Publications

[cloning fragments of bacteriophage t5 dna, determining expression of phage-dependent ligase].	cloning vèctor lambda gt-p mb9 has been used for cloning of dna fragments of bacteriophage t5 produced by ecor*i activity. one clone contains a dna fragment of 2.2 md which has been mapped at 67-71% on the physical map of the genome. functional studies have shown that bacteriophage lambda gt-t5 can grow on e. coli lights 7. infection of this e.coli strain with phage lambda gt-t5 induces dna-ligase activity which has been previously observed in e. coli infected with bacteriophage t5.	1981	6265760
the nus mutations affect transcription termination in escherichia coli.	the nusa1 and nusb5 mutations in a partial suppression of polarity and thus transcription termination in escherichia coli. as these mutations block the transcription antitermination activity of bacteriophage lambda n gene product, they paradoxically seem to enhance transcription termination at phage termination sites. the rho mutation hdf026 displays almost identical properties. the observations suggest that the nusa and nusb gene products may act as termination factors analogous to rho protein.	1981	6265784
termination of transcription by nusa gene protein of escherichia coli.	the nusa gene protein of escherichia coli and n gene protein of bacteriophage lambda interact in vitro and cooperate in vivo to prevent transcription termination. in vitro the nusa gene protein causes rna polymerase to pause in the tr2 terminator region of lambda dna. a completed termination event at tr2 requires both the nusa gene protein and the previously described e. coli termination factor rho. the nusa gene protein is therefore both a transcription termination factor and a protein which co ...	1981	6265785
characterization of a cloned histone gene cluster of the newt notophthalamus viridescens.	we report the cloning and characterization of a histone gene cluster of the newt notophthalamus viridescens. fragments containing newt histone genes were identified in whole genome southern blots; these fragments were cloned into a bacteriophage lambda cloning vector constructed for this purpose. the positions of most of the histone genes were determined by hybridizing subcloned sea urchin histone genes to digests of the cloned newt gene cluster. the position of each gene was verified, and its p ...	1981	6265868
expression of the denv gene of bacteriophage t4 cloned in escherichia coli.	the denv gene of bacteriophage t4 has been cloned into escherichia coli k-12 by inserting appropriate fragments of cytosine-containing t4 dna into the sal i site of the plasmid pbr322. the denv gene codes for an enzyme that initiates the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers produced in dna by uv. in uvra reca mutants, deficient in an early step in excision repair, the cloned dna results in enhanced uv resistance that is more pronounced in stationary- than in exponential-phase cultures. the expre ...	1981	6265912
molecular cloning of integrated simian sarcoma virus: genome organization of infectious dna clones.	the integrated form of simian sarcoma virus (ssv) was molecularly cloned in the charon 16a strain of bacteriophage lambda. in transfection analysis, the recombinant viral dnas demonstrated the ability to transform cells in tissue culture at high efficiency. such transformants possessed typical ssv morphology, expressed simian sarcoma associated virus (ssav) gag gene products in the absence of virus release, and released ssv after superinfection with a type c helper virus. a physical map of the 5 ...	1981	6265924
overproduction of the ecorii endonuclease and methylase by escherichia coli strains carrying recombinant plasmids constructed in vitro.	recombinant dna molecules were constructed from the plasmid pil203 and the ecori-fragment of n3 plasmid containing ecorii endonuclease and methylase genes and also a gene for resistance to sulfanilamide. the pil203 plasmid, used as a vector, consisted of the bam hi-ecori-fragment of the plasmid pbr322 conferring resistance to ampicillin and the bam hi-ecori-fragment of lambda phage containing promoters, a thermosensitive mutation in the ci gene and a suppressible amber mutation in the cro gene. ...	1981	6266480
attempts ot activate endogenous virus expression with marek's disease virus dna.	several dnas derived from marek's disease virus-infected cells and tissues were tested for in vitro infectivity and for the ability to activate avian endogenous type c virus. the dna isolated from tumour tissue, peripheral blood buffy coat cells, mdv-infected tissue cultures, lymphoblastoid cell lines and feather follicle epithelium cells from mdv-infected birds elicited a negative response in transfection assays. the mdv dnas isolated did not activate the endogenous type c virus from cell cultu ...	1981	6266886
isolation of beta-globin-related genes from a human cosmid library.	a human gene library was constructed using an improved cloning technique for cosmid vectors. human placental dna was partially digested with restriction endonuclease mboi; size-fractionated and ligated to bamhi-cut and phosphatase-treated cosmid vector pjb8. after packaging in lambda phage particles, the recombinant dna was transduced into escherichia coli 1400 or hb101 followed by selection on ampicillin for recombinant e. coli. 150 000 recombinant-dna-containing colonies were screened for the ...	1981	6266915
a deletion analysis of lambda hybrid phage carrying the us region of herpes virus type 1 (patton). ii. construction of an smai map.	the 15.4 kb ecori-h fragment of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain patton, which contains the entire short unique (us) region, has been cloned in bacteriophage lambda. the fragment contains a terminal redundancy of about 900 bp that represents the s region terminal-repeat sequences. the restriction enzyme smai cleaves the ecori-h fragment at more than 30 sites. we have constructed an smai map of this fragment using thirteen isolates of lambda gtwes hybrid bacteriophage that carry various ...	1981	6266917
