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[current therapeutics in leprosy: resistance--therapeutic regimens--control strategy]. 19836359803
radiometric macrophage culture assay for rapid evaluation of antileprosy activity of rifampin.the antileprosy effect of rifampin was evaluated by a newly developed rapid in vitro assay wherein 31 human-derived strains and 1 armadillo-derived strain of mycobacterium leprae were maintained for 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, in murine and human macrophages in the presence of [3h]thymidine. of these strains, 27 showed significant incorporation of the radiolabel in cultures of live bacilli as compared with control cultures of heat-killed bacilli of the same strain. consistent and significant in ...19836360040
in vitro induction of human suppressor t cells by mycobacterial antigens. bcg activated okt4+ cells mediate suppression of antigen induced t cell proliferation.peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), obtained from bcg vaccinated healthy donors, were induced to proliferation by bcg for five days in vitro. when re-exposed to bcg, they failed to proliferate. however, they partially retained the ability to respond to con a and allogeneic cells. the addition of graded numbers of such cultured cells to fresh autologous pbmc suppressed their proliferative response to bcg. these suppressor cells could also inhibit the proliferation of fresh cells to other m ...19836190596
glutamic acid decarboxylase in mycobacterium leprae.suspensions of mycobacterium leprae purified from the organs (mostly spleen) of experimentally-infected armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus, linn) decarboxylated 1-(14c) glutamic acid liberating 14co2. the reaction was pyridoxal phosphate-dependent and was inhibited by hydroxylamine, suggesting that it is a true amino acid decarboxylase. loss of the activity at higher temperatures indicated the enzymatic nature of the reaction. excess substrate or substrate analogs inhibited the decarboxylase where ...19836137201
activity of ansamycin against mycobacterium leprae in mice. 19836138619
leprosy 1984. 19846143080
metabolism in mycobacterium leprae: its relation to other research on m. leprae and to aspects of metabolism in other mycobacteria and intracellular parasites.recently, some knowledge of metabolic pathways, rather than individual enzyme activities of m. leprae, is becoming available. ultimately this may be useful in devising culture media for m. leprae. knowledge restricted to individual reactions may be misleading. for instance, the detection of glcnacase and beta-glucuronidase and the subcellular localization of hyaluronic acid led to attempts to cultivate m. leprae on hyaluronic-acid based medium. subsequent investigations suggested that there was ...19846144638
ansamycin activity against rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium leprae. 19846144865
[histopathological investigation of the central nervous system in leprosy. i. distribution of para-rosanilin positive materials in leprosy with special relation to tissue injury]. 19846085732
ultrastructural and histophysiological studies on the blood-nerve barrier and perineurial barrier in leprosy neuropathy.onset and nature of ultrastructural changes in endoneurial vasa nervorum during the pathogenesis of leprosy neuropathy and possibly associated alterations in the "blood-nerve barrier" were investigated, together with perineurial barrier functioning, in mice infected 20-28 months previously with mycobacterium leprae and in (ageing) non-infected mice. barriers were tested by i.v. administration of markers (trypan blue and ferritin) 1-4 days before killing the mice. twenty-eight months after infect ...19846095579
study of the involvement of the sciatic nerve following inoculation with m. leprae and other mycobacteria in the mouse foot pad.in order to determine whether mycobacterium leprae alone produce the typical damage in the sciatic nerves of foot pad inoculated mice as demonstrated earlier, a comparative study was undertaken using various other mycobacteria inoculated into the hind foot pads of normal swiss white mice. the findings indicate that fmr isolates no. 51 and no. 75 and m. avium showed multiplication in the foot pads of the mice throughout the 4th, 6th or 8th postinoculation months and these infections were associat ...19846100185
generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium leprae.nine cloned cell lines producing antibodies to the unique phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium leprae have been established as a result of fusions with spleens from mice immunized with the glycolipid complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. one of the antibodies was relatively nonspecific, binding to a related glycolipid from mycobacterium kansasii, but the remaining antibodies were specific for the m. leprae lipid. some of the antibodies required the intact (trisaccharide) carbohydrate p ...19846360894
