Publications

klebsiella and enterobacter strains derived from hospital infections. ii. occurrence and characterization of r-, lac- and col- plasmids and their clinical-epidemiological significance.	a total of 269 hospital klebsiella strains and 103 hospital enterobacter strains showed 34 and 10 different antibiotic resistance patterns, respectively. among multiple resistant klebsiella and enterobacter strains the ap sm cm tc resistance pattern was the most frequent (k. aerogenes). antibiotic resistant strains carried r-plasmids in 27.5%. the presence of r-plasmids was demonstrable in 2.9% of single antibiotic resistant, in 12.8% of double antibiotic resistant, and in 71.4% of multiple anti ...	1981	7257874
primary structure of the phage p22 repressor and its gene c2.	the amino acid sequence of the salmonella phage p2 repressor and the dna sequence of its gene c2 have been determined. sequential edman degradations on intact p22 repressor and repressor peptides generated by proteolytic and chemical cleavages have been overlapped to give approximately 97% of the complete protein sequence. additionally, the nucleotide sequence of the p22 c2 repressor gene has been determined by dna sequencing techniques. the dna sequence and partial protein sequence are collinea ...	1981	7260059
a study of the reversibility of helix-coil transition in dna.	the reversibility of dna melting has been thoroughly investigated at different ionic strengths. we concentrated on those stages of the process that do not involve a complete separation of the strands of the double helix. the differential melting curves of pbr 322 dna and a fragment of t7 phage dna in a buffer containing 0.02m na+ have been shown to differ substantially from the differential curves of renaturation. electron-microscopic mapping of pbr 322 dna at different degrees of unwinding (by ...	1981	7301577
genetic and physiological tests of three phosphate-specific transport mutants of escherichia coli.	phosphate-specific transport system mutations phot35, pst-2, and phos25-(am) were mapped between bgl and glms, at about 83 min on the escherichia coli chromosome. all three mutations were recessive to wild-type genes on transducing bacteriophage lambda asn. the phos25 (am) and pst-2 mutations were also recessive to transducing phage lambda dglm; however, the phot35 mutation was not. this suggests that phot35 lies in a different complementation group from phos25 (am) or pst-2. isogenic series of ...	1981	7009575
identification of a second escherichia coli groe gene whose product is necessary for bacteriophage morphogenesis.	previous work has uncovered the existence of an escherichia coli locus, groe, that is essential for bacterial growth, lambda phage and t4 phage head morphogenesis, and t5 phage tail assembly. our genetic and biochemical analyses of lambda groe+ transducing phages and their deletion and point mutant derivatives show that the groe locus consists of two closely linked genes. one groe gene, groel, has been shown to encode the synthesis of a 65,000 mr polypeptide, whereas the second, groes, codes for ...	1981	7015340
expression of the serratia marcescens lipoproteins gene in escherichia coli.	the lipoprotein gene (lpp) of serratia marcescens was cloned in a lambda phage vector (k. nakamura and m. inouye, proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 77: 1369-1373, 1980). this lpp gene was recloned in plasmid vectors pbr322 and psc101. when a lipoprotein-deficient (lpp) mutant of escherichia coli was transformed with pbr322 carrying the s. marcescens lpp gene, cells became nonleaky for ribonuclease, resistant to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and sensitive to globomycin. the lipoprotein was found e ...	1981	7016834
ultrastructural localization of the maltose-binding protein within the cell envelope of escherichia coli.	logarithmically growing cells of escherichia coli were fixed with glutaraldehyde and incubated with antimaltose-binding protein fab coupled to horseradish peroxide (molecular weight of the complex 80,000). the position of this complex within the cell envelope was determined by reacting with diaminobenzidine-h2o2, staining with osmium tetroxide and processing for thin section electron microscopy. the following observations were made: (i) induction of the maltose-binding protein resulted in swelli ...	1981	7020624
molecular cloning of chemotaxis genes and overproduction of gene products in the bacterial sensing system.	the chemotaxis genes cher, cheb, chey, chez, and tar of salmonella typhimurium were cloned into bacteriophage lambda vectors and onto pbr322 plasmids by recombinant dna techniques. the genes were linearly arranged in the order tar-cher-cheb-chey-chez (and were read from a promoter on the upstream side of the tar or cher gene). however, their stoichiometries of expression were found to be 4:1:1:18:3, respectively. the overexpression of the chey gene appeared to be a function of translational cont ...	1981	7021528
replication control and switch-off function as observed with a mini-f factor plasmid.	mini-f is a fragment of the f plasmid, consisting of 9,000 base pairs, which carries all of the genes and sites required for replicon maintenance and control. its copy number is one to two per chromosome. this plasmid is joined to cole1, whose copy number is 16 to 20. under normal circumstances the composite plasmid replication exhibited cole1 characteristics, maintaining a high copy number. however, when cole1 replication was inhibited by deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase i inactivation, its rep ...	1981	7021532
lipoprotein nature of bacillus licheniformis membrane penicillinase.	membrane penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, ec 3.5.2.6) from bacillus licheniformis bears a striking resemblance to the major outer membrane lipoprotein of escherichia coli. it can be specifically labeled in vivo with [3h]glycerol, [35s]cysteine, or [3h]palmitate but not by [32p]orthophosphate. the labeled residues are located at or near the nh2 terminus of the membrane penicillinase because they can be completely removed by trypsin which cleaves a hydrophobic peptide(s) from ...	1981	7022453
