Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| identification and differentiation of taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis by lipopolysaccharide o-antigen serology using monoclonal antibodies. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, and t. asinigenitalis were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). lipopolysaccharide profiles of 11 t. equigenitalis strains were similar, but different from the profiles of 3 t. asinigenitalis strains, and the profiles of 2 t. asinigenitalis strains were similar to each other. the serological specificities of the lpss from these 14 strains were ... | 2010 | 20357953 |
| plunc is a novel airway surfactant protein with anti-biofilm activity. | the plunc ("palate, lung, nasal epithelium clone") protein is an abundant secretory product of epithelia present throughout the conducting airways of humans and other mammals, which is evolutionarily related to the lipid transfer/lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lt/lbp) family. two members of this family--the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (bpi) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp)--are innate immune molecules with recognized roles in sensing and responding to gram n ... | 2010 | 20161732 |
| immune-enhancing effect of fermented maesil (prunus mume siebold & zucc.) with probiotics against bordetella bronchiseptica in mice. | maesil (prunus mume) has long been used as a traditional drug and healthy food in east asian countries. it possesses a number of beneficial biological activities including potential antimicrobial effects against pathogens. probiotics also have antibacterial effects. moreover, some probiotics have an important role in regulating the immune system. the present study evaluated the immune enhancing effects of fermented maesil with probiotics (saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and lactobaci ... | 2010 | 20453453 |
| the complete genome sequence of cupriavidus metallidurans strain ch34, a master survivalist in harsh and anthropogenic environments. | many bacteria in the environment have adapted to the presence of toxic heavy metals. over the last 30 years, this heavy metal tolerance was the subject of extensive research. the bacterium cupriavidus metallidurans strain ch34, originally isolated by us in 1976 from a metal processing factory, is considered a major model organism in this field because it withstands milli-molar range concentrations of over 20 different heavy metal ions. this tolerance is mostly achieved by rapid ion efflux but al ... | 2010 | 20463976 |
| dose response of attenuated bordetella pertussis bpze1-induced protection in mice. | despite the availability of efficacious vaccines, the incidence of whooping cough is still high in many countries and is even increasing in countries with high vaccine coverage. most severe and life-threatening pertussis cases occur in infants who are too young to be sufficiently protected by current vaccine regimens. as a potential solution to this problem, we have developed an attenuated live bordetella pertussis vaccine strain, named bpze1. here, we show that after a single administration, bp ... | 2010 | 20107007 |
| cross-species protection mediated by a bordetella bronchiseptica strain lacking antigenic homologs present in acellular pertussis vaccines. | the bordetella species are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that are characterized by long-term colonization of the mammalian respiratory tract and are causative agents of respiratory diseases in humans and animals. despite widespread and efficient vaccination, there has been a world-wide resurgence of pertussis, which remains the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in developed countries. it has been proposed that current acellular vaccines (pa) composed of only a few bacterial proteins ... | 2010 | 20176797 |
| mosaic structure of intragenic repetitive elements in histone h1-like protein hc2 varies within serovars of chlamydia trachomatis. | the histone-like protein hc2 binds dna in chlamydia trachomatis and is known to vary in size between 165 and 237 amino acids, which is caused by different numbers of lysine-rich pentamers. a more complex structure was seen in this study when sequences from 378 specimens covering the hctb gene, which encodes hc2, were compared. | 2010 | 20236532 |
| a computational genomics pipeline for prokaryotic sequencing projects. | motivation: new sequencing technologies have accelerated research on prokaryotic genomes and have made genome sequencing operations outside major genome sequencing centers routine. however, no off-the-shelf solution exists for the combined assembly, gene prediction, genome annotation and data presentation necessary to interpret sequencing data. the resulting requirement to invest significant resources into custom informatics support for genome sequencing projects remains a major impediment to th ... | 2010 | 20519285 |
| pertactin is required for bordetella species to resist neutrophil-mediated clearance. | pertactin (prn) is an autotransporter protein produced by all members of the bordetella bronchiseptica cluster, which includes b. pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica. it is a primary component of acellular pertussis vaccines, and anti-prn antibody titers correlate with protection. in vitro studies have suggested that prn functions as an adhesin and that an rgd motif located in the center of the passenger domain is important for this function. two regions of prn that contain sequen ... | 2010 | 20421378 |
| structural insight into the regulatory mechanisms of interactions of the flagellar type iii chaperone flit with its binding partners. | for self-assembly of the bacterial flagellum, most of the flagellar component proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are exported by the flagellar type iii export apparatus to the growing, distal end. flagellar protein export is highly organized and well controlled in every step of the flagellar assembly process. flagellar-specific chaperones not only facilitate the export of their cognate proteins, as well as prevent their premature aggregation in the cytoplasm, but also play a role in fine-tuni ... | 2010 | 20421493 |
| structural analysis of the lipid a isolated from hafnia alvei 32 and pcm 1192 lipopolysaccharides. | hafnia alvei, a gram-negative bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen associated with mixed hospital infections, bacteremia, septicemia, and respiratory diseases. the majority of clinical symptoms of diseases caused by this bacterium have a lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin)-related origin. the lipid a structure affects the biological activity of endotoxins predominantly. thus, the structure of h. alvei lipid a was analyzed for the first time. the major form, asymmetrically hexa-acylated lipid ... | 2010 | 19706748 |
