Publications

[lysozyme in children with acute and chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases].	fecal lysozyme excretion was determined in two hundred children and adolescent. in sixty three infants with enteritis due to rotavirus the fecal lysozyme level was found to be significant higher than in the feces of a group of healthy infants (p less than 0.01). elevated fecal lysozyme excretion could be detected in patients with untreated crohn's disease. after treatment with salazosulfapyridine, prednisone and elemental diet during six week a significant drop in fecal lysozyme level was observ ...	1985	3991222
bovine cryptosporidiosis in denmark. 2. cryptosporidia associated with neonatal calf diarrhea.	in recent years cryptosporidia have often been identified in diarrheic calves of under one month old, either as the sole pathogenic agent or in combination with other diarrhea-causing infectious agents. in 203 cases of bovine cryptosporidiosis, recorded over a period of two years, cryptosporidia were present in such great numbers that they would seem to be of causal significance. the calves were from three days to five weeks old. in 111 cases (55%) a monoinfection with cryptosporidia occurred, w ...	1985	3991354
rotavirus infection in pheasant poults.		1985	3992834
specific iga antibody in nasal washes from patients with rotavirus infection.		1985	4000995
[new findings on viral gastroenteritis].		1985	4005992
a study of rotavirus diarrhoea in children in a north indian community.		1985	4008901
evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea.	the appropriate approach to the diagnosis and management of acute infectious diarrhea is determined by the frequency and setting of the illness, the recognizable causes or syndromes, the cost and yield of available diagnostic tests, and the treatability of the disease. acute diarrhea affects everyone throughout the world from one to more than six times each year, depending on age, location, and living conditions. the range of identifiable viral, bacterial, and parasitic etiologies is great, and ...	1985	4014291
development of resistance of enterocytes to rotavirus in neonatal, agammaglobulinemic piglets.	the first part of this report describes the development of a technique for evaluating the growth of rotavirus under controlled conditions that approximate a natural infection. a standard dose of rotavirus (approximately 10(9) viral particles) was injected into ligated segments in the small intestine of newborn, agammaglobulinemic, colostrum-deprived piglets. after various periods postinoculation, the segments were retrieved and the enterocytes were evaluated for the presence of rotaviral antigen ...	1985	4020959
[rotavirus gastroenteritis in children].		1985	4022766
oral rehydration therapy in infectious diarrhoea. comparison of rehydration solutions with 60 and 90 mmol sodium per litre.	the clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis as judged from serum sodium levels, salt and water retention and renal handling of sodium was studied during 36 hours following the start of oral rehydration therapy (ort) with a solution containing 60 mmol na/l (ors60) in 17 well-nourished, moderately dehydrated turkish infants aged 3 to 15 months who had acute infectious diarrhoea (7 with rotavirus, 3 with enteropathogenic e. coli 0 111: b 84, and one with enteropathogenic e. coli ...	1985	4024918
rotavirus infections among the staff of a general paediatric department.		1985	4024935
risk factors associated with nosocomial rotavirus infection.	a prospective study of hospital-acquired rotavirus infection was undertaken on an infant and young toddler floor to assess the incidence of infection and risk factors associated with nosocomial transmission. during the seven-month study period, gastroenteritis accounted for 60 of 663 admissions, 23 (38%) of which were due to rotavirus. in spite of enteric isolation of 21 (91%) of 23 patients with community-acquired cases, 36 infants developed nosocomial rotavirus infections. the attack rate of h ...	1985	4036928
the childhood health effects of an improved water supply system on a remote panamanian island.	the incidence of diarrhea, respiratory disease, and skin infections was prospectively determined after the introduction of a system which distributed unlimited quantities of high quality fresh water to each of the 150 housing units on tupile, an island devoid of fresh water located off panama's caribbean coast and inhabited by 1,500 cuna indians. tupile residents used 7.1 liters of water/person/day compared to the 2.3 usage rate of inhabitants on achutupo, the control island. despite ready avail ...	1985	4037183
survey of rotavirus infections in acute gastroenteritis in addis ababa: a comparison between enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop).		1985	4054033
experimental rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves: assay of treatment by administration of bacterially produced human interferon (hu-ifn alpha 2).	seven colostrum-deprived newborn calves were orally inoculated within 24 hours after birth with bovine rotavirus. three of them were intramuscularly injected with bacterially produced human interferon (hu-ifn alpha 2). the four control animals presented a severe diarrhoea for at least 48 hours, while only one of the treated calves suffered from a transient diarrhoea for a few hours. hu-ifn alpha 2 seems therefore able to control rotavirus diarrhoea in newborn calves, although it did not inhibit ...	1985	4062197
sugar intolerance complicating acute gastroenteritis.	sugar intolerance occurred in 31 of 200 children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. in 28 this was transient and settled rapidly, but in the remaining three it indicated a more serious and persistent problem. the most important predisposing factor was viral infection, in particular with rotavirus. the current regimen for the management of sugar intolerance complicating acute gastroenteritis at this hospital is outlined.	1985	4062353
