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metabolism of narasin in chickens and japanese quail.thirty mature chicken hens and 60 mature japanese quail hens were used to compare pathways of narasin excretion. carbon-14-labeled narasin was injected into chickens (.7 microci) and quail (.113 microci) via cardiac puncture. blood, sampled at varying times thereafter, and eggs and excreta collected daily for 28 days, were analyzed for 14c. groups of six chickens and 12 quail were killed prior to [14c]narasin injection and on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 postinjection to obtain tissue samples for 14c a ...19912017406
hepatic 5'-deiodinase activity of japanese quail using reverse-t3 as substrate: assay validation, characterization, and developmental studies.using rt3 as substrate, an in vitro 5'd assay was validated for use with liver tissue from adult japanese quail, by defining conditions under which activity is proportional to enzyme (protein) concentration and is linear with incubation time. activity was measured as the release of 125i from labeled rt3. using validated assay conditions we found the following 5'd characteristics: maximal activity from 10 to 50 mm dithiothreitol (cofactor), an apparent km of 0.52 microm rt3, ph optimum of 7.6-8.5 ...19912022947
relative salience of species maternal calls in neonatal gallinaceous birds: a direct comparison of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and domestic chickens (gallus gallus domesticus).differential-approach tendencies of individual incubator-hatched chickens and japanese quail were assayed using one exemplar of each of the species maternal calls in a simultaneous-choice paradigm. within 24 hr after hatching, the birds received several short periods of exposure to rotating mounts of an adult female chicken and quail, which emitted the species-appropriate call. all birds were then tested with calls alone over the following 2 to 4 days. the test stimuli were played from speakers ...19912032455
effects of surgical deafening and exposure to continuous darkness on cloacal gland size in scotorefractory japanese quail.adult male quail were transferred to short days (sd) and exposed simultaneously to conspecific vocalizations of males on long days (cvmld). cloacal glands did not regress in some males while in others their glands regressed then spontaneously recrudesced. of the birds that exhibited cloacal gland regression, 80% recrudesced by 8 weeks and all birds recrudesced by 25 weeks on sd. three experiments are reported. the first experiment analyzed the effects of transfer to sd. the remaining two experim ...19912045093
effects of selection on plasma thyroxine concentrations in japanese quail under thiouracil and protein stress.three experiments were conducted to measure changes in plasma thyroxine (t4) concentrations occurring in male and female japanese quail in response to treatment with dietary thiouracil (tu) and different cp levels prior to sexual maturity and to determine the influence of selection for growth under tu and protein stress on this response. selected and unselected lines of quail were fed diets containing .2% tu or two levels of cp (20 or 28%) or both from 0 to 4 wk of age. body weight and plasma t4 ...19912047354
maturation-promoting factor and p34cdc2 kinase during oocyte maturation of the japanese quail.maturation-promoting factor and a homolog of fission yeast cdc2+ gene product (p34cdc2) were investigated during the final 24 hr of maturation of quail oocytes. kinase activity of p34cdc2 in the oocyte germinal disk (gd) increased 15 times at maturation. two bands, at 32 and 34 kda, were detected in immature oocytes by immunoblotting of sds-page with anti-p34cdc2 monoclonal antibody. a new band, which is close to the 32-kda band but with a slightly faster mobility, appeared during maturation. no ...19912060707
effects of castration and testosterone treatment on the development and involution of the bursa of fabricius and the thymus in the japanese quail.we investigated the effects of castration on the development of lymphoid organs (bursa of fabricius, thymus, and spleen) in the japanese quail during 4-8 weeks of age under a long photoperiod (16l:8d) and the effect of testosterone implantation on the involution of the lymphoid organs under long (16l:8d) and short (8l:16d) photoperiods. under 16l:8d, the bursa of fabricius and thymus in intact quail grew rapidly and reached a peak at 6 weeks of age and regressed thereafter. in contrast, developm ...19911808023
variability of c-banding patterns in japanese quail chromosomes.observations were made of the c-banding patterns in several cells from 182 japanese quail embryos to detect presence of stable variants. each of the eight largest autosomes contains a c-band at the centromeric region. the short arm of autosome 8 is c-band positive, as is the entire w chromosome. the z chromosome consistently contains an interstitial c-band in the long arm and a less prominent one in the short arm. distinct variants of chromosome 4 and the z chromosome were observed. in the z chr ...19911778471
testosterone effects on staining density and autoradiographic investigations of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor in the medial preoptic nucleus of the japanese quail: relationship to the activation of reproductive behavior.the effects of gonadectomy combined or not with testosterone (t) therapy on the sexual behavior, cloacal gland area, staining density and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the medial preoptic nucleus (pom) were studied in male and female japanese quail. in castrated males, t increased the cloacal gland size and activated copulatory behavior. in agreement with previous reports, these effects were sexually differentiated: under the influence of t, cloacal gland growth was smaller and this treatment ...19911725736
body, abdominal fat, and testes weights, and line by sex interactions in japanese quail divergently selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin.line by sex interactions of bw, abdominal fat, testes weight, and plasma cholesterol were investigated in two japanese quail lines. high (h-pchol) and low (l-pchol) quail lines had been developed by 18 generations of divergent selection for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth). quail were from generation 28 breeders maintained under a normal environment with no exposure to exogenous acth after generation 18. quail from growth-selected lines were also used to examine relation ...19911664517
research note: lack of an effect of high levels of menadione on tumor development in japanese quail females.the objective of the experiment was to study the influence of a high but nontoxic dietary level of menadione (vitamin k3) on the incidence of leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in the oviduct of females from various lines of japanese quail. analyzed values of vitamin k3 per 1,000 kg of feed were 7.37 g in the control diet, and 149.6, 1,722, and 3,722 g for the experimental diets from 0 to 4, 5 to 8, and after 8 wk of age, respectively. females were killed after they had been in production for 158 da ...19911754553
effects of antiestrogenic compounds on avian medullary bone formation.administration of estradiol to male japanese quail induced the formation of medullary bone in the marrow cavities of the bird's femora and tibiae. this was accompanied by increased serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity. we examined the effects of two structurally distinct "antiestrogens" on the estrogen-induced formation of medullary bone in this quail model. trioxifene (ly133314) and tamoxifen are members of a group of compounds commonly referred to as antiestro ...19911805547