phage-lambda-mediated transduction of non-conjugative plasmids is promoted by transposons.		1981	6266920
structural studies of lambda transducing bacteriophage carrying bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid from the metbjlf region of the escherichia coli chromosome.	the structures of several lambda dmet and related lambda darg transducing phage were studied by restriction fragment mapping and electron microscopic measurements of homoduplexes and heteroduplexes. a new transducing phage (lambda dmet141), in which metf is the only functional gene of the cluster, was isolated. in contrast, lambda dmet117, which expresses the entire metbjlf cluster, has only 3 kilobases more bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) than lambda dmet141. an ecori restriction fragment ...	1981	6267016
purification and properties of the escherichia coli protein factor required for lambda integrative recombination.	a purified preparation of the escherichia coli integration host factor (ihf) displays two polypeptides of apparent molecular weight 11,000 and 9,500 when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. under nondenaturing conditions, ihf appears to exist as a 1:1 complex of these two polypeptides. integrative recombination takes place in vitro when purified ihf and purified int, a product of a bacteriophage lambda gene, are the only proteins added to rea ...	1981	6267068
interaction of the sigma factor and the nusa gene protein of e. coli with rna polymerase in the initiation-termination cycle of transcription.	the nusa gene protein of e. coli is involved in regulating termination of transcription in vivo. in vitro it causes termination of transcription in the tr2 region of the pr operon of bacteriophage lambda. we have now used a nusa-sepharose affinity column and gradient sedimentation experiments to show that the nusa protein binds directly, with great specificity, and with equimolar stoichiometry to the e. coli rna polymerase core enzyme beta beta' alpha 2. the rna polymerase sigma subunit is able ...	1981	6263495
site-specific deletions in the recombinant plasmid psc101 containing the redb-ori region of phage lambda.	large deletions occur in the hybrid plasmid formed by psc101 and the ecori fragment f2 of phage lambda (redb-ori region) under well defined growth conditions (bernardi and bernardi, 1980). we have sequenced the novel joints of the four deletions so obtained and shown that they have one endpoint in psc101, identical in all four cases, the other endpoint being located in four different lambda sequences. furthermore, the nucleotide sequences of the novel joints show homologies between the conserved ...	1981	6263749
restriction alleviation by bacteriophages lambda and lambda reverse.	deletion analysis indicated that the phage lambda restriction alleviation gene(s) ral resides between the ciii and n genes. the ral+ phenotype was expressed only when lambda ral+ carried a modification such that it was resistant to restriction by the host specificity system. under these conditions, ral function protected superinfecting unmodified phages from restriction by ecok or ecob but not from restriction by ecop1. ral-protected phage dna was not concomitantly k and b modified, but rather r ...	1981	6264133
is elements in bacteriophage lambda gene ci prevent expression of gene rex.	is5 inserted into gene ci of bacteriophage lambda greatly reduces the synthesis of rex protein. two other is insertions in ci are even more polar, but two amber mutations near the 5' end of ci allow normal expression of rex.	1981	6264145
purified lambda regulatory protein cii positively activates promoters for lysogenic development.	the bacteriophage lambda regulatory protein, cii, has been purified and shown to activate positively rna transcription from the two phage promoters which coordinately regulate phage lysogenic development. to obtain this protein, the cii gene was cloned into a plasmid vector carrying the strong, regulatable lambda phage promoter pl such that it was overproduced to levels approaching 5% of cellular protein.	1981	6264321
purified bacteriophage lambda o protein binds to four repeating sequences at the lambda replication origin.	the bacteriophage lambda o protein is needed for initiation of lambda dna replication. several lines of evidence suggest that initiation requires that this protein interacts with a specific sequence called ori (for origin) in lambda dna. we have purified this protein to near homogeneity and studied the protection against nuclease cleavage of the origin dna sequences. our data demonstrate that the o protein binds within an interval of about 95 base pairs (bp), which contains four tandemly arrange ...	1981	6264392
linkage of the four gamma subclass heavy chain genes.	the genes for the heavy-chain constant regions of the four gamma subclass immunoglobulins were identified in a set of overlapping mouse dna fragments representing about 100 kilobase pairs (kb) of the mouse genome that was cloned from bacteriophage lambda libraries of balb/c mouse embryo dna. r-loop mapping studies show that the genes are located 5'-c gamma 3-34 kb-c gamma 1-21 kb-c gamma 2b-15 kb-c gamma 2a-3' and lie in the same transcriptional orientation. two dna segments, one of 19 kb and an ...	1981	6264445
dna sequences similar to those around the simian virus 40 origin of replication are present in the monkey genome.	we report the molecular cloning of african green monkey genomic dna segments that include regions of homology to the origin of replication of simian virus 40 (sv40). three clearly different cloned segments 14 to 17 kilobase pairs (kb) long were isolated from a genomic library in lambda phage. we estimate that each of the three is repeated fewer than four times in the monkey genome. the sv40-like regions represent a small portion of the cloned segments, and these regions cross hybridize only weak ...	1981	6264457