chemical synthesis and serology of disaccharides and trisaccharides of phenolic glycolipid antigens from the leprosy bacillus and preparation of a disaccharide protein conjugate for serodiagnosis of leprosy.we examined the structural requirements within the species-specific 3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,3-di-o-methyl- alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-3-o-methyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranose unit of the phenolic glycolipid i antigen of mycobacterium leprae for binding to anti-glycolipid immunoglobulin m from human leprosy sera. we used chemically defined, partially deglycosylated fragments of phenolic glycolipid i, two other minor m. leprae-specific phenolic glycolipids (thos ...19846360898
evaluation of mycobacterium leprae immunogenicity via adoptive transfer studies.the immune response of mice to live, heat-killed, or autoclaved mycobacterium leprae was investigated. after sensitization with 10(7) organisms in each group, recipient mice were transfused with the sensitized splenocytes 28 days later. a selected number of these mice were infected with 5 x 10(3) m. leprae, and the remaining animals were sacrificed at scheduled intervals for evidence of cell-mediated immunity to the m. leprae cell extract. data from these and the bacteriological assays showed th ...19846360910
biological activities of a murine t-cell clone with reactivity to mycobacterium leprae.mice were immunized subcutaneously with killed mycobacterium leprae in incomplete freund's adjuvant and draining lymph nodes removed. lymph node cells were propagated in vitro and cloned at limiting dilution in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, antigen, and t-cell growth factor. cloned t cells were restricted by the h-2i-a sublocus. in vitro interaction(s) of cloned t cells with accessory cells presenting m. leprae-derived determinants resulted in t-cell proliferation, interleukin secre ...19846362895
low t lymphocyte responsiveness to mycobacterium leprae antigens in association with hla-dr3.the type of leprosy which develops after infection with mycobacterium leprae is influenced by the presence or absence of hla-dr3, as has been demonstrated in an ethnic group originating from surinam. in the present study we investigated in this same ethnic group the role of hla-dr, and of hla-dr3 in particular, in monocyte-t cell interactions during leprosy specific proliferative responses in vitro. hla-dr3 heterozygous t cells from tuberculoid leprosy patients were cultured with antigen and eit ...19846362932
an attempt to inoculate mycobacterium leprae into 'rhino' mice. 19846365647
defective production of monocyte-activating cytokines in lepromatous leprosy.we have examined the capacity of monocytes from patients with leprosy to undergo activation and the capacity of mononuclear cells from these patients to incorporate [3h]thymidine and produce monocyte-activating cytokines. monocytes from patients with either lepromatous or tuberculoid leprosy were activated by concanavalin a (con a)-induced mononuclear cell supernatants generated from the leukocytes of a normal person. monocytes activated by these supernatants strongly inhibited l. pneumophila mu ...19846366107
lymphocyte suppression in leprosy induced by unique m. leprae glycolipid.leprosy remains a significant medical and social problem in many developing countries. the varied forms of the disease form a spectrum. at one pole, tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which results in the killing and clearing of bacilli in the tissues. at the lepromatous pole, patients exhibit a selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of mycobacterium leprae so that the organisms inexorably multiply in the skin. we have suggested that in lepr ...19846366573
parasitism of antigen presenting cells in hyperbacillary leprosy.full thickness skin biopsies from four patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy (bl leprosy) have been examined. immunohistological techniques have been employed to analyse the non-lymphoid mononuclear cells present in the dermal infiltrates associated with the bl lesions. this analysis was performed using three monoclonal antibodies, rfd2 (recognizing macrophages), rfd1 (recognizing interdigitating cells) and na1/34 (recognizing langerhans cells). it was found that the vast majority of non- ...19846368061
toxic effect of the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antimicrobial system on mycobacterium leprae.mycobacterium leprae are killed by myeloperoxidase (or eosinophil peroxidase), h2o2, and a halide, thus suggesting a mechanism for their destruction by peroxidase-containing phagocytes.19846325350
collection method for mycobacterium leprae from infected armadillo liver.leprosy bacilli were separated from infected armadillo liver almost free from tissue contaminants by a percoll gradient centrifugation. the yield of bacilli was 46.7%. this is a very simple and effective method without enzyme treatment.19846368427
