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invasive pulmonary mycosis due to penicillium chrysogenum: a new invasive pathogen. 201323423272
diversity, ecological role and potential biotechnological applications of marine fungi associated to the seagrass posidonia oceanica.the marine environment is characterized by high salinity and exerts a strong selective pressure on the biota, favouring the development of halo-tolerant microorganisms. part of this microbial diversity is made up of fungi, important organisms from ecological and biotechnological points of view. in this study, for the first time, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the mycoflora associated to leaves, rhizomes, roots and matte of the seagrass posidonia oceanica was estimated. a total o ...201323410985
genomic and secretomic analyses reveal unique features of the lignocellulolytic enzyme system of penicillium decumbens.many penicillium species could produce extracellular enzyme systems with good lignocellulose hydrolysis performance. however, these species and their enzyme systems are still poorly understood and explored due to the lacking of genetic information. here, we present the genomic and secretomic analyses of penicillium decumbens that has been used in industrial production of lignocellulolytic enzymes in china for more than fifteen years. comparative genomics analysis with the phylogenetically most s ...201323383313
bioleaching mechanism of heavy metals in the mixture of contaminated soil and slag by using indigenous penicillium chrysogenum strain f1.the ability and bioleaching mechanism of heavy metals by penicillium chrysogenum in soils contaminated with smelting slag were examined in this study. batch experiments were performed to investigate the growth kinetics of p. chrysogenum, organic acids production and to compare the removal efficiencies of heavy metals between bioleaching with p. chrysogenum and chemical organic acids. the results showed that the bioleaching had higher removals than chemical leaching, and the removal percentages o ...201323352906
sexual reproduction and mating-type-mediated strain development in the penicillin-producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum.penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungus of major medical and historical importance, being the original and present-day industrial source of the antibiotic penicillin. the species has been considered asexual for more than 100 y, and despite concerted efforts, it has not been possible to induce sexual reproduction, which has prevented sexual crosses being used for strain improvement. however, using knowledge of mating-type (mat) gene organization, we now describe conditions under which a s ...201323307807
chrysovirus structure: repeated helical core as evidence of gene duplication.chrysoviruses are double-stranded rna viruses with a multipartite genome. structure of two fungal chrysoviruses, penicillium chrysogenum virus and cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1, has been determined by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy analysis and in hydrodynamic studies. the capsids of both viruses are based on a t=1 lattice containing 60 subunits, remain structurally undisturbed throughout the viral cycle, and participate in genome metabolism. the capsid protein is formed by a ...201323498904
purification and characterization of tannin acyl hydrolase produced by mixed solid state fermentation of wheat bran and marigold flower by penicillium notatum ncim 923.tannin acyl hydrolase produced extracellularly by the fungal strain penicillium notatum ncim 923 in mixed solid state fermentation of wheat bran and marigold flower in the ratio 4 : 1 was purified from the cell-free extract broth by ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography. tannase was purified by 19.89-fold with yield of 11.77%. the specific activity of crude tannase was found to be 1.31 u/mg protein while that of purified tannase was 22.48 u ...201324350277
influence of substituent effects on spectroscopic properties and antimicrobial activity of 5-(4'-substituted phenylazo)-2-thioxothiazolidinone derivatives.5-(4'-substituted phenylazo)-2-thioxothiazolidinone derivatives (hl(n)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, spectra (ir, electronic and (1)h nmr). the ir spectral data indicate that the compounds can exist in two resonance structures. the synthesized ligands were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacterial species, two gram positive bacteria (bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli and klebsiella ...201322968655
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oil of skimmia laureola growing wild in jammu and kashmir, india.the analysis of skimmia laureola hydrodistillate by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 20 constituents, representing 94.6% of the total oil. the major constituents of oil were linalyl acetate (33.0%), linalool (25.0%), limonene (8.1%), α-terpineol (5.9%) and geranyl acetate (5.9%). the monoterpene (93.4%) rich essential oil was evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal activities against seven microorganisms by agar diffusion and microdilution methods ...201322780302
fungal degradation of an acetolactate synthase (als) inhibitor pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in soil.owing to reported phytotoxicity of some sulfonylurea class of herbicides in number of sensitive crops and higher persistence in soil, present study was conducted to isolate and identify pyrazosulfuron-ethyl degrading fungi from soil of rice field. penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus niger, were isolated and identified from rhizospere soil of rice field, as potent pyrazosulfuron-ethyl degrading fungi. degradation of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl by p. chrysogenum and a. niger, yielded transformation p ...201323993642
a comparative study of nitrilases identified by genome mining.escherichia coli strains expressing different nitrilases transformed nitriles or kcn. six nitrilases (from aspergillus niger (2), a. oryzae, neurospora crassa, arthroderma benhamiae, and nectria haematococca) were arylacetonitrilases, two enzymes (from a. niger and penicillium chrysogenum) were cyanide hydratases and the others (from p. chrysogenum, p. marneffei, gibberella moniliformis, meyerozyma guilliermondi, rhodococcus rhodochrous, and r. ruber) preferred (hetero)aromatic nitriles as subst ...201323475593
influence of fungal elicitors on biosynthesis of natamycin by streptomyces natalensis hw-2.to investigate the effect of fungal elicitors on biosynthesis of natamycin in the cultures of streptomyces natalensis hw-2, the biomass and filtrate of the broth from aspergillus niger as 3.6472, penicillium chrysogenum as 3.5163, a. oryzae as 3.2068, and saccharomyces cerevisiae as 2.2081 were used to induce natamycin production in s. natalensis hw-2. the results showed that the biomass of p. chrysogenum as 3.5163 could enhance the yield of natamycin from 0.639 to 0.875 g l(-1). the elicitor fr ...201323463250
safety evaluation of glucose oxidase from penicillium chrysogenum.glucose oxidase (β-d-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase; ec 1.1.2.3.4) is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus aspergillus niger. although the safety of glucose oxidase preparations from a. niger is well-established, the use of preparations derived from other fungal species is of interest; however, an assessment of their safety is warranted. here, we report on the safety of a glucose oxidase preparation derived from the fung ...201323454104