hormone-responsive expression of an endogenous proviral gene of mouse mammary tumor virus after molecular cloning and gene transfer into cultured cells.	a recombinant lambda phage containing mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) proviral dna was isolated from a gene library constructed from gr mouse liver dna. restriction enzyme analyses reveal that the cloned molecule contains a copy of one of the gr endogenous mmtv proviruses flanked on both sides by 2--3 kb of mouse genomic dna. in this report we have examined the expression of the cloned mmtv provirus after cotransfection with the herpes thymidine kinase (tk; atp:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase,, ...	1981	6264458
the effect of tnm mutations of escherichia coli k12 on transposition of various movable genetic elements.	the effects of different tnm mutations on the transposition of tn3, tn5, tn10, tn601, and bacteriophage mu were studied. five tnm mutations were placed into three phenotypic classes. the representatives of the first class, tnm-1 and tnm-2, caused a complete block of transposition of all tn-elements studied; the representatives of the second class, tnm-3 and tnm-4, specifically affected tn9 transposition while the tnm-5 mutation attributed to the third class caused formation of cointegrates betwe ...	1981	6276687
molecular cloning of the uvrd gene of escherichia coli that controls ultraviolet sensitivity and spontaneous mutation frequency.	the uvrd gene of escherichia coli that controls uv sensitivity and spontaneous mutation frequency has been cloned with phage lambda as vector. the increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light (uv) of uvrd3, uvre502, recl152, and pdeb41 mutants, high mutability of uvrd3 and pdeb41 mutants, and conditional lethality of strain ts41 that carried pdeb41, pola1, and supl26 mutations were all suppressed by lysogenization of the mutant cells with lambda uvrd+. these results were consistent with the idea t ...	1981	6276691
construction and characterization of a tufa-lacz fusion coding for an e. coli ef-tu-beta-galactosidase chimeric protein.	a new phage lambda cloning vector was constructed that has a single ecori site upstream from weakly expressed laci-z gene isolated by müller-hill and kania (1974). an ecori fragment containing the complete tufa gene of e. coli was cloned on the vector and the recombinant phage was crossed into the str operon that has tufa as its last gene. subsequent selection gave rise to a tufa-lacz fusion that codes for a chimeric peptide. the fused peptide has a molecular weight of 148,000 and contains 40% o ...	1981	6276696
characterization of coliphage lambda hybrids carrying dna fragments from herpes simplex virus type 1 defective interfering particles.	we describe the characterization of 34 hybrid lambda bacteriophages carrying ecori fragments obtained from dna of defective interfering particles of the patton strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). all cloned fragments contained s region terminal repeat sequences (trs) fused to unique hsv-1 dna. several fragments contained deletions and rearrangements not described previously for dna of hsv-1 defective interfering particles. a model describing the generation of defective interfering dna ...	1981	6277739
multiply branched replicative intermediates in e. coli and bacteriophage lambda.	multiple branched dna fragments present in a fast sedimenting complex comprising a minute fraction of the e. coli genome have been isolated. similar structures were also observed among bacteriophage lambda dna replicative intermediates after infection of synchronized e. coli cells. these structures were found to be associated with the amino acid and thymidine starvation steps required for synchronization and originate either by initiation from secondary sites or by snap-back of daughter strands ...	1981	6278258
rho mutations restore lamb expression in e. coli k12 strains with an inactive malb region.	lamb, the structural gene for lambda receptor, is the second gene of the malk-lamb operon in the malb region of the escherichia coli k12 chromosome. lamb is essentially not expressed in the absence of an active malt gene product, the activator of the maltose regulon. a malt strain is resistant to phage lambda. we show that: (i) introduction of rho mutations in malt mutants restores lamb expression to a level sufficient to render the strain sensitive to phage lambda; (ii) this restoration is not ...	1981	6278260
primary structure of escherichia coli rna polymerase nucleotide substitution in the beta subunit gene of the rifampicin resistant rpob255 mutant.	the transducing phage lambda dsupm814 and the plasmid pib1830 containing the wild-type rpob gene have been constructed and the primary structure of the gene's central fragment has been established. in contrast with the wild-type, the gene of the rpob255 mutant, whose primary structure has been published, was found to contain an a.t. leads to t.a. transversion entailing the substitution of a valine residue for the aspartic acid residue (516) of the wild-type beta subunit.	1981	6278262
internal promoters of the rpobc operon of escherichia coli.	four ribosomal protein genes, rpla, rplj, rplk and rpll form an operon in e. coli together with the genes rpob and rpoc which encode the beta and beta' subunits of rna polymerase. transcription is initiated principally at two promoters, pl11 and pl, the overall structure of the operon being (in the direction of transcription) pl11 rplk rpla pl rplj rpll rpob rpoc. here we describe studies of phage lambda derivatives carrying various segments of this operon, which demonstrate the existence of at ...	1981	6278264