retinally perceived light can entrain the pineal melatonin rhythm in japanese quail.the avian pineal organ contains a circadian oscillator that can drive a daily rhythm of melatonin synthesis. in some avian species the pineal organ may act, via the cyclic release of melatonin, as a pacemaker within a multioscillator circadian system. the routes by which light entrains the pineal melatonin rhythm were investigated in the japanese quail. a 'patching' protocol was used to expose directly either the eyes or the pineal to a light-dark cycle while the rest of the bird was exposed to ...19911786552
effects of in ovo estradiol benzoate treatments on sexual behavior and size of neurons in the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of japanese quail.in male japanese quail, the injection of estradiol benzoate (eb) in the egg causes a complete loss of the testosterone (t)-induced copulatory behavior (behavioral demasculinization). this treatment is only effective if performed before day 12 of incubation. this suggests that embryonic estrogens affect in a permanent way brain structures controlling sexual behavior. the medial preoptic nucleus (pom) is the only sexually dimorphic brain nucleus identified in quail and it is a key center for the a ...19911756391
genetic polymorphism of erythrocyte histone h1 in japanese quail.histone h1 from erythrocytes of japanese quail was resolved in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel into five fractions differing in apparent molecular weights. a polymorphism of histone h1.1, h1.2, and h1.3 bands was detected among quail individuals. while some birds possessed either a high (phenotype .3+) or a low (phenotype .3+/.3-) level of h1.3, at least half of the quail population lacked this h1 band (phenotype .3-). appropriate genetic crosses demonstrated that h1.3 behaved ...19911772400
refined x-ray crystal structures of the reactive site modified ovomucoid inhibitor third domains from silver pheasant (omsvp3*) and from japanese quail (omjpq3*).tetragonal and triclinic crystals of two ovomucoid inhibitor third domains from silver pheasant and japanese quail, modified at their reactive site bonds met18-glu19 (omsvp3*) and lys18-asp19 (omjpq3*), respectively, were obtained. their molecular and crystal structures were solved using x-ray data to 2.5 a and 1.55 a by means of patterson search methods using truncated models of the intact (virgin) inhibitors as search models. both structures were crystallographically refined to r-values of 0.1 ...19911870129
genetic and phenotypic relationships in japanese quail. 1. body weight, carcass, and organ measurements.live bw, carcass data, and organ data taken at 34 days of age on approximately 1,000 quail of both sexes from 110 sires and 290 dams were utilized to estimate genetic parameters from the initial generation of a selection study. the birds represented a sample of a line selected for high 4-wk bw. data were analyzed using henderson's method 3 (mm3) and restricted maximum likelihood (reml) with and without a relationship matrix. the paternal half-sib heritabilities for body, carcass, and organ weigh ...19911924086
estrogen target cells during the early stage of medullary bone osteogenesis: immunohistochemical detection of estrogen receptors in osteogenic cells of estrogen-treated male japanese quail.the localization of estrogen receptors (er) in osteogenic cells during the early stage of medullary bone osteogenesis was studied immunohistochemically in the femurs of estrogen-treated male japanese quail. alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity was used as a marker for osteogenic cells. er immunostaining was observed in the nuclei of weak alp-positive bone lining cells on the endosteal bone surface of nontreated birds. after 24 hours of estrogen treatment, nuclear immunostaining was detected in al ...19911913292
effects of selection for growth and selection diet on eggshell quality and embryonic development in japanese quail.decreased hatchability in japanese quail following selection for growth and relative improvements in hatchability following selection during goitrogen treatment were investigated. an unselected quail line (line c) and lines selected for high 4-wk body weight while being fed diets containing either 20% cp and .2% thiouracil (tu) (line t), or 28% cp and no tu (lines p and h-cd) were used. egg weight loss between 0 and 4, and 0 and 14 days of incubation, hatchability, and developmental stage of emb ...19911886856
plasma melatonin levels in japanese quail exposed to dim light are determined by subjective interpretation of day and night, not light intensity.plasma melatonin levels were measured in male japanese quail exposed to lighting schedules consisting of combinations of bright light (2000 or 1500 lx), darkness, or dim light (2 lx) or to constant dim light. melatonin levels in dim light were dependent upon the relative intensity of accompanying phases, being significantly higher when dim light was subjective night than when it was subjective day. there was no significant melatonin rhythm in constant dim light, even on the first day of constant ...19911879654
divergent selection for growth in japanese quail under split and complete nutritional environments. 5. feed intake and efficiency patterns following nineteen generations of selection.high (h) and low (l) quail lines divergently selected for 4-wk bw under complete-diet (cd) and split-diet (sd) environments were evaluated to examine changes in feed intake and feed efficiency before and after the age at selection. progeny from the four quail lines (h-sd, l-sd, h-cd, l-cd) were fed the cd in generation 17 and the sd in generation 19. the bw of h-line quail were highest under their respective selection environments, and the bw of quail in the l lines were highest under reciprocal ...19911852682
[ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of experimental atherosclerosis in japanese quails].a marked plaque was produced at the tunica intima of the ascending aorta in all of the japanese quails of 9 weeks old which fed on atherogenic diet containing 2% cholesterol for 8 weeks, while no structural changes of aortic wall were observed in japanese quails which fed on normal basic food for the same period. the media of aorta in normal quails consist of smooth muscle cells, myofibroblast-like cells (mf) cells), and many successive elastic membranes. at the atherosclerotic lesion, many mf c ...19912044665
nocturnal hypothermia in fasting japanese quail: the effect of ambient temperature.japanese quail were equipped with intraperitoneal transmitters for telemetric measurement of body temperature (tb) and activity. food deprivation at + 24 degrees c for four days induced a well-defined nocturnal hypothermic response. the normal day-night difference (about 1 degrees c) in tb increased 1 degrees c per day, reaching 5 degrees c on the fourth night of fast. nocturnal motor activity decreased during the fast, while daytime activity first increased and then returned to the original lev ...19912062935
divergent selection for growth in japanese quail under split and complete nutritional environments. 4. genetic and correlated responses from generations 12 to 20.divergent selection during generations 12 to 20 for high (h) and low (l) 4-wk bw under split-(sd) and complete-(cd) diet environments resulted in continued progress in both upward and downward directions. following 20 generations of selection, there were 4.8- and 3.6-fold differences between bw of h and l lines in the sd and cd environments, respectively. regression coefficients of mean 4-wk bw on generation of 1.88 and 1.58 g in the h lines and -1.50 and -1.37 g in the l lines indicated symmetr ...19912047338
