Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired pneumonia isolates in europe: first results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program 1997. sentry participants group. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program was established to monitor the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens via an international network of sentinel hospitals. | 1999 | 10460927 |
| the efficacy and safety of a new ciprofloxacin suspension compared with co-amoxiclav tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | a multinational, multicentre, randomized, prospective, parallel-group study compared treatment with ciprofloxacin administered as an oral suspension (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) with co-amoxiclav tablets (625 mg three times daily for 7 days) in patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). a total of 147 of 165 cases treated with ciprofloxacin (89.1%) and 146 of 162 cases treated with co-amoxiclav (90.1%) were classified as being clinical successes at the primary e ... | 1999 | 10464889 |
| cloning of a chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum chromosomal gene (blaa(cme)) encoding an extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase related to the bacteroides cephalosporinases and the veb-1 and per beta-lactamases. | in addition to the blab metallo-beta-lactamase, chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum ccug 4310 (nctc 10585) constitutively produces a 31-kda active-site serine beta-lactamase, named cme-1, with an alkaline isoelectric ph. the blaa(cme) gene that encodes the latter enzyme was isolated from a genomic library constructed in the escherichia coli plasmid vector pacyc184 by screening for cefuroxime-resistant clones. sequence analysis revealed that the cme-1 enzyme is a new class a beta-la ... | 1999 | 10471563 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1997)]. | the bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and analyzed some characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in these 17 institutions around the entire japan, 512 strains of presumably etiologica ... | 1999 | 10480048 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefetamet against clinically isolated strains from community acquired respiratory tract infections. part iii]. | antimicrobial activities of cefetamet (cemt) against clinically isolated strains from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections were investigated in comparison with those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics during the period from january to march, 1998. the results are summarized as follows; 1. cemt showed strong antimicrobial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquired respiratory tract infections, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae an ... | 1999 | 10481811 |
| influence of increased macrolide consumption on macrolide resistance of common respiratory pathogens. | the impact of increased macrolide consumption on the resistance of common respiratory pathogens to erythromycin and azithromycin was evaluated. the study focused mainly on azithromycin. during the period from 1991 to 1996, a 3.5-fold increase in macrolide prescriptions for outpatients was observed in slovenia. compared to 1994, when no macrolide resistance was evident in streptococcus pyogenes and noninvasive streptococcus pneumoniae, a significant increase in macrolide resistance was observed i ... | 1999 | 10482034 |
| comparison of agar dilution, microdilution, e-test, and disk diffusion methods for testing activity of cefditoren against streptococcus pneumoniae. | this study evaluated the susceptibility of pneumococci to cefditoren by agar dilution and microdilution methods (both in air) and by e-test (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) and disk diffusion methods (both in co(2)). by the three mic tests, the mics at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited (mic(50)s and mic(90)s) were, respectively, as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): for the 65 penicillin-susceptible strains tested, 0.016 and 0.03 (by agar dilution), 0.016 and 0.03 (by microdilution), a ... | 1999 | 10488195 |
| improved detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in middle-ear fluid cultures by use of a gentamicin-containing medium. | the performance of columbia agar medium with added sheep blood and gentamicin (cag) for isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from middle-ear fluid cultures was compared to that of routine blood agar medium (ba). of 238 pneumococcal isolates recovered, cag plates detected 233 (97.9%) but ba plates detected only 208 (87.4%) (p < 0. 001). | 1999 | 10488223 |
| structural analysis of plasmid plq510 from moraxella catarrhalis e22. | the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid plq510 from moraxella catarrhalis strain e22 has been determined. this plasmid contained 12,082 bp with 38% gc content. five open reading frames that encoded predicted proteins with homology to plasmid-encoded proteins from other bacteria were identified. a putative origin of replication that contained an at-rich region followed by four direct repeats and an inverted repeat was identified. | 1999 | 10489333 |
| comparative activities of six different fluoroquinolones against 9,682 clinical bacterial isolates from 20 european university hospitals participating in the european sentry surveillance programme. the sentry participants group. | the in-vitro activities of gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were tested against 9,682 clinical bacterial isolates from 20 european university hospitals participating in the european sentry surveillance programme. gatifloxacin and trovafloxacin exhibited the highest activities against gram-positive cocci, while levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gatifloxacin were the most active against enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin and levofloxaci ... | 1999 | 10493607 |
| outer membrane proteins as a carrier for detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate vaccines for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common cause of otitis media and respiratory tract infections. outer membrane proteins (omp) and lipooligosaccharide (los) are major surface antigens of nthi and potential vaccine candidates. de-o-acylated los (dlos) or oligosaccharide (os) was coupled to total omp to form dlos-omp and os-omp conjugates, while a dlos-tetanus toxoid (tt) was synthesized for comparison. these conjugates were evaluated in mice and rabbits for immunogenicity. dlos-omp e ... | 1999 | 10496940 |
| moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia and bacteremia in an otherwise healthy child. | 1999 | 10500894 | |
| evaluation of a 74-kda transferrin-binding protein from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis as a vaccine candidate. | an outer membrane protein from moraxella catarrhalis with a mass of 74-kda was isolated and evaluated as a vaccine candidate. the 74-kda protein binds transferrin, and appears to be related to the other proteins from the organism that are reported to bind transferrin. the 74-kda protein possessed conserved epitopes exposed on the bacterial surface. this is based on the reactivity with whole bacterial cells as well as complement dependent bactericidal activity of sera from mice immunized with the ... | 1999 | 10501241 |