morphological changes induced by class iii chitin synthase gene silencing could enhance penicillin production of penicillium chrysogenum.chitin synthases catalyze the formation of β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds between n-acetylglucosamine residues to form the unbranched polysaccharide chitin, which is the major component of cell walls in most filamentous fungi. several studies have shown that chitin synthases are structurally and functionally divergent and play crucial roles in the growth and morphogenesis of the genus aspergillus although little research on this topic has been done in penicillium chrysogenum. we used blast to find the ...201323179625
halotolerant ability and α-amylase activity of some saltwater fungal isolates.four halotolerant fungal isolates originating from the saltwater lake urmia in iran were selected during a screening program for salt resistance and α-amylase activity. the isolates were identified based on sequencing the its region and a part of the β-tubulin gene, as penicillium chrysogenum (isolate u1; cbs 132820), fusarium incarnatum (isolate u2; cbs 132821), and penicillium polonicum (isolate u3; cbs 132822, and isolate u4; cbs 132823). the growth of these isolates was determined by measuri ...201324250679
meleagrin, a new fabi inhibitor from penicillium chryosogenum with at least one additional mode of action.bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabi) is a promising novel antibacterial target. we isolated a new class of fabi inhibitor from penicillium chrysogenum, which produces various antibiotics, the mechanisms of some of them are unknown. the isolated fabi inhibitor was determined to be meleagrin by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, and its more active and inactive derivatives were chemically prepared. consistent with their selective inhibition of stap ...201324312171
substrate specificity and gene expression of two penicillium chrysogenum α-l-arabinofuranosidases (afq1 and afs1) belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 54.we previously isolated two α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs), termed afq1 and afs1, from the culture filtrate of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. afq1 and afs1 complementary dnas encoding afq1 and afs1 were isolated by in vitro cloning. the deduced amino acid sequences of afq1 and afs1 are highly similar to those of penicillium purpurogenum abf 2 and abf 1, respectively, which belong to glycoside hydrolase (gh) families 51 and 54, respectively. pfam analysis revealed an "alpha-l-af_c" domain in afq1 a ...201322410744
interactions between naturally occurring antifungal agents.pairwise interactions between four antifungal compounds were studied. the β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor echinocandin b (ecb) showed synergistic effect with the cell wall hydrolase chib chitinase and enga β-1,3-glucanase on saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, aspergillus rugulosus and a. fumigatus. the antifungal protein of penicillium chrysogenum (paf) did not influence the antifungal activity of chib or enga, but showed antagonistic effect with ecb on a. nidulans, a. rugulosus and a. ...201324275596
molecular identification of isolated fungi from stored apples in riyadh, saudi arabia.fungi causes most plant disease. when fruits are stored at suboptimal conditions, fungi grows, and some produce mycotoxin which can be dangerous for human consumption. studies have shown that the penicillium and monilinia species commonly cause spoilage of fruits, especially apples. several other genera and species were reported to grow to spoil fruits. this study was conducted to isolate and identify fruit spoilage by fungi on apples collected in riyadh, saudi arabia and conduct a molecular ide ...201324235866
identification of ochratoxin a producing fungi associated with fresh and dry liquorice.the presence of fungi on liquorice could contaminate the crop and result in elevated levels of mycotoxin. in this study, the mycobiota associated with fresh and dry liquorice was investigated in 3 producing regions of china. potential toxigenic fungi were tested for ochratoxin a (ota) and aflatoxin b1 (afb1) production using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. based on a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, β-tubulin and rna polymerase ii second largest subu ...201324205182
exposure assessment of lovastatin in pu-erh tea.this paper reports the results of an extensive survey on the levels of lovastatin in pu-erh tea samples. the microbial source of lovastatin was assessed by testing the ability of fungi with higher isolation frequency in the pu-erh tea samples to produce lovastatin on czapek yeast extract agar (cya). lovastatin was not detected in any of the raw pu-erh tea samples without storage but was found in almost all the ripe pu-erh tea samples, with lovastatin contents ranging from 20.61 ng/gdw to 226.38 ...201323587710
volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of artemisia absinthium growing in western ghats region of north west karnataka, india.artemisia absinthium l. (asteraceae) is an aromatic, herbaceous, perennial plant commonly known as wormwood. artemisia absinthium is traditionally used as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic and for bacillary dysentery, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.201323570523
broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models.a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ...201323160868
microwave assisted synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones; synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones.the present article describes the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2a-h) under microwave irradiation. the product was obtained in excellent yield (74-94%) in a shorter reaction time (2 min). these molecules (2a, b) further reacted with various substituted 4-bromomethylcoumarins (3a-f) to yield a new series of coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (4a-h). the structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral studies an ...201324056147
a preliminary survey on the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contaminating red rice at consumer level in selangor, malaysia.red rice is a fermented product of monascus spp. it is widely consumed by malaysian chinese who believe in its pharmacological properties. the traditional method of red rice preparation disregards safety regulation and renders red rice susceptible to fungal infestation and mycotoxin contamination. a preliminary study was undertaken aiming to determine the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contamination on red rice at consumer level in selangor, malaysia. fifty red rice samples wer ...201323242851