neuroanatomical specificity in the co-localization of aromatase and estrogen receptors.the relative distributions of aromatase and of estrogen receptors were studied in the brain of the japanese quail by a double-label immunocytochemical technique. aromatase immunoreactive cells (aro-ir) were found in the medial preoptic nucleus, in the septal region, and in a large cell cluster extending from the dorso-lateral aspect of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus to the tuber at the level of the nucleus inferioris hypothalami. immunoreactive estrogen receptors (er) were also fou ...19912030339
perpetuation of muscle fibers after removal of stretch in the japanese quail.stretch-overload has been shown to increase muscle mass in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) of the adult quail by increasing both fiber size and number, but it is not known whether the new muscle fibers or fiber size is maintained after removal of the stretch stimulus. a weight was added to the right wing of 40 adult quail while the left wing in each bird served as an intra-animal control. the weight was removed after 30 days of stretch, and terminal experiments were conducted 0, 30, 60, or 9 ...19912003569
plasma and yolk cholesterol levels in japanese quail divergently selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin.studies were conducted to determine the effect of divergent selection for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth) on the levels and relationships between plasma and yolk cholesterol in japanese quail. cholesterol data were obtained in generation 25, following seven generations of relaxed selection, from birds maintained under a normal environment with no exposure to exogenous acth. levels of plasma and yolk cholesterol were determined at 22 and 28 wk. plasma cholesterol levels ...19911646444
embryonic development of japanese quail under microgravity conditions. 19912047468
the effect of the different gravity on the muscle composition in japanese quail. 19912047410
an endocrine response to short-term hypodynamy in japanese quail selected for resistance to hypodynamy. 19912047409
structural and biochemical effects in lungs of japanese quail following a 1-week exposure to ozone.the effect of ozone inhalation on birds was investigated. japanese quail were exposed continuously to 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/m3 ozone (0, 0.15, 0.50, and 1.50 ppm, respectively) for 7 days. pulmonary effects were determined by light and electron microscopy as well as by biochemistry. focal areas of hemorrhages were noticed in the birds exposed to 1.0 mg/m3 ozone. additional effects after exposure to 1 mg/m3 included loss of cilia in trachea and bronchi, an inflammatory response, and necrosis of ...19912004636
effects of testosterone on a selected neuronal population within the preoptic sexually dimorphic nucleus of the japanese quail.the effects of testosterone on the volume and cytoarchitecture of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (pom) were investigated in male and female japanese quail. it was confirmed that castration decreases the pom volume in males and that, in gonadectomized birds of both sexes, testosterone increases this volume to values similar to those observed in intact sexually mature males. this suggests that the sex difference in pom volume results from a differential activation by t so that ...19912007660
structural and immunohistochemical aspects of the postovulatory follicle in japanese quail.in the present study, we searched for the presence of granulosa lipid spheres, of lacunae, and of the smooth-muscle markers desmin and alpha-smooth-muscle actin, in the wall of the pof1 of the quail ovary. lacunae, using the labelled yolk technique, were visible as large cavities in the pof1 wall. the immunohistochemical localization of desmin was similar to that observed in preovulatory follicles. a similar distribution was observed using an anti-alpha-smooth-muscle actin antiserum, but the cel ...19911996782
testosterone metabolism in the avian hypothalamus.many central actions of testosterone (t) require the transformation of t into several metabolites including 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-dht) and estradiol (e2). in birds as in mammals, 5 alpha-dht and e2, alone or in combination, mimic most behavioral effects of t. the avian brain is, in addition, able to transform t into 5 beta-dht, a metabolite which seems to be devoid of any behavioral or physiological effects, at least in the context of reproduction. by in vitro product-formation as ...19911958558
immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of estrogen receptors in osteogenic cells of japanese quail.the localization of estrogen receptors (ers) in osteogenic cells was immunoelectron microscopically examined in the femurs of female and estrogen-treated male japanese quail. an electron dense reaction product showing er localization was observed in the nuclei of osteoblasts and immature osteocytes in the medullary bone of the female quail. however, reaction product was not seen in the osteoclasts. on the endosteal bone surface of male quail, nuclear reaction product was detected in bone lining ...19911938479
genetic factors accountable for line-specific dna fingerprint bands in quail.dna fingerprints, prepared from mixes of dna of individuals sampled from lines of japanese quail selected for high or low 4-week body weight, were used to evaluate the relative contribution of several evolutionary forces to genetic diversity among populations. comparisons between lines--two replicates of each selection direction and a control unselected line--were used to determine the frequency of line-specific dna fingerprint bands produced by each of three major evolutionary forces: 1) mutati ...19911831158
changes in organ growth pattern associated with long-term selection for high growth rate in quail.data are presented on the pattern of organ growth in embryos from a line of japanese quail selected for high growth rate and compared with those from a non-selected control line. the data reveal that the increased growth rate post hatching is accompanied by a more rapid early development of the digestive organs. it appears from these results that the "genes for" growth rate are the "genes for" early growth of the digestive organs.19911813440
hereditary hypotrophic axonopathy with neurofilament deficiency in a mutant strain of the japanese quail.a primary axonal disease affecting the central and peripheral nervous system was discovered in a new mutant strain of the japanese quail, named quiver (quv). quv showed significantly smaller cross-sectional areas of the cervical spinal cord and the optic and sciatic nerves, when compared with controls by light microscopic morphometry. in the cervical spinal cord, electron microscopic morphometry indicated that myelinated axons in quv were significantly smaller in size than in controls, though gr ...19911785256
influence of hypergravity on the ph profile and proteolytic activity of the avian gastrointestinal tract.the present study deals with the effect of hypergravity (2xg) on the ph and on the proteolytic activity in the digesta of the gastrointestinal tract of japanese quails during intense growth. the birds were raised on a semisynthetic diet containing free amino acids (a) and a commercial diet (b). during days 35 till 40 post-hatching the quails were exposed to hypergravity (2xg) using a specially designed centrifuge. on days 40 (experimental group, 2xg) and 41 (control group, 1xg) the animals were ...19911751480