| on the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. | secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. in this study five atcc standard bacterial strains (haemophilus influenzae atcc 9006, moraxella catarrhalis atcc 8176, sal ... | 1999 | 10504039 |
| the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis structural relationships and antigenic properties. | moraxella catarrhalis has recently been shown to be both widespread and pathogenic, in contrast to previous reports. several factors have been suggested as virulence factors, lipopolysaccharide (lps) being one. recent studies have shown the lps to be without the o-chain, i.e. the polysaccharide part, and to have specific structural features corresponding to each of the three serogroups, a, b and c. the structures resemble in many respects those present in other gram-negative nonenteric bacteria, ... | 1999 | 10504382 |
| [in vitro activity of pristinamycin on respiratory bacteria]. | two-phase action: pristinamycin is composed of two active substances a and b. pristinamycin a (sa) first binds to the ribosome subunit 50s. pristinamycin b (sb) then locks onto sa causing irreversible inhibition of bacterial protein production. well-adapted activity spectrum: a member of the streptogramin family of antibiotics, pristinamycin is active against the main bacteria causing respiratory tract infections (pneumococci, s. aureus, h. influenzae) as well as against mycoplasma and anaerobic ... | 1999 | 10506876 |
| potent bacteriolytic activity of ritipenem associated with a characteristic profile of affinities for penicillin-binding proteins of haemophilus influenzae. | ritipenem is highly bacteriolytic against haemophilus influenzae. bacterial lysis was shown after treatments with ritipenem and cefsulodin at their mics and after treatments with fropenem and cefdinir at four times their mics, indicated by decreases in the culture turbidities and by morphological changes of the destroyed cells. these beta-lactams were preferentially bound to penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 1b. ritipenem, fropenem, and cefsulodin exhibited poor affinities to pbps 3a and 3b, but ... | 1999 | 10508039 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of fk041, a new orally active cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of fk041, a new orally active cephem antibiotic, against a wide variety of clinical isolates of bacteria was investigated and compared with those of cefdinir (cfdn) and cefditoren (cdtr). fk041 exhibited broad spectrum activity against reference strains of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. fk041 was active against clinical isolates of gram-positive organisms except enterococcus faecalis with mic90s less than 1.56 microg/ml. fk041 was more active than cf ... | 1999 | 10513845 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced purulent otitis media in the rat middle ear. structure, protection, and serum antibodies. | to study the effects of viable and heat-killed moraxella catarrhalis bacteria on the middle ear mucosa and to evaluate the protection after whole-cell immunizations, sprague-dawley rats were challenged and rechallenged with four different m. catarrhalis strains. the animals were monitored by clinical observations, bacterial and histological samples from middle ears, and serum igg levels. only viable bacteria at a high concentration induced purulent otitis media, which was culture positive in 58% ... | 1999 | 10515124 |
| investigation of mucosal immunisation in pulmonary clearance of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. to identify immune responses that may facilitate the development of a mucosal vaccine, a mouse model to study pulmonary responses was established. regimes involving intra-peyer's patch, intratracheal and intranasal routes of immunisation with killed m. catarrhalis were investigated. a mucosal immunisation regime of a primary intra-peyer ... | 1999 | 10519928 |
| quantitation of bacterial adherence by image analysis. | in studies of the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to host eukaryotic cells in vitro, the counting of the bacteria is often challenging, especially if many experiments are involved. we developed a method to use digital imaging and computer-aided recognition for the quantitation of bacteria attached to cultured cells. we employed an immunocytochemical method to stain the bacteria and leave the hosts cells relatively unstained. we describe this method for use with five species of bacteria, strepto ... | 1999 | 10520581 |
| the microbiology of recurrent rhinosinusitis after endoscopic sinus surgery. | to determine the microbiology of recurrent sinus infections occurring in patients after endoscopic sinus surgery (ess). | 1999 | 10522504 |
| development of a pcr assay for rapid detection of enterococci. | enterococci are becoming major nosocomial pathogens, and increasing resistance to vancomycin has been well documented. conventional identification methods, which are based on culturing, require 2 to 3 days to provide results. pcr has provided a means for the culture-independent detection of enterococci in a variety of clinical specimens and is capable of yielding results in just a few hours. however, all pcr-based assays developed so far are species specific only for clinically important enteroc ... | 1999 | 10523541 |
| fusidic acid in vitro activity. | fusidic acid is a narrow spectrum agent that acts to inhibit protein synthesis by inhibition of elongation factor g at the level of the ribosome. because of high protein binding susceptibility testing in vitro is affected by the presence of blood or serum. in addition, there is a modest inoculum effect in vitro. a breakpoint of 1 or 2 mg/l is most widely used for defining resistance to systemic treatment with fusidic acid. fusidic acid activity is principally directed at staphylococci, both stap ... | 1999 | 10528786 |
| in vitro activity of the novel ketolide hmr 3647 and comparative oral antibiotics against canadian respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activities of hmr 3647, erythromycin a, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, penicillin g, ampicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin were determined for 1179 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1438 haemophilus influenzae, and 428 moraxella catarrhalis isolated from respiratory tract specimens by 18 medical centers across canada during 1997-1998. on a per weight basis, hmr 3647 was the most active agent tested against s. pneum ... | 1999 | 10529880 |
| changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria. | over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ... | 1999 | 10530434 |
| high incidence of alloiococcus otitis in otitis media with effusion. | the etiology of otitis media with effusion (ome) is unclear. although the majority of effusions show inflammation, culture methods yield positive results for bacteria in only 20 to 30% of cases. | 1999 | 10530580 |