| expression of beta-defensins in the canine respiratory tract and antimicrobial activity against bordetella bronchiseptica. | beta-defensins are cationic peptides which form part of the innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium. due to their antimicrobial properties and immunostimulatory activity, beta-defensins are potential tools for the treatment and prevention of respiratory disease. in dogs, infectious respiratory disease is a common problem, particularly in housed animals. this study aimed to assess the presence of four beta-defensins in the canine respiratory tract and to use quantitative real-time pc ... | 2010 | 19931188 |
| characterization of the isophthalate degradation genes of comamonas sp. strain e6. | the isophthalate (ipa) degradation gene cluster (iphacbdr) responsible for the conversion of ipa into protocatechuate (pca) was isolated from comamonas sp. strain e6, which utilizes phthalate isomers as sole carbon and energy sources via the pca 4,5-cleavage pathway. based on amino acid sequence similarity, the ipha, iphc, iphb, iphd, and iphr genes were predicted to code for an oxygenase component of ipa dioxygenase (ipado), a periplasmic ipa binding receptor, a 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene ... | 2010 | 19933340 |
| characterization of the isophthalate degradation genes of comamonas sp. strain e6. | the isophthalate (ipa) degradation gene cluster (iphacbdr) responsible for the conversion of ipa into protocatechuate (pca) was isolated from comamonas sp. strain e6, which utilizes phthalate isomers as sole carbon and energy sources via the pca 4,5-cleavage pathway. based on amino acid sequence similarity, the ipha, iphc, iphb, iphd, and iphr genes were predicted to code for an oxygenase component of ipa dioxygenase (ipado), a periplasmic ipa binding receptor, a 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene ... | 2010 | 19933340 |
| efficacy of rifampin and its combinations with imipenem, sulbactam, and colistin in experimental models of infection caused by imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. | there are currently no defined optimal therapies available for multidrug-resistant (mdr) acinetobacter baumannii infections. we evaluated the efficacy of rifampin, imipenem, sulbactam, colistin, and their combinations against mdr a. baumannii in experimental pneumonia and meningitis models. the bactericidal in vitro activities of rifampin, imipenem, sulbactam, colistin, and their combinations were tested using time-kill curves. murine pneumonia and rabbit meningitis models were evaluated using t ... | 2010 | 20047914 |
| structural determinants of substrate recognition in the had superfamily member d-glycero-d-manno-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase (gmhb) . | the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase (had) enzyme superfamily is the largest family of phosphohydrolases. in had members, the structural elements that provide the binding interactions that support substrate specificity are separated from those that orchestrate catalysis. for most had phosphatases, a cap domain functions in substrate recognition. however, for the had phosphatases that lack a cap domain, an alternate strategy for substrate selection must be operative. one such had phosphatase, gmhb ... | 2010 | 20050614 |
| neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin expresses antimicrobial activity by interfering with l-norepinephrine-mediated bacterial iron acquisition. | l-norepinephrine (ne) is a neuroendocrine catecholamine that supports bacterial growth by mobilizing iron from a primary source such as holotransferrin to increase its bioavailability for cellular uptake. iron complexes of ne resemble those of bacterial siderophores that are scavenged by human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal) as part of the innate immune defense. here, we show that ngal binds iron-complexed ne, indicating physiological relevance for both bacterial and human iron ... | 2010 | 20086155 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a kidney-pancreas transplant patient after exposure to recently vaccinated dogs. | bordetella bronchiseptica is an uncommon cause of respiratory infection in humans generally occurring in immunocompromised individuals exposed to infected animals. a 61-year-old female underwent a kidney-pancreas transplant 7 years before presentation. postoperative immunosuppression was achieved with sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. the patient was doing well until she developed a small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions. she underwent surgical adhesiolysis without complications. two ... | 2010 | 19874567 |
| high-throughput identification of bacteria and yeast by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in conventional medical microbiology laboratories. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. first, we evaluated maldi-tof ms using 327 clinical isolates previously cultured from patient materials and identified by conventional techniques (vitek-ii, api, and biochemical tests). discre ... | 2010 | 20053859 |
| duplex real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assays for rapid detection and identification of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and seasonal influenza a/h1, a/h3, and b viruses. | reports of a novel influenza virus type a (h1n1), now designated by the world health organization as pandemic (h1n1) 2009, emerged from the united states and mexico in april 2009. the management of the pandemic in australia required rapid and reliable testing of large numbers of specimens for the novel influenza strain and differentiation from seasonal influenza strains. a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 was designed and used with exis ... | 2010 | 20071557 |
| phosphoglucomutase of yersinia pestis is required for autoaggregation and polymyxin b resistance. | yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, autoaggregates within a few minutes of cessation of shaking when grown at 28 degrees c. to identify the autoaggregation factor of y. pestis, we performed mariner-based transposon mutagenesis. autoaggregation-defective mutants from three different pools were identified, each with a transposon insertion at a different position within the gene encoding phosphoglucomutase (pgma; y1258). targeted deletion of pgma in y. pestis kim5 also resulted in loss ... | 2010 | 20028810 |
| phosphoglucomutase of yersinia pestis is required for autoaggregation and polymyxin b resistance. | yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, autoaggregates within a few minutes of cessation of shaking when grown at 28 degrees c. to identify the autoaggregation factor of y. pestis, we performed mariner-based transposon mutagenesis. autoaggregation-defective mutants from three different pools were identified, each with a transposon insertion at a different position within the gene encoding phosphoglucomutase (pgma; y1258). targeted deletion of pgma in y. pestis kim5 also resulted in loss ... | 2010 | 20028810 |
| utilization of an unstable plasmid and the i-scei endonuclease to generate routine markerless deletion mutants in francisella tularensis. | we engineered an efficient system to make francisella tularensis deletion mutations using an unstable, poorly maintained plasmid to enhance the likelihood of homologous recombination. for counterselection, we adapted a strategy using i-scei, which causes a double-stranded break in the integrated suicide vector, forcing a second recombination to mediate allelic replacement. | 2010 | 19879904 |