a sex-dependent influence of testosterone on the dorso-medial neuronal population of the japanese quail intercollicular nucleus.the nucleus intercollicularis in quail is implicated in the control of a number of vocalizations. it is also a target structure for steroids and includes high numbers of cells containing androgen and estrogen receptors. we recently demonstrated that in another steroid target, the medial preoptic nucleus, the effects of testosterone are paralleled by significant changes in the neuronal size. a morphometrical analysis of the nucleus intercollicularis was therefore undertaken in male and female jap ...19911666401
gonadal regulation of gabaa receptors in the different brain areas of the male japanese quail.quantitative autoradiography was used to investigate the distribution and effects of gonadal hormones on [3h] muscimol (specific gabaa receptor ligand) binding in the male japanese quail brain. in gonadally intact japanese quail brains, [3h] muscimol revealed a heterogeneous distribution with high gabaa receptor levels in the cerebellum pars granularis (656 fmol/mg wet weight of tissue) and in the pars molecularis (405 fmol/mg wet weight of tissue). low receptor levels were found in the nucleus ...19911664340
interactions of plant zinc and plant species on the bioavailability of plant cadmium to japanese quail fed lettuce and spinach.many cadmium-contaminated environments contain high levels of zinc. the effects of plant zn and plant species on plant cd bioavailability were tested in japanese quail fed lettuce and spinach. four groups of birds received 10% of their diets as lettuce or spinach leaves intrinsically labeled with 109cd and containing low or high intrinsic zn. two other groups were fed control diets containing 109cd as cdso4 and low or high zn as znco3. cadmium concentrations in diets ranged from 0.857 to 1.05 mi ...19921740097
influence of cadmium on polychlorobiphenyl uptake, mfo activity, and serum lipid levels in japanese quail.the effect of cadmium on the metabolism of polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs) (aroclor 1260) was investigated in quails fed diets containing 100 ppm cd, 100 ppm pcbs (aroclor 1260) and 100 ppm cd + 100 ppm pcbs for a period of 45 days. the presence of cd in the diet did not interfere with mfo activity (erod and alde) and cytochrome p-450 enzymes. quails fed simultaneously with cd and pcbs, accumulated pcbs in muscle five times greater than quails fed pcbs only. quails fed with cd-containing diet showed ...19921536603
research note: antioxidant activity of japanese quail liver cytosol in the absence and presence of reduced glutathione.the antioxidant activity of japanese quail liver cytosol was assessed in the presence of .1, 1.0, or 10.0 mm reduced glutathione (gsh) using an in vitro assay system that utilized quail liver microsomes as the lipid substrate. the formation of malonaldehyde (ma), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, was reduced (p less than .01) by 1.0 and 10.0 mm gsh, even in the absence of cytosolic protein. cytosolic protein at a level of 1 mg/ml of assay medium did not further reduce ma formation at any of th ...19921608887
photoperiodic induction in vitro: the dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from hypothalamic explants of the japanese quail.the japanese quail is a photoperiodic animal that under certain experimental conditions can respond to a single long day with a wave of lh secretion. such a system offers an opportunity to analyze the photoneuroendocrine changes as they occur in real time, especially as all of the neural machinery (photoreceptor, clock, and gnrh system) is believed to lie within the hypothalamus. the first detectable rise in lh occurs at about hour 23 of the long day, and this single inductive event leads to pro ...19921446626
subchronic toxicity and reproduction effects of tri-n-butyltin oxide in japanese quail.a subchronic toxicity/reproduction study was performed in japanese quails that were fed a diet containing 0, 24, 60, and 150 mg tri-n-butyltin oxide (tbto) per kg basal diet for 6 weeks. eggs produced during the 6 weeks of treatment were incubated and hatched, and chicks hatched from eggs collected in weeks 5 and 6 of exposure were reared for 2 weeks. in parent quail, neither diminished food consumption nor any overt toxic or histopathologic signs were observed following exposure to tbto. a stat ...19921444589
a histochemical study of acid phosphatases in medullary bone matrix and osteoclasts in laying japanese quail.acid phosphatase activity in medullary bone matrix and osteoclasts of laying japanese quail was examined histochemically. to avoid nonspecific staining, the reactivity of the enzyme was evaluated using both the azo dye method and the lead salt method and nonembedded thick sections and resin-embedded thin sections. the ph of the incubation medium was also varied from the acid range (ph 5.0 and 6.5) to the alkaline range (ph 8.5). medullary bone osteoclasts contain both tartrate-resistant acid pho ...19921281604
proliferative responses of quail aortic smooth muscle cells to benzo[a]pyrene: implications in pah-induced atherogenesis.repeated exposure of avian and rodent species to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) has been associated with the development of aortic lesions of atherosclerotic etiology. because the occurrence of these lesions may involve alterations in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (smc) growth, the present studies were conducted to evaluate the proliferative responses of quail aortic smcs to bap treatment in vivo and in vitro. measurements of [3h]thymidine incorporation and cell growth were conducted in cultured ao ...19921519246
research note: eggshell quality in japanese quail fed different fatty acids.the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of diets containing 3% palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) on the shell quality of eggs of japanese quail. each diet was fed to 10 hens maintained individually in wire quail laying cages. there was no difference (p greater than .05) in feed consumption between hens fed diets oa and la, but hens of both groups consumed less (p less than .05) feed than those fed diet pa. egg weight, shell weight, an ...19921409241
fear and distress in japanese quail chicks of two lines genetically selected for low or high adrenocortical response to immobilization stress.behavioral and adrenocortical reactivity to stressful stimulation was examined in 12- and 13-day-old chicks of two lines of japanese quail selected over several generations for exaggerated (hs: high stress) or reduced (ls: low stress) plasma corticosterone (b) response to brief immobilization stress. plasma b concentrations and tonic immobility (ti) fear reactions were measured in unstressed (control) and stressed (overnight cooping) chicks of both lines. the stress treatment was applied over a ...19921398557
increased responding to female stimuli as a result of sexual experience: tests of mechanisms of learning.sexual experience increases the response of males to stimuli provided by female conspecifics in a variety of species. the mechanisms of learning involved in this type of phenomenon were explored in two experiments with japanese quail. the results indicated that instrumental conditioning with copulatory opportunity is not necessary for the acquisition of responding to female cues, and responding is not facilitated by learning about the location of the female. however, the response of males to fem ...19921455010