structure and expression of the hepatitis b virus genome.	by fusion of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) surface antigen (hbsag) gene to that of the e. coli lac z gene carried by a phage lambda derivative, expression of hbsag antigenic determinants was obtained and carried by a 138,000 dalton fusion polypeptide. such a protein could be ultimately useful for second generation vaccine production. hbsag gene expression was studied in eukaryotic cells using the mouse l cell (tk-) system. cotransformation using a plasmid carrying two copies of the hbv genome in a ...	1981	6281110
the gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones.	the gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones, chorionic gonadotropin (cg), luteinizing hormone (lh), follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), and thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), has been cloned in a bacteriophage lambda vector. restriction endonuclease digestion of total human dna suggests that the common alpha subunit is coded for by a single gene. three distinct polymorphic hybridization patterns have been observed for this gene in the human population. the ...	1981	6286817
role of the recf gene of escherichia coli k-12 in lambda recombination.	when escherichia coli k12(lambda) lysogens are infected with heteroimmune lambda phage, which are unable to replicate, general recombination between phage and prophage depends on the bacterial recf gene. it has been shown that in e. coli k12 postconjugational recombination, the recf pathway only works with full efficiency if exonuclease i is absent (clark 1973). however, results presented in this paper indicate that under conditions in which lambda replication is blocked, the recombination pathw ...	1981	6267423
influence of mutations at the rep gene on survival of escherichia coli following ultraviolet light irradiation or 8-methoxypsoralen photosensitization: evidence for a reca+ rep+-dependent pathway for repair of dna crosslinks.	bacteria mutant at the rep gene (specifying a dna-unwinding enzyme) were slightly more sensitive than rep+ bacteria to far ultraviolet light (ca. 254 nm; (fuv) and to monofunctional psoralen photoproducts produced with near ultraviolet light (ca. 360 nm; nuv). the enhanced sensitivity was shown in uvra excision-deficient bacteria but not in those carrying the reca mutation. it is concluded that the rep unwinding enzyme has a small promoting effect on post-replication recombination repair. rep- b ...	1981	6267459
molecular cloning and comparative analyses of the genomes of simian sarcoma virus and its associated helper virus.	closed circular viral dna of simian sarcoma virus (ssv) and simian sarcoma-associated virus (ssav) obtained from acutely infected dog cells was purified on preparative agarose gels, cleaved with ecori, and cloned in the phage lambda vector charon 21a. the cloned 9-kilobase ssav genome (b11) has the same restriction map as the bulk of the unintegrated linear ssav dna intermediate. heteroduplex analysis between an ssv clone (lambda-c60) and an ssav clone (lambda-b11) showed two substitution loops ...	1981	6267588
resolution of cointegrates between transposons gamma delta and tn3 defines the recombination site.	transposition of the genetically related insertion elements gamma delta and tn3 is thought to involve two steps. in the case of transposition from one replicon to another, the first step is fusion of the parent and target replicons with the element appearing in direct orientation at the two junctions. in a subsequent reaction, the cointegrate structure is resolved via a site-specific recombination event. i have constructed two plasmids, each carrying segments of gamma delta and tn3, that contain ...	1981	6267590
analysis of chromosome mobilization using hybrids between plasmid rp4 and a fragment of bacteriophage lambda carrying is1.		1981	6267631
[dna-methylase from arthrobacter luteus screens dna from the action of site-specific endonuclease alu i].	dna-methylase was isolated from a cell extract of a. luteus and partially purified by chromatography on phosphocellulose. the purified enzyme methylates dna of phage lambda and plasmids pbr322, thus making them resistant to a subsequent action of endonuclease alu i. it has been shown that cytosine is the object of methylation within dna. this modification does not screen dna from the action of site-specific endonucleases sal i, bam hi, ecor i, ecor ii, xho i and xho ii. it has been experimentall ...	1981	6268201
the genes for fifteen ribosomal proteins of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have isolated recombinant lambda phage carrying the genes for 14 of the ribosomal proteins of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. analysis of these and of the plasmid carrying the gene tcm1, which codes for the ribosomal protein responsible for resistance to trichodermin, demonstrates that in general the genes for ribosomal proteins are unlinked. one exceptional recombinant carries the genes for two ribosomal proteins within a 2-kilobase region. dna fragments bearing individual ribosomal prot ...	1981	6268628
mapping of alterations in noninfectious proviruses of spleen necrosis virus.	ten recombinant lambda phage containing proviruses of spleen necrosis virus (snv) were previously obtained. six of the proviruses are infectious and four are not infectious in infectious dna assays. in this paper, we show that these noninfectious proviruses are not infectious because of alterations in the viral dna. we constructed recombinants between infectious and noninfectious proviruses and tested these recombinants in an infectious dna assay. in addition, we carried out cotransfection of a ...	1981	6268804