| utilization of an unstable plasmid and the i-scei endonuclease to generate routine markerless deletion mutants in francisella tularensis. | we engineered an efficient system to make francisella tularensis deletion mutations using an unstable, poorly maintained plasmid to enhance the likelihood of homologous recombination. for counterselection, we adapted a strategy using i-scei, which causes a double-stranded break in the integrated suicide vector, forcing a second recombination to mediate allelic replacement. | 2010 | 19879904 |
| salmonella flagellins are potent adjuvants for intranasally administered whole inactivated influenza vaccine. | bacterial flagellins are potent inducers of innate immune responses in the mouse lung because they bind to tlr5 expressed on the apical surfaces of airway epithelial cells. tlr engagement leads to the initiation of a signaling cascade that results in a pro-inflammatory response with subsequent up-regulation of several cytokines and leads to adaptive immune responses. we examined the ability of two soluble flagellins, a monomeric flagellin expressed in escherichia coli and a highly purified polym ... | 2010 | 19654062 |
| diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class d beta-lactamases. | class d beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to beta-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or oxas are widely distributed among gram negatives. genes encoding class d beta-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many gram-negative rods, including acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. the oxas (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important ge ... | 2010 | 19721065 |
| diversity, epidemiology, and genetics of class d beta-lactamases. | class d beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to beta-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or oxas are widely distributed among gram negatives. genes encoding class d beta-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many gram-negative rods, including acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. the oxas (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important ge ... | 2010 | 19721065 |
| salmonella flagellins are potent adjuvants for intranasally administered whole inactivated influenza vaccine. | bacterial flagellins are potent inducers of innate immune responses in the mouse lung because they bind to tlr5 expressed on the apical surfaces of airway epithelial cells. tlr engagement leads to the initiation of a signaling cascade that results in a pro-inflammatory response with subsequent up-regulation of several cytokines and leads to adaptive immune responses. we examined the ability of two soluble flagellins, a monomeric flagellin expressed in escherichia coli and a highly purified polym ... | 2010 | 19654062 |
| mediators of lipid a modification, rna degradation, and central intermediary metabolism facilitate the growth of legionella pneumophila at low temperatures. | legionella pneumophila is an aquatic bacterium that is also the agent of legionnaires' disease pneumonia. since l. pneumophila is transmitted directly from the environment to the lung, it is important to understand how legionellae survive at low temperatures. to identify genes that are needed for l. pneumophila growth at low temperature, we screened a population of mutagenized legionellae for strains that are specifically impaired for growth at 17 degrees c. from the 7,400 mutants tested, 11 dis ... | 2010 | 19768502 |
| mediators of lipid a modification, rna degradation, and central intermediary metabolism facilitate the growth of legionella pneumophila at low temperatures. | legionella pneumophila is an aquatic bacterium that is also the agent of legionnaires' disease pneumonia. since l. pneumophila is transmitted directly from the environment to the lung, it is important to understand how legionellae survive at low temperatures. to identify genes that are needed for l. pneumophila growth at low temperature, we screened a population of mutagenized legionellae for strains that are specifically impaired for growth at 17 degrees c. from the 7,400 mutants tested, 11 dis ... | 2010 | 19768502 |
| aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. | aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. in some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at ... | 2010 | 20833577 |
| tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog. | toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ... | 2010 | 21110998 |
| tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog. | toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ... | 2010 | 21110998 |
| the role of th17 cytokines in primary mucosal immunity. | the t helper type 17 (th17) lineage of cd4+ t-cells produce several effector molecules including il-17a, il-17f, il-21, and il-22. in addition to cd4+, αβ t-cells, these cytokines can be produced by natural killer and γδ t-cells. these effector cytokines can be produced rapidly upon infection at mucosal sites and evidence to date strongly implicates that this arm of the immune system plays a critical role in mucosal immunity to many extracellular pathogens. moreover these cytokines can also coor ... | 2010 | 21095154 |
| bacterial competition: surviving and thriving in the microbial jungle. | most natural environments harbour a stunningly diverse collection of microbial species. in these communities, bacteria compete with their neighbours for space and resources. laboratory experiments with pure and mixed cultures have revealed many active mechanisms by which bacteria can impair or kill other microorganisms. in addition, a growing body of theoretical and experimental population studies indicates that the interactions within and between bacterial species can have a profound impact on ... | 2010 | 19946288 |
| on the interaction of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with claudins. | clostridium perfringens causes one of the most common foodborne illnesses, which is largely mediated by the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the toxin consists of two functional domains. the n-terminal region mediates the cytotoxic effect through pore formation in the plasma membrane of the mammalian host cell. the c-terminal region (ccpe) binds to the second extracellular loop of a subset of claudins. claudin-3 and claudin-4 have been shown to be receptors for cpe with very high affin ... | 2010 | 22069641 |
| abc transporters involved in export of cell surface glycoconjugates. | complex glycoconjugates play critical roles in the biology of microorganisms. despite the remarkable diversity in glycan structures and the bacteria that produce them, conserved themes are evident in the biosynthesis-export pathways. one of the primary pathways involves representatives of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter superfamily. these proteins are responsible for the export of a wide variety of cell surface oligo- and polysaccharides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteri ... | 2010 | 20805402 |
