Publications

nomenclature for pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2783719
pregnancy-associated deaths due to aids in the united states.	from 1981 to 1988, eighty percent of all women with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) reported to the centers for disease control were of reproductive age. six pregnancy-associated deaths due to aids in this country have been reported in the medical literature. we identified 20 unpublished cases of women who died of aids during or within one year after termination of pregnancy. analysis showed that these women were mostly black or hispanic, half were intravenous drug abusers, and mos ...	1989	2783746
detection of abnormalities in febrile aids patients with in-111-labeled leukocyte and ga-67 scintigraphy.	thirty-six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), who were febrile but without localizing signs, underwent indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy 24 hours after injection of labeled white blood cells (wbcs) and were restudied 48 hours after injection of gallium-67 citrate. fifty-six abnormalities were identified as possible sources of the fever; 27 were confirmed with biopsy. of these 27, 15 were identified only on in-111 wbc scans (including colitis, sinusitis, and focal bacterial ...	1989	2783783
decreased yield of pneumocystis carinii from cortisonized rats.	thirty-five male sprague-dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, including 1 control and 2 experimental groups, in order to compare the efficacy of using cortisone acetate alone or in addition to intranasal inoculation of pneumocystis carinii organisms for the purpose of inducing acute p. carinii pneumonia. the presence of p. carinii was monitored in nasal secretions on a weekly basis and in lungs at autopsy. titers of igg antibody were also monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. no rat ...	1989	2783967
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with pentamidine.	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurred following intravenous pentamidine treatment of two aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. both patients also experienced drug-induced nephrotoxicity. patients receiving pentamidine must be observed for multisystem dysfunction, including the onset of severe diabetes mellitus. dosage adjustment or alternative therapy should be considered with the onset of toxicity.	1989	2784286
a clinical, histopathologic, and electron microscopic study of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis.	we studied the clinical and histopathologic features of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in two cases, a provisional diagnosis of disseminated p. carinii infection was made by ophthalmologic examination. the characteristic fundus changes in this infection consisted of numerous slightly elevated, plaque-like, yellow-white lesions located in the choroid and unassociated with signs of intraocular inflammation. the diagnosis was confirmed by ...	1989	2784287
aerosolized pentamidine as second line therapy in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the use of aerosolized pentamidine was investigated in ten patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who had previous or concurrent severe adverse reactions or contraindications to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or parenteral pentamidine. a dose of 600 mg pentamidine in 6 ml sterile water, aerosolized in a small-particle producing jet nebulizer was administered for 25 minutes once daily for an average of 10.5 days to these ten patients. a ...	1989	2784371
prognostic indicators in the initial presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	we prospectively evaluated 150 consecutive patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) as their sole initial manifestation of aids (group 1). admission laboratory and radiographic criteria were analyzed for diagnostic and prognostic indicators and compared with those of patients presenting with non-pcp pulmonary manifestations of aids (group 2). mean admission serum ldh level was 465 +/- 67 iu/l in pcp patients (group 1) and 211 +/- 28 iu/l in group 2 (p less than 0.01). seventy-eight per ...	1989	2784372
acute respiratory failure secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a potential role for systemic corticosteroids.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains the most frequent life-threatening complication of hiv infection. a retrospective study was undertaken in an attempt to establish the incidence of acute respiratory failure (arf) in aids-related pcp, its mortality, and the impact of adjuvant systemic corticosteroids on its outcome. of 127 aids-related pcp episodes diagnosed at st. paul's hospital between jan 1, 1981, and march 31, 1987, 27 developed arf (21 percent), and the 24 who consented to icu ad ...	1989	2784373
prevalence of pneumocystis carinii in slaughtered pigs.		1989	2784514
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with aids.		1989	2784519
phylogenetic association of pneumocystis carinii with the 'rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group' indicated by comparison of 5s ribosomal rna sequences.	the cytoplasmic 5s ribosomal rna (5s rrna) sequence from pneumocystis carinii was determined. a sequence comparison matrix of 382 eukaryote 5s rrna sequences and an evolutionary tree were constructed to establish the phylogenetic position of pneumocystis. the data suggest that pneumocystis is associated with the rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group (= 'protista fungi') but not with common fungi, such as ascomycota or basidiomycota, nor with other protozoa.	1989	2784539