variation of superoxide dismutase levels in extracts of mycobacterium leprae from armadillo liver.recent improvements in the sensitivity of assay methods for superoxide dismutase (sod) have enabled the detection of this enzyme in 18 cell-free extracts of purified mycobacterium leprae. by converting back to units of sod obtained in the cytochrome c-based method previously used in work on this enzyme in mycobacteria, it was shown that extracts of m. leprae had 0.15-3.84 u sod/mg protein (this study). a mean value of 1.31 u/mg protein was calculated. it was not possible to find any factors whic ...19846368428
2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones and mycobacterium leprae.four 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazones were tested in mice against mycobacterium leprae by the kinetic method and found to be nearly inactive in a dosage of 0.05% in the diet. at the same dosage, thiacetazone, as a positive control, exhibited its expected activity.19846368429
immunity to leprosy and the mitsuda reaction. 19846368430
application of monoclonal antibodies towards immunological studies in leprosy. 19846369053
effects of mycobacterium leprae antigens on the in vitro responsiveness of mononuclear cells from armadillos to concanavalin-a. 19846369054
skin test activity of an antigen fraction prepared from mycobacterium leprae compared with standard lepromin and tuberculin ppd in leprosy patients. 19846369055
an alternative route for infecting armadillos with mycobacterium leprae.a nine-banded armadillo was inoculated with mycobacterium leprae in both hind footpads. the animals were usually inoculated intravenously, or intradermally in the abdominal skin. profuse multiplication of the bacilli occurred at the injection sites after more than two years. eventually bacteraemia developed, and large numbers of the organisms were found in skin biopsies and in lymph nodes. there was limited dissemination of the bacteria into the spleen and the liver, and peripheral nerve invasio ...19846369076
immunization against leprosy: progress and prospects.the limitations of the current approach to leprosy control through mass treatment of patients are well recognized. the long incubation period of the disease, the insidious onset, the chronic course, and the need for prolonged treatment have made control a formidable task. the recent years have seen tremendous progress in the field of immunology of leprosy, and the availability of large quantities of mycobacterium leprae, grown in the nine-banded armadillo, has given impetus to the search for a v ...19846370487
acid-fast bacilli on buffy coat smears in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a lesson from hansen's bacillus.a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was found to have a continuous bacillemia of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare by examination of kinyoun-stained buffy coat smears. there were 29 cells/cu mm that contained acid-fast bacilli (afb) and 1.5 x 10(5) afb/ml of whole blood. the cells of the reticuloendothelial system were engorged with afb, suggesting reticuloendothelial saturation. the peripheral blood involvement and magnitude of the mycobacterial burden are analogous to lepros ...19846199851
enumeration of purified suspensions of mycobacterium leprae.previously described methods of counting noncultivable bacteria have a number of drawbacks including unpredictable variation due to differential staining, low reproducibility between replicate sample smears, and inexact estimations of the bacillary population due to the non-normal distribution of bacilli across the counting field. a simple method is described which minimizes the disadvantages of previous methods and allows the application of a stratified sample technique which improves the accur ...19846200451
analysis of the major antigenic determinants of the characteristic phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae.antibodies to the major phenolic glycolipid purified from mycobacterium leprae have been demonstrated previously in sera of leprosy but not tuberculosis patients using an elisa. the major antigenic determinants on this molecule were investigated using antisera raised in rabbits to the purified glycolipid and with a pool of sera from human lepromatous leprosy patients. a small, but significant cross-reaction was observed with the glycolipids from m. bovis and m. kansasii, which contain the phenol ...19846201310
staining tissue-derived mycobacterium leprae with fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide.a fluorescent staining procedure incorporating the use of fluorescein diacetate (fda) and ethidium bromide (eb) has previously been shown to accurately measure the viability of saprophytic mycobacterial cells. green-stained cells were shown to be viable and red-stained cells, dead. staining mycobacterium leprae cells with fda/eb, however, was complicated by interfering tissue components which masked the presence of stained bacteria. a petroleum ether separation technique enables m. leprae to be ...19846202650