smooth muscle cells in the walls of ovarian follicles in the japanese quail.the walls of pre-ovulatory follicles of the japanese quail were examined at the ultrastructural level for the presence of cells displaying the typical morphological features of smooth muscle cells. these characteristics were found in the cells of the chordae, the tunica albuginea, and the theca externa. small, elongated cells, containing microfilaments, were observed in the theca of prelampbrush follicles localized in the ovarian cortex. these thecal cells were considered as the putative precurs ...19921423484
behavioral demasculinization of female quail is induced by estrogens: studies with the new aromatase inhibitor, r76713.the injection before day 12 of incubation of estradiol benzoate (eb) into japanese quail eggs produces a complete behavioral demasculinization of adult males that will hatch from these eggs. these males never show copulatory behavior even after administration of high levels of exogenous testosterone (t). it is usually assumed that such a demasculinization normally takes place in female embryos under the influence of endogenous estrogens but few experimental data are available to confirm the vali ...19921612564
effect of dietary aflatoxin b1 on the growth response and haematologic changes of young japanese quail.feeding of aflatoxin b1 at the rate of 0.5 ppm to young japanese quail resulted in significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in body weight gain that became apparent on the third week. there was no significant difference in the mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte counts of quail chicks given aflatoxin b1 in feed in comparison to those fed on a similar diet without aflatoxin. however, the total leucocyte count revealed an increase on the third week which was due to ...19921528228
the influence of dietary protein on carcass composition and sexual maturity in a randombred population of japanese quail (r1) and a subline of r1 selected for increased body weight.1. selection for body weight in japanese quail has altered the protein requirements for growth and reproductive development in the selected line and randombred control population from which it was developed. 2. in both the selected and randombred lines, the protein requirement for growth is different from that for maximal reproductive development.19921354586
distribution of benzodiazepine binding sites in the brain of the male japanese quail and its correlation to a hormonal control: quantitative autoradiography study.quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to study the neuroanatomical distribution and effects of gonadal hormones on [3h] flunitrazepam binding in the male japanese quail brain. in gonadally intact quail brains, [3h] flunitrazepam displayed a heterogeneous distribution, with elevated levels in the posterior brain regions such as the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale and stratum griseum centrale of the optic tectum. lower values were observed in the anteriorly located brain sites su ...19921319005
phylogeny of regulatory regions of vertebrate tyrosinase genes.highly homologous dna elements were found to be shared by the upstream regions of the mouse tyrosinase and tyrosinase related protein (trp-1) genes. several nuclear proteins were shown to bind to both of these upstream regions. shared homologous dna elements were also found in the 5' flanking sequences of japanese quail and snapping turtle tyrosinase genes. shared homologous nucleotide sequences were found to be scattered like an archipelago in the 5' upstream regions of mouse and human tyrosina ...19921292011
[the effect of culture media on bacteriocin production in various strains of bacteria].some staphylococcus and enterococcus strains were used to investigate the effect of culture medium on bacteriocin production. staphylococcus cohnii sc7, staphylococcus sp. ztj 151, s. saprophyticus ss 877, enterococcus faecium ef1 and e. faecalis efg2 were isolated from the rumen wall and contents of lambs, calves and fallow deer, enterococcus gallinarum eg10 and e. avium ea12 were isolated from the caecum of japanese quail. the tested bacteria belong to producers with a wide antimicrobial effec ...19921297243
osteoclasts from medullary bone of egg-laying japanese quail do not express the putative calcium 'receptor'.the present study reports the contrasting effects of extracellular calcium ([ca2+]e) elevation on cytosolic free calcium levels ([ca2+]i) of osteoclasts, freshly isolated either from medullary bone of the egg-laying japanese quail or from rat cortical bone. [ca2+]i was measured in single osteoclasts using the ca(2+)-sensitive fluorochrome, indo-1. we found that elevation of [ca2+]e failed to induce a rise of [ca2+]i in quail osteoclasts, whilst causing an elevation of [ca2+]i in rat osteoclasts. ...19921321642
outbreaks of egg drop syndrome due to eds-76 virus in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).two outbreaks of the egg drop syndrome were observed in quail flocks maintained on a farm together with chickens. the decrease in egg production ranged from 10.6 per cent to 50.6 per cent, and the number of soft-shelled eggs increased with the decline in egg production. in both the outbreaks haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to eds-76 virus were detected. fluorescent viral antigen specific to eds-76 virus was also detected in the lining epithelial and glandular cells of the uterus.19921329304
host range of rous sarcoma virus pseudotype rsv(hprs-103) in 12 avian species: support for a new avian retrovirus envelope subgroup, designated j.the host ranges of the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) pseudotype rsv(hprs-103) of a novel avian leukosis virus (alv), strain hprs-103, and representative rsv pseudotypes of subgroups a to f, have been determined in embryo fibroblasts from 12 avian species. domestic fowl, red jungle fowl, sonnerat's jungle fowl and turkey were susceptible to infection by rsv(hprs-103); ring-necked pheasant, japanese green pheasant, golden pheasant, japanese quail, guinea-fowl, peking duck, muscovy duck and goose were r ...19921331300
regulation of aromatase cytochrome p-450 (estrogen synthetase) transcripts in the quail brain by testosterone.the aromatase cytochrome p-450 (p-450arom) cdna, which was identified by homologies in the dna and in the deduced amino acid sequences with human p-450arom cdna, was isolated from a brain cdna library of japanese quail, demonstrating the presence of rna transcripts of p-450arom in the quail brain. to determine trace amounts of p-450arom mrna in the brain and to examine the effects of testosterone on its expression, a quantitative pcr method of rna transcripts was developed. brain total rna was s ...19921331667
a method to obtain avian germ-line chimaeras using isolated primordial germ cells.primordial germ cells (pgcs), collected from the blood of 2-day-old chick embryos, were concentrated by ficoll density centrifugation. the blood contained 0.048% pgcs and the concentrated fraction contained 3.9% pgcs in blood cells. the pgcs were picked up with a fine glass pipette, and one hundred were then injected into the terminal sinuses of 2-day-old japanese quail embryos (24 somites); bubbles were then inserted to prevent haemorrhage. the embryos were further incubated at 38 degrees c for ...19921339832
effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on monoamine levels in the japanese quail: sex differences and testosterone effects.experiments were performed to obtain more information on the regulation by steroids of catecholaminergic systems in the brain of japanese quail. dose-response and time-response experiments were first performed to determine optimal conditions for measuring turnover in the quail brain. the norepinephrine and dopamine turnover were then estimated in microdissected brain nuclei of birds that were either sexually mature or gonadectomized or gonadectomized and treated with testosterone. two major fact ...19921350749