bronchoscopy of symptom free patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus for detection of pneumocystosis.	no evidence of pneumocystis carinii infection was found in eight symptom free patients who were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus and who underwent bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and brush biopsy. this suggests that the presence of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoscopy material is likely to indicate pneumocystis infection.	1989	2784596
dapsone, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole plasma levels during treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). evidence of drug interactions.	to examine the interaction between dapsone and trimethoprim in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	1989	2784648
pneumocystis carinii hepatitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)		1989	2784649
anticardiolipin antibodies and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1989	2784650
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for psoriatic arthropathy.	a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy is described. this potentially fatal event was probably precipitated by an interaction between methotrexate and concurrent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, resulting in serious potentiation of the effects of methotrexate.	1989	2784662
common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on intravenous gamma-globulin therapy, and natural killer deficiency.	a toddler with common variable hypoimmunoglobulinemia (cvh), inflammatory bowel disease, and recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) on intravenous gammaglobulin (ivig) replacement was evaluated for a combined cellular immunodeficiency. he had a normal number of circulating t-cells, natural killer (nk) cells, t-cell subset percentages, and his peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm)-derived b-cell number was low. pbm mitogen blastogenesis and mixed lymphocyte reaction (mlr) were normal. mlr ac ...	1989	2784754
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].	cases of pneumocystic pneumonia were recorded among children with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs. epidemiological and clinicoroentgenological characteristics of pneumocystic pneumonia in 15 children at the age of 3 to 15 years with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs are presented. peculiar clinical manifestations of pneumocystic pneumonia in the children of the preschool and younger school ages were studied. special laboratory methods and in particular the immunofluorescence test (if ...	1989	2784855
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1989	2784869
megaloblastic pancytopenia associated with dapsone and trimethoprim treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1989	2784959
biopsy pathology of hiv infection: experience at st stephen's hospital, london.	in a 3 year period from the beginning of january 1985 to the end of december 1987, 474 biopsies obtained from 266 patients with serological evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection were examined. most frequent were skin biopsies of which 52% showed kaposi's sarcoma, and transbronchial lung biopsies of which 40% showed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. other opportunistic infections were much less common; mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found in six biopsies and cytomegalovirus in ...	1989	2785082
the society of protozoologists and the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. workshop on pneumocystis carinii. bristol, england, u.k., july 19-22, 1988.		1989	2785180
sequence from ribosomal rna of pneumocystis carinii compared to those of four fungi suggests an ascomycetous affinity.		1989	2785181
5s ribosomal rna sequence of pneumocystis carinii and its phylogenetic association with "rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group".	the cytoplasmic 5s ribosomal rna sequence from pneumocystis carinii was determined and compared with those of 382 eukaryotes and an evolutionary tree was constructed to establish the phylogenetic position of pneumocystis. the data suggest that pneumocystis is associated with the rhizopoda/myxomycota/zygomycota group but not with common fungi, such as ascomycota or basidiomycota, nor with other protozoa.	1989	2785182
enzymes of pneumocystis carinii: electrophoretic mobility on starch gels.		1989	2785183
yeast glucan in the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii.	ultrastructurally, the cyst wall of pneumocystis carinii consists of an electron-dense outer layer, an electron-lucent middle layer, and an innermost plasmalemma. this is similar in appearance to the cell wall of some yeasts, e.g. saccharomyces cerevisiae, which consists of an outer dense layer of mannan, a middle lucent layer of beta-1,3-glucan (yeast glucan) and an innermost plasmalemma. the cyst wall of p. carinii, as well as the cell wall of s. cerevisiae, can be labeled by a variety of meth ...	1989	2785184
propagation and purification of rat pneumocystis carinii in short-term cell culture.	a short-term cell culture is used to propagate and purify rat-derived pneumocystis carinii (pc). an aliquot of pelleted material washed out of the lungs of rats with moderate to severe pc pneumonia is cultured for 7 to 10 days on the adherent mink lung cell line mv 1 lu, and the rest of the material is frozen down in medium with 10% glycerol. although it has not been established that substantial multiplication of pc occurs in culture, the pc organisms harvested from the supernatant at the end of ...	1989	2785185
binary fission of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites grown in vitro.	trophozoites grown in vitro were shown to undergo binary fission by transmission electron microscopy (tem). standard fixation with subsequent embedding in spurr was employed using 3% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide with 5% sucrose added to both fixatives and 0.1 m cacodylate buffer washes. trophozoites were grown on wi-38 cells in vitro. trophozoites were found in various stages of fission. the dividing trophozoite has daughter cells that are rounder than the pleomorphic, non-dividing tro ...	1989	2785186