skin testing with mycobacterial reagents in leprosy. 19846203199
use of an artificial antigen containing the 3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl epitope for the serodiagnosis of leprosy.the coupling of synthetic 3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-2,3-di-o-methyl-alpha-l -rhamnopyranose, the hapten determinant of phenolic glycolipid i from mycobacterium leprae, to bovine serum albumin (bsa) by reductive amination produced the antigen epsilon-n-1-[1-deoxy-2,3-di-o-methyl-4-o-(3',6'-di-o-methyl-beta -d-glucopyranosyl)-rhamnitol]-lysyl-bsa, which proved highly sensitive in elisa and showed good concordance with the native glycolipid in analysis of serum samples from 223 ...19846207246
immunological unresponsiveness in leprosy.the various forms of leprosy form a clinical and immunological spectrum which offers extraordinary possibilities for insight into immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. at one pole, tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which ultimately results in killing of bacilli in the tissues, albeit often with damage to nerves. at the lepromatous pole, patients exhibit selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of m. leprae. even though all currently known prote ...19846208143
[staining methods used in the identification of mycobacterium leprae. historical review]. 19846209782
cultivation of mycobacterium x from mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in propane-tetradecane-humic acid medium. 19846231260
hla-d identity in a family with multiple cases of multibacillary leprosy. 19846231441
[control of leprosy]. 19846238608
[symposium on mechanisms of host defense from fundamental and clinical medicine. 5. genetic control of immune response in humans and its clinical significance]. 19846241938
leprosy vaccine. 19846242878
electrophysiological studies of the sciatic nerves in mycobacterium leprae foot pad-injected rats.this study tested the possibility of developing an experimental model of neuropathy in female wistar rats inoculated with mycobacterium leprae in the foot pad and assessed by repeated electrophysiological methods. m. leprae multiplied in the rats but considerably less than in simultaneously inoculated mice. no acid-fast bacilli were found in nerves. motor and sensory conduction velocities remained normal at the thigh level of the sciatic nerve. at the leg, they decreased significantly bilaterall ...19846384077
lactate dehydrogenase in mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo liver.lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) was detected in extracts of untreated and naoh-treated mycobacterium leprae. since armadillo liver ldh isoenzymes with a similar electrophoretic mobility were shown to be considerably more sensitive to inhibition by oxamate than ldh in m. leprae extracts, it was confirmed that m. leprae grown in armadillo liver has its own ldh. neither the activity of ldh in m. leprae nor its electrophoretic mobility supported the tentative suggestion that an "anomolous" ldh isoenzyme ...19846384078
unresponsiveness to mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy in vitro: reversible or not? 19846384079
modification of the fluorescent staining method for mycobacterial cells. 19846384149
the mouse footpad test--sensitive to small proportions of drug-resistant bacilli in a sample of m. leprae.in experiments at the radda barnen research laboratories of the slr & tc karigiri, the mouse footpad test was demonstrated to detect dds-resistant m.leprae even if as few as 0.1% (1 in 1000) of the m. leprae tested were dds-resistant. the mouse footpad test appears to be sensitive to minute proportions of drug-resistant bacilli in samples of m. leprae tested.19846384379
human vaccination studies in normal and contacts of leprosy patients. 19846384380
mechanism of immunosuppression in leprosy--macrophage membrane alterations.l-lysate induced macrophage membrane alteration was studied using 3 membrane markers: (i) fc receptor, (ii) concanavalin a (con a) receptor, and (iii) m. leprae adherence to macrophage membrane. the data indicate that l-lysate induces membrane perturbation of normal macrophages. the alteration can be reversed with trypsin and colchicine. membrane alteration observed may lead to defective macrophage participation in a cell-mediated immune reaction.19846384522
cell-mediated immunity in mice treated with mycobacterium leprae or with macrophages harbouring m. leprae.following treatment of balb/c or c3h/hen mice in the hind footpads with irradiated mycobacterium leprae, a marked enhancement of natural killer (nk) activity was observed in cells from the draining popliteal lymph node or from the spleen. nk activity was further enhanced when the treatment consisted of killed m. leprae which had been incorporated into mouse peritoneal macrophages. this effect was noted as early as 2 weeks after treatment and persisted for at least 9 weeks. lymphoblastic transfor ...19846385816