| streptococcus pneumoniae causes otitis media with higher fever and more redness of tympanic membranes than haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. | 1999 | 10530598 | |
| characterization of pic, a secreted protease of shigella flexneri and enteroaggregative escherichia coli. | we have identified and characterized a secreted protein, designated pic, which is encoded on the chromosomes of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) 042 and shigella flexneri 2457t. the product of the pic gene is synthesized as a 146.5-kda precursor molecule which is processed at the n and c termini during secretion, allowing the release of a mature protein (109.8 kda) into the culture supernatant. the deduced amino acid sequence of pic shows high homology to autotransporter proteins, parti ... | 1999 | 10531204 |
| construction and characterization of moraxella catarrhalis mutants defective in expression of transferrin receptors. | we have previously reported the construction of an isogenic mutant defective in expression of ompb1, the tbpb homologue, in moraxella catarrhalis 7169. in this report, we have extended these studies by constructing and characterizing two new isogenic mutants in this clinical isolate. one mutant is defective in expression of tbpa, and the other mutant is defective in expression of both tbpa and tbpb. these isogenic mutants were confirmed by using pcr analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamid ... | 1999 | 10531234 |
| survey of susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 26 antimicrobial agents: a prospective u.s. study. | an antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates was performed during the winter of 1996-1997 in order to determine their susceptibilities to 5 fluoroquinolones and 21 other antimicrobial agents. broth microdilution mics were determined for 2, 752 isolates from 51 u.s. medical centers. of the 1,276 s. pneumoniae isolates, 64% were susceptible, 17% were intermediate, and 19% were highly resistant to penicill ... | 1999 | 10543737 |
| pharmacokinetics of a once-daily oral dose of moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039), a new enantiomerically pure 8-methoxy quinolone. | the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral moxifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy quinolone, were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which healthy male and female volunteers received either 400 mg of moxifloxacin once daily (n = 10) or a placebo once daily (n = 5) for 10 days. plasma moxifloxacin concentrations on days 1 and 10 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection. standard pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated ... | 1999 | 10543767 |
| in vitro activities of gemifloxacin (sb 265805, lb20304) against recent clinical isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. | we compared the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, to the activities of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycycline against 20 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. gemifloxacin was the most active quinolone tested, with a mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited and a minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed of 0.25 microg/ml, but this activity was less than those of doxycycline and erythromycin. | 1999 | 10543770 |
| the in-vitro activity and tentative breakpoint of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in-vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against a wide range (c. 700) of recent clinical isolates, was compared with that of three other fluoroquinolones and other relevant agents. gemifloxacin inhibited 90% of the enterobacteriaceae strains at 0.5 mg/l or less, exceptions being serratia spp. (mic(90) 1 mg/l) and strains possessing a putative mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones. ninety per cent of pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited by 4 mg/l. gemifloxacin had goo ... | 1999 | 10552986 |
| emergence of antibiotic resistance in upper and lower respiratory tract infections. | the increase in antibiotic resistance is of great concern to the medical community. the treatment of respiratory tract infections are significantly impacted by resistance, as 67% of antibiotic use in adults and 87% in children is for the treatment of such infections. the most common pathogens implicated in these infections are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, and isolates of all 3 have developed resistance to some of the antibiotics currently on the ma ... | 1999 | 10558123 |
| genetic relatedness among nontypeable pneumococci implicated in sporadic cases of conjunctivitis. | nontypeable streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of epidemic conjunctivitis. a previous molecular fingerprinting study identified a clone of nontypeable pneumococcus that was responsible for a recent outbreak of conjunctivitis. in the present study, we examined the extent to which pneumococci that cause sporadic cases of conjunctivitis are related to this epidemic strain. using arbitrarily primed box-pcr, we have determined that, of 10 nontypeable pneumococci causing sporadic conjunctiviti ... | 1999 | 10565927 |
| leptospiral outer membrane proteins ompl1 and lipl41 exhibit synergistic immunoprotection. | new vaccine strategies are needed for prevention of leptospirosis, a widespread human and veterinary disease caused by invasive spirochetes belonging to the genus leptospira. we have examined the immunoprotective capacity of the leptospiral porin ompl1 and the leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein lipl41 in the golden syrian hamster model of leptospirosis. specialized expression plasmids were developed to facilitate expression of leptospiral proteins in escherichia coli as the membrane-associat ... | 1999 | 10569777 |
| antibody response to outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of bacterial otitis media, and a vaccine to prevent this disease would be highly desirable. analysis of the dominant antigens on the surface of m. catarrhalis recognized by the human immune response to infection might aid in such a search. such analysis would be most informative when studied in the eventual target age group for the vaccine; thus we have studied the immune response to m. catarrhalis in infants with otitis media. | 1999 | 10571435 |
| [development of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria and the impact of resistance on therapy]. | bacterial resistance to antibiotic is the inevitable consequence of the utilization of antimicrobial agents all over the world, particularly in developed countries. it is particularly evident with beta-lactam agents because they are among most frequently prescribed drugs. the resistance is mainly attributable to production of various types of beta-lactamases but other mechanisms like alterations in pbp molecules or in outer membrane proteins can play a significant role. increased resistance can ... | 1999 | 10573961 |