| control of biofilm formation and colonization in vibrio fischeri: a role for partner switching? | bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to promote and control colonization of their respective hosts, including restricting the expression of genes necessary for colonization to distinct situations (i.e. encounter with a prospective host). in the symbiosis between the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri and its host squid, euprymna scolopes, colonization proceeds via a transient biofilm formed by the bacterium. the production of this bacterial biofilm depends on a complex regulatory network that c ... | 2010 | 21966901 |
| a model for clinical evaluation of perioperative analgesia in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | assessment of pain in rabbits is challenging, and studies of effective surgical analgesia are lacking for this species. seeking potential indicators of postoperative pain, we performed ovariohysterectomy and telemeter placement as a form of moderate surgical injury in 20 female rabbits. rabbits were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (5 per group): buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg sc every 12 h for 3 d); fentanyl (25-μg patch placed 24 h preoperatively); ketoprofen (1 mg/kg sc every 24 h for 3 d), and ... | 2010 | 21205451 |
| species-specific and inhibitor-dependent conformations of lpxc: implications for antibiotic design. | lpxc is an essential enzyme in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway in gram-negative bacteria. several promising antimicrobial lead compounds targeting lpxc have been reported, though they typically display a large variation in potency against different gram-negative pathogens. we report that inhibitors with a diacetylene scaffold effectively overcome the resistance caused by sequence variation in the lpxc substrate-binding passage. compound binding is captured in complex with representative lpxc or ... | 2010 | 21167751 |
| species-specific and inhibitor-dependent conformations of lpxc: implications for antibiotic design. | lpxc is an essential enzyme in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway in gram-negative bacteria. several promising antimicrobial lead compounds targeting lpxc have been reported, though they typically display a large variation in potency against different gram-negative pathogens. we report that inhibitors with a diacetylene scaffold effectively overcome the resistance caused by sequence variation in the lpxc substrate-binding passage. compound binding is captured in complex with representative lpxc or ... | 2010 | 21167751 |
| identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of bordetella bronchiseptica. | identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of bordetella bronchiseptica--a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans--within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relativ ... | 2010 | 21187891 |
| does m. tuberculosis genomic diversity explain disease diversity? | the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease is highly variable. this variation has been attributed primarily to host and environmental factors, but better understanding of the global genomic diversity in the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) suggests that bacterial factors could also be involved. review of nearly 100 published reports shows that mtbc strains differ in their virulence and immunogenicity in experimental models, but whether this phenotypic variation plays a role in human disease ... | 2010 | 21076640 |
| creating a long-term diabetic rabbit model. | this study was to create a long-term rabbit model of diabetes mellitus for medical studies of up to one year or longer and to evaluate the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on damage of major organs. a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) was given intravenously to 20 young new zealand white rabbits. another 12 age-matched normal rabbits were used as controls. hyperglycemia developed within 48 hours after treatment with alloxan. insulin was given daily after diabetes developed. all anim ... | 2010 | 21234414 |
| emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole. | antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past few years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. development of new antimicrobial agents has been matched by the development of new mechanisms of resistance by bacteria. current antibiotics act at a variety of sites within the target bacteria, including the cross-linking enzymes in the cell wall, various ... | 2010 | 21694889 |
| acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia, splenitis, and dermatitis in a pet rabbit caused by a novel herpesvirus (leporid herpesvirus-4). | a 1.5-year-old female rabbit (doe) was presented with a 3-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and mild facial swelling. the animal died shortly after examination and severe, acute hemorrhagic pneumonia was noted grossly. an alphaherpesvirus consistent with leporid herpesvirus-4 was isolated and characterized from this animal. this is the first confirmed report of the disease in canada. | 2010 | 21358932 |
| immune regulation of a chronic bacteria infection and consequences for pathogen transmission. | the role of host immunity has been recognized as not only playing a fundamental role in the interaction between the host and pathogen but also in influencing host infectiousness and the ability to shed pathogens. despite the interest in this area of study, and the development of theoretical work on the immuno-epidemiology of infections, little is known about the immunological processes that influence pathogen shedding patterns. | 2010 | 20738862 |
| association of bordetella dermonecrotic toxin with the extracellular matrix. | bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (dnt) causes the turbinate atrophy in swine atrophic rhinitis, caused by a bordetella bronchiseptica infection of pigs, by inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation. the toxin is not actively secreted from the bacteria, and is presumed to be present in only small amounts in infected areas. how such small amounts can affect target tissues is unknown. | 2010 | 20868510 |
| identification of ysrt and evidence that ysrrst constitute a unique phosphorelay system in yersinia enterocolitica. | two-component systems (tcs) and phosphorelay systems are mechanisms used by bacteria and fungi to quickly adapt to environmental changes to produce proteins necessary for survival in new environments. bacterial pathogens use tcs and phosphorelay systems to regulate genes necessary to establish infection within their hosts, including type iii secretion systems (t3ss). the yersinia enterocolitica ysa t3ss is activated in response to nacl by ysrs and ysrr, a putative hybrid sensor kinase and a resp ... | 2010 | 20870771 |