acute enteritis associated with rotavirus presence in brazilian children: evaluations on prevalence, therapy and age group.		1985	4067223
acute diarrhoeal disease in children under 7 years of age in a peri-urban slum of santiago, chile.	a group of 168 families who lived in a peri-urban slum in santiago were surveyed for 9 months. all of them had a child under 7 years of age. medical activities and data collection were carried out at a field station and by means of twice-weekly visits to each home, at which time cases of diarrhoea were recorded and investigated. faecal samples for bacteriological, parasitological and rotavirus studies were obtained during each episode. the characteristics of clinical course, hygienic practices i ...	1985	4067299
prevention of rotavirus infection by oral administration of cow colostrum containing antihumanrotavirus antibody.	after immunizing 8-month pregnant holstein cows with human rotavirus, wa strain, cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to human rotavirus, designated as rota colostrum, was obtained. after randomly grouping 13 infants from a single orphanage, 6 infants received 20 ml of rota colostrum every morning and 7 control infants received 20 ml of market milk. one month later, rotavirus associated diarrhea was observed in 6 of the 7 infants given milk and 1 out of the 6 infants given rota colostr ...	1985	4069083
[respiratory and enteric rotavirus infections in a pediatric unit].		1985	4069693
[prospective study of rotavirus infection in a maternity unit. demonstration of a nosocomial infection].	eighty-eight children born at the maternity hospital in saint-germain-en-laye between may 24 and june 7, 1983 were followed clinically, with a special supervision concerning stools, weight curves and the way of feeding. stool samplings looking for rotavirus were performed in all the children and their mothers, at the 3rd and 6th days of life. no mother was found with rotavirus infection. in neonates, rotavirus excretion was significantly related to a slow down in weight curves and the occurrence ...	1985	4074098
rapid coagglutination test for detection of rotaviruses in turkeys.	avian rotaviruses present in fecal samples were readily detected using a staphylococcal protein-a coagglutination test on a white porcelain plate. staphylococci, which produced large amounts of protein-a, were coated with rabbit anti-avian rotavirus serum. the antibody-coated staphylococci were agglutinated specifically by rotavirus present in the fecal sample. the macroscopic agglutination reaction occurred within a few minutes. a total of 40 fecal samples were tested by the coagglutination tes ...	1985	4074236
a new screening test for rotavirus infection.	a simple and rapid staphylococcal coagglutination test, using rabbit antisera prepared against nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv), is described for the detection of rotavirus in neonatal fecal specimens. when the samples were examined directly using the coagglutination test, more than 60% of the specimens agglutinated the control reagent. these non-specific reactions were markedly reduced by preincubation of the specimens with non-immune rabbit serum and further heating at 80 degrees c for 45 m ...	1985	4077267
liquid diets fed hourly to pigs weaned at 19 days of age and exposed to rotavirus (weanling diarrhea).	five diets were tested for their capacity to promote weight gains in newly-weaned, 19-d-old, rotavirus-exposed pigs. the diets were tested under conditions designed to minimize the stress of weaning. that is, rotavirus-exposed pigs were moved at weaning to an isolation unit, caged individually and fed hourly liquid diets that were high (approximately 26%) and low in protein (approximately 11%). in all experiments, pigs experienced postweaning rotavirus-associated diarrhea and depression in rate ...	1985	4077748
oral administration of human serum immunoglobulin in immunodeficient patients with viral gastroenteritis. a pharmacokinetic and functional analysis.	we examined the pharmacokinetics and immunological activity of human serum immunoglobulins (hsg) possessing anti-rota-virus activity which were orally administered to three children with primary immunodeficiency syndromes and prolonged gastrointestinal excretion of rotavirus. detailed analysis of the excretion of immunoglobulins labeled with biotin or i125 revealed that approximately 50% of the recovered radioactivity was excreted in the stools over a 3-d period. approximately half of the excret ...	1985	4077983
progress in rotavirus vaccination.		1985	4080581
an otofuke-like virus associated with diarrhoea. case report and electronmicroscopic study.	virus particles similar to otofuke virus have been found, together with rotaviruses and astroviruses, by electronmicroscopy in faeces from an infant with diarrhoea in northern ireland. previously otofuke virus has been found only in japan whence it may have been carried to this country by a businessman.	1985	4082360
[intestinal immunity in rotavirus infections in young children].		1985	4083687
[gastroenteritis of a nonbacterial nature in sverdlovsk children].	the analysis of the results of the clinico-epidemiological and laboratory examination of children with clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis, admitted to specialized hospitals in sverdlovsk during 1982-1983, showed that morbidity rate in sverdlovsk was determined mainly by cases registered among children during the first 2 years of their life. morbidity rate among children aged up to 1 year was 3-6 times higher than that among children of other age groups. cases of gastroenteritis amo ...	1985	4090824
vaccination of young foxes (vulpes vulpes, l.) against rabies: trials with inactivated vaccine administered by oral and parenteral routes.	foxes aged between two and three months were vaccinated with an inactivated rabies vaccine. three immunization procedures were attempted: a first group of animals was parenterally injected while two other groups daily ingested during ten days either an uncoated vaccine (commercially available liquid form: rabisin) or a coated vaccine (gastro-resistant tablets) associated with a potential enteropathogenic virus (bovine rotavirus). the latter viral association was used in order to see if seroconve ...	1985	4091486