biochemical characterization of a gh53 endo-β-1,4-galactanase and a gh35 exo-β-1,4-galactanase from penicillium chrysogenum.an endo-β-1,4-galactanase (pcgal1) and an exo-β-1,4-galactanase (pcgalx35c) were purified from the culture filtrate of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. pcgal1 and pcgalx35c cdnas encoding pcgal1 and pcgalx35c were isolated by in vitro cloning. the deduced amino acid sequences of pcgal1 and pcgalx35c are highly similar to a putative endo-β-1,4-galactanase of aspergillus terreus (70% amino acid identity) and a putative β-galactosidase of neosartorya fischeri (72%), respectively. pfam analysis revealed ...201322584433
purification and characterization of a novel antifungal protein secreted by penicillium chrysogenum from an arctic sediment.a fungal strain, penicillium chrysogenum a096, was isolated from an arctic sediment sample. its culture supernatant inhibited mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. after saturation of p. chrysogenum a096 culture supernatant with ammonium sulfate and ion exchange chromatography, a novel antifungal protein (pc-arctin) was purified and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-time of flight-mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-tof-ms). the gene encoding for pc-arct ...201323474616
biochemical and immunological analysis of mould skin prick test solution: current status of standardization.sensitization prevalence to moulds reached from less than 10% in the general population to more than 25% in atopic and/or asthmatic subjects. to diagnose ige-mediated mould sensitization, skin prick test (spt) and specific ige (sige) measurement are recommended. however, concordance of spt and sige results is often less than 50% and standardization of the extracts is required to achieve reliable test results.201324152161
in vitro antioxidant and antifungal properties of essential oils obtained from aromatic herbs endemic to the southeast of spain.the aim of this work was to determine (i) the antioxidant capacity of thymus moroderi, thymus piperella, santolina chamaecyparissus, and sideritis angustifolia essential oils (eos) by means of four different antioxidant tests (the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method, the ferrous ion-chelating ability assay, the ferric reducing antioxidant power test, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive species test) and (ii) the antifungal activity against molds and yeast of these eos by th ...201323834797
fungal food choices of dermatophagoides farinae affect indoor fungi selection and dispersal.house dust mite (hdm) feces and molds are the main allergens involved in allergic asthma. differences exist between the housing fungal biome of allergic patients and standard or unhealthy housing. house dust mite (hdm) feed off spores and transport them on their bodies, but do they have fungal food preferences? we observed dermatophagoïdes farinae in vitro with 16 mold menus and repeated the experiment 10 times. this observation led us to define alternaria alternata, cladosporium sphaerospermum, ...201322774849
efficient gene targeting in penicillium chrysogenum using novel agrobacterium-mediated transformation approaches.the industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics by penicillium chrysogenum has increased tremendously over the last decades, however, further optimization via classical strain and process improvement has reached its limits. the availability of the genome sequence provides new opportunities for directed strain improvement, but this requires the establishment of an efficient gene targeting (gt) system. recently, mutations affecting the non-homologous end joining (nhej) pathway were shown to incr ...201323994321
selection of enhanced antimicrobial activity posing lactic acid bacteria characterised by (gtg)5-pcr fingerprinting.the aim of the study was a detail evaluation of genetic diversity among the lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains having an advantage of a starter culture in order to select genotypically diverse strains with enhanced antimicrobial effect on some harmfull and pathogenic microorganisms. antimicrobial activity of lab was performed by the agar well diffusion method and was examined against the reference strains and foodborne isolates of bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, staphy ...201426139877
comparative sequence analysis and mutagenesis of ethylene forming enzyme (efe) 2-oxoglutarate/fe(ii)-dependent dioxygenase homologs.ethylene is one of the most used chemical monomers derived from non-renewable sources and we are investigating the possibility of producing it in yeast via the ethylene forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae. to enable engineering strategies to improve the enzyme, it is necessary to identify the regions and amino acid residues involved in ethylene formation.201425278273
functional characterization of a penicillium chrysogenum mutanase gene induced upon co-cultivation with bacillus subtilis.microbial gene expression is strongly influenced by environmental growth conditions. comparison of gene expression under different conditions is frequently used for functional analysis and to unravel regulatory networks, however, gene expression responses to co-cultivation with other microorganisms, a common occurrence in nature, is rarely studied under laboratory conditions. to explore cellular responses of the antibiotic-producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum to prokaryotes, the present stud ...201424884713
the effect of saprotrophic fungi on the development and hatching of fasciola hepatica eggs.the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 6 common soil fungi species: alternaria alternata (fr.) keissl., aspergillus candidus link, penicillium chrysogenum thom, p. commune thom, trichothecium roseum (pers.) link and ulocladium sp., on the hatching of miracidia, i.e., free living larvae of liver fluke (fasciola hepatica). to this end, the eggs of f. hepatica were incubated in water in the presence of one of the aforementioned fungi species and in tap water (control) at a temperature ...201425134345
identification accuracy and diversity reproducibility associated with internal transcribed spacer-based fungal taxonomic library preparation.this study investigated analytical parameters that are inherently relevant to identifying and quantifying fungal communities based on polymerase chain reaction amplicons. specifically, we evaluated the accuracy of the blastn-based identification for internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences generated from pure cultures, and quantified the reproducibility of relative abundances as well as α and β diversity measurements using duplicated environmental samples. the blastn-based method produced acc ...201424237760
cytotoxic and antifungal activities of melleolide antibiotics follow dissimilar structure-activity relationships.the fungal genus armillaria is unique in that it is the only natural source of melleolide antibiotics, i.e., protoilludene alcohols esterified with orsellinic acid or its derivatives. this class of natural products is known to exert antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. here, we present a refined relationship between the structure and the antimicrobial activity of the melleolides. using both agar diffusion and broth dilution assays, we identified the δ(2,4)-double bond of the protoilludene moiety ...201424906293