characterization of a paired box- and homeobox-containing quail gene (pax-qnr) expressed in the neuroretina.the retina is an integral part of the central nervous system, and consists of two layers, the outer pigmented layer and the inner sensory layer or neuroretina (nr). the nr layer contains several strata of cells (glial and neuronal) derived from proliferating neuroectodermal precursors that differentiate after terminal mitosis. in vitro, nr cells can differentiate not only into neuronal and glial types, but also into pigment and lens cells. quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) nr cells (qnr) infect ...19921354346
comparative effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, aroclor 1242, on porphyrin and xenobiotic metabolism in kidney of japanese quail and rat.1. aroclor 1242 (500 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a marked increase in porphyrin content of quail kidney (1800-fold), and of rat kidney but to a lesser extent (6-fold). 2. delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity was increased 12-fold in quail kidney but was unchanged in rat kidney following aroclor 1242 treatment. 3. uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity was significantly inhibited in quail kidney but not in rat kidney. 4. renal ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activity was induced in rat and quail ...19921360369
induction of ovarian growth and ovulation by administration of a chicken gonadotrophin preparation to japanese quail kept under a short-day regimen.1. chronic administration of a glycoprotein fraction from chicken pituitary using an alzet osmotic pump at 12.5 micrograms/h for 2 weeks induced growth of ovarian follicles to a mature size in the ovary and deposition of yolk in sexually immature 6-week-old japanese quail females which were kept under 8l:16d short-day conditions. however, no ovulation was induced in these birds. 2. injection of 500 micrograms of the glycoprotein into other immature short-day females was performed following the a ...19921393679
[histology, immunocytology, histochemistry and muscle fiber innervation of the pectoralis major and supracoracoideus muscles of excalfactoria chinensis chinensis (l.)].the morphology of the pectoralis major muscle and its antagonist, the supracoracoideus muscle, of the chinese quail was studied in comparison with the japanese quail, in relation to behavioral characteristics. the actomyosin atpase reaction after alkaline and acid preincubation reveals two fibre types. the indirect immunofluorescence, using specific antibodies against 'slow' (twitch) myosin from the human vastus lateralis muscle, provokes a weak reaction. all fibres observed show focal, monoaxon ...19921414211
expression of japanese quail ovalbumin in saccharomyces cerevisiae.a cdna sequence coding for japanese quail ovalbumin was used for the construction of expression plasmid under the adh1 promoter of the yeast shuttle vector pvt101-u. the resulting recombinant expression vector pjk2 was used for the transformation of saccharomyces cerevisiae. expression of quail ovalbumin in yeast cells was demonstrated by western blotting followed by immunochemical detection.19921452097
influence of different photoperiods on development of gonad, cloacal gland and circulating thyroid hormones in male japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.one day old chicks of japanese quail were exposed to different photoperiods (ld, 8:16, 13.5:10.5, 16:8 and ll) and observations (testes weight, cloacal gland size, body weight and circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine) were taken at the age of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 16 weeks. results indicate that immediate reproductive development occurred in birds exposed to long photoperiods (greater than 12 hr). growth under ld 8:16, was not apparent till 7th week and by 16 weeks, degree of gonadal development ...19921459646
cultivation of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica).complete development of eimeria tenella in japanese quail embryos was observed. sporozoites were inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 7-day-old japanese quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica), after which the infected embryos were incubated at 41 c. in the chorioallantoic membrane mature first generation schizonts, mature second generation schizonts, and gametes were detected at 48 hr postinoculation of sporozoites (pi), 84 hr pi, and 126 hr pi, respectively. mature gametes and zygotes we ...19921491294
[thr arteries of the male sex organs of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and their development after hatching].a total of 83 male japanese quails of the following age groups were used for this study: 11, 18, 25, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 days, and 7, 9, 17 weeks after hatching. neoprene-latex, tensol-cement, and the china ink were injected via the aortic arch. in most of male japanese quails, the testes are supplied by the a. testicularis originated from the aorta descendens through a common trunk with the a. renalis cranialis. but in only 3 quails had this artery originated directly from the aorta descende ...19921497141
insects feeding on desert bighorn sheep, domestic rabbits, and japanese quail in the santa rosa mountains of southern california.desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis cremnobates), a domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), and japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were used as bait animals to collect blood-feeding flies in an area of active blue-tongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus transmission. precipitin tests were used to confirm the blood source where feasible. eight species of culicoides, members of the leptoconops kerteszi group, simulium spp., anopheles franciscanus, and stomoxys calcitrans were collected f ...19921512887
characterisation of newcastle disease viruses isolated in india.eleven newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolates obtained from outbreaks of disease in chickens (9) and japanese quail (2) in tamil nadu, india were characterised in pathogenicity tests, antigenically, using mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and other established tests devised to distinguish between different strains. all 11 isolates were shown to be highly virulent for chickens. in indirect immunoperoxidase tests used to assess the ability of a panel of 28 mabs to bind to infected cell cultures, ...19921519416
immunocytochemical and scanning electron microscopic studies of atherosclerosis in japanese quail.the major cellular components of atherosclerotic lesions in several species have been shown to be smooth muscle cells (smc) and macrophages. many studies suggest the composition of a lesion varies depending on the stage of lesion development. for example, macrophages are believed to be involved in the initial events of fatty streak formation in many animals. this communication presents the first cellular study of quail atherosclerosis and demonstrates the alteration of cellular structure during ...19921539014