[immunoenzymes and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of rotavirus infections in childhood].		1985	4094595
[comparison of enzyme immunoassay, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the diagnosis of rotaviruses].	detection of human rotaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), provided by the world health organization, in 100 stool specimens was compared with the sensitivity of detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cied) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). table 1 shows that 34 samples were found to contain rotavirus antigens by elisa and in other 4 specimens false negative results were observed in the elisa confirmatory test because of high antigen concentration. the elisa co ...	1985	2829273
rotavirus and coronavirus infections in animals.		1985	2856168
comparative studies on three isolates of breda virus of calves.	three isolates of breda virus of calves were compared morphologically and antigenically. the isolates demonstrated similar morphology and shared common antigens, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy. on the basis of results of the hemagglutination-inhibition test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoelectron microscopy, the 3 isolates were further subdivided into 2 serotypes: serotype 1 (breda virus 1) represented by the iowa isolate 1; and se ...	1985	2408519
[virology of rotaviruses and the epidemiology of diarrhea caused by rotaviruses].		1985	2408634
the use of polylysine during negative staining of viral suspensions.	the use of 0.1% aqueous solution of polylysine (poly-l-lysine) is proposed as a prior step to negative staining of viral or particle suspensions. particles spread better on films precoated with polylysine than with other substances used for the same purpose. this applies particularly to samples from sucrose or cscl gradients. the use of negative contrast substances is discussed.	1985	2409100
transitional diarrhoea in newborn infants.	a self-limited acute fluid diarrhoea was seen in 80 of 3550 (2.2%) live-born infants not kept in a nursery in this hospital. rotavirus and enteropathogenic serotypes of e. coli were detected with equal frequency with and without diarrhoea. it is suggested that this self-limited episode of diarrhoea occurring soon after birth is not necessarily due to rotavirus infection but could also be due to failure of adaptation to enteral feeding and microbial colonization during this transitional period.	1985	2409891
vertical transmission of enteric pathogens at birth.	to determine how frequently mothers infect their infants with enteric pathogens at birth, stools were collected from 75 thai mothers immediately before delivery and from their infants 24-48 h later. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) were isolated from 25 of the 75 mothers just prior to delivery (32%), enteroviruses from six (8%), enterotoxigenic e. coli from five (7%), and shigella, salmonella and vibrio parahaemolyticus each from one (1%). epec serotype 0128:k67 was isolated from one mot ...	1985	2409892
enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterotoxigenic (etec) related diarrhoeal disease in a neonatal unit.	in an outbreak of summer diarrhoea in the neonatal unit, king edward viii hospital, durban, 25 (69%) of the 36 infants had organisms demonstrated in their stools. four (11%) had epec alone, six (17%) etec alone, six (17%) epec plus rotavirus and nine (25%) all three organisms. eleven (30%) infants had no organisms in their stools. rotavirus alone was not present in any of the stools. seven infants had septicaemia. the overall mortality was 22% and 62.5% of the deaths occurred in low birthweight ...	1985	2409893
epidemiological aspects of rotavirus infection in young gambian children.	rotavirus gastro-enteritis in young gambian children has its maximum impact on infants after the age of one month, in whom it produces short, well-defined annual winter epidemics with clinical dehydration in up to 18% of those infected. sporadic infection was observed in neonates who were often asymptomatic, throughout one year but not in the subsequent year. in two consecutive years studied there was a major change from subgroup i, serotype 2 to subgroup ii, serotypes 1 and 3. this could have c ...	1985	2409894
sequence of the serotype-specific glycoprotein of the human rotavirus wa strain and comparison with other human rotavirus serotypes.	complementary dna was synthesized from the double-stranded rna of the wa strain of human rotavirus and inserted into the bacterial plasmid pbr322. clones which contained the gene that codes for the viral glycoprotein (vp7) were identified and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the gene was 1062 base pairs in length with an open reading frame which coded for 326 amino acids. two potential glycosylation sites were found as well as two hydrophobic regions at the n-terminus of the polypeptide. ...	1985	2412362
characteristics of an sa 11 rotavirus variant differing in the outer capsid glycoprotein.	the ease with which variants of rotaviruses arise has been further illustrated by the isolation of a variant of simian rotavirus sa 11 differing in the major outer capsid glycoprotein vp7. the difference in mol.wt. between vp7 of the variant (sta virus) and sa 11 virus was 3 x 10(3), with this polypeptide of sta virus still retaining the mannose-rich carbohydrate moiety. limited proteolytic analysis using staphylococcus aureus v.8 protease and trypsin also showed a difference in structure betwee ...	1985	2412538
effect of mutation in immunodominant neutralization epitopes on the antigenicity of rotavirus sa-11.	exposure of rotavirus sa-11 to polyclonal neutralizing antibody from hyperimmunized guinea-pigs permitted selection of variants which were poorly neutralized by antisera against the parental virus. in one-way cross-neutralization experiments, at least 22 of 24 plaque-purified variants could be classified as belonging to a serotype different from that of the parent. most antisera generated against the variants, however, readily neutralized the parental virus. this indicates that immunodominant ne ...	1985	2414396
