868628 | |
| pathogens in fecal samples from apparently healthy children. | 1985 | 3001380 |