| spatiotemporal expression of tmie in the inner ear of rats during postnatal development. | the circling (cir/cir) mouse is a murine model for human nonsyndromic deafness dfnb6. transmembrane inner ear (tmie) is the causative gene and its mutation through deletion of a 40-kilobase genomic region including tmie leads to deafness. the function of tmie is unknown. to better understand the function of tmie, we focused on the spatiotemporal expression of tmie in the rat cochlea by using a tmie-specific antibody. results showed that tmie expression was prominent in early postnatal rat cochle ... | 2010 | 20819378 |
| selective electrodiffusion of zinc ions in a zrt-, irt-like protein, zipb. | all living cells need zinc ions to support cell growth. zrt-, irt-like proteins (zips) represent a major route for entry of zinc ions into cells, but how zips promote zinc uptake has been unclear. here we report the molecular characterization of zipb from bordetella bronchiseptica, the first zip homolog to be purified and functionally reconstituted into proteoliposomes. zinc flux through zipb was found to be nonsaturable and electrogenic, yielding membrane potentials as predicted by the nernst e ... | 2010 | 20876577 |
| clinical biochemistry parameters in c57bl/6j mice after blood collection from the submandibular vein and retroorbital plexus. | collection of blood from the submandibular vein allows simple and rapid processing of many animals without anesthesia and facilitates rapid recovery with no signs of pain and discomfort in the mice. here we compared the submandibular vein and retroorbital plexus blood collection methods, to determine the potential effect of the sampling technique on several clinical biochemistry parameters in c57bl/6j mice. we found statistically significant differences for 8 of the 9 biochemical parameters stud ... | 2010 | 20353696 |
| chemical composition of desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipid a. | lipopolysaccharides also called endotoxins are an integral component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. when released from the bacterial surface, they interact with a host immune system, triggering excessive inflammatory response. lipid a is the biologically most active part of endotoxin, and its activity is modulated by the quantity, quality and arrangement of its fatty acids. desulfovibrio desulfuricans is sulfate-reducing, gram-negative bacterium that is supposed to be opportuni ... | 2010 | 20978743 |
| chemical composition of desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipid a. | lipopolysaccharides also called endotoxins are an integral component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. when released from the bacterial surface, they interact with a host immune system, triggering excessive inflammatory response. lipid a is the biologically most active part of endotoxin, and its activity is modulated by the quantity, quality and arrangement of its fatty acids. desulfovibrio desulfuricans is sulfate-reducing, gram-negative bacterium that is supposed to be opportuni ... | 2010 | 20978743 |
| [bordetella bronchiseptica-associated acute chest syndrome in a child with sickle cell disease]. | we describe a case of acute chest syndrome associated with bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a child with sickle cell disease. b. bronchiseptica is recognized as an important pathogen of the respiratory tract for a large variety of animal species. this zoonotic agent has been frequently associated with chronic and recurrent infections. in humans, the bacterium acts as an opportunistic pathogen affecting mostly immunocompromised patients or those with preexisting respiratory diseases. this c ... | 2010 | 21036565 |
| comparative genomics of prevaccination and modern bordetella pertussis strains. | despite vaccination since the 1950s, pertussis has persisted and resurged. it remains a major cause of infant death worldwide and is the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. the resurgence of pertussis has been associated with the expansion of bordetella pertussis strains with a novel allele for the pertussis toxin (ptx) promoter, ptxp3, which have replaced resident ptxp1 strains. compared to ptxp1 strains, ptxp3 produce more ptx resulting in increased virulence and ... | 2010 | 21070624 |
| homologue structure of the slac1 anion channel for closing stomata in leaves. | the plant slac1 anion channel controls turgor pressure in the aperture-defining guard cells of plant stomata, thereby regulating the exchange of water vapour and photosynthetic gases in response to environmental signals such as drought or high levels of carbon dioxide. here we determine the crystal structure of a bacterial homologue (haemophilus influenzae) of slac1 at 1.20 å resolution, and use structure-inspired mutagenesis to analyse the conductance properties of slac1 channels. slac1 is a sy ... | 2010 | 20981093 |
| expression of toll-like receptor 9 in lungs of pigs, dogs and cattle. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are important components of the innate immune system. compared with other tlrs such as tlr4, there is less data on the expression and function of tlr9, which binds to unmethylated dna. because there is no data on the cell-specific protein expression of tlr9 in lungs of cattle, dog and pigs, and pulmonary diseases are the major cause of economic losses, we studied tlr9 expression in lungs using western blotting, immunohistology and immuno-electron microscopy. we charact ... | 2010 | 21044185 |
| [immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pertactin recombinants against bordetella bronchiseptica challenge]. | in this study we showed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of five pertactin recombinants against bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) challenge. | 2010 | 21090265 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| review: toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in pulmonary antibacterial immunity. | lung diseases caused by bacteria are a leading cause of death in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals as well as in children. although neutrophil recruitment is critical to augment the host defence, excessive neutrophil accumulation results in life-threatening diseases, such as acute lung injury (ali) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). therefore, it is important to modulate excessive neutrophil influx in ali/ards to mitigate lung damage and mortality. a better unde ... | 2010 | 20418253 |
| new antiseptic peptides to protect against endotoxin-mediated shock. | systemic bacterial infections are associated with high mortality. the access of bacteria or constituents thereof to systemic circulation induces the massive release of immunomodulatory mediators, ultimately causing tissue hypoperfusion and multiple-organ failure despite adequate antibiotic treatment. lipid a, the "endotoxic principle" of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), is one of the major bacterial immunostimuli. here we demonstrate the biological efficacy of rationally designed new syntheti ... | 2010 | 20606063 |