asymptomatic rotavirus infection in nigerian day-care centres.	one hundred and sixteen stool specimens were collected from five day-care centres in benin city, nigeria, one each from children aged 6-48 months who were free from diarrhoea or any other acute illness. the elisa method showed that 17.2% of the children had rotavirus in their stools. no rotavirus could be detected in the 19 children aged 6-12 months. the incidence of asymptomatic excretors in girls (19.1%) was slightly higher than in boys (15.9%), although this difference was not significant. ro ...	1985	2415057
immunogenicity of a bovine rotavirus glycoprotein fragment.	previous experiments demonstrated that an antigenic site responsible for virus neutralization and cell attachment was located on a 14,000-molecular-weight fragment of the major bovine rotavirus (brv) glycoprotein (m. sabara, j. e. gilchrist, g. r. hudson, and l. a. babiuk, j. virol. 53:58-66, 1985). however, it was necessary to investigate whether this fragment also had the ability to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. upon immunization of mice, the bovine serum albumin-conjugated ...	1985	2415712
rotavirus antigens.	the rotaviruses are important medical and veterinary pathogens that cause acute diarrheal disease in children and in the young of most mammalian and avian species. the successful development of a rotavirus vaccine should significantly reduce worldwide infant morbidity and mortality and economic losses and increase food-production. recent successes in the cultivation and characterization of rotavirus strains from humans and animals have led to a better understanding of the major antigens of these ...	1985	2416200
specific labelling of human rotaviruses and adenoviruses with gold-igg complexes.	human rotaviruses and adenoviruses were specifically labelled by an indirect immuno gold staining technique for electron microscopy. rabbit antisera against human rota- and adenoviruses were used as the primary antibody and goat anti-rabbit igg-gold complexes as secondary antibody. optimal conditions for the procedure were established by testing serial dilutions of the antisera. precoating of electron microscopy grids with bovine rotavirus antibody decreased nonspecific background staining and a ...	1985	2416768
nucleotide sequence of the structural glycoprotein vp7 gene of nebraska calf diarrhea virus rotavirus: comparison with homologous genes from four strains of human and animal rotaviruses.	a full-size cloned cdna copy of the rotavirus gene encoding the structural neutralization glycoprotein (vp7) of nebraska calf diarrhea virus (ncdv), a strain recently shown to be effective as a vaccine in children, has been sequenced. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of ncdv (serotype 6) vp7 with that of four other rotavirus strains (human wa serotype 1, human hu-5 serotype 2, simian sa-11 serotype 3, and bovine uk serotype 6) indicates that the degree of amino acid homology among v ...	1985	2417410
detection of human rotaviruses with a 'super-short' rna pattern.		1985	2418623
preliminary characterization of an epitope involved in neutralization and cell attachment that is located on the major bovine rotavirus glycoprotein.	the 38,200-molecular weight (unreduced)/41,900-molecular-weight (reduced) glycoprotein of bovine rotavirus, isolate c486, was identified as the major neutralizing antigen. this glycoprotein as well as the corresponding glycoprotein of another bovine rotavirus serotype also specifically attached to cell monolayers under normal conditions for virus adsorption in vitro. further support for this glycoprotein being directly responsible for virus attachment to cells was that (i) infectious virus of bo ...	1985	2578197
neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human rotavirus and indications of antigenic drift among strains from neonates.	cells producing neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to a serotype 3 human neonatal rotavirus strain rv-3 were derived by fusion of hyperimmunized mouse spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells. as ascites fluid, three rotavirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were characterized by hemagglutination inhibition and reacted with 17 cultivable mammalian rotaviruses representing five virus serotypes, by fluorescent focus neutralization and enzyme immunoassay. two antibodies, mab rv-3:1 and mab rv-3:2, ...	1985	2579249
detection of human rotavirus by nucleic acid analysis in comparison to enzyme-linked immunoassay and electron microscopy.	the results of rna analysis for the detection of rotavirus were compared with those of a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and electron microscopy using 212 faecal specimens obtained from 200 children with gastroenteritis. rotavirus was extracted directly from faecal specimens and rna segments were made visible by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a silver staining technique. of the 212 faecal specimens 137 were found to be positive in elisa, 125 in rna analysis and 121 i ...	1985	2580704
rotavirus neutralizing protein vp7: antigenic determinants investigated by sequence analysis and peptide synthesis.	the rotavirus neutralizing antigen, vp7, is a 37,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein which is a major component of the outer shell of the virion. the amino acid sequence of vp7 for strain s2 (human serotype 2) and nebraska calf diarrhea virus (bovine serotype) has been inferred from the nucleic acid sequence of cloned copies of genomic segment nine. comparison of the amino acid sequences of these two vp7 proteins with those already determined for other rotavirus strains reveals extensive sequence ...	1985	2582147