screening of indigenously isolated fungi for lovastatin production and its in vivo evaluation.seven indigenously isolated fungal strains (aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, penicillium citrinum, penicillium notatum, pleurotus ostreatus and trichoderma viradae) were tested for their potential to produce cholesterol lowering drug lovastatin by using different agro-industrial wastes (corn cobs, corn stover, banana stalk, wheat straw, wheat bran, bagasse) in submerged as well as solid state fermentation. aspergillus terreus showed maximum production of 18.74 mg/100 m ...201424894549
penicillium antifungal protein (paf) is involved in the apoptotic and autophagic processes of the producer penicillium chrysogenum.paf, which is produced by the filamentous fungus pencicillium chrysogenum, is a small antifungal protein, triggering ros-mediated apoptotic cell death in aspergillus nidulans. in this work, we provide information on the function of paf in the host p. chrysogenum considering that carbon-starving cultures of the δpaf mutant strain showed significantly reduced apoptosis rates in comparison to the wild-type (wt) strain. moreover, the addition of paf to the δpaf strain resulted in a twofold increase ...201425261948
direct involvement of the crea transcription factor in penicillin biosynthesis and expression of the pcbab gene in penicillium chrysogenum.the transcription factor crea is the main regulator responsible for carbon repression in filamentous fungi. crea is a wide domain regulator that binds to regulatory elements in the promoters of target genes to repress their transcription. penicillin biosynthesis and the expression of penicillin biosynthetic genes are subject to carbon repression. however, evidence of the participation of crea in this regulation is still lacking, and previous studies on the promoter of the pcbc gene of aspergillu ...201424818689
extra- and intracellular lactose catabolism in penicillium chrysogenum: phylogenetic and expression analysis of the putative permease and hydrolase genes.penicillium chrysogenum is used as an industrial producer of penicillin. we investigated its catabolism of lactose, an abundant component of whey used in penicillin fermentation, comparing the type strain nrrl 1951 with the high producing strain as-p-78. both strains grew similarly on lactose as the sole carbon source under batch conditions, exhibiting almost identical time profiles of sugar depletion. in silico analysis of the genome sequences revealed that p. chrysogenum features at least five ...201424690910
submicronic fungal bioaerosols: high-resolution microscopic characterization and quantification.submicronic particles released from fungal cultures have been suggested to be additional sources of personal exposure in mold-contaminated buildings. in vitro generation of these particles has been studied with particle counters, eventually supplemented by autofluorescence, that recognize fragments by size and discriminate biotic from abiotic particles. however, the fungal origin of submicronic particles remains unclear. in this study, submicronic fungal particles derived from aspergillus fumiga ...201425217010
concentration of bioaerosols in composting plants using different quantification methods.bioaerosols (organic dusts) containing viable and non-viable microorganisms and their metabolic products can lead to adverse health effects in exposed workers. standard quantification methods of airborne microorganisms are mainly based on cultivation, which often underestimates the microbial burden. the aim of the study was to determine the microbial load in german composting plants with different, mainly cultivation-independent, methods. second purpose was to evaluate which working areas are as ...201424759376
synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of chemically and fungal-produced silver nanoparticles against trichophyton rubrum.to characterize and explore the potential in extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus oryzae and to investigate the antifungal effect of chemically vs biologically synthesized agnps comparing with conventional antifungal drugs against trichophyton rubrum.201425234047
isolation and characterization of formaldehyde-degrading fungi and its formaldehyde metabolism.formaldehyde is classified as a human carcinogen that may cause nasopharyngeal cancer and probably leukemia. the effects of environmental and nutritional factors on fungal growth and the biodegradation of formaldehyde were investigated. fungal strains sgfa1 and sgfa3 isolated from untreated sewage sediment samples collected from heavily formaldehyde-contaminated areas were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular techniques and named as aspergillus nomius sgfa1 and penicilliu ...201424464080
fermentative recovery of lipids and proteins from freshwater fish head waste with reference to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysate.effectiveness of fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (lab) for recovering lipids and proteins simultaneously from freshwater fish head (fwh) was evaluated. three different proteolytic lab (pediococcus acidilactici ncim5368, enterococcus faecium ncim5335 and pediococcus acidilactici fd3) isolated from fish processing wastes were employed in the fermentation process. the fermentation conditions involved 10 % (w/w) glucose, 2 % (w/w) nacl and 10 % (v/w) lab cultures at 37 °c. the process result ...201425190843
oxidative dearomatisation: the key step of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis†electronic supplementary information (esi) available: containing all experimental details. see doi: 10.1039/c3sc52911hclick here for additional data file.an fad-dependent monooxygenase encoding gene (sorbc) was cloned from penicillium chrysogenum e01-10/3 and expressed as a soluble protein in escherichia coli. the enzyme efficiently performed the oxidative dearomatisation of sorbicillin and dihydrosorbicillin to give sorbicillinol and dihydrosorbicillinol respectively. bioinformatic examination of the gene cluster surrounding sorbc indicated the presence of two polyketide synthase (pks) encoding genes designated sorba and sorbb. the gene sorba-en ...201425580210
biotic elicitor enhanced production of psoralen in suspension cultures of psoralea corylifolia l.cell cultures of psoralea corylifolia l. were established from the leaf disk derived callus. the effect of different biotic elicitors prepared from the fungal extract (aspergillus niger and penicillium notatum), yeast extract and chitosan with different concentrations was studied. the increased synthesis of psoralen in 16-day old cell cultures under 16 h of light and 8 h of dark period was studied. elicitation of psoralen in a. niger elicitor treated cells was found 9-fold higher over control ce ...201425313287
synthesis of mannich bases: 2-(3-phenylaminopropionyloxy)-benzoic acid and 3-phenylamino-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one, their toxicity, ionization constant, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.mannich bases 2-(3-phenylaminopropionyloxy)-benzoic acid (a) and 3-phenylamino-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (b) were synthesized. structures were confirmed by ultraviolet/visible and infra-red spectroscopies. the ionization constant (pka) values at 8.3 and 8.0 reported for compounds a and b, respectively, indicated that protonation might occur at physiological ph. the lc50 values of 145,595 μg/ml (a) and 82,526 μg/ml (b) obtained from brine shrimp lethality testing showed that both c ...201425038706