| sphaeranthus indicus linn.: a phytopharmacological review. | sphaeranthus indicus linn. (asteraceae) is widely used in ayurvedic system of medicine to treat vitiated conditions of epilepsy, mental illness, hemicrania, jaundice, hepatopathy, diabetes, leprosy, fever, pectoralgia, cough, gastropathy, hernia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis, dyspepsia and skin diseases. there are reports providing scientific evidences for hypotensive, anxiolytic, neuroleptic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bronchodialatory, antihyperglycemic and ... | 2010 | 21455454 |
| the scottish structural proteomics facility: targets, methods and outputs. | the scottish structural proteomics facility was funded to develop a laboratory scale approach to high throughput structure determination. the effort was successful in that over 40 structures were determined. these structures and the methods harnessed to obtain them are reported here. this report reflects on the value of automation but also on the continued requirement for a high degree of scientific and technical expertise. the efficiency of the process poses challenges to the current paradigm o ... | 2010 | 20419351 |
| improving draft assemblies by iterative mapping and assembly of short reads to eliminate gaps. | advances in sequencing technology allow genomes to be sequenced at vastly decreased costs. however, the assembled data frequently are highly fragmented with many gaps. we present a practical approach that uses illumina sequences to improve draft genome assemblies by aligning sequences against contig ends and performing local assemblies to produce gap-spanning contigs. the continuity of a draft genome can thus be substantially improved, often without the need to generate new data. | 2010 | 20388197 |
| sites inferred by metabolic background assertion labeling (simbal): adapting the partial phylogenetic profiling algorithm to scan sequences for signatures that predict protein function. | comparative genomics methods such as phylogenetic profiling can mine powerful inferences from inherently noisy biological data sets. we introduce sites inferred by metabolic background assertion labeling (simbal), a method that applies the partial phylogenetic profiling (ppp) approach locally within a protein sequence to discover short sequence signatures associated with functional sites. the approach is based on the basic scoring mechanism employed by ppp, namely the use of binomial distributio ... | 2010 | 20102603 |
| two-component signaling circuit structure and properties. | various modeling and experimental studies have analyzed the reactions, interconnections, and motifs in two-component systems, with an eye toward understanding their physiological implications and the differences between alternative designs. examples where recent progress has been made include aspects of autoregulation, signal integration in branched pathways, cross-talk suppression, and cross-regulation via connector proteins. | 2010 | 20149717 |
| the bacterial ghost platform system: production and applications. | the bacterial ghost (bg) platform technology is an innovative system for vaccine, drug or active substance delivery and for technical applications in white biotechnology. bgs are cell envelopes derived from gram-negative bacteria. bgs are devoid of all cytoplasmic content but have a preserved cellular morphology including all cell surface structures. using bgs as delivery vehicles for subunit or dna-vaccines the particle structure and surface properties of bgs are targeting the carrier itself to ... | 2010 | 21326832 |
| the changing microbial epidemiology in cystic fibrosis. | infection of the airways remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with cystic fibrosis (cf). this review describes salient features of the epidemiologies of microbial species that are involved in respiratory tract infection in cf. the apparently expanding spectrum of species causing infection in cf and recent changes in the incidences and prevalences of infection due to specific bacterial, fungal, and viral species are described. the challenges inherent in tracking and int ... | 2010 | 20375354 |
| nad (+) -dependent formate dehydrogenase from plants. | nad(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase (fdh, ec 1.2.1.2) widely occurs in nature. fdh consists of two identical subunits and contains neither prosthetic groups nor metal ions. this type of fdh was found in different microorganisms (including pathogenic ones), such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants. as opposed to microbiological fdhs functioning in cytoplasm, plant fdhs localize in mitochondria. formate dehydrogenase activity was first discovered as early as in 1921 in plant; however, until ... | 2011 | 22649703 |
| vitamin d3: a helpful immuno-modulator. | the active metabolite of vitamin d, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25(oh)(2) d3], is involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism and exerts a large number of biological effects. vitamin d3 inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion, adaptive immunity and cell proliferation, and at the same time promotes insulin secretion, innate immunity and stimulates cellular differentiation. the role of vitamin d3 in immunoregulation has led to the concept of a dual function as both as an important secosteroid ho ... | 2011 | 21896008 |
| using a single blood sample and inulin to estimate glomerular filtration rate in rabbits. | to establish a simple procedure for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (gfr) in conscious rabbits, we used the conventional multisample approach to develop a single-blood-sample method. a bolus injection of inulin was administered intravenously at a dose of 40 mg/kg to male new zealand white rabbits, and blood was collected 30, 60, 90, and 120 min later. serum inulin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations were determined. using this multi-sample method, the reference gfr in clinica ... | 2011 | 22330718 |
| risk factors for delays between intake and veterinary approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens. | to maximize their capacity to save lives and optimize resource allocation, animal shelters need to identify highly adoptable animals that are unlikely to be delayed on medical grounds before they can be made available for adoption. in this retrospective cohort study, our objective was to identify risk factors for delays from intake to approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens. shelter medical records from 2008 for 335 puppies and 370 kittens were selected randomly a ... | 2011 | 21621287 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes and antigenic determinant genes in bordetella pertussis strains isolated in korea. | to confirm genotype diversities of clinical isolates of bordetella pertussis and to evaluate the risk of pertussis outbreak in korea. | 2011 | 24159461 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in an extremely-low-birth-weight neonate. | bordetella bronchiseptica, a gram-negative coccobacillus, is a common veterinary pathogen. in both domestic and wild animals, this bacterium causes respiratory infections including infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs and atrophic rhinitis in swine. human infections are rare and have been documented in immunocompromised hosts. here, we describe an extremely-low-birth-weight infant with b. bronchiseptica pneumonia. this is the first report that describes the microorganism's responsibility in caus ... | 2011 | 23705092 |