plasmid pkm101-dependent repair and mutagenesis in escherichia coli cells with mutations lexb30 tif and zab-53 in the reca gene.	bacterial survival after uv irradiation was increased in e. coli k12 lexb30 and tif zab-53 mutants harboring plasmid pkm101. mutagenesis in response to uv was observed in these bacteria which, in absence of pkm101, are not uv-mutable. the mutator effect observed in unirradiated wild-type cells containing pkm101 was higher than incubation at 30 degrees c with adenine than at 37 degrees c. this effect was still enhanced by tif mutation, even in the tif zab-53 strain, but it was abolished by lexb30 ...	1981	7029254
inducibility of a gene product required for uv and chemical mutagenesis in escherichia coli.	the product of the umuc gene is required for uv and chemical mutagenesis in escherichia coli. by the use of the mud(ap, lac) bacteriophage, we have obtained an operon fusion of the lac structural genes to the promoter/regulatory region of the umuc gene. the strain containing the umuc::mud(ap, lac) fusion was identified on the basis of its uv nonmutability. strains containing this putative null allele of umuc were (i) nonmutable by uv and other agents, (ii) slightly uv sensitive, and (iii) defici ...	1981	7029544
tif-1 mutation alters polynucleotide recognition by the reca protein of escherichia coli.	the requirements for polynucleotide-dependent hydrolysis of atp and for proteolytic cleavage of phage lambda repressor have been examined for both the wild-type (reca+ protein) and the tif-1 mutant form [tif(reca) protein] of the reca gene product. the reca+ and tif(reca) proteins catalyze both reactions in the presence of long single-stranded dnas or certain deoxyhomopolymers. however, short oligonucleotides [(dt)12, (da)14] stimulate neither the protease nor the atpase activities of the reca+ ...	1981	7031642
chi activity during transduction-associated recombination.	chi is a genetic element that stimulates phage lambda recombination by the escherichia coli recbc pathway during lytic infection [stahl, f. w. (1979) annu. rev. genet. 13, 7--24]. herein we show that chi in lambda prophage influences exchange distribution in p1 phage-mediated transduction and in conjugation. this demonstration encourages the view that chi may influence genetic exchange in e. coli in the total absence of lambda.	1981	7031667
intracisternal a-particle genes in mus musculus: a conserved family of retrovirus-like elements.	the structural organization of intracisternal a-particle genes has been studied, using isolates from a mouse gene library in lambda phage charon 4a. the predominant gene form among the isolates was 7.3 kilobases (kb) in length. r-loops between the 7-kb (35s) a-particle genomic ribonucleic acid and several of these genes were colinear, with no visible evidence of intervening deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. one recombinant was found with an a-particle gene that contained a 1.7-kb deletion. using ...	1981	6821514
transcription of the e. coli tufb gene: cotranscription with four trna genes and inhibition by guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate.	the transcription of the tufb gene by purified rna polymerase holoenzyme was studied using the transducing phage lambda rifd 18 dna and the hybrid plasmid ptub1 dna (miyajima et al. 1979) as templates. the size of tufb mrna synthesized in this system was about 1,700 nucleotides, and the same strand as for rrnb was transcribed. by electron microscopic examination of the r-loop formed between lambda fus3 dna and tufb mrna synthesized under the direction of ptub1 dna, it was found that the untransl ...	1981	7035813
cloning and the nucleotide sequence of the genes for escherichia coli ribosomal proteins l28 (rpmb) and l33 (rpmg).	the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda dpyre dna was used as a source of dna to clone two ribosomal protein genes rpmb (l28) and rpmg (l33) on the cloning vehicle pacyc184. using one of these plasmids, the nucleotide sequence of these two genes and their flanking regions were determined. the amino acid sequences of both proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences match with the amino acid sequences previously determined, with one exception. the nucleotide sequences suggest that thes ...	1981	7035835
alcohol dehydrogenase gene of drosophila melanogaster: relationship of intervening sequences to functional domains in the protein.	the gene that codes for drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (adh; alcohol:nad+ oxidoreductase ec 1.1.1.1) was identified in a bacteriophage lambda library of genomic drosophila dna by using adh cdna cloned dna as a probe. the dna sequence of the protein encoding region was shown to be in agreement with the amino acid sequence of the adh. two intervening dna sequences (introns) were identified within the protein encoding region: one was 65 nucleotides and located between the codons for amino acid re ...	1981	6789320
sos induction and autoregulation of the hima gene for site-specific recombination in escherichia coli.	the hima gene of escherichia coli controls the lysogenization of bacteriophage lambda at the level of catalysis of site-specific recombination and expression of the lambda int and ci genes required for lysogenic development. we have analyzed the regulation of hima by two methods: (i) beta-galactosidase synthesis from a lacz gene inserted into the hima gene and (ii) detection of radioactive hima protein after fractionation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. we find that hima- mutations produ ...	1981	6796964
deletion, recombination and gene expression involving the bacteriophage lambda attachment site.		1981	6460114
mutagenic effect of furocoumarin monoadducts and cross-links on bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6460179
bacteriophage lambda prohead assembly: assembly of biologically active precollars in vitro.		1981	6460253
bacteriophage lambda and 21 packaging specificities.		1981	6460254
intramolecular genetic analysis of lambda phage structural proteins.		1981	6460259