evidence of immunity induced by naturally acquired rotavirus and norwalk virus infection on two remote panamanian islands.	for better understanding of the role of humoral immunity in ameliorating infections with rotavirus (rv) and norwalk virus (nw), 305 cuna indians living on two isolated islands located off panama's carribean coast were surveyed daily for diarrhea over a seven-month period. nine (8%) of 108 persons with a baseline rv antibody titer of greater than 1:4 developed rv infection compared with 70 (46%) of 151 persons with a baseline rv antibody titer of less than 1:4 (p less than .001). thirty-eight (25 ...	1985	2981278
human rotavirus-like particles in a hepatic abscess.		1985	2981310
effect of malnutrition on rotavirus infection in suckling mice: kinetics of early infection.	the effects of malnutrition on the viral replication pattern and severity of clinical disease were examined in suckling mice infected with mouse rotavirus (mrv). the infection in malnourished animals was characterized by a significant decrease in the minimal infectious dose and in the incubation period of the onset of diarrhea, when compared to well-nourished controls. viral replication in the dispersed enterocytes was observed 6-12 hr earlier, fecal viral shedding peaked significantly earlier, ...	1985	2981423
serologic survey of rotavirus, norwalk agent and prototheca wickerhamii in wastewater workers.	analysis of paired sera from 48 wastewater workers and controls who reported gastrointestinal illness did not reveal any excess of seroconversions to norwalk agent or to rotavirus. inexperienced wastewater-exposed workers had higher levels of antibody to norwalk agent than did experienced and control workers and those with high and medium aerosol exposure had higher titres than those in the low aerosol category. analysis for prototheca antibody titres was essentially negative.	1985	2981485
isolation and identification of caliciviruses from dogs with enteric infections.	caliciviruses were isolated from 7 dogs and 1 captured coyote with enteritis. there was a high fatality rate in dogs 4 to 16 weeks of age. the occurrence in these dogs of concurrent infection with known enteric pathogens such as salmonella sp, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine rotavirus did not allow making any conclusions regarding the pathogenicity of this newly recognized calicivirus. the caliciviruses were characterized by electron microscopy and were further identified as be ...	1985	2982299
isolation of ovine rotavirus in cell cultures. brief report.	three cytopathic rotavirus strains were isolated in ma 104 cells from intestinal contents of lambs with diarrhea. pretreatment of virus with pancreatin and incorporation of a small amount of pancreatin in maintenance medium were important for establishment of the strains in these cells. the isolates showed marked cross reactions with bovine rotavirus in immunofluorescence, but no cross reaction with bovine, human, simian, equine, porcine and lapine rotaviruses in neutralization.	1985	2982347
nucleic acid probes in diagnosis of viral diseases of man. brief review.	with the recent, rapid advances in recombinant dna technology, it has become possible to consider the use of nucleic acid probes in diagnosis of human viral diseases. several examples are discussed which employ techniques of dot blot hybridization, sandwich hybridization and in situ hybridization. typing of viral strains using restriction endonuclease digestion as an epidemiological tool is considered. finally, the present limitations of molecular hybridization are discussed, and future developm ...	1985	2982349
isolation and characterization of cytopathic strains of rotavirus from rabbits. brief report.	three cytopathic rotavirus isolates were recovered from young rabbits affected by an enteric syndrome. the three isolates, when compared by cross serum-neutralization tests, were found to be of the same serotype. cross neutralization occurred also between a representative of the rabbit isolates and one strain of bovine rotavirus.	1985	2982351
a combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (eiara).	a combined enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (eiara) was developed as a double-antibody sandwich assay in which test samples are added to plastic wells coated with rotavirus or adenovirus goat antibody. the presence of antigens is detected by mixed-guinea pig antisera to the same viruses followed by rabbit anti-guinea pig igg conjugated with peroxidase and subsequently by ortho-phenylenediamine substrate. titrations of rotavirus (sa11) and adenovirus type 2 tissue culture grown vir ...	1985	2982891
reassortant rotaviruses as potential live rotavirus vaccine candidates.	a series of reassortants was isolated from coinfection of cell cultures with a wild-type animal rotavirus and a "noncultivatable" human rotavirus. wild-type bovine rotavirus (uk strain) was reassorted with human rotavirus strains d, ds-1, and p; wild-type rhesus rotavirus was reassorted with human rotavirus strains d and ds-1. the d, ds-1, and p strains represent human rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. monospecific antiserum (to bovine rotavirus, ncdv strain) or a set of monoclonal ...	1985	2983101
protection against rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis in a murine model by passively acquired gastrointestinal but not circulating antibodies.	newborn mice suckled on dams immunized either orally or parenterally with primate rotavirus sa-11 were protected against diarrhea induced by sa-11 virus challenge. experimental oral administration of milk from orally immunized dams protected suckling mice against challenge; protective activity was detected both in the anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg fractions, but iga was more potent in vivo than igg. oral administration of milk from parentally immunized dams also protected sucklin ...	1985	2983120