cosmid cloning and transposon mutagenesis in salmonella typhimurium using phage lambda vehicles.	we have constructed a strain of salmonella typhimurium which contains the malb region from escherichia coli and carries the bacteriophage lambda receptor protein in its outer membrane. phage lambda adsorbs to this strain but cannot grow, thus providing a very useful system for transposon mutagenesis of s. typhimurium using lambda vehicles carrying transposons. this system can also be used for cosmid cloning.	1981	6268936
isolation and characterization of genomic clones covering the chicken vitellogenin gene.	a series of overlapping recombinant clones, which cover the vitellogenin gene, has been isolated from a phage-lambda linked chicken gene library. the dna of the overlapping clones spans 28 kb of contiguous dna sequences in the chicken genome. electron microscopic analysis of hybrids between vitellogenin mrna and the genomic clones indicates that the chicken vitellogenin gene has a length of approximately 22 kb, about 3.8 times the size of the mrna. the mrna sequence is interrupted by at least 33 ...	1981	6269078
isolation and characterization of the complete chicken beta-globin gene region: frequent deletion of the adult beta-globin genes in lambda.	a library of bacteriophage lambda clones containing chicken chromosomal dna was screened, using the adult beta-globin cdna plasmid phb 1001 as a probe. sixteen overlapping clones were isolated containing 35 kilobase pairs (kbp) of chicken dna. characterization of these clones revealed four beta-like globin genes, some genomically repeated sequences, but no pseudo-genes. the four beta-like genes have an average intergenic distance of less than half of that found for the mammalian beta-like globin ...	1981	6269092
structure and expression of human globin genes introduced into mouse fibroblasts.	the human delta- and beta-globin genes, contained in a recombinant bacteriophage (lambda h beta g1), were introduced into mouse fibroblasts by cotransformation with a plasmid (chi 1) containing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene using the calcium phosphate precipitation technique. a molar ratio of lambda h eta g1 to chi 1 dna of 3:1 was used. four of the eleven stable transformants obtained contained intact delta- and beta-globin genes as determined by southern blot analysis. to assess met ...	1981	6270097
transcriptional and translational mapping of a 6.6-kilobase-pair dna fragment containing the junction of the terminal repetition and unique sequence at the left end of the vaccinia virus genome.	the penultimate ecori fragments from the left and right ends of the vaccinia virus genomes were cloned in phage lambda. heteroduplex analysis and comparison of restriction fragments indicated that the inverted terminal repetition extended 780 base pairs (bp) beyond the ecori site or about 9,800 bp from each end of the genome. detailed physical, transcriptional, and translational maps of the 6,600-bp left penultimate ecori fragment were prepared so as to extend previous maps of the 9,000-bp termi ...	1981	6270347
recombinant bacteriophages containing the integrated transforming provirus of gardner--arnstein feline sarcoma virus.	the integrated dna provirus of the gardner-arnstein (ga) strain of feline sarcoma virus (fesv) was molecularly cloned in a bacteriophage lambda vector. the cloned dna fragment is 14.4 kilobase pairs long and contains a 6.7-kilobase provirus flanked by cellular sequences derived from nonproductively transformed mink cells. transfection of mouse nih/3t3 cells with the cloned dna fragment induced foci of transformation at efficiencies of 10(4) focus-forming units/pmol of sarcoma virus dna. restrict ...	1981	6270655
molecular cloning and partial characterization of unintegrated linear dna from gibbon ape leukemia virus.	we have cloned the complete genome of an oncogenic primate retrovirus, the san francisco isolate of gibbon ape leukemia virus, in a lambda phage vector. dna sequence analysis and restriction endonuclease mapping of the inserted linear provirus demonstrated 9-base pair inverted repeats at its ends, flanking direct terminal repeats 470 base pairs in length. the (-) strong stop region of this dna showed surprisingly low sequence homology to that of another gibbon ape leukemia virus isolate from an ...	1981	6270662
substitution of silent bacterial genes by a bacteriophage lambda variant carrying is1.		1981	6271468
genesis and natural history of is-mediated transposons.	the natural genesis of is1-mediated transposons containing the genetic determinant cat for chloramphenicol resistance is documented. first, the small plasmid pbr325 containing the cat gene served as a target in is1-mediated transpositional cointegration with the genome of bacteriophage p1, which was the source of the is1. from the resulting pbr325:p1 plasmids, pbr325::is1 segregants were isolated. upon growth of a phage lambda derivative in the presence of this plasmid, rare plaque-forming lambd ...	1981	6271475
strand exchange in lambda integrative recombination: genetics, biochemistry, and models.	we have asked, "what is the mechanism of strand exchange during site-specific recombination of phage lambda?" crosses carried out in vivo have shown that the recombination joint can be extended rather than flush and that the four-strand breaks and rejoinings needed to from a recombinant can occur asynchronously. crosses carried out in vitro have shown that all the nucleotides at the site of crossover are conserved during recombination, as are most or all of the superhelical turns present in the ...	1981	6271487
regulation of the integration-excision reaction by bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6271488
two-dimensional display of lambda and escherichia coli restriction fragments separated by hg-cs2so4 centrifugation and gel electrophoresis.	ecori restriction fragments derived from the dna of bacteriophage lambda and escherichia coli were fractionated by density gradient centrifugation of their mercury complexes in cs2so4 and subsequent electrophoresis on a horizontal agarose-gel slab. in this two-dimensional display, lambda fragments were resolved into six components and e coli fragments into more than 108 components. bacterial chromosome regions contiguous to lambda prophage integrated at different sites were amplified by inductio ...	1981	6271626