the r gene product of bacteriophage lambda is the murein transglycosylase.	the radioactively labeled proteins synthesised in escherichia coli minicells infected by bacteriophage lambda r and lambda r+ were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. lambda r mutants, which have lost the ability to lyse host cells, lack a polypeptide of molecular weight 17.5 kd corresponding to the molecular weight of murein transglycosylase - a bacteriolytic enzyme from lambda lysates which we have described previously. it has been shown by direct comparison using radio-labeled enz ...	1981	6460914
a temperature sensitive reca protein of escherichia coli.	the temperature sensitive allele reca200 has been cloned into the multiple copy number plasmid pbr322 and the gene product isolated. the purified reca200 protein is temperature sensitive in ability to cleave the phage lambda and lexa repressors in vitro and also in ability to promote a successful search for homology between single stranded dna and a homologous duplex leading to d-loop formation. however, at the non-permissive temperature the reca200 protein has approximately wild type single str ...	1981	6460915
direction of bacteriophage lambda dna replication in a thymine requiring escherichia coli k-12 strain. effect of thymidine concentration.	the direction of replication was established for the first round of bacteriophage lambda dna replication in thymine requiring e. coli k-12 cells exposed to different concentrations of thymidine. it was found that a dramatic decrease in the proportion of bidirectionally replicating molecules followed a decrease in the concentration of thymidine. moreover, the rightward mode of replication appears to be exclusively favored in unidirectionally replicating molecules found at low concentrations of th ...	1981	6460985
cohesive end annealing and the helper-mediated transformation system of phage lambda.		1981	6451981
[effectiveness of plasmid rp4 mobilization of the bacterial chromosome in escherichia coli strains lysogenic for phages mu and lambda].	the effect of phage lambda on mobilization of escherichia coli chromosome mediated by the mu phage and rp4 plasmid has been studied. the efficiency of bacterial chromosome mobilization is an order of magnitude lower than that in the control strain, monolysogenic for phage mu provided a termoinducible prophage lambda is located separately from mu. this efficiency is an order of magnitude higher in comparison with the control strain in case prophage is incorporated in the mu-lambda-mu structure an ...	1981	6459264
novel patterns of ultraviolet mutagenesis and weigle reactivation in staphylococcus aureus and phage phi 11.	the effects of u.v. irradiation on the survival of staphylococcus aureus and its phage phi 11 were studied. the reca and uvr mutations affected their survival in a similar way to synonymous mutations in escherichia coli. weigle reactivation (w-reactivation) of phi 11 occurred in wild-type s. aureus and in a uvr mutant but to a lesser extent than has been found for phage lambda in e. coli. reactivation was reca-dependent and was accompanied by u.v.-induced mutagenesis in a temperature-sensitive m ...	1981	6459429
interactions between phage lambda replication proteins, lambda dna and minicell membrane.	gentle methods for minicell lysis and lysate fractionation have been elaborated: lysis by t4 lysozyme without detergents, and fractionation by equilibrium sedimentation in a metrizamide density gradient, both at low ionic strength. in the lysates of phage-lambda-infected minicells the lambda dna, trapped at a prereplicative step [witkiewicz, h. and taylor, k. (1979) biochim. biophys. acta 564, 31-36], appeared in two peaks of different buoyant densities: as a membrane-bound and a free lambda dna ...	1981	6451425
inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by near-ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of chlorpromazine.		1981	6454898
cloning and characterization of a transcription termination signal in bacteriophage lambda unresponsive to the n gene product.	the pha10 plasmid was designed for the cloning and selection of transcriptional termination signals. this study demonstrates the use of pha10 as a cloning vehicle in the selection and characterization of an n-unresponsive terminator. following the random cloning of lambda dna, and n-unresponsive transcription terminator was isolated. hybridization of in vivo 32p-labeled rna to various dna fragments, using the southern (1975) blotting technique, revealed that the transcriptional barrier that cann ...	1981	6455329
downstream regulation of int gene expression by the b2 region in phage lambda.	expression of the int gene after phage lambda infection normally requires the products of genes cii and ciii. however, when the phage carries a deletion in the nonessential b2 region adjacent to int, efficient synthesis of active int protein does not require cii and ciii function. this inhibition of int synthesis by nucleotide sequences downstream from the int structural gene behaves in a cis-dominant fashion in mixed infections. it is specific for pl- and not pi-initiated transcripts. based on ...	1981	6455330
sequence organization of the origins of dna replication in lambdoid coliphages.	we have determined the sequences of the ori region dna of several phage lambda mutants and hybrids, which shed light on the mechanism of dna replication in the lambdoid phages. these include the heterologous substitution hybrids lambda rep82:lambda and lambda rep80:lambda, a pseudorevertant of the ori-r93 mutant lambda r93hot5, and the insertion mutant lambda pk35. the ori regions of the three lambdoid phages, lambda, phi 80 and 82, all have repeated sequences, termed iterons, and a . t-rich zon ...	1981	6455332
arrangement of bacteriophage lambda receptor protein (lamb) in the cell surface of escherichia coli: a reconstitution study.	the lamb protein purified in a solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate was assembled into an ordered hexagonal lattice structure with a lattice constant of about 7.8 nm in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. the lamb alone formed aggregates with some lattice structure. however, the regularity of the lattice was only maintained within a very small area. an ordered hexagonal lattice was also formed when the wild-type lipopolysaccharide was replaced by heptoseless lipopolysaccharide, lipid a, and even f ...	1981	6455415