| management of acute otitis media in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance. | development of resistance to available antimicrobial agents has been identified in every decade since the introduction of the sulfonamides in the 1930s. current concerns for management of acute otitis media (aom) are multi-drug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in the usa, amoxicillin remains the drug for choice for aom. increasing the current dose to 80 mg/kg/day in two doses provides increased concentrations of dru ... | 1999 | 10577768 |
| update of microbial problems in pediatric otorhinolaryngology: plenary session. | the bacteria to consider in upper respiratory tract infections in children are pneumococci, haemophilus influenzae, group a streptococci and moraxella catarrhalis. | 1999 | 10577771 |
| an aerosol challenge mouse model for moraxella catarrhalis. | a simple, reproducible, and non-invasive mouse pulmonary clearance model for moraxella catarrhalis via aerosol challenge was established. all of eight tested strains could be inoculated into mice at more than 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu)/lung with a challenge concentration of 1x10(9)-6x10(9) cfu/ml in a nebulizer. the number of bacteria retained at 6 h postchallenge was more than 10(4) cfu/lung while at 24 h postchallenge, approximate 10(3) cfu/ml or less remained in the lungs. a maximum of ... | 1999 | 10580192 |
| the impact of antimicrobial resistance: changing epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory-tract infections. | current surveillance data and mechanisms of resistance for the three most common bacteria infecting the respiratory tract are reviewed. many pathogens, once susceptible to available antimicrobials, are now demonstrating high levels of resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents for the treatment of respiratory-tract infections. the three most common respiratory-tract pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, all exhibit high-level resistan ... | 1999 | 10580734 |
| activity of gemifloxacin against penicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae displaying topoisomerase- and efflux-mediated resistance mechanisms. | nine penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates from northern ireland, resistant to ciprofloxacin (mics, 2 to 64 microg/ml) through topoisomerase- and/or reserpine-sensitive efflux mechanisms, were highly susceptible to gemifloxacin (mics, 0.03 to 0. 12 microg/ml). two strains (requiring a ciprofloxacin mic of 64 microg/ml) carried known quinolone resistance mutations in parc, pare, and gyrb, resulting in s79f, d435v, and e474k changes, respectively. thus, gemifloxacin is ac ... | 1999 | 10582896 |
| comparative in vitro antimicrobial activities of the newly synthesized quinolone hsr-903, sitafloxacin (du-6859a), gatifloxacin (am-1155), and levofloxacin against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | we compared the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, hsr-903, with strong activity against gram-positive cocci with those of levofloxacin (lvfx), sitafloxacin (stfx), and gatifloxacin (gflx). the mics of the quinolones for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex were in the order stfx approximately gflx < lvfx <== hsr-903 and stfx <== gflx <== hsr-903 <== lvfx, respectively. hsr-903 effectively eliminated intramacrophagial m. tuberculosis, as did lvfx, ... | 1999 | 10582897 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia: a 10-year experience. | moraxella catarrhalis commonly inhabits the upper respiratory tract and is a cause of acute otitis media and sinusitis in children. it is an infrequent cause of invasive disease. | 1999 | 10586832 |
| in-vitro activity of hmr 3647 against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and beta-haemolytic streptococci. | the in-vitro activity of hmr 3647 and seven comparators (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin a, roxithromycin, penicillin g, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) were tested against 207 streptococcus pneumoniae and 200 beta-haemolytic streptococci. ten comparators (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin a, roxithromycin, ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) were tested against 143 haemophilus influenzae and 58 moraxella catarrhalis. the mic50 of ... | 1999 | 10588304 |
| five day moxifloxacin therapy compared with 7 day clarithromycin therapy for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in this multinational, randomized, double-blind study, the efficacy and safety of a 5 day course of moxifloxacin 400 mg orally od was compared with that of a 7 day course of clarithromycin 500 mg orally bd. in 750 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, characterized by at least two of the symptoms: sputum purulence, increased sputum volume or increased dyspnoea. seven days after the end of therapy, clinical cure was achieved for 89% (287 of 322) of efficacy-evaluable patients i ... | 1999 | 10588312 |
| randomized, double-blind study of short-course (5 day) grepafloxacin versus 10 day clarithromycin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the efficacy and safety of grepafloxacin were compared with clarithromycin in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial of 805 patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abecb). patients were randomized to receive grepafloxacin 400 mg od for either 5 (n = 273) or 10 days (n = 268) or clarithromycin 250 mg bd for 10 days (n = 261). patients were assessed pre-treatment, 3-5 days during treatment, 1-3 days post-treatment and at follow-up (21-28 days post-treatme ... | 1999 | 10588313 |
| acute laryngitis in the rat induced by moraxella catarrhalis and bordetella pertussis: number of neutrophils, dendritic cells, and t and b lymphocytes accumulating during infection in the laryngeal mucosa strongly differs in adjacent locations. | infectious laryngotracheitis results in fulminant respiratory distress. during the disease, the subglottic mucosa is selectively infected and swollen, the reason for this preference being unknown. therefore, in the present study the immunoreaction of the laryngeal mucosa was studied in the rat after inhalation of either heat-killed moraxella catarrhalis (pvg rats) or application of viable bordetella pertussis (bn rats). the number of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and t and b lymphoc ... | 1999 | 10590036 |
| resistance surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in the united states, 1997-1998. | a national antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was conducted from december 1997 to may 1998 to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in 6620 clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in this centralized study, which involved 163 institutions located in 43 states, we determined mics for representatives of five antimicrobial classes: beta-lactams (penicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone), macrolides (azithromyc ... | 1999 | 10590275 |