new system of in vitro cultivation of pneumocystis carinii without feeder cells.		1989	2785187
adherence of pneumocystis carinii in lung cells during in vitro cultivation.	this study describes an approach to cultivation of pneumocystis carinii (pc) on 2 cell lines derived from lung (a549, human and l2, rat) with emphasis on the organisms which adhered to the cells. immunofluorescent staining was used for growth assays.	1989	2785189
pneumocystis antigen appearance during immunosuppression.	the sequential appearance of pneumocystis carinii (pc) antigens during the progression of immunosuppression in rats was studied using the immunoblotting technique and specific immunologic probes. putative pc soluble antigens, with molecular weights of approximately 70 and 90 kd, were detected as early as 2 wk after initiation of immunosuppression in rats using a pool of monoclonal antibodies produced to pc isolated from lungs using enzymatic digestion. monoclonal antibodies produced to pc isolat ...	1989	2785190
organization of dna and rna from rat pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2785191
characterization of pneumocystis carinii monoclonal antibodies.		1989	2785192
noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in the rat using radiolabeled, nonspecific, human polyclonal immunoglobulin.		1989	2785193
interaction of pneumocystis carinii with secretions of alveolar macrophages and type ii epithelial cells.		1989	2785194
cloning of dna from pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2785195
ultrastructure of pneumocystis carinii: a freeze-fracture study.		1989	2785196
ultrastructural observations on life cycle stages of pneumocystis carinii.	an ultrastructural study of life cycle stages of pneumocystis carinii in infected rat lungs in situ was undertaken utilizing 8 different modes of fixation. three of the fixatives employed gave good fixation of cysts and intracystic bodies, but for the trophic forms fixation was only fair. both the trophic forms and intracystic bodies have nuclear pores. the mitochondria of the organism have cristae that appear lamellar. one of the fixation modes revealed a thin, electron-dense layer on the outer ...	1989	2785197
ultrastructural study of pneumocystis carinii in explant cultures of rabbit lung and in cultures with and without feeder cells.	pneumocystis carinii-parasitized lung explants were obtained from corticoid-treated rabbits and maintained in vitro. twenty-one days after the beginning of explant cultures, the ultrastructural morphology of trophozoite, precyst and cyst forms was normal as compared to the in vivo ultrastructure of p. carinii from infected rabbit. however, after the 36th day, only altered forms of p. carinii were observed. lung tissue showed only minor alterations. intracytoplasmic lamellar inclusions were obser ...	1989	2785198
structure of major surface determinants and dna diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen which causes fatal pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). to facilitate the basic study of p. carinii, we have analyzed its major surface proteins by both immunochemical and biochemical methods. the major protein components of both cysts and trophozoites are a group of proteins called "p115" with apparent masses of 105-120 kd. it includes 6 isoelectric variants. a monoclonal antibody raised against cysts recognizes all 6 vari ...	1989	2785199
analysis of a surface antigen of pneumocystis carinii.	the 115 kd band in polyacrylamide gels is a major antigen of pneumocystis carinii. data obtained from treatment with enzymes, binding to lectins, and labelling the surface with biotin suggest that this moiety is a glycoprotein containing mannosyl/glucosyl and n-acetylglucosamine residues, and that it is located on the cell wall of the organism. other rat and human p. carinii antigens also are glycoproteins but differ in specific protein or carbohydrate residues or location on the organism.	1989	2785200
lectins as probes to pneumocystis carinii surface glycocomplexes.	the binding characteristics of a panel of commercially available fitc-conjugated lectins to pneumocystis carinii (pc) were assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. rat pc obtained from infected lung homogenates were incubated with fitc-conjugated lectins in a series of concentrations, counterstained with propidium iodide, and analyzed for percent fluorescence and fluorescence intensity. all organisms bound concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda agglutinin, 2 representatives of the ...	1989	2785201
cross-reactive antigens of the rat and human pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2785202
analyses of pneumocystis fatty acids.	the major ester-linked fatty acids of the total lipids extracted from pneumocystis carinii isolated from the lungs of corticosteroid-treated rats were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4. others detected included 14:0, 16:1 and 22:4. the major sphingolipid fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 22:0, 24:0 and 24:1; others included 14:0, 18:1, 20:0, 23:0, 24:2 and 26:0. the total lipid fatty acid compositions of preparations from appropriate lung controls were similar to those of the organism.	1989	2785203
development of dna probes for pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2785204
the microscopic identification of pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2785205
treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with analogs of pentamidine.	seven analogs of pentamidine were tested for their activity against an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. structural alterations of the pentamidine molecule included variations of the alkyl chain linking the two p-amidino phenoxy moieties and relocation of the amidine groups from the para to the meta position on the phenoxy rings. all analogs of pentamidine were active against p. carinii pneumonia when compared to a saline-treated control group. one derivative, 1, 4-di ...	1989	2785206
an improved rat model to study efficacy of drugs for treatment or prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1989	2785207
the present status of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in japan with special reference to aids.		1989	2785208
therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization.		1989	2785231
the use of mucolysed induced sputum for the identification of pulmonary pathogens associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	we describe a system for diagnosis of pulmonary disease in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient using induced sputum and other diagnostic procedures. this system has been successfully used at san francisco (calif) general hospital for more than 2 years. it utilizes outpatient facilities and reduces the need for bronchoscopy. sputum induced by inhalation of 3% saline mist, mucolysed, concentrated by centrifugation, and stained by a rapid modified giemsa stain was the first diagnostic ...	1989	2785374
necrotizing pneumocystis carinii vasculitis associated with lung necrosis and cavitation in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pulmonary cavitation is an infrequent manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the pathogenesis of lung cavities associated with p carinii pneumonia has not been fully elucidated by detailed morphologic studies. this article describes a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and p carinii pneumonia who developed roentgenographically identified lung cavitation while being treated with azidothymidine. at autopsy, necrotiz ...	1989	2785375
the relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with aids-related pcp.	there is marked debate by physicians and policymakers regarding the creation of regionalized acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) centers. a central issue is whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, differ as a function of hospital experience with patients with aids. we evaluated the experience of 257 patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated at 15 california hospitals between october 1986 and october 1987. an overall 15.2% in-hospital mortality rate was observe ...	1989	2785607
[treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosols].		1989	2785625
apical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis.		1989	2785747
pneumomediastinum complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.	the destructive potential of pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with aids has been amply documented. this report describes a homosexual man with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) complicated by pneumatocoeles and pneumomediastinum. the pneumomediastinum almost completely resolved with successful antimicrobial therapy. pneumomediastinum, like pneumothorax, should be anticipated in patients with aids and pcp.	1989	2785760
bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in aids patients. comparative study with non-aids patients.	lower pulmonary tract cell populations collected by bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were evaluated in three groups of immunocompromised patients: hiv infected patients with pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonitis (n = 22), or pneumonitis not related to pc (n = 29), and non-hiv-infected, immunocompromised patients with a pc pneumonitis (n = 18). in aids patients with pc pneumonitis, the cell populations were 59.3 +/- 4.5 percent alveolar macrophages (am), 19.6 +/- 2.5 percent lymphocytes, 14.6 +/- 4. ...	1989	2785902
chronic cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.	a 39-year-old man with aids presented with cough, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, fever, and a cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the left lung. the cavity increased in size over the next five months with disease involvement limited to the left upper lobe. pneumocystis carinii infection was then diagnosed. symptoms and cavity resolved with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy.	1989	2785903
two cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: supplemental treatment with aerosolised pentamidine isethionate.	two cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients who were diagnosed by the aspiration-lung-biopsy. they were treated with 4 mg/kg of pentamidine isethionate intravenously administered followed by pentamidine aerosol inhalation. although clinical and laboratory findings were improved by the fifth or seventh day of intravenous therapy, substantial leukocytopenia, from 3,000/cmm to 600/cmm and from 2,700/cmm to 1,000/cmm, occurred. at this point ...	1989	2786100
co-infection with legionella pneumophila and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to have pneumonitis caused by a simultaneous pneumocystis carinii and legionella pneumophila infection. although both microorganisms frequently cause pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients, co-infection has not been reported. this patient responded to antimicrobial therapy, but superinfection with candida albicans led to his death. as there are numerous infective and noninfective causes of pneumonia in such patients, this case ill ...	1989	2786153
pneumocystis carinii: rapid diagnosis with the microwave oven.		1989	2786307
prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids.		1989	2786356
in search of shortcuts: definitive and indirect tests in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.		1989	2786357
prognostic implications of bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids.	the clinical records and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cell differential counts were analyzed in 96 patients at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to determine if this information may be prognostically useful and to identify possible mechanisms of bal neutrophilia. in 60 patients with pcp, 15 fatalities or episodes of respiratory failure occurred, and 14 of these patients had greater than 5% bal neutrophils. only one of 33 patients with ...	1989	2786359
pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy. a new clinical entity.	a 43-year-old black woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed bilateral multifocal choroidopathy characterized by slowly enlarging round to oval lesions in the posterior pole and midperiphery. systemic evaluation revealed no evidence of mycobacterial, fungal, or spirochetal disease. fluorescein angiography of the lesions showed early hypofluorescence with late staining of the lesions, which appeared deep to the retinal circulation. there was no evidence of retinal involvement. over ...	1989	2786409
[pentamidine inhalation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids].	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the major cause of death in aids. the use of standard drugs for pcp is associated with a remarkably high rate of adverse reactions in aids patients. we treated a 35-year-old homosexual with a first episode of pcp with intravenous trimethoprim, 20 mg/kg, and sulfamethoxazole, 100 mg/kg and later with pentamidine injections. however medication had to be stopped because of severe side effects. a new method of therapy using aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg per ...	1989	2786489
identification and isolation of a major cell surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii.	radioiodination of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii obtained from an in vitro culture demonstrated the presence of a major surface glycoprotein (gp120). the glycoprotein was of the high mannose type. it exhibited adherence properties similar to those observed in the intact organism. under nonreducing conditions, it existed as an aggregate with a molecular weight in excess of 2 x 10(6). surface aggregating behavior and adherent quality prevented isolation of the glycoprotein by conventional metho ...	1989	2786505
evaluating institutional performance in aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a risk adjustment approach.	mortality during hospital care of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) varies as much as 3-fold among reporting institutions. prognostic factors for death during an episode of pcp have been identified that may be useful risk adjustors for quality-of-care studies. we illustrate a risk adjustment approach to evaluating institutional performance for pcp using a pilot data set from two southern california hospitals differing widely in crude pcp death rates (61 vs 27%). using admissio ...	1989	2786557
intravascular and pleural involvement by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)		1989	2786684
survival periods in male and female wistar rats with steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	rats treated with corticosteroids developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. male rats showed the same mortality (100%) as female rats, but the female rats survived on average 11.7 days longer than the male wistar rats.	1989	2786725
[aspecific and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in hiv infections].	the results of 115 bronchoscopic examinations and one autopsy in 105 adults with hiv-infection and pulmonary complications are presented. whereas 51.7% of the events were caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (nip) without evidence of an infectious or neoplastic condition was the second most frequent diagnosis in 14 patients (12.1%), four of whom exhibited features of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (lip). the clinical, radiological and prognosti ...	1989	2787052
prognostic factors and life expectancy in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	eighteen children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were diagnosed as having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by either open lung biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage. seven patients (39%) died during the acute illness. alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients at the time of presentation and lactate dehydrogenase levels did not distinguish survivors from nonsurvivors. total lymphocyte and t4 cell counts were low in children who died during the initial pcp infection but had considerabl ...	1989	2787098
emergency lung biopsy in immunocompromised pediatric patients.	twenty-six lung biopsies were performed on immunocompromised children with interstitial pneumonia over a 4-year period. more than 50% of the patients had either bone marrow transplants or immunodeficiency syndromes. biopsy diagnosis included viral (9), nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (9), pneumocystis carinii (7), and bacterial (1) etiologies. findings caused a change in treatment in 15 (58%) patients, and nine of these 15 (60%) survived. survivors included five children with viral infectio ...	1989	2787144
steroids in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv seropositive infants.		1989	2787248
effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.	repeated subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhg-csf) to pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii)-infected balb/c nude (nu/nu) mice had no effects on the number of the p. carinii cysts in the lungs, despite neutrophilic infiltration in the tissues and a marked increase in blood neutrophil count. this finding indicates that neutrophils in the absence of t cells do not play an important role in the killing of p. carinii. however, survival periods of ...	1989	2787431
pulmonary diagnostic evaluation in patients suspected of having an hiv-related disease.	the wide range of pulmonary infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositivity, coupled with the possible presence of hiv-related neoplasms and non-hiv-related pulmonary processes, requires that most patients who are known to be or suspected of being hiv-seropositive should undergo a thorough diagnostic evaluation. this usually should include a screening evaluation that includes history, physical examination, screening laboratory tests, chest radiography, and arterial b ...	1989	2787521
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: diagnosis using minilavage samples.	over a 30-month period, we evaluated 74 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) for suspected opportunistic pulmonary infection. all had abnormal findings on chest roentgenogram. sixty patients (81%) were found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we assessed the yield of various diagnostic methods, and found that bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained by the instillation of 20 to 50 ml of normal saline (minilavage) contained detectable organisms in 51 of 53 patients (s ...	1989	2787536
penicillium marneffei in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	penicillium marneffei is a rare human pathogen that may infect either healthy or immunocompromised hosts. in methenamine silver-stained preparations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a patient with dermatomyositis on steroid treatment, round-to-oval intracellular and extracellular microorganisms were found. the finding of occasional septate and elongated forms established the microorganism as probably p marneffei, which was confirmed on culture. distinguishing this rare fungus from pneumocyst ...	1989	2787573
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1989	2787582
[adverse effects of cotrimoxazole and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1989	2787921
relevance of computed tomography to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1989	2788123
the young rabbit: a nonimmunosuppressed model for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1989	2788198
a self-splicing intron in the small subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii.	the coding region for the pneumocystis carinii small subunit rrna (16s-like rrna) contains 390 extra base pairs in a region that is highly conserved in other eukaryotic rrna genes. the sequence has all the elements characteristic of group i self-splicing introns and interrupts the phylogenetically conserved helix proximal to the 3' terminus of the 16s-like rrna. in vitro transcripts containing the putative group i intron were capable of undergoing a "self-splicing" reaction which required the pr ...	1989	2788266
bronchoalveolar lavage cell analysis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus related diseases.	the value of differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients who were serologically positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was studied in 30 patients with classified into four groups according to the severity of illness: (1) seven subjects with the aids related complex without clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary infection; (2) eight patients with the aids related complex and pulmonary tuberculosis; (3) eight patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii ...	1989	2788319
aerosolized pentamidine and disseminated infection with pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2788380
tricyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with broad antifolate activity and the ability to inhibit pneumocystis carinii growth in cultured human lung fibroblasts in the presence of leucovorin.	a selected number of 1,3-diaminobenzo[f]quinazolines and 1,3-diamino-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]quinazolines, which may be viewed as tricyclic analogues of the lipid-soluble antifolates pyrimethamine (pm), metoprine (ddmp), and etoprine (ddep), were tested as inhibitors of purified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from wi-l2 lymphoblasts, and as inhibitors of the growth of streptococcus faecium atcc 8043 and l1210 murine leukemia cells in culture. in addition, these tricyclic compounds were tested for ant ...	1989	2788420
comparison of methenamine silver nitrate and giemsa stain for detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from hiv infected patients.	seventy-seven bronchoalveolar lavages from human immunosuppressive virus infected patients with pulmonary symptoms were examined routinely for the presence of pneumocystis carinii, using giemsa stain to detect trophozoites and methenamine silver nitrate to detect cysts. thirty-seven samples were found positive with both methods, but a further 10 were diagnosed with giemsa indicating that the trophozoite stain is more sensitive. as giemsa stain is simple, quick, cheap and familiar to most microbi ...	1989	2788442
[bronchoscopic examination in immuno-compromised host with hypoxemia due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--case report].	the differential diagnosis of newly developed pulmonary infiltrate in cxr film of immunocompromised host including infection, neoplasm, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, cytotoxic drug induced pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis and transfusion induced pneumonitis. if clinical course changed rapidly and the patient had fever, cough and dyspnea, then, opportunistic infection should be considered at first. fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), brushing and trans- bronchial ...	1989	2788485