reversal by interleukin-2 of the t cell unresponsiveness of lepromatous leprosy to mycobacterium leprae.in some subjects mycobacterium leprae causes disseminated (lepromatous) disease. such subjects show both in vivo and in vitro deficient t cell responses to m. leprae, but not to other antigens. we have recently shown that lepromatous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) failed to produce interleukin 2 (il-2) in response to m. leprae and that t cell-conditioned media (tcm) can reverse the t cell unresponsiveness in a majority of lepromatous leprosy patients (haregewoin et al. 1983). here we ...19846386665
comparison of biochemical characterisation of icrc bacilli with m. leprae: effect of substrate alteration in the medium.icrc-bacilli strain c-44 when grown in dubos medium of its equivalent, express m. avium taxonomic biochemical characters. assuming that difference in characters of m. leprae and icrc bacilli, could be due to 'in vivo' and 'in vitro' milieu, we altered the substrates in the medium. the bacilli grow well in the new medium containing selenium, ferric nitrate, magnesium chloride and deleting tween 80. the icrc strain c-44 grown in new medium expressed characters: 9/10 similarity with m. leprae. the ...19846387003
antigeneic cross-reactivity between icrc-bacilli and m. leprae--"in vitro" evaluation.leucocyte migration inhibition, in presence of specific particulate antigen, is a good correlate of cmi. it can detect small differences in related antigens. in the present study, lmi was used to study the cross-reactivity between icrc bacilli and m. leprae and also to examine the antigenic relationship amongst different icrc isolates. the study showed a close antigenic cross-reactivity in lepromin and icrc-in. lmi has brought out strain differences in two icrc culture isolates, c-44 and c-75. t ...19846387004
hypothesis: possible idiotypic suppression of cell-mediated immunity in lepromatous leprosy. 19846387354
the discovery of mycobacterium leprae. a medical achievement in the light of evolving scientific methods.the discovery of m. leprae by g. h. armauer hansen (1841-1912) in 1873 represents a link in a chain of development in international medicine that was influenced by two main concepts, namely, that germs may be causes of disease and that social conditions may be related to disease, either as causes or consequences or both. hansen's work is also a link in a chain of research on leprosy in norway. hansen met with serious challenges in addition to those that were purely scientific. to prove the causa ...19846388392
three histologic fixatives for the demonstration of mycobacterium leprae. 19846388395
mycobacterium leprae within a squamous cell carcinoma. 19846388398
lytic potency against various mycobacterial strains of the phage isolated from mycobacterium leprae murium "douglas".the lytic potency of a newly isolated phage al-1 obtained from the laboratory strain m. leprae murium "douglas" was examined. the phage was multiplied on the laboratory strain m. smegmatis atcc 607 and for the lytic test 0.1 ml of suspension containing pfu 10(5) was used. in the whole 18 mycobacterial strains both slowly and fast growing multiplied in liquid sula's medium were tested. for phage lytic tests two simple agar media and standard redmond's medium rva-24 were used. the examined slowly ...19846389043
isolation of mycobacterial phage from the laboratory strain mycobacterium leprae murium "douglas".the colony microstructure of the laboratory strain mycobacterium leprae murium "douglas" cultivated on ogawa's egg medium was examined. a bioptical sample from the liver of a white mouse subcutaneously infected and observed for ten months was used as inoculum. the inoculum contained 5.2 x 10(9) acidfast rods. the ogawa's media were incubated in 5% atmosphere of co2 at 33 degrees c to 37 degrees c for 6 to 10 months. the outgrown colonies were killed with a formol solution, then embedded into the ...19846389044
phenolic glycolipid 1 of mycobacterium leprae causes nonspecific inflammation but has no effect on cell-mediated responses in mice.the involvement of the phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae in cell-mediated immunity has been investigated in this study. the phenolic glycolipid itself does not appear to stimulate cell-mediated immunity directly, as shown by its failure to elicit a classical delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice immunized with m. leprae or to stimulate m. leprae-immune lymph node cells in a lymphoproliferative assay. intradermal vaccination with the phenolic glycolipid failed to influence th ...19846389362