function of nucleoside triphosphate and polynucleotide in escherichia coli reca protein-directed cleavage of phage lambda repressor.	escherichia coli reca protein catalyzes a specific proteolytic cleavage of repressors in vitro when it is activated by interaction with a single-stranded polynucleotide and nucleoside triphosphate. the atp analogue adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (atp gamma s) satisfies the ntp requirement. we show here that despite its activity in repressor cleavage, atp gamma s is hydrolyzed at a negligible rate by the reca protein dna-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase activity. in the presence of dna, a ...	1981	6455420
bacteriophage lambda dna maturation. the functional relationships among the products of genes nul, a and fi.		1981	6455531
regulation of int gene transcription by bacteriophage lambda. location of the rna start generated by an int constitutive mutation.		1981	6455532
the nusa gene protein of escherichia coli. its identification and a demonstration that it interacts with the gene n transcription anti-termination protein of bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6455533
mutagenesis of lambda phage: weigle mutagenesis is induced by coincident lesions in the double helical dna of the host cell genome.	we have studied the increase in mutation in mutagenized lambda phage when the host cells are also irradiated with ultraviolet light, "weigle mutagenesis." the increase in mutation is induced mainly on coincidences between a radiation-produced lesion in one strand of the host cell dna and a second lesion in the complementary strand. this conclusion is based on experiments in which incorporation of the base analog bromouracil sensitized the host cells to ultraviolet light. for the same number of b ...	1981	6455586
fusion of the lac genes to the promotor for the cytidine deaminase gene of escherichia coli k-12.	phage mu has been inserted into the structural gene for cytidine deaminase (cdd). by the use of phage lambda (lac, mu) the promoter for the cdd gene has been fused to lacz. in these strains lacz expression is regulated by the cytr repressor protein and is therefore induced by cytidine. the fusion strains were used for the isolation of cddo mutants. plaque forming lambda phages carrying the different cdd-lacz fusions were isolated. studies of the cdd-mu strains showed that the cdd gene is transcr ...	1981	6455590
multiple pathways of rna processing and decay for the major leftward n- independent rna transcript of coliphage lambda.		1981	6455844
integration and excision of bacteriophage lambda: the mechanism of conservation site specific recombination.		1981	6461289
multilevel regulation of bacteriophage lambda lysogeny by the e. coli hima gene.	previous experiments have shown that the hima gene of e. coli specifies a protein that is required for bacteriophage lambda integration. lambda forms clear plaques on hima mutants indicating a possible additional defect in the establishment of repression. we have tested the effects of a hima mutation on the establishment and maintenance of lambda repressor (cl) synthesis and on the synthesis of int protein. the rate of synthesis of cl and int after infection by lambda is severely reduced in a st ...	1981	6456071
structure and function of the major tail protein of bacteriophage lambda. mutants having small major tail protein molecules in their virion.		1981	6456359
enlarged model of lambda phage ontogenesis.		1981	6456379
cloning of a representative genomic library of the human x chromosome after sorting by flow cytometry.	a library of 50,000 recombinants representative of the human x chromosome has been constructed. human x chromosomes were physically separated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. the dna was purified from the chromosomes, digested to completion with the restriction enzyme ecori and cloned into the phage lambda gtwes.lambda b. the x-derived nature of the recombinants was confirmed by hybridization to rodent/human cell line dna containing only the human x chromosome. such libraries will be ...	1981	6456416
chi, a promoter of generalized recombination in lambda phage, is present in immunoglobulin genes.		1981	6456417
regulatory circuits of bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6456477
kinetics of photoinactivation and photooxidation of mitomycin c in the presence of riboflavin.	the kinetic relation between the photoinactivation and photooxidation of mitomycin c in the presence of riboflavin was investigated. the photoinactivation was tested for lambda-phage induction in escherichia coli k-12 (lambda) cells and colony formation of e. coli bs-1 cells. mitomycin c lost its phage-inducing and antibiotic activities when the antibiotic was irradiated in vitro with visible light in the presence of riboflavin. the loss of phage-inducing activity followed a stern-volmer type eq ...	1981	6457031
reca protein-dependent proteolysis of bacteriophage lambda repressor characterization of the reaction and stimulation by dna-binding proteins.		1981	6457045
intramolecular integration within moloney murine leukemia virus dna.	by screening a library of unintegrated, circular moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv) dna cloned in lambda phage, we found that approximately 20% of the m-mulv dna inserts contained internal sequence deletions or inversions. restriction enzyme mapping demonstrated tht the deleted segments frequently abutted a long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence, whereas the inverted segments were usually flanked by ltr sequences, suggesting that many of the variants arose as a consequence of m-mulv dna molecul ...	1981	6457158