| genetic therapies for cystic fibrosis lung disease. | the aim of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease is to efficiently and safely express the cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) in the appropriate pulmonary cell types. although cf patients experience multi-organ disease, the chronic bacterial lung infections and associated inflammation are the primary cause of shortened life expectancy. gene transfer-based therapeutic approaches are feasible, in part, because the airway epithelium is directly accessible by aerosol delivery ... | 2011 | 21422098 |
| the mobm relaxase domain of plasmid pmv158: thermal stability and activity upon mn2+ and specific dna binding. | protein mobm, the relaxase involved in conjugative transfer of the streptococcal plasmid pmv158, is the prototype of the mob(v) superfamily of relaxases. to characterize the dna-binding and nicking domain of mobm, a truncated version of the protein (mobmn199) encompassing its n-terminal region was designed and the protein was purified. mobmn199 was monomeric in contrast to the dimeric form of the full-length protein, but it kept its nicking activity on pmv158 dna. the optimal relaxase activity w ... | 2011 | 21296755 |
| skull base defect in a patient with ozena undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy. | ozena, which is often used interchangeably with atrophic rhinitis or empty nose syndrome, is a progressive and chronically debilitating nasal disease that results in atrophy of the nasal mucosa, nasal crusting, fetor, and destruction of submucosal structures. although the etiology is not completely understood, infection with klebsiella ozaenae is widely believed to contribute to the destructive changes. we present a case of a patient with ozena secondary to k. ozaenae with extensive destruction ... | 2011 | 22852113 |
| anti-biofilm compounds derived from marine sponges. | bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. in the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. in their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. within a host environment, they are insensitive to antiseptics and basic host immune responses. it is estimat ... | 2011 | 22073007 |
| infections and immunodeficiency in down syndrome. | down syndrome (ds) is the most common genetic disease and presents with cognitive impairment, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, in addition to other miscellaneous clinical conditions. ds individuals may have a high frequency of infections, usually of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by increased severity and prolonged course of disease, which are partially attributed to defects of the immune system. the abnormalities of the immune system associated with ds include: mild to mo ... | 2011 | 21352207 |
| modulation of nf-κb signalling by microbial pathogens. | the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host immune responses. the nf-κb proteins are activated by diverse signalling pathways that originate from many different cellular receptors and sensors. many successful pathogens have acquired sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the nf-κb signalling pathways by deploying subversive proteins or hijacking the host si ... | 2011 | 21383764 |
| application of taqman low-density arrays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory pathogens. | the large and growing number of viral and bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory infections poses a challenge for laboratories seeking to provide rapid and comprehensive pathogen identification. we evaluated a novel application of the taqman low-density array (tlda) cards for real-time pcr detection of 21 respiratory-pathogen targets. the performance of the tlda was compared to that of individual real-time pcr (irtp) assays with the same primers and probes using (i) nucleic acids extrac ... | 2011 | 21471348 |
| influence of a pig respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of amoxicillin after oral ad libitum administration in medicated feed. | the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin in healthy and respiratory-diseased pigs were studied, after ad libitum administration of medicated feed. in addition, amoxicillin dose linearity and drug penetration into respiratory tract tissues were evaluated in diseased animals. the respiratory disease involves porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and bacterial agents such as pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococcus suis. typical clinical signs and gross ... | 2011 | 21492192 |
| bioinformatic characterization of the trimeric intracellular cation-specific channel protein family. | trimeric intracellular cation-specific (tric) channels are integral to muscle excitation-contraction coupling. tric channels provide counter-ionic flux when calcium is rapidly transported from intracellular stores to the cell cytoplasm. until recently, knowledge of the presence of these proteins was limited to animals. we analyzed the tric family and identified a profusion of prokaryotic family members with topologies and motifs similar to those of their eukaryotic counterparts. prokaryotic memb ... | 2011 | 21519847 |
| differential expression of type iii effector btea protein due to is481 insertion in bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis is the primary etiologic agent of the disease pertussis. universal immunization programs have contributed to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of pertussis; however, incidence of the disease, especially in adolescents and adults, has increased in several countries despite high vaccination coverage. during the last three decades, strains of bordetella pertussis in circulation have shifted from the vaccine-type to the nonvaccine-type in many countries. a compa ... | 2011 | 21423776 |
| penetration of oxytetracycline into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration in healthy pigs. | the penetration of oxytetracycline (otc) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was evaluated during the first study, in response to oral dose of 20ôçâmg of otc per kg of body weight (bwt) per day as a 400ôçâmg/kg feed medication (nôçâ=ôçâ5) and to intramuscular (i.m.)-administered formulations at 10ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5), 20ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5), 40ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5). concentrations of otc in plasma and nasal secretions were determined by a validated ultra-high performance li ... | 2011 | 21395609 |