the use of real-time pcr to study penicillium chrysogenum growth kinetics on solid food at different water activities.fungal growth on solid foods can make them unfit for human consumption, but certain specialty foods require fungi to produce their characteristic properties. in either case, a reliable way of measuring biomass is needed to study how various factors (e.g. water activity) affect fungal growth rates on these substrates. biochemical markers such as chitin, glucosamine or ergosterol have been used to estimate fungal growth, but they cannot distinguish between individual species in mixed culture. in t ...201425036772
lag time for germination of penicillium chrysogenum conidia is induced by temperature shifts.in the environment, fungal conidia are subject to transient conditions. in particular, temperature is varying according to day/night periods. all predictive models for germination assume that fungal spores can adapt instantaneously to changes of temperature. the only study that supports this assumption (gougouli and koutsoumanis, 2012, modelling germination of fungal spores at constant and fluctuating temperature conditions. international journal of food microbiology, 152: 153-161) was carried o ...201424929731
antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (amps lr14) derived from lactobacillus plantarum strain lr/14 and their applications in prevention of grain spoilage.the concern for food safety has led to an increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobials. keeping this aim in mind, we have investigated the antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (amps lr14) produced by lactobacillus plantarum strain lr/14 against four spoilage fungi, namely, aspergillus niger, rhizopus stolonifer, mucor racemosus and penicillium chrysogenum. interestingly, all the four fungi were inhibited, suggesting that amps lr14 exhibited anti-fungal property. the pepti ...201424929709
effect of low shear modeled microgravity on phenotypic and central chitin metabolism in the filamentous fungi aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum.phenotypic and genotypic changes in aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum, spore forming filamentous fungi, with respect to central chitin metabolism were studied under low shear modeled microgravity, normal gravity and static conditions. low shear modeled microgravity (lsmmg) response showed a similar spore germination rate with normal gravity and static conditions. interestingly, high ratio of multiple germ tube formation of a. niger in lsmmg condition was observed. confocal laser scan ...201424803238
control of spoilage fungi by protective lactic acid bacteria displaying probiotic properties.thirty-six lactic acid bacteria belong to lactococcus, lactobacillus, enterococcus, and pediococcus were isolated, and the spectrum of antifungal activity was verified against fusarium oxysporum (kacc 42109), aspergillus niger (kacc 42589), fusarium moniliforme (kacc 08141), penicillium chrysogenum (nii 08137), and the yeast candida albicans (mtcc 3017). three isolates, identified as pediococcus pentosaceus (tg2), lactobacillus casei (dy2), and lactococcus (bsn) were selected further, and their ...201424532445
gemini alkyldeoxy-d-glucitolammonium salts as modern surfactants and microbiocides: synthesis, antimicrobial and surface activity, biodegradation.dimeric quaternary alkylammonium salts possess a favourable surface and antimicrobial activity. in this paper we describe synthesis, spectroscopic analysis, surface and antimicrobial activity as well as biodegradability of polymethylene-α,ω-bis(n,n-dialkyl-n-deoxy-d-glucitolammonium iodides), a new group of dimeric quaternary ammonium salts. this new group of gemini surfactants can be produced from chemicals which come from renewable sources. the structure of products has been determined by the ...201424416314
sorbicatechols a and b, antiviral sorbicillinoids from the marine-derived fungus penicillium chrysogenum pjx-17.two novel sorbicillinoids combining a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane with a 2-methoxyphenol moiety, named sorbicatechols a (1) and b (2), were isolated from the culture of the marine sediment-derived fungus penicillium chrysogenum pjx-17, together with the known protocatechuic acid methyl ester and caffeic acid methyl ester (3). their structures, including absolute configurations, were assigned by analysis of nmr, ms data, and tddft ecd calculations. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited activities against influenz ...201424495078
hepatitis c virus ns3-ns4a protease inhibitors from the endophytic penicillium chrysogenum isolated from the red alga liagora viscida.hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3-ns4a protease is an attractive target for anti-hcv agents because of its important role in replication. in this work, we demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus penicillium chrysogenum exhibited a potent activity against hcv ns3-ns4a protease with an ic50 value of 20 microg/ml. the fungus was isolated from the red alga liagora viscida and identified by its morphology and 18s rdna. large-scale fermentation of the fungus in czapek's peptone ...201424459769
a new variant of self-excising β-recombinase/six cassette for repetitive gene deletion and homokaryon purification in neurospora crassa.in a previous study, we developed a cassette employing a bacterial β-recombinase acting on six recognition sequences (β-rec/six), which allowed repetitive site-specific gene deletion and marker recycling in neurospora crassa. however, only one positive selection marker was used in the cassette. a tedious subsequent procedure was needed to purify homokaryons due to the lack of a negative selection after cassette eviction. additionally, the endoxylanase xylp promoter from penicillium chrysogenum u ...201424556286
molecular cloning and expression of fungal cellobiose transporters and β-glucosidases conferring efficient cellobiose fermentation in saccharomyces cerevisiae.cellobiose was once regarded as a byproduct that should be removed from biomass hydrolysates because of its inhibitory activity to cellulases. it was revealed, however, that cellobiose could serve as a co-substrate for xylose fermentation by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae. despite its advantages, to date, little is known about cellodextrin transporters that endow s. cerevisiae with cellobiose transporting ability. in this study, engineered s. cerevisiae strains capable of fermenting cellobi ...201424184384
cryo-em near-atomic structure of a dsrna fungal virus shows ancient structural motifs preserved in the dsrna viral lineage.viruses evolve so rapidly that sequence-based comparison is not suitable for detecting relatedness among distant viruses. structure-based comparisons suggest that evolution led to a small number of viral classes or lineages that can be grouped by capsid protein (cp) folds. here, we report that the cp structure of the fungal dsrna penicillium chrysogenum virus (pcv) shows the progenitor fold of the dsrna virus lineage and suggests a relationship between lineages. cryo-em structure at near-atomic ...201424821769