| tentative minimum inhibitory concentration and zone diameter breakpoints for moxifloxacin using bsac criteria. | tentative mic and zone diameter breakpoints were determined for moxifloxacin using bsac criteria. an mic breakpoint of < or =1 mg/l, denoting sensitivity, is suggested for enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, haemophili, moraxellae, pneumococci and enterococci. for pseudomonads high and low breakpoints of 4 mg/l and 1 mg/l are suggested to allow for an intermediate category of sensitivity. a 1 microg moxifloxacin disc content is suggested for testing all of the organisms previously mentioned, exce ... | 1999 | 10590284 |
| concentrations of moxifloxacin in serum and pulmonary compartments following a single 400 mg oral dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. | the concentrations of moxifloxacin achieved after a single 400 mg dose were measured in serum, epithelial lining fluid (elf), alveolar macrophages (am) and bronchial mucosa (bm). concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay. nineteen patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy were studied. mean serum, elf, am and bm concentrations at 2.2, 12 and 24 h were as follows: 2.2 h: 3.2 mg/l, 20.7 mg/l, 56.7 mg/l, 5.4 mg/kg; 12 h: 1.1 mg/l, 5.9 mg/l, 54.1 mg/l, 2.0 mg/kg; 24 h: 0.5 mg/l ... | 1999 | 10590288 |
| a 1997-1998 national surveillance study: moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae antimicrobial resistance in 34 us institutions. | from november 1, 1997 to april 30, 1998, 726 moraxella catarrhalis isolates and 1529 haemophilus influenzae isolates were obtained from 34 medical centres throughout the united states. rates of beta-lactamase production were 94.6% among m. catarrhalis and 31.1% among h. influenzae strains. susceptibility rates of m. catarrhalis isolates to selected antimicrobial agents were greater than 99% for amoxycillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefaclor, loracarbef, clarithromycin, azit ... | 1999 | 10595568 |
| aqueous and vitreous penetration of levofloxacin after oral administration. | to investigate the penetration of levofloxacin, an optical s-(-)isomer of ofloxacin, into the aqueous and vitreous humor after oral administration. | 1999 | 10599658 |
| ciprofloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis. sinusitis infection study group. | this study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin to cefuroxime axetil for the management of acute bacterial sinusitis or acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis. | 1999 | 10077777 |
| intravenous azithromycin. | to review the pharmacology, microbiology, chemistry, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, tolerability, dosage, administration, and economic issues of intravenous azithromycin. | 1999 | 10084418 |
| middle ear fluid cytokine and inflammatory cell kinetics in the chinchilla otitis media model. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microbe causing middle ear infection. the pathophysiology of pneumococcal otitis media has been characterized by measurement of local inflammatory mediators such as inflammatory cells, lysozyme, oxidative metabolic products, and inflammatory cytokines. the role of cytokines in bacterial infection has been elucidated with animal models, and interleukin (il)-1beta, il-6, and il-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) are recognized as being impor ... | 1999 | 10085040 |
| effectiveness of short-course therapy (5 days) with grepafloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | three hundred eighty-nine patients were enrolled in a double-masked, multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing the clinical and bacteriologic efficacies and safety of a 5-day course (n = 195) versus a 10-day course (n = 194) of grepafloxacin 400 mg once daily in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abecb). patients in the 5-day treatment group received placebo on days 6 through 10. bacteriologic assessments were based on cultures of sputum specimens obtain ... | 1999 | 10090434 |
| spectrum and antimicrobial activity of alexomycin (pnu-82, 127), a peptide compound projected for use in animal health. | alexomycin (pnu-82, 127) is a thiopeptide antimicrobial complex intended for veterinary practice that belongs to a series of cyclic peptides produced by streptomyces arginensis. mics against selected routine and fastidious clinical isolates of animal and human origin were determined by broth microdilution or agar dilution reference methods. alexomycin was active against gram-positive pathogens such as oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci ... | 1999 | 10092967 |
| hmbr, a hemoglobin-binding outer membrane protein of neisseria meningitidis, undergoes phase variation. | neisseria meningitidis uses hemoglobin (hb) as an iron source via two tonb-dependent outer membrane receptors, hmbr and hpub. analysis of 25 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates from serogroups a, b, c, and y revealed that 64% strains possessed both hb receptor genes. examination of the hmbr expression pattern in strains in which the hpub gene was genetically inactivated revealed two distinct hb utilization phenotypes. five strains retained the ability to grow as a confluent lawn, while ... | 1999 | 10094683 |
| moraxella catarrhalis endocarditis: report of a case and literature review. | a 53-year-old man developed severe acute systemic illness three weeks after an upper respiratory tract infection. serial blood cultures grew moraxella catarrhalis. during antibiotic treatment, fever and infectious parameters disappeared, but severe aortic regurgitation developed. aortic valve replacement was performed, during which extensive destruction of the aortic valve was noted. endocarditis due to m. catarrhalis is very rare with, to our knowledge, only six cases having been reported to da ... | 1999 | 10096493 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a novel glycylcycline, the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (gar-936). | the 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (tbg-mino) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. this new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, the n,n-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. the in vitro activities of tbg-mino and the c ... | 1999 | 10103174 |
| in vitro activities of ketolides hmr 3647 [correction of hrm 3647] and hmr 3004 [correction of hrm 3004], levofloxacin, and other quinolones and macrolides against neisseria spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. | in vitro activities of the ketolides hmr 3647 [corrected] and hmr 3004 [corrected] against pathogenic neisseria gonorrhoeae and n. meningitidis, saprophytic neisseria isolates, and moraxella catarrhalis were determined. the comparison of ketolide activities with those of the other macrolides shows a much better activity in the majority of species, with macrolide mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited between 8- and 10-fold higher. | 1999 | 10103218 |