plasmid vectors for high-efficiency expression controlled by the pl promoter of coliphage lambda.		1981	6271633
characterization of the nuclear ribosomal dna of euglena gracilis.	a phage lambda recombinant library containing euglena gracilis genomic dna was screened for nuclear rdna sequences. a recombinant phage was isolated that contained an 11.5-kb nuclear rdna sequence. the 11.5-kb insert was mapped with restriction endonucleases and was shown to represent a complete rdna repeat unit that carried the genes for the 19s, 25s, 5.8 s and 5 s cytoplasmic rrnas. the 2000 rdna repeat units per haploid genome are organized in the form of identical tandem repeats.	1981	6271644
cloned fragments of human adenovirus type-12 dna.	the following restriction endonuclease fragments of human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) dna have been cloned in plasmid or bacteriophage lambda vectors using standard protocols: the ecori-a, -b, -d, -e, and -f fragments, the bamhi-b, -c, -d, -f, -g, -h, and -i fragments, the hindiii-f and -i fragments, and the psti-a, -d, -f, -g, and -h fragments. the ecori-a fragment comprises the right terminal 5 kb of ad12 dna including the terminal 143 bp.	1981	6271646
new nalidixic acid resistance mutations related to deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity.	in escherichia coli k-12 mutants which had a new nalidixic acid resistance mutation at about 82 min on the chromosome map, cell growth was resistant to or hypersusceptible to nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, pipemidic acid, and novobiocin. deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase activity as tested by supercoiling of lambda phage deoxyribonucleic acid inside the mutants was similarly resistant or hypersusceptible to the compounds. the drug concentrations required for gyrase inhibition were muc ...	1981	6271730
the detection of dna tumour virus-specific rna sequences in abnormal human cervical biopsies by in situ hybridization.	we have used the technique of in situ nucleic acid hybridization and autoradiography of thin frozen sections of human tissue to search for virus rna sequences in human cervical tumours. of cervical biopsies with abnormal cytology, 67% bound herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv2) 3h-labelled dna probes and 39% bound adenovirus type 2 (ad2) 3h-labelled dna probes, whereas control experiments with phage lambda 3h-labelled dna probes, under the same conditions, bound to only 7% of cases. in contrast, no ...	1981	6271899
identification of the e. coli gronb(nusb) gene product.	the e. coli gronb(nusb) gene product has been previously shown to be necessary for bacteriophage lambda n protein function. the product of the gronb gene has been identified on sds polyacrylamide gels after infection of uv-irradiated e. coli cells with various lambda gronb+ transducing phage derivatives. it is a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 daltons. transducing phage carrying either a deletion or an amber mutation in the gronb gene fail to synthesize the 14,000-mr poly ...	1981	6272060
identification of the nusb gene product of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli nusb mutants fail to support the activity of a phage lambda gene product, pn, which regulates phage gene expression by influencing transcription termination. we report the identification of the nusb protein on sds-polyacrylamide gels as a 14,500 dalton protein.	1981	6272065
sedimentation velocity of dna in isokinetic sucrose gradients: calibration against molecular weight using fragments of defined length.	the relationship between sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight for dna sedimenting in preformed alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients was determined using absolute molecular weight standards (restriction fragments of plasmid pbr322 and phage lambda dna). the range of calibration for alkaline gradients was extended to small dna fragments (652 base-pairs) for the first time. the exponent b in the equation s20 degrees, w = amb was found to be 0.380 in neutral gradients and 0.410 in alkali ...	1981	6272206
structure of the baboon endogenous virus genome: cloning of circular virus dna in bacteriophage lambda.	linear, small and large circular forms of unintegrated viral dnas were detected in hirt supernatant fraction of human cultured cells infected with baboon endogenous virus m7. the circular m7 dnas were cloned in bacteriophage lambda, charon 28. seventeen independent clones were isolated and analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping. nine clones were carrying a viral sequence of 8.6 kilobase pairs (kb) with two tandem repeats of 0.6 kb, which correspond to the large circular form of the uninteg ...	1981	6272227
molecular cloning and amplification of the adenylate cyclase gene.	a segment of dna containing cya, the gene for adenylate cyclase [atp pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), ec 4.6.1.1], has been isolated from salmonella typhimurium. the phage lambda gt4 was used as a cloning vector and adenylate cyclase-positive hybrid phages were isolated that complemented adenylate cyclase-negative bacteria. the cloned dna fragment encodes a polypeptide of molecular weight 81,000 that gives rise to adenylate cyclase activity. this protein represents a functional mutant of the bac ...	1981	6272270