cloning and expression of bacillus subtilis phage spp1 in e. coli. ii. expression of lambda/spp1 hybrid phages in e. coli minicells.	in the preceding paper (amann et al. 1981) we described the in vitro construction of hybrids between escherichia coli phage lambda nm607 imm434 and b. subtilis phage spp1. these lambda/spp1 hybrids have been used to infect minicells produced by e. coli strain ds410. analysis on polyacrylamide gels of 35s-methionine labeled proteins synthesized in infected minicells revealed the expression of both lambda and spp1 genes. infection of e. coli minicells carrying plasmid pgy101, which encodes and exp ...	1981	6457236
cell lysis by induction of cloned lambda lysis genes.	the lysis gene region of bacteriophage lambda, including genes s, r, and rz, was cloned into the plasmid pbh20. in the recombinant plasmid, the lysis genes are expressed under the control of the lacop region. induction of this "lysis operon" with the lac inducer, iptg, under conditions where transcription from the lacop region is not subject to catabolite repression, results in a sharply defined lysis after 35 min. premature lysis can be accomplished by cyanide, chloramphenicol, or chloroform, e ...	1981	6457237
isolation of two clusters of mouse histone genes.	histone mrna was partially purified from mouse myeloma cells synchronized in s phase by isoleucine starvation. a cdna was prepared that contained sequences complementary to all five mouse histone genes. this cdna was used to screen a library of mouse dna in lambda phage. the positive clones were screened by hybridization with sea urchin histone gene-specific probes to identify those clones that contained histone genes. confirmation of this identification was obtained by hybridization with drosop ...	1981	6457299
retroregulation of the int gene of bacteriophage lambda: control of translation completion.	bacteriophage lambda regulates the integration--excision reaction as a crucial aspect of the choice of pathway during lysogenic or lytic viral development. this control involves differential expression of the tightly linked, partially overlapping int and xis genes from two promoter sites: pi, positively regulated by cii/ciii proteins, and pl, positively regulated by n protein. after lambda infection, int is synthesized from the pi transcript under cii regulation; however, very little int is prod ...	1981	6457302
structure and function of the phage lambda att site: size, int-binding sites, and location of the crossover point.		1981	6457725
effects of recb21, recf143, and uvrd152 on recombination in lambda bacteriophage-prophage and hfr by f- crosses.	the effects of the mutation pairs recb21 recf143 and recb21 uvrd152 on the frequency of genetic recombination were investigated in lambda phage-prophage crosses under homoimmune conditions. to prevent recombinants from being formed by the phage red system, these experiments were performed with phages and prophages carrying red and gam mutations. both spontaneous and damage-induced recombination was measured, the phages being either undamaged or treated with trimethylpsoralen and 360-nm light to ...	1981	6457825
physical interaction between the phage lambda receptor protein and the carrier-immobilized maltose-binding protein of escherichia coli.	when triton x-100/edta extracts of the outer membrane of escherichia coli k12 were passed through a column containing maltose-binding protein covalently linked to sepharose 6mb beads, the phage lambda receptor protein or lamb protein was quantitatively and specifically adsorbed to the column and was eluted with a solution containing 1 m nacl, but not with that containing 0.5 m maltose. the binding did not take place when columns containing inactivated sepharose beads alone, or sepharose bound to ...	1981	6457826
preferential cleavage of phage lambda repressor monomers by reca protease.		1981	6457991
lambda repressor and cro--components of an efficient molecular switch.	in a lysogen, most genes of phage lambda are repressed; in response to a transient induction signal, they are efficiently switched on. the switch, which consists in part of a tripartite operator to which two regulatory proteins bind, depends not only on dna--protein interactions, but also on effects transmitted from one dna-bound protein to another. lambda exemplifies a strategy that facilitates efficient switching between two physiological states in response to a transient signal.	1981	6457992
transcription of sea urchin histone genes in escherichia coli.	dna fragments comprising units of the repeated histone genes form the sea urchins psammechinus miliaris and echinus esculentus were placed under the control of bacteriophage lambda promoters by cloning into lambda replacement vectors. although promoter-like regions exist within the cloned fragments, transcription of the histone genes is controlled mainly, but not exclusively, by lambda pl promoter. a transcription map of the cloned p. miliaris histone dna fragment was obtained. the order of hist ...	1981	6458017
the dna sequence of the phage lambda genome between pl and the gene bet.	we have determined 3,400 base pairs of dna sequence from the phage gamma genome which starts to the right of pl and runs to the left into the gene bet. the sequence thus includes the genes, n, ral, ea10, ciii, kil and gam, as well as the transcription terminators tl1 and tl2. one surprising feature of the sequence is the presence in the region expected to be occupied by ral of a long open reading frame that, if it is expressed, would have to be transcribed from left to right, or counter to trans ...	1981	6458018
sequence of a secondary phage lambda attachment site located between the pentitol operons of klebsiella aerogenes.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a secondary phage lambda attachment site (att) located between the structural genes of the ribitol and d-arabitol catabolic operons of klebsiella aerogenes. the core region of this secondary attachment site (sequence: ggttttttcgattat) shows considerable homology with the 15-base-pair core region common to both the phage att and the primary bacterial att of escherichia coli k12 (sequence: gcttttttactaa); however, there is no such clear homology betwee ...	1981	6458274
[modification of the operator-promotor portion of phage lambda dna within a specific complex with escherichia coli rna polymerase].		1981	6458487