the placenta in leprosy.eighty-one placentae from women with leprosy and 17 placentae from healthy controls were subjected to a detailed macroscopic, light microscopic, ultrastructural, immunopathological, microbiological and biochemical study. the placental morphology and immunohistology were normal, and there was no morphological evidence of infection of the placenta due to m. leprae. no acid-fast bacilli or acid-fast bacillary granules were seen on light microscopy of any of the placentae from leprous women, althoug ...19846390420
[possible mechanisms of cellular degeneration in macrophages infected with bcg in vitro and in leprous granulomas]. 19846390584
evidence for the presence of m. leprae reactive t lymphocytes in patients with lepromatous leprosy.evidence for the presence of mycobacterium leprae reactive t cells in many lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients was obtained using in vitro antigen-induced lymphoproliferative responses. (1) co-cultures of t enriched cells from ll patients when combined with 2 h adherent cells (ac) from hla-d compatible tuberculoid leprosy individuals showed significant levels of 3h-thymidine incorporation in the presence of soluble and integral m. leprae antigens. (2) more interestingly, autologous t cell + ac co- ...19846391762
a dual effect of tilorone on multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in mice.tilorone, a synthetic inducer of interferon found earlier to inhibit multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the foot pad of the mouse while it enhanced infections of mice by m. lepraemurium and m. marinum, has been shown to exert a dual effect on m. leprae infection of the mouse. when administered continuously, incorporated into the mouse diet in a concentration of 0.015 g per 100 g diet, the drug was usually immunosuppressive, permitting enhanced multiplication of the organisms. when adminis ...19846395678
phosphatidylinositomannosides in lepromatous leprosy nodules. 19846396226
dapsone resistance in patients attending central leprosy teaching and research institute, chengalpattu (south india).the central leprosy teaching and research institute (c.l.t. & r.i.) chengalpattu, took up studies on dapsone resistance in m. leprae from 1974. from 1978, the study was further strengthened by a project under thelep (tdr) for eliciting information on the efficacy of certain drug regimens. the thelep studies were to be conducted only on the dapsone sensitive untreated cases and, therefore, directed towards the detection of primary resistance, while the non-thelep institutional studies were concen ...19846396340
the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test for detecting subclinical infection with mycobacterium leprae. 19846396473
anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies induced by lepromin injection as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. 19846396474
the bactericidal activity of various aminoglycoside antibiotics against mycobacterium leprae in mice. 19846396475
prevalence of secondary dapsone-resistant leprosy in upper volta. 19846396476
leprosy immunology--some aspects of the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of disease. 19846396478
untreated hansen's disease of the eye: a clinicopathological report.a maltese immigrant presented with intermittent bilateral anterior uveitis for which no cause could be found. the inflammation did not respond to topical treatment and ultimately the left eye developed a hypopyon and was enucleated. histological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation and large numbers of mycobacterium leprae throughout the anterior segment. occasional foci of inflammation containing mycobacterium leprae were found in the vitreous extending to the retina at the posterior ...19846397175
the early serodiagnosis of leprosy. i. the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 19846397799
leprosy--in pursuit of a vaccine.clinical leprosy is characterized by varying manifestations between tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy. in the former state the patient is able to elicit a cell-mediated immune response whereas in the latter, there is usually a humoral response. an understanding of this immunological balance is crucial in the search for a vaccine which will control the disease. the development of a possible anti-mycobacterium leprae vaccine has been advanced by the isolation of organisms from the infected tissu ...19846397930
monoclonal antibodies against mycobacterium leprae and their applications in leprosy research. 19846398337
trophic changes and extensive dissemination in normal mice infected with human mycobacterium leprae.closely bred swiss albino normal mice (lecca strain) were inoculated in the footpad with m. leprae, at room temperature. the animals were harvested at 3, 6 and 9 months post inoculation, and bacillary counts were made. trophic changes were observed in the tail-tips, ears, footpads and forepaws 12-14 months post inoculation in a group which was allowed to survive. the histopathological changes and bacillary infiltration was found in many tissues/organs. the possibility of studying this normal str ...19846398338
induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity by icrc anti-leprosy vaccine and the adoptive transfer of cell-mediated immunity in mice.the immunogenic potency of anti-leprosy icrc vaccine preparations was determined by foot pad enlargement in mice. female balb/c mice were sensitized by i.d. route with irradiated, heat-killed or live antigens of 2 strains (c-44 and c-75) of icrc bacilli and tested against lepromin and icrc-antigens. icrc antigens sensitized mice against lepromin; similarly, bcg and m. leprae sensitized mice, which showed good cross reactivity with icrc antigens. a mixture of irradiated icrc bacilli and live bcg ...19846398339
hydrolytic enzymes in macrophages from leprosy patients in presence of mycobacterium leprae.presence of mycobacterium leprae in association with in vitro cultured macrophages, from bacillary negative long term treated lepromatous leprosy patients, induces reduced level of protein and lowering of hydrolytic enzymes like p-glucuronidase, lysozyme and lactic dehydrogenase. alkaline phosphatase, on the other hand is increased. in the macrophages from normal healthy individuals or tuberculoid leprosy patients, presence of m.leprae increases both protein and levels of all the above enzymes. ...19846398340
extended studies on subclinical infection in leprosy. 19846398341
central nervous system involvement in leprosy. 19846398342
primary dapsone resistant leprosy in nepal.mouse foot pad testing for primary dapsone resistant leprosy was performed in 15 patients. 13 were resistant (87%). two patients below 10 years were living with lepromatous leprosy mothers, one male aged 21, was born in kokana leprosarium and ten others gave no history of known contact of leprosy.19846398343
prevalence of secondary dapsone resistance in nepal.between 1980-1982, 56 patients suspected of developing dapsone resistant leprosy were seen at the skin clinic of anandaban leprosy hospital and kokana leprosarium. out of 56, 16 control mice had no growth. 29 patients (72.5%) were proved resistant by mouse foot pad tests.19846398344
role of dapsone in chemotherapy of leprosy--a comparison of responses to therapy in two cohorts in 1960s and 1970s.two cohorts of bacterio-positive cases registered and started on treatment during 1960-62 and 1968-70 were studied for differences in their response to dds monotherapy. proportion of male and female cases, mean bacteriological index (b.i.) and the distribution of cases according to the initial bi did not differ between the two cohorts. 49.7% of the patients in the ii cohort were taking regular treatment against 27.4% in the i cohort. at the end of 7 years of treatment, proportion of the cases th ...19846398345
effects of certain ayurvedic preparations on the multiplication of m. leprae in mouse foot-pads. 19846398346
characterization of mycobacterium leprae by lipid analysis.the lipid composition of the leprosy bacillus, harvested from experimentally infected nine-banded armadillos, strongly supports it status as a distinct species of the genus mycobacterium. phthiocerol dimycocerosate waxes and glycosylated phenophthiocerol dimycocerosates are distinct from those characterised from a number of other mycobacteria. the polar lipids of a single isolate lack diacylated forms of phosphatidylinositol di- and pentamannosides, lipids usually found in most mycobacteria. a s ...19846398576
lipids as taxonomic markers for bacteria derived from leprosy infections.lipid analysis allows the specific detection of m. leprae among various other bacteria isolated from leprosy lesions. in this report mycolates and glycolipid compositions were used for such a discrimination. comparative studies of the lipid composition of tissue fragments from different organs of experimentally infected armadillos, and of cultivable strains isolated from these tissues showed that the last ones did not multiply extensively in the tissues of the animals.19846398577
dna from mycobacterium leprae.the cell walls of mycobacteria resisting all enzymatic and chemical methods for solubilization, good quality dna require that they are converted into spheroplasts before extraction. mycobacterium leprae cannot grow in laboratory media, spheroplasts cannot be induced, and therefore the bacteria must be ruptured using physical methods. in these investigations m. leprae was disrupted by sonication. the dna isolated from sonicated m. smegmatis and sonicated purified dna isolated from m. smegmatis sp ...19846398578
classification and identification of mycobacterium leprae. 19846398579
propionibacterium, corynebacterium, mycobacterium and lepra bacilli.evidence is presented which suggests that certain key markers of lepra bacilli reside collectively in proprionibacterium acnes, corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and mycobacterium leprae. the unrestricted replication of mycobacterium leprae depends most probably upon the presence of an immune-deficiency-inducing viral agent or possibly on the combined effects of the organisms considered.19846398580