[artificial tn2551 transposon with replicative properties].	a hybrid plasmid, pbe10 was constructed. it consists of dnas of rsf2124 (cole1 :: tn3) plasmid and pub110 plasmid of staphylococcus aureus. the latter can be stably maintained in bacillus subtilis. bamhi cleaved pub110 was introduced into the bamhi site of transposon tn3 and the resulting enlarged tn3 (tn2551) was transposed from pbe10 onto phage lambda and than to pmb9 (tc) and rsf1010(sm su) plasmids. restriction and heteroduplex analysis of pmb9 :: tn2551(pbe21) and rsf1010 :: :: tn2551(pbe32 ...	1981	6273258
molecular structures of packageable cole1 hybrids and the generation of deletion mutants from one of the hybrids.	cole1 derivatives carrying cohesive end sites of lambda phage genome (= cos lambda) can be packaged within lambda phage particles. the dna structure of the prototype cole1-cos lambda derivative named pky2257 was studied because of its potential usefulness in various fields in molecular biology. pky2257, which carries an intact galactose operon of e. coli, is a convenient replicon to detect tn3 translocation. it was found that one of the pk2257::tn3 derivatives, pky2113, generated various small p ...	1981	6273391
beta protein of bacteriophage lambda promotes renaturation of dna.	the protein encoded by the red beta gene of bacteriophage lambda was found to promote reannealing of complementary single strands of dna. reannealing activity was optimal at ph 6.0 and required a divalent cation. a threshold temperature of at least 15 degrees c was necessary in order to detect activity. the reaction was linear with time for about 20 min, but the extent of reaction was dependent upon the amount of beta protein added. reannealing of complementary single strands was confirmed by me ...	1981	6273399
clai. a new restriction endonuclease from caryophanon latum l.	from caryophanon latum l site specific restriction endonuclease (clai) has been purified, which recognises tha dna hexanucleotide palindrome 5'-a-t-c-g-a-t-3'. staggered cleavage generates dna restriction fragments with 5'-terminal pcg extensions. a clai map of bacteriophage lambda has been determined, which indicates cleavage inhibition due to adenine methylation at over lapping clai-gatc recognition sequences. plasmid pbr322 is cut only once, in the tetracycline promoter region, and can, there ...	1981	6273788
interspersed repeated sequences in the african green monkey genome that are homologous to the human alu family.	the dominant family of interspersed repetitive dna sequences in the human genome has been termed the alu family. we have found that more than 75% of the lambda phage in a recombinant library representing an african green monkey genome hybridize with a human alu sequence under stringent conditions. a group of clones selected from the monkey library with probes other than the alu sequence were analyzed for the presence and distribution of alu family sequences. the analyses confirm the abundance of ...	1981	6273798
clonal analysis of early and late stages of erythroleukemia induced by molecular clones of integrated spleen focus-forming virus.	the integrated proviral dna of the polycythemia-inducing isolate of friend spleen focus-forming virus (sffvp) has been identified in rat cell clones nonproductively infected with this replication-defective erythroleukemia virus and cloned in phage lambda vectors. these lambda sffvp recombinants, lambda sffvp502 and lambda sffvp542, contain endonuclease ecori inserts of size 7.4 and 8.2 kilobases, respectively, and include full copies of the sffvp genome, along with host flanking sequences. infec ...	1981	6273894
[lambda h-lambda t 80 hybrid study of the dna structural gene region in lambda and phi 80 phages].	hybrids lambda h lambda t80 are formed due to recombination of the phage lambda att80 and phi 80 prophage partially deleted in the region of structural genes. genetic structure of 22 independently isolated lambda h lambda t80 hybrids was determined by the restriction method and it was shown that recombination took place in the genes a, c, d and h. the frequencies of hybrid formation diminish from 1.10(-3) to 4.10(-5) for this gene order, which suggests that the polar divergence of nucleotide seq ...	1981	6274738
structural organization and biological activity of molecular clones of the integrated genome of a balb/c mouse sarcoma virus.	balb/c mouse sarcoma virus (balb-msv) is a spontaneously occurring transforming retrovirus of mouse origin. the integrated form of the viral genome was cloned from the dna of a balb-msv-transformed nonproducer nrk cell line in the charon 9 strain of bacteriophage lambda. in transfection assays, the 19-kilobase-pair (kbp) recombinant dna clone transformed nih/3t3 mouse cells with an efficiency of 3 x 10(4) focus-forming units per pmol. such transformants possessed typical balb-msv morphology and ...	1981	6275097
isolation of recombinant dna clones carrying complete integrated proviruses of moloney murine leukemia virus.	ecori dna fragments from a moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv)-infected mouse fibroblast line (m-mulv clone a9) were cloned in lambda phage charon 4a cloning vector to derive clones containing integrated m-mulv proviral dna. a 10- to 16-megadalton class of ecori fragments was chosen for cloning, based on (i) its ability to induce xc-positive virus upon transfection of nih/3t3 cells, and (ii) its content of a 0.8-megadalton viral kpni fragment diagnostic for m-mulv. six recombinant dna clones ...	1981	6260972
nucleotide sequence of the chi recombinational hot spot chi +d in bacteriophage lambda.	chi sites in bacteriophage lambda stimulate recombination promoted by the recbc pathway of escherichia coli. mutations which create these sites occur at four widely separated loci in lambda. we report here the nucleotide sequence surrounding the site of one of these loci, chi d, located near the s gene. the mutations creating the active chi site, designated chi +d, are transversions from cg to at. this mutation, like the chi +b and chi +c mutations previously analyzed, leads to a nucleotide sequ ...	1981	6260986