a two-year longitudinal study on the etiology of acute diarrhea in young children in northern italy.	during a 24-month period, 561 young children (6 months-2 years of age) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were studied for enteric pathogens. patients positive for one or more pathogens were 359 (64.0%). infection with one pathogen was found in 266 (47.4%) patients, whereas multiple infection was detected in 93 (16.6%) patients. enteropathogens associated with disease were rotaviruses: 150 (26.7%), adenoviruses: 99 (17,6%), non-polio enteroviruses: 48 (8.5%), coronaviruses: 10 (1.8%), parvoviruses: ...	1985	2983179
antibody to human rotavirus in cow's milk.	rotavirus infection is an important cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. since the virus replicates in the intestinal lumen, we investigated the presence and effectiveness of rotavirus antibody in three forms of milk: raw milk, pasteurized milk, and commercially available infant formulas. both raw and pasteurized milk contained detectable levels of igg1 antibody directed at rotavirus. on the other hand, little or no anti-rotavirus antibody was detected in commercially availabl ...	1985	2983202
prevalence of antibody to typical and atypical rotaviruses in pigs.		1985	2983481
laboratory experiments on oral vaccination of calves against rotavirus or coronavirus induced diarrhoea.		1985	2983509
virus enzyme-linked cell immunoassay (velcia): detection and titration of rotavirus antigen and demonstration of rotavirus neutralizing and total antibodies.	virus enzyme-linked cell immunoassay (velcia) for detection and titration of rotavirus antigen has been developed. wild-type porcine rotavirus antigen can be detected and titrated directly from the fecal material within 24 h. porcine osu strain can be titrated higher than 10(-8). the method has also been introduced for the demonstration of rotavirus neutralizing and total antibodies. in velcia the advantages of the cell culture system for virus isolation are combined with enzyme immunodetection ...	1985	2984228
porcine rotavirus-like virus (group b rotavirus): characterization and pathogenicity for gnotobiotic pigs.	a rotavirus-like virus (rvlv) was isolated from a diarrheic pig from an ohio swine herd. this virus infected villous enterocytes throughout the small intestine of gnotobiotic pigs and induced an acute, transitory diarrhea. complete virions were rarely observed in the intestinal contents of infected animals; the predominant particle detected by immune electron microscopy was a corelike particle 52 nm in diameter. the genome of the porcine rvlv was composed of 11 discrete segments of double-strand ...	1985	2984243
serotypic characterization of rotaviruses derived from asymptomatic human neonatal infections.	nineteen rotavirus strains derived from asymptomatic neonates (seven from england, five from australia, two from venezuela, and five from sweden) were successfully cultivated in primary african green monkey kidney cell cultures, serotyped by plaque reduction neutralization tests, subgrouped by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and electropherotyped by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. all 19 strains were shown to fall into one of the four known human serotypes; serotype 1 (all venezu ...	1985	2984247
enteric viral infections of calves and passive immunity.	at least eight viruses have been identified, four within the last 5 yr, that produce diarrhea and pathological intestinal lesions in experimentally inoculated calves. coronavirus and rotavirus frequently are associated with the neonatal calf diarrhea syndrome, but the etiologic role of the newly identified viruses is undefined. all diarrheal viruses replicate within small intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in variable degrees of villous atrophy. immunity against these viral infections, there ...	1985	2984270
intestinal and serum immune response to a naturally acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.	seventeen children (mean age: 2.0 years, range: 36 days-8 years) hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis were investigated. thirteen children had a rotavirus infection while four did not. rotavirus serum iga as well as scig, i.e., antirotavirus immunoglobulin containing secretory component, increased rapidly after rotavirus infection. while rotavirus iga persisted in serum for at least 6 months, rotavirus scig disappeared from serum in less than 4 months. rotavirus igg could be detected in serum ...	1985	2984402
dysentery caused by escherichia coli (s102-9) in calves: natural and experimental disease.	a dysentery syndrome was recognized among the institute's calves at 18 to 21 days of age. it was reproduced experimentally in gnotobiotic calves with an atypical escherichia coli (s102-9) isolated from the affected calves. in both natural and experimental disease the calves passed copious bright red blood in the feces and developed diarrhea. walls of the colon and rectum were thickened, and the mucosa was reddened and covered by an exudate that contained mucus and blood clots. bacteria were seen ...	1985	2984830
infant formulas and gastrointestinal illness.	infants under age one in a pediatric practice were followed prospectively, and the determinants of acute gastrointestinal illness were evaluated in case-control pairs, matched by birth month. the risk of acute gastrointestinal illness in infants receiving formula was six times greater than in infants receiving breast milk and 2.5 times greater than in infants receiving cow milk. in the second six months of life, infants on formula had 0.38 more gastrointestinal illness episodes per child than in ...	1985	2984949
comparison of the airborne survival of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (sabin) aerosolized as a mixture.	a mixture of a cell culture-adapted strain (c-486) of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (sabin) was prepared in tryptose phosphate broth containing 0.1% uranine (physical tracer) and antifoam at a final concentration of 0.001%. by using a six-jet collison nebulizer, the mixture was aerosolized into a 300-liter stainless-steel rotating (4 rpm) drum. the temperature of the air inside the drum was kept at 20 +/- 1 degrees c, and the virus aerosols were held at the following three levels of relat ...	1985	2984990