the superior cervical ganglia are not necessary for entrainment or persistence of the pineal melatonin rhythm in japanese quail.the avian pineal exhibits a daily rhythm in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone, melatonin, which is involved in maintaining temporal order within the circadian system of some species. the pineal is richly innervated by sympathetic nerves which originate in the superior cervical ganglia (scg) and, in the chicken, these nerves play a role in generating the melatonin rhythm. in the japanese quail, the pineal melatonin rhythm can be entrained by light perceived directly by the pineal or by l ...19921540830
changes in luteinizing hormone receptors in the granulosa and theca layers of the ovarian follicle during follicular maturation in the japanese quail.attempts were made to reveal changes in number and affinity of lh receptors in the avian ovary during the course of the final maturation of follicles. first, we characterized the hormone binding properties of lh receptors in ovarian follicles of the japanese quail by incubating a crude plasma membrane preparation of follicle layer with radioiodinated chicken lh prepared by a recently devised method. specific lh receptors with common binding properties were detected in both granulosa and theca la ...19921563613
renewal and proliferation of spermatogonia during spermatogenesis in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.four different types of spermatogonia were identified in the seminiferous tubules of the japanese quail: a dark type a (ad), 2 pale a types (ap1 and ap2), and a type b. a model is proposed describing the process of spermatogonial development in the quail. the ad spermatogonia are considered to be the stem cells. each divides to produce a new ad spermatogonium and a ap1 spermatogonium during stage ix of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. an ap1 spermatogonium produces two ap2 spermatogonia ...19921571970
annual changes in levels of plasma lh and size of cloacal protrusion in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) housed in outdoor cages under natural conditions.japanese quail of the strain used in our laboratory do not show a complete decrease in levels of circulating luteinizing hormone (lh) concentrations and show no collapse of the testes following their transfer from long to short days under laboratory conditions. thus, merely manipulating photoperiods in the laboratory does not simulate an annual breeding cycle. to see whether an annual breeding cycle does exist in "our" quail under natural conditions, mature male birds were housed in individual c ...19921577244
termination of lh secretion in japanese quail due to high- and low-temperature cycles and short daily photoperiods.mature male japanese quail were transferred from 16l:8d (19 degrees) to one of the following combinations of daily light-dark and temperature cycles, 8l:16d (12 hr, 19 degrees:12 hr, 9 degrees), 12l:12d (12 hr, 19 degrees:12 hr, 9 degrees) and 12l:12d (16 hr, 19 degrees:8 hr, 9 degrees). the low temperature is for the middle of the dark period in each treatment. in the control groups, birds were transferred to the same photoperiodic conditions as the experimental groups, but without changes in a ...19921577245
immunocytochemical localization of androgen receptors in the male songbird and quail brain.the distribution of androgen receptors was studied in the brain of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica), the zebra finch (taeniopygia guttata), and the canary (serinus canaria) by immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal antibody (ar32) raised in rabbit against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence located at the n-terminus of the androgen receptor molecule. in quail, androgen receptor-immunoreactive cells were observed in the nucleus intercollicularis and in various nuclei of the preop ...19921578004
studies on avian spinal cord chimeras. i. neurological and histological manifestations.spinal cord chimeras were produced by replacing a small fragment of neural tube of a 2-day-old white leghorn chicken embryo with a similar fragment from a japanese quail embryo. the embryo mortality was 61%, and 72% of hatched birds were 'cripples' and had to be sacrificed within 5 days after hatching. forty-nine chimeras, 10.9% of the total number of operated embryos, were alive for more than 3 weeks. for at least 17 days after hatching, all birds behaved like normal chicks, and the grey quail- ...19921582699
studies on avian spinal cord chimeras. ii. immune response of the chicken host to the graft of quail tissue.a previous study described clinical and pathological manifestations observed in 49 chimeras produced by replacing a small fragment of the neural tube of a chicken embryo by a similar fragment from a japanese quail embryo. predominant antibodies in sera of these birds were directed against xenogeneic antigens which are devoid of organ specificity and which are present in quail tissues but absent from chicken tissues. mixed agglutination test with quail cell monolayers detected such antibodies in ...19921582700
multilocus dna fingerprints in gallinaceous birds: general approach and problems.multilocus profiles were investigated in five different species of galliformes (ring-necked pheasant phasianus colchicus, indian peafowl pavo cristatus, japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica, domestic chicken gallus gallus, and red grouse lagopus lagopus scoticus) using two human multilocus probes (33.6 and 33.15) in combination with each of four restriction enzymes (alui, ddei, haeiii or hinfi). all the species show a dna fingerprint-like pattern using at least one restriction enzyme in com ...19921612925
dotted white--a plumage color mutant in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).a plumage color mutant, dotted white (dtw), of japanese quail is described in this paper. the adult dtw mutant shows white plumage with a small colored spot on the head and/or back. the pigmented spots invariably appear on the dorsal region and never on the ventral region of the body. some birds lack colored spots and show pure white plumage. the chick of the dtw mutant shows cream yellow plumules similar to those of the white leghorn chick. colored spots also exist as in adults, and its colorat ...19921740163
effects of handling and pair management on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ).three experiments were designed to study the effects of handling, pairing, and frequency of mating opportunities on reproduction in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ) when the sexes were caged separately except during the 90 minute mating periods. in experiments 1 and 2, 48 females and 48 males were allocated randomly to one of four treatments: 1) continuously paired, 2) paired daily with the same male, 3) paired daily with a different male, and 4) paired every third day with the same male. in ...199216727087
study of yolk precursor transport in the avian ovary with the use of horseradish peroxidase.ovaries of adult japanese quails were exposed in vivo to the exogenous protein horseradish peroxidase (hrp) for varying lengths of time to investigate ultrastructurally the permeability of the wall of these follicles, the protein uptake capacity of granulosa and oocyte and the kinetics of protein uptake in different stages. there is a sudden increase in permeability of the follicle wall from previtellogenesis to vitellogenesis. this is not due to a loss of sealing (tight) junctions in the granul ...19921445788
thyroid stimulating hormone distribution in the pars distalis of the japanese quail. 19921132676