penicillium strains isolated from slovak grape berries taxonomy assessment by secondary metabolite profile.the secondary metabolite profiles of microfungi of the genus penicillium isolated from samples of grape berries collected in two different phases during two vegetative seasons in slovakia is described to assess the taxonomy. three slovak vine regions have been selected for this study, based on their climatic differences and national economic importance. cultures of microfungi isolated from berries were incubated on different selective media for macro and micromorphology identification. the speci ...201425109845
[studies on dynamics of proteolytic enzyme activity in penicillium chrysogenum in accumulation of penicillin in culture media]. 201424545158
[physiological characteristics of various strains of penicillium chrysogenum; certain characteristics of metabolism in strains b-51-20, 31 & 24]. 201424545157
[proteolytic enzymes in penicillium chrysogenum q-176]. 201424545063
[role of inositol phosphoric acids in metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum]. 201424544538
[studies on physiological properties of various strains of penicillin-producing-penicillium chrysogenum]. 201424544537
assessing the allergenic potential of molds found in water-damaged homes in a mouse model.damp/moldy indoor environments, which have resulted from flooding events and may increase as a result of climate change, have been associated with asthma exacerbation. certain molds found in significantly higher or lower concentrations in asthmatics' homes compared to control homes have been categorized as group 1 (g1) and group 2 (g2) molds, respectively. we have compared the allergic potential of selected g1/g2 molds to house dust mite (hdm) in a mouse model. balb/c mice were exposed to mold ( ...201424987979
a non-canonical nrps is involved in the synthesis of fungisporin and related hydrophobic cyclic tetrapeptides in penicillium chrysogenum.the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum harbors an astonishing variety of nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes, which encode proteins known to produce complex bioactive metabolites from simple building blocks. here we report a novel non-canonical tetra-modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) with microheterogenicity of all involved adenylation domains towards their respective substrates. by deleting the putative gene in combination with comparative metabolite profiling various uni ...201424887561
a novel low-temperature-active pectin methylesterase from penicillium chrysogenum f46 with high efficiency in fruit firming.a pectin methylesterase gene (pe8f46) was cloned from penicillium chrysogenum f46 and successfully expressed in pichia pastoris. the full-length cdna consists of 969 bp and encodes a 322-residue polypeptide with the calculated molecular weight of 34.1 kda. deduced pe8f46 belongs to family 8 of carbohydrate esterases and shares 54% identity with a functionally characterised counterpart from myceliophthora thermophile. purified recombinant pe8f46 showed the optimal activity at ph 5.0 and 40°c, and ...201424874380
structural variation among wild and industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum.strain selection and strain improvement are the first, and arguably most important, steps in the industrial production of biological compounds by microorganisms. while traditional methods of mutagenesis and selection have been effective in improving production of compounds at a commercial scale, the genetic changes underpinning the altered phenotypes have remained largely unclear. we utilized high-throughput illumina short read sequencing of a wild penicillium chrysogenum strain in order to make ...201424824901
a novel gh43 α-l-arabinofuranosidase of penicillium chrysogenum that preferentially degrades single-substituted arabinosyl side chains in arabinan.we previously described three α-l-arabinofuranosidases (abfs) secreted by penicillium chrysogenum 31b. here, we purified a fourth abf, termed pcabf43a, from the culture filtrate. the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 31kda. pcabf43a had the highest activity at 35°c and at around ph 5. the enzyme activity was strong on sugar beet l-arabinan but weak on debranched arabinan and arabinoxylan. low molecular-mass substrates such as p-nitrophenyl α-l-arabinofuranoside, α-1,5-l-arabinooli ...201424731829
molys2 is necessary for growth, conidiogenesis, lysine biosynthesis, and pathogenicity in magnaporthe oryzae.amino acid biosyntheses are complex but essential processes in growth and differentiation of eukaryotic cells. in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the lysine biosynthesis via the α-aminoadipate (aa) pathway involves several steps, including reduction of aa to aa 6-semialdehyde by aa reductase sclys2. in filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum, disruption of the lys2 gene blocked the lysine biosynthesis but promoted the production of the secondary metabolite penicillin. in compariso ...201424731804
improved sample preparation for intact cell mass spectrometry (biotyping) of mycelium samples taken from a batch fermentation process of penicillium chrysogenum.penicillium chrysogenum is an important species in biotechnology and an improved production rate for penicillin drug variants is of utmost interest. intact cell mass spectrometry (icms) or biotyping can be a novel and time-saving tool to monitor a fermentation process of penicillium strains for fast intervention during penicillin production.201424623701
synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of pyrimidinyl benzoxazole, benzothiazole and benzimidazole.a variety of pyrimidinyl benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles linked by thio, methylthio and amino moieties were prepared and studied their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. the compound pyrimidinyl bis methylthio benzimidazole 22 was a potent antimicrobial agent particularly against staphylococcus aureus (29 mm, mic 12.5 μg/ml) and penicillium chrysogenum (38 mm, mic 12.5 μg/ml). the amino linked pyrimidinyl bis benzothiazole 24 exhibited cytotoxic activity on a549 cells with i ...201424607584
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate oxidative stress induced by ador and enhance antioxidant responses of tomato plants.the behaviour of tomato plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi grown in the presence of aqueous extracts from dry olive residue (ador) was studied in order to understand how this symbiotic relationship helps plants to cope with oxidative stress caused by ador. the influence of am symbiosis on plant growth and other physiological parameters was also studied. tomato plants were inoculated with the am fungus funneliformis mosseae and were grown in the presence of ador bioremediate ...201424594394
purification and biochemical characterization of a novel alkaline protease produced by penicillium nalgiovense.penicillium nalgiovense pna9 produces an extracellular protease during fermentation with characteristics of growth-associated product. enzyme purification involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration, resulting in 12.1-fold increase of specific activity (19.5 u/mg). the protein was isolated through a series of bn-page and native page runs. esi-ms analysis confirmed the molecular mass of 45.2 kda. n-terminal sequencing (mgflkllkgslatlavvnagklltandgde) revealed 93 % simil ...201424585382