isolation from faecal specimens of new strains of human rotavirus primarily cytopathic for stationary cell cultures without trypsin.	eight cytopathic human rotavirus strains were isolated in llc-mk2 cells and in human embryo fibroblasts. the strains were isolated from faeces collected from pediatric and adult patients. pretreatment of specimens with trypsin and trypsin incorporation in maintenance medium were not performed. inoculated monolayers were not subjected to centrifugation and were incubated stationary at 36 degrees c. viruses were identified by electron microscopy and by fluorescent antibody techniques. it is sugges ...	1985	2985029
a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of a combined rotavirus-coronavirus/escherichia coli vaccine in dairy cattle.	a field trial was designed to determine the efficacy of a combination rotavirus-coronavirus/escherichia coli vaccine on dairy farms in southwestern ontario. in part a of the trial, 321 cows on 15 farms were randomly assigned to either vaccination or placebo groups. on eight farms, 50% of the dams were vaccinated, while on the other seven farms, 80% of the dams were vaccinated. in part b of the trial, 26 farms were randomly assigned to either a total vaccination program or to no vaccination progr ...	1985	2985213
long-term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water.	this study was aimed at assessing the role of water as a vehicle for rotavirus spread by determining how well these viruses survive in the water environment. a cell culture adapted strain of human rotavirus subgroup 2, grown in ma-104 cells, was used as a model. virus survival was tested in the following types of water samples, derived from the ottawa river, at two different times of the year: (i) raw water (rw), (ii) muncipally treated tap water (tw), and (iii) raw water that had been filtered ...	1985	2985227
distinct rotaviruses isolated from asymptomatic calves.	rotaviruses were isolated following cell culture of the intestinal contents of four non-diarrheic calves. the four isolates were serially propagated in mdbk and bsc-1 cells in the presence of trypsin and produced rotavirus particles morphologically similar to those found associated with diarrhea. they were antigenically related to the nebraska calf rotavirus (norden strain) as investigated by immunofluorescence. three isolates could be distinguished from the reference nebraska rotavirus by their ...	1985	2985333
evaluation of four tests for detecting human rotavirus in feces.		1985	2985392
direct appraisal of latex agglutination testing, a convenient alternative to enzyme immunoassay for the detection of rotavirus in childhood gastroenteritis, by comparison of two enzyme immunoassays and two latex tests.	during february and march 1984, 207 fecal samples from infants and children with gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus with four techniques: two enzyme immunoassays (rotazyme; abbott laboratories, north chicago, ill., and enzygnost-rotavirus; calbiochem-behring, la jolla, calif.) and two latex agglutination tests (rotalex; orion research, inc., cambridge, mass., and slidex rota-kit; biomérieux). all stool samples were also tested for yeasts and bacterial pathogens. electron microscopy was us ...	1985	2985650
feasibility and efficacy of in-home water chlorination in rural north-eastern brazil.	the purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and effect of an in-home water chlorination programme in a rural village. previous studies at this site showed high levels of faecal coliforms in household water, high diarrhoea rates in children, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviruses were the most common pathogens isolated from patients. household water came from a pond and was stored in clay pots. no homes had sanitary facilities. a blind, cross-over trial of ...	1985	2985691
human enteric coronaviruses: antigenic relatedness to human coronavirus oc43 and possible etiologic role in viral gastroenteritis.	in a group of infants with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, examination of paired sera for antibody to human coronavirus (hcv) oc43 and neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus showed a peculiar pattern of serological response, restricted only to hcv oc43 surface antigens, in a significantly higher proportion than among age-matched controls. in another group of infants and young children with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, fecal excretion of coronavirus-like particles was detected by electron ...	1985	2985710
a candidate for a new serotype of human rotavirus.	we investigated genetic and serological characteristics of a human rotavirus isolate from indonesia which had a "super short" rna electrophoretic pattern (a. hasegawa, s. inouye, s. matsuno, k. yamaoka, r. eko, and w. suharyono, microbiol. immunol. 28:719-722, 1984). this virus, strain 69m, was found by rna-rna hybridization to have a low degree of homology with the representative strains of all four human serotypes. furthermore, it could not be classified by neutralization analysis into any of ...	1985	2985825
travelers' diarrhea. nih consensus development conference.	diarrhea is the major health problem in travelers to developing countries. travel to high-risk areas in latin america, africa, the middle east, and asia is associated with diarrhea rates of 20% to 50%. the syndrome is caused by an infection acquired by ingesting fecally contaminated food or beverages. escherichia coli, a common species of enteric bacteria, is the leading pathogen, although a host of other bacteria, viruses, and protozoa have been implicated in some cases. prudent dietary and hyg ...	1985	2985834