complete nucleotide sequence of the bacteriophage lambda dna region containing gene q and promoter pr'.		1981	6458514
in vivo and in vitro functional alterations of the bacteriophage lambda receptor in lamb missense mutants of escherichia coli k-12.	lamb is the structural gene for the bacteriophage lambda receptor in escherichia coli k-12. in vivo and in vitro studies of the lambda receptor from lamb missence mutants selected as resistant to phage lambda h+ showed the following. (i) resistance was not due to a change in the amount of lambda receptor protein present in the outer membrane but rather to a change in activity. all of the mutants were still sensitive to phage lambda hh*, a two-step host range mutant of phage lambda h+. some (10/1 ...	1981	6458594
general method for fine mapping of the escherichia coli k-12 lamb gene: localization of missense mutations affecting bacteriophage lambda adsorption.	lamb is the structural gene for the bacteriophage lambda receptor, a multifunctional protein located in the outer membrane of escherichia coli k-12. we present a method for deletion mapping of any lamb mutations with a recognizable pheno-type. this method involves a transducing phage constructed by in vitro recombination which can also be used for complementation, deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, and in vitro protein synthesis studies with the mutated lamb gene. using this method, we mapped 18 la ...	1981	6458595
identification of wild-type or mutant alleles of bacterial genes cloned on a bacteriophage lambda vector: isolation of uvrc(am) and other mutants.	we have identified lambda transducing bacteriophages carrying deoxyribonucleic acid repair or recombination genes of escherichia coli k-12 by their ability to infect and express their bacterial genes in mutant cells in an agar overlay. this technique has been used to recognize transducing phages carrying uvrc+, ssb+, and other genes and to isolate phages carrying mutant alleles unable to complement ssb or uvrc cells. several uvrc mutations were obtained which were suppressor sensitive.	1981	6452445
hybridization selection and cell-free translation of mrna's encoded within the inverted terminal repetition of the vaccinia virus genome.	early polypeptides encoded within the 10,000-base pair terminally repeated region of the vaccinia virus genome were mapped by cell-free translation of mrna that was selected by hybridization to restriction fragments and to separated strands of a recombinant lambda phage. the results, which were confirmed by hybrid arrest of translation, indicated that polypeptides of 7,500 (7.5k), 19,000 (19k), and 42,000 (42k) daltons mapped at approximately 3.2 to 4.3, 6.5 to 7.2, and 7.2 to 8.3 kilobase pairs ...	1981	6452531
in vitro transcription of the inverted terminal repetition of the vaccinia virus genome: correspondence of initiation and cap sites.	specific rnas synthesized in vitro by vaccinia virus cores were analyzed with the aid of dna from the terminal 9,000 base pairs of the genome that was cloned in phage lambda, pbr322, and the single-stranded phage fl. three mrna's coding for polypeptides with molecular weights of 7,500 (7.5k), 19k, and 42k were shown to have sizes and map positions similar to those described for mrna's made early in infection. a previously undescribed transcript made in vivo and in vitro, with a 5' end at about 8 ...	1981	6452534
two mutations that alter the regulatory activity of e. coli reca protein.	the escherichia coli reca gene product is both a direct participant and a central regulatory element in important processes of dna repair, including one that is probably responsible for all radiation mutagenesis and some chemical mutagenesis. it has the direct function of catalysing pairing of single-stranded dna to a homologous region in duplex dna, a reaction thought to be fundamental to genetic recombination. this activity of reca protein probably contributes to dna repair by promoting recomb ...	1981	6452577
structure of the cro repressor from bacteriophage lambda and its interaction with dna.	the three-dimensional structure of the 66-amino acid cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda suggests how it binds to its operator dna. we propose that a dimer of cro protein is bound to the b-form of dna with the 2-fold axis of the dimer coincident with the 2-fold axis of dna. a pair of 2-fold-related alpha-helices of the repressor, lying within successive major grooves of the dna, seem to be a major determinant in recognition and binding. in addition, the c-terminal residues of the prote ...	1981	6452580
[low transfecting efficiency of phage lambda ring chromosomes and their fragments formed by membrane nucleases].	transfection efficiency of a number of lambda dna samples differing in ring to linear molecules ratio was determined. graphic extrapolation to the zero content of linear molecules showed that efficiency of ring molecules did not exceed 5% of that of linear molecules. probably, this difference is caused by more fast penetration of linear molecules into the cell and, therefore, by lower probability of their degradation by cell wall nucleases. fragments of both ring and linear molecules formed by c ...	1981	6453042
relation between uv suppression of polarity in phi x174 and uv sensitivity of rho mutants.	the suppression of polarity by uv irradiation was similar to the suppression by rho mutants. this was demonstrated for a polar nonsense mutant of phage phi x174. treatment of the host for 30 min with 100 micrograms of the radiomimetic drug mitomycin c per ml was about as effective as 550 j of uv irradiation per m2 in relieving polarity. the shape of the uv survival curves for rho mutants could be linked to a proposed mechanism of uv relief of polarity. host cell reactivation of phage lambda and ...	1981	6453239
evidence that ribosomal protein s10 participates in control of transcription termination.	we report the isolation of an escherichia coli k-12 strain with a mutation, nuse71, that results in a change in ribosomal protein s10. phage lambda fails to grow in hosts carrying the nuse71 mutation because the lambda n gene product is not active. the n product regulates phage gene expression by altering transcription complexes so that they can overcome termination barriers. this suggests that a ribosomal protein is involved in antitermination of transcription.	1981	6453343