experimental salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection and egg transmission in japanese quails.japanese quails were inoculated orally with 1 x 10(10) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolated from chicks to obtain information concerning s. enteritidis infection and egg transmission. the inoculation resulted in a bacteraemic infection with seeding of the liver, spleen, intestine, peritoneum, ovule, ovary and oviduct. some infected birds showed diarrhoea, ruffled feathers, depression, loss of appetite and death. however, most infected birds remained clinically nor ...199216031673
ontogeny of a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).the nucleus preopticus medianus (pomn) is a sexually dimorphic nucleus in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) that is critically involved in the hormonal activation of male copulatory behavior. the larger volume apparent in males appears to depend upon circulating testosterone [brain res., 416 (1987) 59-68; j. comp. neurol., 303 (1991) 443-456]. the present study determined when during normal development this nucleus becomes dimorphic. pomn and a control nucleus, the nucleus commissurae pallii (n ...19921477957
the changes in body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein turnover rate by selection for body size in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.1. body temperature, oxygen consumption, co2 production and muscle protein degradation rate were measured in the three quail lines selected for body size, a random bred line (rr) and two lines selected for large (ll) or small (ss) body size. 2. the body temperature at 15 weeks of age was highest for small body size line and lowest for large body size line. 3. the body temperature, oxygen consumption and co2 production of females were significantly higher than that of males. 4. the fractional deg ...19921361899
circadian nature of the photoperiodic clock in japanese quail.the photoperiodic clock in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) is based upon a rhythm of photoinducibility (phi i) but the extent to which this rhythm is circadian remains unclear. two types of experiment investigated this situation. in the first, gonadectomized quail were adapted to live in periods of darkness by training them on a schedule containing one short day and 3 days of darkness (sd/dd/dd/dd). they were then exposed to a single pulse of 6 or 10 h of light at different times across 3 day ...19921469668
gut microflora can modify fatty acid composition in liver and egg yolk lipids of laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).1. the influence of the gut microflora on lipid metabolism was investigated in germ-free (gf) and conventional (cv) laying japanese quail. 2. serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations showed comparable values in both gf and cv environments. 3. the fatty acid composition of liver lipids was modified by the presence of gut microflora. notably, in the presence of the gut microflora, proportion of oleic acid was reduced and conversely, stearic and linoleic acids were enhanced. 4. in egg yolk lip ...19921358512
direct and correlated responses to bidirectional selection for dustbathing activity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).bidirectional selection was conducted for dustbathing activity in male japanese quail over 17 generations. the response to selection was slightly asymmetrical, due mainly to scale effects and a threshold imposing discontinuity on the visible expression of dustbathing in the low line. correlated responses to selection were found for latency to dustbathe, duration, intensity, and incidence of nonbathers. in general, changes followed linear patterns over time in both lines with the exception of qua ...19921417682
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. ii. diathetic genes and the leftover variance "v(e)".the sources of deviation from population-typical norms of variability were studied in relation to early approach preferences between colors in newly hatched japanese quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica). subjects were drawn from an unselected genetic control line, two genetic lines that were artificially selected for extreme blue and red preferences, their hybrids, and a large set of backcross and assortatively derived generations. large progressive increases were observed with selection in ...19921417681
sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. i. behavioral synergism and systemic instability.differences between population-typical norms of individual variability were studied in five genetic lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica); two (bl and rl) were bidirectionally selected for early approach preference between blue and red stimuli, two (hi and lo) for high and low imprintabilities to the same stimuli, and the fifth (cl) was an unselected genetic control line. selection resulted in reliably divergent extreme choice performances and imprintabilities and in progressively ...19921417680
production, hatchability and fertility of eggs from breeding japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed diets containing furazolidone.1. breeding japanese quail were allocated to 8 groups, each group consisting of 20 females and males. the birds were fed one of 4 diets for up to 33 d: a control diet or a diet containing 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg furazolidone. subsequently, quails were fed a furazolidone-free diet for up to 21 d. egg production, quality, hatchability and fertility of the groups were measured. 2. significant reduction in egg production occurred in birds fed 400 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg furazolidone, the eff ...19921393678
serum esterase inhibition in birds: a nondestructive biomarker to assess organophosphorus and carbamate contamination.with the aim of proposing a nondestructive biomarker for monitoring the toxicological risk to birds of exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide azamethiphos and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, laboratory studies were performed on serum "b" esterases in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the birds received two single dose treatments of each compound (azamethiphos and methomyl), i.e., 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg respectively. in the first treatment, serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) ...19921637204
effect of feeding palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids to japanese quail hens (coturnix coturnix japonica). 2. maternal diets and stage of incubation on the lipid metabolism of quail embryos.an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing 3% of either palmitic acid (diet pa), oleic acid (diet oa), or linoleic acid (diet la) and three stages of development (days 11, 13, and 15 of incubation) on 1) weights of yolk plus yolk sac membrane (ty), yolk sac membrane (ysm), yolk, liver, and extrahepatic tissue (et); and 2) the fatty acid composition of phospholipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol ester fractions of ysm and et of quail embryos. embryos from birds fed di ...19921614943
growth and development of lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) divergently selected for body weight at 4 weeks of age.1. divergent selection for body weight resulted in significant increases and decreases in body weight and the relative weight of the pectoralis major breast muscle in heavy (hw) and light weight (lw) strains of japanese quail compared with a randombred control strain (r1). 2. the relative weights of the abdominal fat pad and total carcass lipid were increased in the hw strain, particularly in the females. 3. sexual maturity was similar in hw and r1 hens but was delayed in the lw hens. hw hens la ...19921354587
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