diamidine use in treatment of pneumocystis carinii.		1989	2788670
the level of igg and igm in pneumocystis carinii infection.	sputum examination for detection of p. carinii can be substituted for more invasive techniques especially in debilitated patients. there was an increase level of igg and igm in patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in the serum and sputum. but the high frequency of these immunoglobulins among the general human population limits their value in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis.	1989	2788674
reversible pulmonary uptake and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathic distribution of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate in a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	diffuse pulmonary deposition of [99mtc]methylene diphosphonate (mdp) as well as abnormalities characteristic of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy have been observed in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the findings of the bone scan together with those in the corresponding scintigraphy, and roentgenograms of the chest and skeletal structures are presented. parallel reversal of [67ga]citrate and [99mtc]mdp pulmonary uptake with specific treatment for and clinical resolutio ...	1989	2788723
[use of corticosteroids in pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii-aids with lack of response to conventional therapy].		1989	2788904
empirical treatment without bronchoscopy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	an empirical approach to treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was adopted in a prospective study of 73 men with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) presenting with respiratory problems. at presentation 49 patients (group 1) were thought to have a history, findings at clinical examination, chest radiograph, and arterial blood gas tensions typical of pneumocystis pneumonia, and empirical treatment was begun immediately. twenty four patients (group 2) were thought to have featur ...	1989	2788935
nebulised pentamidine as treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	nebulised pentamidine was used to treat 30 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. fourteen patients (group 1) received pentamidine isethionate 4 mg/kg (six patients) or 8 mg/kg (eight patients) via a standard jet nebuliser (acorn, system 22) with a flow rate of 8 l/min. the aerosol droplets had a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.6 microns (geometric standard deviation (gsd) 2.9) and 46% of droplets were less than 3.9 microns. a further 16 patients (group 2) received 8 mg/kg pentamidi ...	1989	2788936
relapse of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the upper lobes during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage of the upper lobes in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) receiving aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. serendipitous availability of a normal premorbid lung gallium scan indicated that pneumocystosis had developed during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis; at the time of presentation a repeat gallium scan indicated disease limited to the upper lobes. the relation of this unusual form of isolated upper lobe ...	1989	2788937
rheumatic heart disease in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	acute rheumatic heart disease (rhd) with aschoff nodules and biventricular dilation was diagnosed at autopsy in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who died of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii. the relationship of acute rhd and human immunodeficiency virus-associated immune deficiency is discussed.	1989	2789174
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient with dramatic response to inadvertent steroid therapy--a case report.	a 28 year-old homosexual man had one month history of intermittent high fever, nonproductive cough and progressive shortness of breath. he not only had immunity deficits, with decrease cd4 cells decreased cd8 cells and inverted cd4/cd8 ratio, but also presented with evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection (positive elisa antibody tests and western blot tests). chest x-ray showed diffuse pulmonary infiltration. the arterial blood gases revealed hypoxemia. the pao2 was 69 mmhg. spiromet ...	1989	2789291
pulmonary cystic disease: comparison of pneumocystis carinii pneumatoceles and bullous emphysema due to intravenous drug abuse.	a rare pulmonary manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or intravenous (iv) drug abuse is upper lobe cystic disease--pneumatoceles in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and bullous emphysema in iv drug abuse. because these disorders overlap, the radiographic findings in 56 patients were compared. during a 12-month period, 16 patients less than 40 years of age were found to have bullous emphysema; the 10 who were iv drug abusers constituted group 1. in the same time period, 40 ...	1989	2789412
pulmonary cysts associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.	a diffuse, bilateral interstitial infiltrate is the most common radiographic finding in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, atypical roentgenographic patterns also exist. chest radiographs of 100 consecutive aids patients with pcp were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of pulmonary air-filled cysts, or pneumatoceles, which were identified in 10% of the cases. the pneumatoceles were typically thin-walled with no int ...	1989	2789413