| combined microautoradiography-16s rrna probe technique for determination of radioisotope uptake by specific microbial cell types in situ. | we propose a novel method for studying the function of specific microbial groups in situ. since natural microbial communities are dynamic both in composition and in activities, we argue that the microbial "black box" should not be regarded as homogeneous. our technique breaks down this black box with group-specific fluorescent 16s rrna probes and simultaneously determines 3h-substrate uptake by each of the subgroups present via microautoradiography (mar). total direct counting, fluorescent in si ... | 1999 | 10103276 |
| nested duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis and its application in diagnosis of pertussis in nonmetropolitan southeast queensland, australia. | a duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis was developed with the insertion sequences is481 (b. pertussis) and is1001 (b. parapertussis) and evaluated with specimens from 520 consecutive patients presenting with possible pertussis. no culture-positive-pcr-negative results occurred, giving the method a sensitivity of 100%. for b. pertussis, 58 of 520 patients (11.2%) were positive by pcr compared to 17 of 520 patients positive (3.3%) by culture. for b. parapertussis, ... | 1999 | 9986820 |
| application of pbp1a pcr in identification of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | a seminested pcr assay, based on the amplification of the pneumococcal pbp1a gene, was developed for the detection of penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. the assay was able to differentiate between intermediate (mics = 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/ml) and higher-level (mics = >/=1 microgram/ml) resistance. two species-specific primers, 1a-1 and 1a-2, which amplified a 1,043-bp region of the pbp1a penicillin-binding region, were used for pneumococcal detection. two re ... | 1999 | 9986824 |
| usefulness of pcr and antigen latex agglutination test with samples obtained by transthoracic needle aspiration for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. | in a large number of cases, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is not established. some cases are probably caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. transthoracic needle aspiration (tna) culture has a limited sensitivity which might be improved by antigen detection or gene amplification techniques. we evaluated the capacity of a pcr assay and a latex agglutination test to detect s. pneumoniae in samples obtained by tna from 95 patients with moderate-to-severe cap. latex agglutination a ... | 1999 | 9986837 |
| studies to establish quality control ranges for sb-265805 (lb2030) when using national committee for laboratory standards antimicrobial susceptibility test methods. quality control study group. | 1999 | 9988595 | |
| the levels and bactericidal capacity of antibodies directed against the uspa1 and uspa2 outer membrane proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in adults and children. | the uspa1 and uspa2 proteins from moraxella catarrhalis share antigenic epitopes and are promising vaccine candidates. in this study, the levels and bactericidal activities of antibodies in sera from healthy adults and children toward uspa1 and uspa2 from the o35e strain were measured. human sera contained antibodies to both proteins, and the levels of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies were age dependent. adult sera had significantly higher titers of igg than child sera (p < 0.01). the igg3 tite ... | 1999 | 10024576 |
| characterization of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis lbpb, lbpa, and lactoferrin receptor orf3 isogenic mutants. | pathogenic members of the family neisseriaceae produce specific receptors to acquire iron from their host's lactoferrin and transferrin. recently, putative moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes and a third open reading frame (lbpb, lbpa, and orf3) were cloned and sequenced. we describe the preliminary characterization of isogenic mutants deficient in lbpb, lbpa, or orf3 protein. | 1999 | 10024604 |
| the effect of cigarette smoke on adherence of respiratory pathogens to buccal epithelial cells. | smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in adults. in children, exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor for respiratory tract infection and bacterial meningitis: active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke is also associated with carriage of some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria in both adults and children. the aims of the study were to determine the effect of active smoking on: (1) bacterial binding to epithelial cells; (2) expressio ... | 1999 | 10030544 |
| transmission electron microscopy studies of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | a trypsin-sensitive 200-kda protein has been reported to be exclusively associated with haemagglutinating isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that haemagglutination by m. catarrhalis to both human and rabbit erythrocytes was mediated by a trypsin-sensitive outer fibrillar coat. this fibrillar layer was absent on non-haemagglutinating isolates examined. immuno-electron microscopy, using a polyclonal antiserum containing antibodies to ... | 1999 | 10030548 |
| in vitro activities of aminomethyl-substituted analogs of novel tetrahydrofuranyl carbapenems. | cl 188,624, cl 190,294, and cl 191,121 are novel aminomethyl tetrahydrofuranyl (thf)-1 beta-methylcarbapenems. the in vitro antibacterial activities of these thf carbapenems were evaluated and compared with those of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 554 recent clinical isolates obtained from geographically distinct medical centers across north america. the antibacterial activities of the thf carbapenems were equivalent to that of biapenem, and the thf carbapenems were slightly more activ ... | 1999 | 10049250 |
| comparative in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanate against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | by an agar dilution method, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of antral sinus puncture isolates were studied. pneumococci were generally susceptible to amoxicillin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, but 17% of pneumococcal isolates were resistant to cefuroxime. haemophilus influenzae isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and clarithromycin. beta-lactamase production occurred in 69% of prevotella species. one-third of peptostreptococcus magnus isolates were resistant to azithromycin and clarith ... | 1999 | 10049296 |
| ketolide treatment of haemophilus influenzae experimental pneumonia. | the mics of hmr 3004 and hmr 3647 at which 90% of beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae isolates were inhibited were 4 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. both hmr 3004 and hmr 3647 were active against beta-lactamase-producing h. influenzae in a murine model of experimental pneumonia. as assessed by pulmonary clearance of h. influenzae, hmr 3004 was more effective (p < 0.05) than was azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin a, pristinamycin, or hmr 3647 in this model. | 1999 | 10049297 |