genome sequencing of high-penicillin producing industrial strain of penicillium chrysogenum.due to the importance of penicillium chrysogenum holding in medicine, the genome of low-penicillin producing laboratorial strain wisconsin54-1255 had been sequenced and fully annotated. through classical mutagenesis of wisconsin54-1255, product titers and productivities of penicillin have dramatically increased, but what underlying genome structural variations is still little known. therefore, genome sequencing of a high-penicillin producing industrial strain is very meaningful.201424564352
genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of penicillium chrysogenum kf-25.penicillium chrysogenum has been used in producing penicillin and derived β-lactam antibiotics for many years. although the genome of the mutant strain p. chrysogenum wisconsin 54-1255 has already been sequenced, the versatility and genetic diversity of this species still needs to be intensively studied. in this study, the genome of the wild-type p. chrysogenum strain kf-25, which has high activity against ustilaginoidea virens, was sequenced and characterized.201424555742
new insights into the isopenicillin n transport in penicillium chrysogenum.in penicillium chrysogenum the beta-lactam biosynthetic pathway is compartmentalized. this fact forces the occurrence of transport processes of penicillin-intermediate molecules across cell membranes. many aspects around this molecular traffic remain obscure but are supposed to involve transmembrane transporter proteins. in the present work, an in-depth study has been developed on a major facilitator-type secondary transporter from p. chrysogenum named as penm. the reduction of penm expression l ...201424480587
expression, characterization and homology modeling of a novel eukaryotic gh84 β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from penicillium chrysogenum.β-n-acetylglucosaminidases from the family 84 of glycoside hydrolases form a small group of glycosidases in eukaryotes responsible for the modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with o-glcnac, thus they are involved in a number of important cell processes. here, the first fungal β-n-acetylglucosaminidase from penicillium chrysogenum was expressed in pichia pastoris and secreted into the media, purified and characterized. moreover, homology modeling and substrate and inhibitor docking wer ...201424434566
prelude to rational scale-up of penicillin production: a scale-down study.penicillin is one of the best known pharmaceuticals and is also an important member of the β-lactam antibiotics. over the years, ambitious yields, titers, productivities, and low costs in the production of the β-lactam antibiotics have been stepwise realized through successive rounds of strain improvement and process optimization. penicillium chrysogenum was proven to be an ideal cell factory for the production of penicillin, and successful approaches were exploited to elevate the production tit ...201424413978
determination of the effects of initial glucose on the production of α-amylase from penicillium sp. under solid-state and submerged fermentation.the effects of catabolite repression of initial glucose on the synthesis of α-amylase from penicillium chrysogenum and penicillium griseofulvum were investigated under solid-state fermentation (ssf) and submerged fermentation (smf) systems. the results obtained from either fermentation were compared with each other. in the smf system, initial glucose concentration above 10 mg/ml completely repressed the production of α-amylase from p. chrysogenum and p. griseofulvum. however, the repression in t ...201426019493
detergent-like stressor and nutrient in metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum.the influence of detergents on the metabolism of penicillium chrysogenum from two aspects, as a stress factor and potential nutrient, was studied. the fungus was isolated from the river bed lepenica, kragujevac, at a place where sewage domestic wastewater discharged into the river. the fungus was grown in a liquid nutrient medium according to czapek with and without addition of commercial detergent (merix, henkel, serbia) at a concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%. the biochemical changes of ph, redox ...201426019487
flux response of glycolysis and storage metabolism during rapid feast/famine conditions in penicillium chrysogenum using dynamic (13)c labeling.the scale-up of fermentation processes frequently leads to a reduced productivity compared to small-scale screening experiments. large-scale mixing limitations that lead to gradients in substrate and oxygen availability could influence the microorganism performance. here, the impact of substrate gradients on a penicillin g producing penicillium chrysogenum cultivation was analyzed using an intermittent glucose feeding regime. the intermittent feeding led to fluctuations in the extracellular gluc ...201424376125
compartmentalization in penicillin g biosynthesis by penicillium chrysogenum pq-96.the arrangement of organelles in the sub-apical productive non-growing vacuolated hyphal cells of the high- and the low-penicillin-pro- ducing strains penicillium chrysogenum was compared using transmission electron microscopy. in the productive cells of the high-yielding strain the endoplasmic reticulum and the polyribosomes with associated peroxisomes are frequently arranged at the periphery of the cytoplasm and around the vacuoles. at the high activity of penicillin g biosynthesis the immuno- ...201425804059
[formation of trans-1,3-pentadiene in off-flavor food].the purpose of the present study is to investigate the production of trans-1,3-pentadiene in a sorbic acid-containing food which was the subject of a complaint that it was off-flavor. penicillium sp. was isolated from the off-flavor food. the isolated penicillium sp. was identified as penicillium chrysogenum by dna sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the d1/d2 region of the 28s subunit. when p. chrysogenum was cultured in the presence of potassium sorbate, trans-1,3-pentadie ...201425743384
qpcr standard operating procedure for measuring microorganisms in dust from dwellings in large cohort studies.the aim of the present study was to assess performance, feasibility and relevance of a standard operational procedure (sop) for large-scale use in the microbial analysis of children's indoor environments. we analyzed dust settled on electrostatic dust fall collectors (edcs) by using qpcr which targeted 6 molds, 3 bacteria and 1 mite, chosen for their involvement in allergic or inflammatory processes. six types of commercialized electrostatic wipes were tested for their releasing capacity of fung ...201423973537
molecular characterization of the pr-toxin gene cluster in penicillium roqueforti and penicillium chrysogenum: cross talk of secondary metabolite pathways.the pr-toxin is a potent mycotoxin produced by penicillium roqueforti in moulded grains and grass silages and may contaminate blue-veined cheese. the pr-toxin derives from the 15 carbon atoms sesquiterpene aristolochene formed by the aristolochene synthase (encoded by ari1). we have cloned and sequenced a four gene cluster that includes the ari1 gene from p. roqueforti. gene silencing of each of the four genes (named prx1 to prx4) resulted in a reduction of 65-75% in the production of pr-toxin i ...201424239699