protein degradation in e. coli: the lon mutation and bacteriophage lambda n and cii protein stability.	the ion gene of e. coli controls the stability of two bacteriophage lambda proteins. the functional half-life of the phage n gene product, measured by complementation, is increased about 5-fold in ion mutant strains, from 2 min to 10 min. the chemical half-life of n protein, determined by its disappearance on polyacrylamide gels following pulse-chase labeling, increases about three-fold in ion cells. in contrast to its effect on the n protein, the ion mutation produces a 50% decrease in the chem ...	1981	6453650
regulation of transcription termination by the n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6453652
structure of chi hotspots of generalized recombination.	chi recombinational hotspots are sites around which the rate of rec-promoted recombination in bacteriophage lambda is elevated. examination of a derivative of lambda into which the plasmid pbr322 was inserted reveals that pbr322 lacks chi sites. using this lambda-pbr322 hybrid, we obtained mutations creating chi sites at three widely separated loci within pbr322. nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that the mutations are single base-pair changes creating the octamer 5' gctggtgg 3'. this sequenc ...	1981	6453653
organization and transcription of the dnaa and dnan genes of escherichia coli.	the locations of the linked dnaa and dnan genes of escherichia coli in a specialized transducing lambda phage genome have been determined by electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis, using phages with deletions or insertions in the dnaa or dnan gene. the transcription initiation sites for the dna genes were also localized by electron microscopic analysis of dna-rba heteroduplex molecules formed between the e. coli dna fragment of the phage genome and the in vitro transcription products of the ...	1981	6453739
purification of bacteriophage lambda o protein that specifically binds to the origin of replication.	by means of a nitrocellulose filter binding assay, dna binding activities among proteins fractionated from extracts of escherichia coli carrying lambda dv have been surveyed. an activity was found that binds specifically to a fragment of 164 base pairs that specifies the lambda replication origin (lambda ori). this activity was not detected in an extract of cells not carrying the lambda dv plasmid. the activity was detected in extracts of cells carrying a hybrid plasmid in which the entire lambd ...	1981	6454055
molecular cloning of menaquinone biosynthetic genes of escherichia coli k12.	a transducing phage carrying some of the genes (men) defining the early stages of menaquinone biosynthesis was isolated from a pool of recombinant lambda phages that had been constructed from r.hindiii digests of e. coli dna and the corresponding insertion vector. the lesions of menb and menc mutants were complemented by the phage but mend mutants were transduced either at low frequencies or not at all. this indicates that the transducing phage contains functional menb and menc genes but that on ...	1981	6454056
lambda altsf: a phage variant that acquired the ability to substitute specific sets of genes at high frequency.	we report the isolation of lambda altsf, a variant of escherichia coli phage lambda that substitutes sets of genes at high frequency. two forms of the variant phage have been studied: lambda altsf lambda, which exhibits the immunity (repressor recognition) of phage lambda, and lambda altsf22, which exhibits the immunity of salmonella phage p22. lysates made from single plaques of lambda altsf lambda contain 10-30% phage of the p22 form. similarly, lysates from single plaques of lambda altsf22 co ...	1981	6454136
specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda carrying the structural gene for a major outer membrane matrix protein of escherichia coli k-12.	a specialized transducing phage lambda carrying the structural gene for the ompf protein, an outer membrane matrix protein, was isolated. the phage carries the 20.5--21-min region of the escherichia coli k-12 chromosome and carries asns, ompf, and aspc genes.	1981	6450750
host requirements for growth of lambda-p22 hybrid in escherichia coli.	the requirements for growth of bacteriophage lambda containing the deoxyribonucleic acid replication region from salmonella phage p22 were determined in a burst size experiment. the products of genes dnae, dnaj, dnak, dnay, dnaz, and seg were required, but not the products of genes dnaa, dnab, dnac, and dnax. this lambda-p22 hybrid phage was also dependent on pola for growth at 32 degrees c.	1981	6450751
the leftward promoter of bacteriophage lambda. structure, biological activity, and influence by adjacent regions.	the effect of regions adjacent to the lambda pl promoter was studied using a sequence deleted in an a/t-rich segment immediately upstream from the promoter. high resolution thermal denaturation analysis showed that the undeleted sequence, as isolated on a 360-bp restriction fragment (360-pl) melted in two distinct steps. since the deleted sequence (230-pl) melts at a higher temperature than any portion of 360-pl, the deleted promoter is more stable to denaturation. this increased stability was a ...	1981	6450762
nonsense and frameshift mutations in beta 0-thalassemia detected in cloned beta-globin genes.	the molecular basis for deficiency of beta-globin synthesis in beta-thalassemia was investigated by gene cloning and dna sequencing. beta-globin genes of two patients with beta 0-thalassemia were cloned in a phage lambda vector. both beta-genes transcribed normally in vitro. the gene of an italian individual had a single nucleotide substitution (c leads to t) in the codon for amino acid 39 that resulted in formation of a nonsense codon. in a turkish individual, the cloned beta-globin gene had a ...	1981	6985481