| primary follicular dystrophy with scarring dermatitis in c57bl/6 mouse substrains resembles central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in humans. | a number of c57bl/6 (b6) substrains are commonly used by scientists for basic biomedical research. one of several b6 strain-specific background diseases is focal alopecia that may resolve or progress to severe, ulcerative dermatitis. clinical and progressive histologic changes of skin disease commonly observed in c57bl/6j and preliminary studies in other closely related substrains are presented. lesions develop due to a primary follicular dystrophy with rupture of severely affected follicles lea ... | 2011 | 20861494 |
| epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea. | epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ... | 2011 | 21368558 |
| real-time detection and identification of chlamydophila species in veterinary specimens using sybr green based pcr assays. | infections caused by members of the chlamydiaceae family have long been underestimated due to the requirement of special laboratory facilities for the detection of this group of intracellular pathogens. furthermore, new studies of this group of intracellular pathogens have revealed that host specificity of different species is not as clear as recently believed. as most members of the genus chlamydophila (cp.) have shown to be transmissible from animals to humans, sensitive and fast detection met ... | 2011 | 21764961 |
| interaction of bordetella bronchiseptica, pasteurella multocida, and fumonisin b1 in the porcine respiratory tract as studied by computed tomography. | the interaction of bordetella bronchiseptica, toxigenic pasteurella multocida serotype d, and the mycotoxin fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) was studied. on day 0 of the experiment, 28 artificially reared 3-day-old piglets were divided into 4 groups (n = 7 each): a control group (a), a group fed fb(1) toxin (b), a group infected with the 2 pathogens (c), and a group infected with the 2 pathogens and fed fb(1) toxin (d). the b. bronchiseptica infection [with 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml] was perform ... | 2011 | 22210993 |
| the role of pagl and lpxo in bordetella bronchiseptica lipid a biosynthesis. | pagl and lpxo are enzymes that modify lipid a. pagl is a 3-o deacylase that removes the primary acyl chain from the 3 position and lpxo is an oxygenase that 2-hydroxylates specific acyl chains in the lipid a. pagl and lpxo homologues have been identified in the genome of bordetella bronchiseptica but in the current structure for b. bronchiseptica lipid a the 3 position is acylated and 2-oh acylation is not reported. we have investigated the role of b. bronchiseptica pagl and lpxo in lipid a bios ... | 2011 | 21764941 |
| the acid phosphatase acpa is secreted in vitro and in macrophages by francisella spp. | francisella tularensis is a remarkably infectious facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. essential to f. tularensis spp. pathogenesis is its ability to escape the destructive phagosomal environment and inhibit the host cell respiratory burst. f. tularensis spp. encode a series of acid phosphatases, which have been reported to play important roles in francisella phagosomal escape, inhibition of the respiratory burst and intracellular survival. however, rigo ... | 2011 | 22184418 |
| an acpxl mutant in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolus lacks 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in its lipid a and is developmentally delayed during symbiotic infection of the determinate nodulating host plant phaseolus vulgaris. | rhizobium leguminosarum is a gram negative bacterium that forms nitrogen fixing symbioses with compatible leguminous plants via intracellular invasion and establishes a persistent infection within host membrane derived subcellular compartments. notably, an unusual very long chain fatty acid (vlcfa) is found in the lipid a of r. leguminosarum as well as in the lipid a of the medically relevant pathogens brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, bartonella henselae, and legionellae pneumophila which ... | 2011 | 21764936 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection causes lung lesions historically attributed to rat respiratory virus. | idiopathic lung lesions characterized by dense perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes and a lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia have been noted in research rats since the 1990s. although the etiology of this disease has remained elusive, a putative viral etiology was suspected and the term 'rat respiratory virus' (rrv) has been used in reference to this disease agent. the purpose of this study was to determine whether pneumocystis carinii infection in immunocompetent rats can cause idiopathic lu ... | 2011 | 21819681 |
| superovulation strategies for 6 commonly used mouse strains. | we examined different weight ranges and hormone dosages to determine superovulation protocols for 6 mouse strains commonly used in genetic engineering: c57bl/6nhsd, b6(cg)-tyr(c-2j)/j, b6d2f1/hsd, fvb/nhsd, balb/canncr, and crl:cd1(icr). mice from each strain were divided into groups based on weight roughly corresponding to those of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-wk-old mice. mice were treated with 5 iu pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg) and 5 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg). the weights of mice t ... | 2011 | 21838974 |
| genetic diversity of streptococcus suis isolates as determined by comparative genome hybridization. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes infections in young piglets. s. suis is a heterogeneous species. thirty-three different capsular serotypes have been described, that differ in virulence between as well as within serotypes. | 2011 | 21736719 |
| the lptd chaperone lpte is not directly involved in lipopolysaccharide transport in neisseria meningitidis. | the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in gram-negative bacteria is well understood, in contrast to the transport to its destination, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. in escherichia coli, synthesis and transport of lps are essential processes. neisseria meningitidis, conversely, can survive without lps and tolerates inactivation of genes involved in lps synthesis and transport. here, we analyzed whether the lpta, lptb, lptc, lpte, lptf, and lptg proteins, recently implicated in lps ... | 2011 | 21705335 |
| detection of urease-negative bordetella bronchiseptica from the field. | four urease-negative bordetella bronchiseptica isolates originating from pigs were examined by phenotypic and molecular methods. the phenotypic properties of the isolates were in harmony with the data of the literature, except for the lack of urease activity in conventional tube test, api 20 ne and diatabsôäó assays. using genotypic methods, the urease-negative isolates did not differ from the urease-positive reference strain. they were positive in species-specific and urec pcr, and all strains ... | 2011 | 21727061 |
| virulence determinants, drug resistance and mobile genetic elements of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis. | 2011 | 21711902 |