rotavirus infection in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis ibadan, nigeria.	faecal samples from 84 children presenting with acute gastroenteritis at the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria and 28 from a non-diarrhoeal control group were tested for rotavirus by an elisa. 18 cases (21%) and none of the controls were positive. hospital in-patients had a higher percentage of positives (25%) than did out-patients (10%). the age distribution of infections showed that the highest infection rate (67%) occurred in children four to six months old. percentages of positive ...	1985	2986323
rise per base pair in helices of double-stranded rotavirus rna determined by electron microscopy.	regular helices of double-stranded rna occur in nature only as the genome of certain viruses. the structure of such double-stranded rna helices has been little studied compared to that of dna, but some x-ray crystallographic data (arnott, 1970; saenger, 1984) are available. the recent advent of sequence data of bovine rotavirus rna (dyall-smith et al., 1983; elleman et al., 1983; ward et al., 1984) has enabled us to determine by direct measurement of electron micrographs the translation, or axia ...	1985	2986375
[viral diarrheas].	in the developing countries diarrhoea ranks among the most frequent diseases: 5-18 million children are estimated to die annually from gastro-intestinal infections. but also in europe and the usa diarrhoea is of utmost medical importance, especially among children and infants. it was only twelve years ago that 2 viral groups, the norwalk and the rotavirus group, were discovered to be etiological agents responsible for a large proportion of gastro-intestinal infections. whilst viruses of the norw ...	1985	2986379
in vitro activities of bismuth salts against rotaviruses and other enteric viruses.	bismuth salts inhibited plaque formation of all enteric viruses tested, which included four strains of rotavirus and one strain each of echovirus, reovirus, and poliovirus. the compounds had no direct virucidal effect at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 2.5 mg/ml, and the inhibitory effects were observed only at concentrations slightly below those that caused extensive cytotoxicity. plaque inhibition appeared to result from interference with host cell functions, with secondary inhibition of ...	1985	2986544
[etiopathogenesis of infectious diarrheas].		1985	2986658
the neurovirulence of human and animal rotaviruses in cercopithecus monkeys.	cercopithecus monkeys were inoculated according to the specifications of neurovirulence safety test for live rubella virus vaccine with rit 4237, a rotavirus vaccine candidate. rit 4237 is a high passage level of the nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (ncdv). the histological findings in the first test indicated some involvement of the central nervous system. the same test was therefore repeated with rit 4237, with a lower passage level of the ncdv strain, and with the 'wa' strain, a human virus grow ...	1985	2987270
epidemiology of rotavirus electropherotypes determined by a simplified diagnostic technique with rna analysis.	the incidence and rna electropherotypes of rotavirus in stools or rectal swabs of children with diarrhea were studied for three rotavirus seasons (1981 through 1984) in philadelphia, pa. we used a simplified rna analysis method involving polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. phosphate-buffered saline suspensions of the stools and swab eluates were examined directly by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-silver staining analysis and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ro ...	1985	2987300
in vitro detection of porcine rotavirus-like virus (group b rotavirus) and its antibody.	four isolates of porcine rotavirus-like virus (prvlv) infected ma104 cells and induced syncytium formation after low-speed centrifugation of the inoculum onto the monolayer. ten of 44 (23%) ohio swine sera had prvlv antibodies when tested by indirect immunofluorescence, using prvlv-infected ma104 cell monolayers as antigen.	1985	2987303
preparation and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with different reactivity patterns to human rotaviruses.	by employing three strains of cultivable human rotaviruses with different serotype specificity as immunizing antigens, we prepared 11 hybridomas which secreted neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against human rotaviruses. in neutralization tests with four strains of serotype 1, and three each of serotypes 2 and 3, the monoclonal antibodies showed different reactivity patterns: seven monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with all strains of either serotype 1, 2 or 3 human rotavirus, but two ...	1985	2987395
[viral gastroenteritis: serological characteristics and molecular epidemiology of human rotavirus].		1985	2987572
rotavirus electrophoretypes in infantile gastro-enteritis. an epidemiological study.	from january first 1978 to september 30, 1981, 93 fecal samples from children hospitalized with a rotavirus gastro-enteritis were tested after rna extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 14 electrophoretypes (ti--t14) were identified by this technique. they were studied in relation with epidemiological as well as clinical symptoms. no electrophoretype correlated well with age or living area. the electrophoretype t3 was found only in male infants and the electrophoretype t7 was 3 times ...	1985	2987774
transmission of viral infections by the water route: implications for developing countries.	the "enteric" virus group comprises greater than 100 different viruses. these viruses typically infect the cell lining of the alimentary canal and are discharged in very large numbers in the feces of infected persons. contamination of water supplies by enteric viruses represents an important source of viral infection. many communities, particularly in developing countries, depend on sewage-polluted sources for their recreational and drinking water. because conventional methods of sewage and wate ...	1985	2988098
[diagnosis of rotavirus infection using coagglutination reactions].		1985	2988212
rotavirus infections in conventional pigs: kinetics excretion in faeces of rotavirus antigens, antibodies and immune complexes by pigs from birth up to three month of age.		1985	2988238