cosmid dna packaging in vivo.	the packaging of cosmid dna into phage particles during phage lambda growth is described. evidence is presented supporting the work of others that cosmid transducing phages contain linear multimers of cosmid dna in which the number of cosmid copies is that required to make a packagable dna length (greater than 0.77 of the lambda dna length). the yield of cosmid transducing phages declines sharply as the number of cosmid copies required to make a packagable dna length increases. the cosmid dna re ...	1982	6211394
absence of significant membrane localization of the proteins coded by the ilvgedac genes of escherichia coli k-12.	we previously characterized a set of lambda dilv phages by genetic, restriction enzyme, and heteroduplex analyses and tentatively correlated isoleucine-valine gene products with specific ilv dna segments by using cloned ilv segments in maxicells and lambda dilv phage infection of uv-irradiated cells. in this work, the identity of the ilvc gene product, alpha-acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, was confirmed by demonstrating its induction by the physiological inducers alpha-acetolactate and alpha ...	1982	6211429
[homology of lysozymes of bacterial and vertebrate origin].	theoretical analysis of structural and functional organization of vertebrate lysozymes, t4-phage lysozyme, lambda-phage endolysin and extracellular lysozyme of chalaropsis species suggests a genetic relationship between the enzymes in question. it has been shown that the lysozyme sequences exhibit both inter- and intramolecular homology. the obtained data lend support to the concept postulating a common ancestor for the lysozyme family and subsequent divergent evolution of these proteins. the tw ...	1982	6218392
bacteriophage lambda int protein recognizes two classes of sequence in the phage att site: characterization of arm-type sites.	purified int protein from bacteriophage lambda binds to specific sites in dna that are not part of the functional attachment sites (non-att dna) as well as to specific sites in att dna. analysis of non-att sites protected from nucleases by int has permitted definition of two distinctly different consensus recognition sequences, one of which, the arm-type sequence, is characterized in this report. both types of recognition sequence occur in attp; five copies of the arm-type consensus sequence are ...	1982	6218502
[prophage induction and reactivation of phage lambda as affected by dioxidine].		1982	6218669
expression of the replication region of phage lambda dna cloned into pbr322 in e. coli minicells.	replication region of bacteriophage lambda dna was cloned into pbr322 plasmid by the use of two restriction enzymes--psti and hindiii. the restriction analysis of four obtained plasmids revealed that lambda dna was cloned in both orientations. recombinant plasmids were transferred to the minicell-producing strain of e. coli and synthesis of the plasmid-mediated proteins was analysed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. all four recombinant plasmids produced lambda dna replication proteins po a ...	1982	6218724
analysis of nutr: a region of phage lambda required for antitermination of transcription.	the n gene product of coliphage lambda acts with host factors (nus) through sites (nut) to render subsequent downstream transcription resistant to a variety of termination signals. these sites, nutr and nutl, are downstream, respectively, from the early promoters pr and pl. thus a complicated set of molecular interactions are likely to occur at the nut sites. we have selected mutations in the nutr region that reduce the effectiveness of pn in altering transcription initiating at the pr promoter. ...	1982	6218883
control of phage lambda development by stability and synthesis of cii protein: role of the viral ciii and host hfla, hima and himd genes.	the cii protein of bacteriophage lambda has a decisive role in the regulatory switch between the lysogenic and lytic pathways of viral development. recent work has indicated that cii may be the primary control function providing for the initial partition between the two pathways, with other host and viral regulatory genes acting to determine the levels of cii in an infected cell. we have studied the synthesis and stability of cii protein with two experimental systems, phage infection and a cii-p ...	1982	6218885
polarity suppression by the q gene product of bacteriophage lambda.		1982	6217346
lethal action of bacteriophage lambda s gene.	the functions of the bacteriophage lambda lysis genes s, r, and rz were investigated. different combinations of wild-type and inactive alleles of all three lysis genes were cloned into the plasmid pbh20 and were expressed under the control of a lac operator-promoter. the involvement of the rz gene in lysis was proposed in our previous work and was confirmed by the mg2+-dependent lysis defect of clones in which part of the rz gene is deleted. membrane vesicles prepared from induced s+ cells were ...	1982	6217351
zygotic induction of the rac locus can cause cell death in e. coli.	conjugational transfer of the rac locus of e. coli k-12 into a rac- recipient strain (i.e. rac+ x rac-) results in the killing of a majority of the recipient cells. the efficiency of killing depends somewhat on the plating medium, and can be as high as 98%. the killing is not observed in the rac+ x rac+, rac- x rac- or rac- x rac+ configurations. the rac locus, which has the properties of a cryptic prophage, may carry a function analogous to the kil function of bacteriophage lambda, or may inste ...	1982	6217397
a rho-independent termination caused by the cloned inverted nut l site of phage lambda.	for studying the termination activity of inverted nutl site of bacteriophage lambda, we have constructed a plasmid carrying the nutl fragment oriented reversely with respect to cloned lambda promoter p'r-directed transcription. the results of in vitro transcription on this plasmid template and s1 mapping assay reveal that the termination of p'r-promoted transcription at inverted nutl site is a rho-independent event. this nutl terminator shares several features with the other known sites of trans ...	1982	6217398