sacrolide a, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic oxylipin macrolide from the edible cyanobacterium aphanothece sacrum.macroscopic gelatinous colonies of freshwater cyanobacterium aphanothece sacrum, a luxury ingredient for japanese cuisine, were found to contain a new oxylipin-derived macrolide, sacrolide a (1), as an antimicrobial component. the configuration of two chiral centers in 1 was determined by a combination of chiral anisotropy analysis and conformational analysis of different ring-opened derivatives. compound 1 inhibited the growth of some species of gram-positive bacteria, yeast saccharomyces cerev ...201425161741
complete sequencing and chromosome-scale genome assembly of the industrial progenitor strain p2niad18 from the penicillin producer penicillium chrysogenum.penicillium chrysogenum is the major industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the industrial progenitor strain p. chrysogenum p2niad18 in a chromosome-scale genome assembly. p2niad18 is distinguished from the recently sequenced p. chrysogenum wisconsin 54-1255 strain by major chromosomal rearrangements leading to a modified chromosomal architecture.201425059858
yeast hxk2 gene reverts glucose regulation mutation of penicillin biosynthesis in p. chrysogenum.the mutant penicillium chrysogenum strain dogr5, derived from strain as-p-78, does not respond to glucose regulation of penicillin biosynthesis and β-galactosidase, and is partially deficient in d-glucose phosphorilating activity. we have transformed strain dogr5 with the (hexokinase) hxk2 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae. transformants recovered glucose control of penicillin biosynthesis in different degrees, and acquired a hexokinase (fructose phosphorylating) activity absent in strains as- ...201425477921
reminiscence of phospholipase b in penicillium notatum.since the phospholipase b (plb) was reported as a deacylase of both lecithin and lysolecithin yielding fatty acids and glycerophosphocholine (gpc), there was a question as to whether it is a single enzyme or a mixture of a phospholipase a2 (pla2) and a lysophospholipase (lpl). we purified the plb in penicillium notatum and showed that it catalyzed deacylation of sn-1 and sn-2 fatty acids of 1,2-diacylphospholipids and also sn-1 or sn-2 fatty acids of 1- or 2-monoacylphospholipids (lysophospholip ...201425391318
purification and immobilization of l-arginase from thermotolerant penicillium chrysogenum kj185377.1; with unique kinetic properties as thermostable anticancer enzyme.l-arginase, hydrolyzing l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea, is a powerful anticancer, l-arginine-depleting agent, against argininosuccinate synthase expressing tumors. otherwise, the higher antigenicity and lower thermal stability of this enzyme was the main biochemical hurdles. since, the intrinsic thermal stability of enzymes follow the physiological temperature of their producer, thus, characterization of l-arginase from thermotolerant penicillium chrysogenum was the objective of this study. ...201425322968
metdfba: incorporating time-resolved metabolomics measurements into dynamic flux balance analysis.understanding cellular adaptation to environmental changes is one of the major challenges in systems biology. to understand how cellular systems react towards perturbations of their steady state, the metabolic dynamics have to be described. dynamic properties can be studied with kinetic models but development of such models is hampered by limited in vivo information, especially kinetic parameters. therefore, there is a need for mathematical frameworks that use a minimal amount of kinetic informa ...201525315283
the development of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation simulation.this paper describes a simulation of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation that can be used as a benchmark in process systems analysis and control studies. the simulation was developed using a mechanistic model and validated using historical data collected from an industrial-scale penicillin fermentation process. each batch was carried out in a 100,000 l bioreactor that used an industrial strain of penicillium chrysogenum. the manipulated variables recorded during each batch were used as in ...201525449107
intact cell mass spectrometry as a progress tracking tool for batch and fed-batch fermentation processes.penicillin production during a fermentation process using industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum is a research topic permanently discussed since the accidental discovery of the antibiotic. intact cell mass spectrometry (icms) can be a fast and novel monitoring tool for the fermentation progress during penicillin v production in a nearly real-time fashion. this method is already used for the characterization of microorganisms and the differentiation of fungal strains; therefore, the applic ...201525447465
cloning, recombinant expression and characterization of a new phytase from penicillium chrysogenum.the phy gene, which encodes a phytase in penicillium chrysogenum cct 1273, was cloned into the vector pan-52-1-phy and the resulting plasmid was used for the cotransformation of penicillium griseoroseum pg63 protoplasts. among the 91 transformants obtained, 23 were cotransformants. from there, the phytase activity of these 23 transformants was evaluated and p. griseoroseum t73 showed the highest. the recombinant strain p. griseoroseum t73 contained the phy gene integrated in at least three sites ...201525023696
[progress in proteomic study of the penicillin producer---penicillium chrysogenum].penicillin is a kind of β-lactam drug which has been applied in the clinical treatment firstly in the world, and it has still been widely used at present. the synthesis and regulation mechanism of penicillium chrysogenum, which is used to produce penicillin, has been studied quite maturely, but its proteomics research started relatively late and fewer reports were published. this paper reviews the synthesis and application of penicillin, transformation of penicillium chrysogenum, and the researc ...201527079113
role of penicillium chrysogenum xj-1 in the detoxification and bioremediation of cadmium.microbial bioremediation is a promising technology to treat heavy metal-contaminated soils. however, the efficiency of filamentous fungi as bioremediation agents remains unknown, and the detoxification mechanism of heavy metals by filamentous fungi remains unclear. therefore, in this study, we investigated the cell morphology and antioxidant systems of penicillium chrysogenum xj-1 in response to different cadmium (cd) concentrations (0-10 mm) by using physico-chemical and biochemical methods. cd ...201526733967
untargeted metabolic profiling of winery-derived biomass waste degradation by penicillium chrysogenum.winery-derived biomass waste was degraded by penicillium chrysogenum under solid state fermentation over 8 days in a (2)h2o-supplemented medium. multivariate statistical analysis of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) data resulted in the identification of 94 significant metabolites, within 28 different metabolic pathways. the majority of biomass sugars were utilized by day 4 to yield products such as sugars, fatty acids, isoprenoids, and amino acids. the fungus was observed to meta ...201526611372
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