liberated intracellular pathogen--leprosy model.thirty-three mycobacterial strains, 30 by culture and 3 directly from tissues, isolated from lepromatous leprosy and leprosy infected armadillos, were compared by numerial taxonomy and by antibodies from lepromatous patients. an additional 17 strains of the m-a-i-s complex were similarly compared and all strains were compared by rabbit antibodies induced by tissue bacilli from armadillos from culture hz-15 and by members of the m-a-i-s complex. the results are discussed in terms of the identific ...19846398581
macrophage interaction with mycobacteria including m. leprae.resistance properties of pathogenic mycobacteria to macrophage bactericidal activity seems to be due mostly to the composition and constitution of their cell walls. in the case of mycobacterium tuberculosis, sulfatides and polyglutamic acid could be implicated in the phenomenon of fusion inhibition between phagosomes and lysosomes. m. leprae and m. lepraemurium, which do not seem to inhibit fusions are protected by a thick electron transparent zone (etz) that seems to be composed of mycosides. t ...19846398582
cytochemical characterization of mycobacterial outer surfaces.a cytochemical study of mycobacterial outer surfaces was carried out on both pathogenic (m. leprae, m. avium) and non pathogenic (m. aurum) strains. different cytochemical markers were used: ruthenium red, concanavalin a, wheat germ agglutinin, colloidal iron and cationized ferritin. the cytochemical staining pattern varied according to the species studied. the relationship between outer surface properties of mycobacteria and their capacity of adhesion to or ingestion by bone marrow macrophages ...19846398583
freeze-etching and freeze-fracture structural features of cell envelopes in mycobacteria and leprosy derived corynebacteria.the structural properties of the cell wall and cell membrane of several mycobacteria and of leprosy derived corynebacteria are investigated by freeze-etching and freeze-fracture. in all cases the freeze-fracture split the cell wall in two asymmetric halves. the cell wall fracture faces of the mycobacteria are characterized by a filamentous network which vary with respect to the amount and complexity among microorganism of the same species and even more of different species. in ldc the structure ...19846398584
macrophage activity in mycobacterium leprae infection.the outcome of an m. leprae infection is likely to depend upon the balance between the invading organism and the host's immune response. macrophages are known to play a major role in this response and because m. leprae is an intracellular parasite, being found commonly in the macrophages of infected hosts, we have attempted to examine the macrophage/m. leprae relationship. our model has been the athymic nude mouse which has been shown to be susceptible to lepromatous infection but whose macropha ...19846398585
phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium by armadillo lung fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells.in vitro cell cultures of lung fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells were established from a freshly killed armadillo and were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae. lung fibroblasts were also inoculated with m. avium. phagocytosis was allowed for 6 h at an input of about 50 bacilli/cell, and the ultrastructure was then studied at 24 and 48 hours, and 4, 7 and 10 days. following observations were made: 1. armadillo cells could be maintained for nearly 3 months. 2. both lung fibroblasts and kidn ...19846398586
growth characteristics of mycobacterium leprae. 19846398587
correlation viability/morphology in mycobacterium leprae.the present study regards the correlation between the percent of viable m. leprae (as determined by the mouse foot pad technique) and the quantitative ultrastructural analysis of m. leprae cells in 6 armadillo's samples and 1 nude mouse foot pad. the quantitative ultrastructural study of 3 ll patients and 1 m. leprae-infected nude mouse was correlated to the morphological index. the results show that most m. leprae cells with continuous undeformed cell walls, continuous symmetric membranes, ribo ...19846398588
cultivation of m. leprae.a peculiar yeast-like microorganism, isolated from leprous lesions, was discovered to produce the growth promoting factor for m. leprae. from the mass culture of this organism, the oil substance stimulating m. leprae growth was extracted with hot acid ethanol and purified using organic solvents. the final product was considered to be a kind of siderophore. when inoculating m. leprae on the special solid medium, contained chemically defined materials and supplemented with the growth factor, and i ...19846398589
a comparative study of four rodent systems to monitor initial therapy of lepromatous leprosy: in search of a more sensitive system to assess bacterial viability. 19846398591
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