| clinical implications of resistance in the management of respiratory tract infections. | antibiotic resistance among the three major respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, around the world. with s pneumoniae, penicillin resistance is reported in almost a quarter of isolates, with multiple resistance an increasing problem. the major concern with h influenzae is ampicillin resistance, mediated through two different mechanisms. in the case of m catarrhalis, beta-lactamase prod ... | 1999 | 10202229 |
| evolving patterns of resistance to respiratory pathogens in canada. | active surveillance of changing resistance patterns is difficult but important for rational therapeutic choices. in canada, penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved more slowly than in other countries (in europe and israel rates exceed 50%). currently, penicillin resistance is found in roughly 21% of canadian isolates, and cross-resistance is becoming common. beta-lactamase production is now found in approximately 28% of haemophilus influenzae isolates, although more recentl ... | 1999 | 10202230 |
| levofloxacin in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia. | levofloxacin is the first fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae to be released in canada. in vitro, it is active against more than 99% of isolates of s pneumoniae, even those resistant to penicillin. it is also active against respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella species. when given orally, bioavailability is greater than 99%, and the drug is highly concentrated in ... | 1999 | 10202232 |
| management of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | in chronic bronchitis, a common respiratory illness marked by chronic productive cough and caused largely by cigarette smoking, bacterial exacerbations are thought to be a common cause of progressive airway damage. common bacterial pathogens, found in 50% to 60% of episodes, include haemophilus influenzae (the most common), as well as haemophilus parainfluenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. bacterial resistance to antibiotics, especially beta-lactam drugs such as amoxicill ... | 1999 | 10202233 |
| trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens--findings of the alexander project 1992-1996. | the alexander project is an ongoing, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens with testing undertaken in a central laboratory. during the period 1992-1995, isolates were collected from geographically separate centers in countries of the eu and various states in the usa. in 1996, the project was extended to centers in mexico, brazil, saudi arabia, south africa, hong kong and other european countries not pr ... | 1999 | 10207769 |
| basing empiric treatment choices for respiratory tract infection on the results of the alexander project. | for respiratory tract infection (rti), antibiotics should have proven clinical efficacy against the major pathogens involved-streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. as the pattern of resistance to antimicrobials changes, the clinical effectiveness of these agents should be reviewed. however, clinical trials are time consuming and costly, and alternative ways of predicting clinical efficacy using susceptibility data have been investigated. pharmacodynamic break ... | 1999 | 10207774 |
| comparative in vitro evaluation of dirithromycin tested against recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae, including effects of medium supplements and test conditions on mic results. | the use of macrolides for treatment of respiratory complaints has been complicated by susceptibility test conditions that adversely effect the in vitro test results and perceived potencies of these compounds. dirithromycin was studied as to its in vitro activity compared to other macrolides as well as the effects that environmental incubation variations and inoculum concentrations may have on susceptibility results. dirithromycin was less active than other macrolides tested (azithromycin clarith ... | 1999 | 10212755 |
| identification of sequences in human transferrin that bind to the bacterial receptor protein, transferrin-binding protein b. | alignment of amino-acid sequences from the n-terminal and c-terminal halves of transferrin-binding protein b revealed an underlying bilobed nature with several regions of identity. based on this analysis, purified recombinant fusion proteins of maltose-binding protein (mbp) with intact tbpb, its n-terminal half or c-terminal half from the human pathogens neisseria meningitidis and moraxella catarrhalis were produced. solid-phase binding assays and affinity isolation assays demonstrated that the ... | 1999 | 10216864 |
| ferric enterobactin binding and utilization by neisseria gonorrhoeae. | feta, formerly designated frpb, an iron-regulated, 76-kda neisserial outer membrane protein, shows sequence homology to the tonb-dependent family of receptors that transport iron into gram-negative bacteria. although feta is commonly expressed by most neisserial strains and is a potential vaccine candidate for both neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis, its function in cell physiology was previously undefined. we now report that feta functions as an enterobactin receptor. n. gonorrhoe ... | 1999 | 10217784 |
| predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the aim of this prospective observational study was to determine those factors influencing bacterial colonization in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). eighty-eight outpatients with stable copd and 20 patients with normal spirometry and chest radiography (controls) had a fibreoptic bronchoscopy performed with topical aerosol anaesthesia. bacterial colonization was determined using the protected specimen brush (psb) with a cut-off > or = 10(3) colony-forming units ... | 1999 | 10065679 |
| immunoglobulin subclass distribution and diagnostic value of leishmania donovani antigen-specific immunoglobulin g3 in indian kala-azar patients. | visceral leishmaniasis, or kala-azar, a fatal tropical disease, remains problematic, as early diagnosis is difficult and treatment often results in drug resistance and relapse. we have developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using leishmanial membrane antigenic extracts (lag) to detect specific antibody responses in 25 untreated indian visceral leishmaniasis patients. to investigate the pathogenetic significance of isotype markers in kala-azar, relative levels of specifi ... | 1999 | 10066659 |
| [evaluation of mycobacterium kansasii isolates from a clinical laboratory in a city hospital]. | fifteen isolates of mycobacterium kansasii in showa university fujigaoka hospital between 1982 and 1995 were investigated. comparing by gender, 13 were isolated from male patients and only two were isolated from female patients. the average of cases was 48 years old and 14 out of 15 cases (93%) were isolated from respiratory tract specimens. the rate of the smear- and culture-positives was 64%, which was significantly higher than that (26%) of m. avium complex (p < 0.01 by chi 2 test). all 4 iso ... | 1999 | 10067052 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: clinical, microbiological and immunological features in lower respiratory tract infections. | 1999 | 10189833 | |
| evaluation of amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr using cppb nested pcr and 16s rrna pcr. | certain strains of neisseria subflava and neisseria cinerea are known to produce false-positive results with the amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr (roche diagnostic systems, branchburg, n.j.). the analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of three pcr tests were assessed with 3 geographically diverse n. gonorrhoeae strains and 30 non-n. gonorrhoeae neisseria spp. the sensitivities of the in-house nested cppb gene and the 16s rrna pcr methods were greater than that of the amplicor n. gon ... | 1999 | 9889224 |
| comparison of randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of moraxella catarrhalis strains. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for the analysis of 13 moraxella catarrhalis isolates, 11 successive strains isolated from sputa of five children and 2 isolates obtained the same day from twins, were compared. rapd and pfge both yielded nine types from the 13 isolates, showing a chronic colonization with one strain in three patients and a successive colonization with different strains in two patients. the promising results obtained with rapd ... | 1999 | 9889241 |
| binding and utilization of human transferrin by prevotella nigrescens. | to survive and multiply within their hosts, pathogens must possess efficient iron-scavenging mechanisms. in the present study, we investigate the capacity of prevotella nigrescens and prevotella intermedia to use various sources of iron for growth and characterize the transferrin-binding activity of p. nigrescens. iron-saturated human transferrin and lactoferrin, but not ferric chloride and the iron-free form of transferrin, could be used as sources of iron by p. nigrescens and p. intermedia. ne ... | 1999 | 9916061 |
| neisseria gonorrhoeae mutants altered in toxicity to human fallopian tubes and molecular characterization of the genetic locus involved. | in an effort to identify potential cytotoxins expressed by neisseria gonorrhoeae, we have identified a locus that, when mutated in the gonococcus, results in a significant increase in toxicity of the strain to human fallopian tube organ cultures (hftoc). this locus, gly1, contains two open reading frames (orfs) which are likely cotranscribed. orf1 encodes a polypeptide of 17.8 kda with a signal sequence that is recognized and processed in escherichia coli and n. gonorrhoeae. the 15.6-kda process ... | 1999 | 9916071 |
| use of an isogenic mutant constructed in moraxella catarrhalis to identify a protective epitope of outer membrane protein b1 defined by monoclonal antibody 11c6. | moraxella catarrhalis-induced otitis media continues to be a significant cause of infection in young children, prompting increased efforts at identifying effective vaccine antigens. we have previously demonstrated that m. catarrhalis expresses specific outer membrane proteins (omps) in response to iron limitation and that this organism can utilize transferrin and lactoferrin for in vitro growth. one of these proteins, which binds human transferrin, is omp b1. as the human host presents a natural ... | 1999 | 9916077 |
| escherichia coli atcc 35218 as a quality control isolate for susceptibility testing of haemophilus influenzae with haemophilus test medium. | current national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) susceptibility guidelines for quality control testing with haemophilus influenzae do not include a beta-lactamase-producing strain that could detect the deterioration of the beta-lactamase inhibitor components of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. the objective of the study was to determine if comparable quality control results for escherichia coli atcc 35218, a beta-lactamase-produc ... | 1999 | 9925519 |
| activities of newer fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates including those with mutations in the gyra, parc, and pare loci. | resistance to fluoroquinolone (fq) antibiotics in streptococcus pneumoniae has been attributed primarily to specific mutations in the genes for dna gyrase (gyra and gyrb) and topoisomerase iv (parc and pare). resistance to some fqs can result from a single mutation in one or more of the genes encoding these essential enzymes. a group of 160 clinical isolates of pneumococci was examined in this study, including 36 ofloxacin-resistant isolates (mics, > or = 8 micrograms/ml) recovered from patients ... | 1999 | 9925527 |
| haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997). | between february and june of 1997, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae (n = 1,077) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 503) from 27 u.s. and 7 canadian medical centers were characterized as part of the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. overall prevalences of beta-lactamase production were 33.5% in h. influenzae and 92.2% in m. catarrhalis with no differences noted between isolates recovered in the united states and those from canada. amon ... | 1999 | 9925540 |
| the relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance. | the threat to human health posed by antibiotic resistance is of growing concern. many commensal and pathogenic organisms have developed resistance to well established and newer antibiotics. the major selection pressure driving changes in the frequency of antibiotic resistance is the volume of drug use. however, establishing a quantitative relationship between the frequency of resistance and volume of drug use has proved difficult. using population genetic methods and epidemiological observations ... | 1999 | 9927709 |
| strategies for dealing with amoxicillin failure in acute otitis media. | acute otitis media is the most common bacterial infection in pediatric patients. the predominant pathogens of acute otitis media are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. traditionally, amoxicillin has been the first-line therapeutic choice for patients with uncomplicated acute otitis media. however, with the increasing isolation of beta-lactamase-producing organisms and penicillin-resistant s pneumoniae, the frequency of amoxicillin treatment failures also ... | 1999 | 9932075 |
| eradication by ceftriaxone of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with increased resistance to penicillin in cases of acute otitis media. | this multicenter, noncomparative, nonrandomized study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone for treating acute otitis media in children following clinical failure of oral antibiotic therapy. middle-ear fluid samples were collected on day 0 and on day 3, 4, or 5 (day 3 to 5) and were used to test whether ceftriaxone therapy can eradicate streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with increased resistance to penicillin (mic >/= 1 mg/liter). at the first visit, on day 0, middle-ear flui ... | 1999 | 9869558 |