direct role of the hima gene product in phage lambda integration.	the integration of phage lambda into the escherichia coli chromosome is accomplished by a site-specific recombination between two unique dna sequences (attb on the bacterial genome and attp on the phage; reviewed in refs 2, 3) and requires proteins encoded by both the bacterium and the phage. genetic and biochemical studies have shown that bacterial strains mutant in the hima gene, located at 38 min on the e. coli map, are defective in the activity of the host-encoded component. they are, moreov ...	1981	6261146
alkaline gel electrophoresis of deoxyribonucleic acid photoreacted with trimethylpsoralen: rapid and sensitive detection of interstrand cross-links.	restriction fragments of phage lambda and phi x174 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) were photoreacted with 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen to various extents, and the amount of covalent cross-linking was determined by electron microscopy of the dna under totally denaturing conditions. the dna was then analyzed by electrophoresis in alkaline agarose gels. a single cross-link in a dna molecule produced a large decrease in its electrophoretic mobility. with dna fragments 0.3--4 kilobase pairs in size, the appa ...	1981	6261794
[genetic study of escherichia coli k-12 mutations that affect the transposition process].	results of genetic analysis of bacterial tnm mutations influencing transposition of tn9 are presented. five independent tnm mutations were mapped at 90,5 min of the e. coli genetic map. the tnm mutations were 3,5 and 46,5% contransducible with meta and malb markers, respectively. two tnm mutations tested were recessive in tnm+/tnm- merodiploids. the effect of tnm mutations on other transposons--tn10, tn601, tn3 and tn5 was examined. it was shown that tnm1 and tnm2 mutations reduced the frequency ...	1981	6262191
cloning and expression of the pst i restriction-modification system in escherichia coli.	here we report the cloning and preliminary characterization of the pst i restriction-modification system of providencia stuartii 164. transformants of escherichia coli carrying the pst i gene system inserted into the cloning vector pbr322 were selected on the basis of acquired resistance to bacteriophage lambda infection. pst i endonuclease was detected in osmotic shock fluid from each of the resistant clones. plasmid and chromosomal dna from these clones could not be digested by pst i, indicati ...	1981	6262807
presence of a highly repetitive and widely dispersed dna sequence in the human genome.	a genomic dna library consisting of human dna fragments about 18 kilobases long cloned in a bacteriophage lambda vector was found to contain a specific repeated dna segment. the repeated sequence is present in greater than 95% of the genomic library, and selected clones contain at least two copies of the sequence. our experiments indicate that this highly repetitive sequence (approximately 400,000 copies per haploid genome) is widely distributed in the human genome and is represented in the cyto ...	1981	6262808
cloning of cdna of major antigen of foot and mouth disease virus and expression in e. coli.	double-stranded dna copies of the single-stranded genomic rna of foot and mouth disease virus have been cloned into the escherichia coli plasmid pbr322. a restriction map of the viral genome was established and aligned with the biochemical map of foot and mouth disease virus. the coding sequence for structural protein vp1, the major antigen of the virus, was identified and inserted into a plasmid vector where the expression of this sequence is under control of the phage lambda pl promoter. in an ...	1981	6258084
cloned mouse mammary tumor virus dna is biologically active in transfected mouse cells and its expression is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones.	we have cloned circular unintegrated mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) dna from infected rat hepatoma cells in bacteriophage lambda. seven independent clones containing mmtv dna of homogeneous length of 9 kb (five) or 10 kb (two) were identified. the five 9 kb clones had identical restriction maps consistent with that of 9 kb unintegrated dna; the other two were aberrant. mmtv dna inserts were purified, ligated and used for cotransfection of ltk- cells together with a plasmid containing the thymi ...	1981	6258799
the leftward promoter of bacteriophage lambda. isolation on a small restriction fragment and deletion of adjacent regions.	as part of our investigations on the relationship between dna structure and gene regulation, a 352-base pair hae iii fragment was cloned containing the leftward operator-promoter (pl) region of bacteriophage lambda. this was accomplished without the aid of a phenotypic assay for the cloned fragment. a hae iii digest of a segment of the lambda genome was first fractionated by rpc-5 column chromatography. the partially purified pl fragment was then ligated into the eco ri site of the pbr322 plasmi ...	1981	6257696
isolation and characterization of cloned dna: the delta and beta globin genes in homozygous beta + thalassemia.	we have isolated and characterized a clone of human dna from a patient with beta+ thalassemia containing the entire delta and beta structural genes and their flanking sequences. partial eco ri digestion of spleen dna was used to obtain 15 to 20 kilobase (kb) pieces of human dna that were then ligated to charon 4a lambda phage dna. the 8 x 10(5) recombinants obtained were grown and screened for their content of beta gene sequences. four positive clones were found, and one (beta t1-1) has been ext ...	1981	6256028
specific-purpose plasmid cloning vectors. i. low copy number, temperature-sensitive, mobilization-defective psc101-derived containment vectors.	two cloning vector plasmids, phsg415 (7100 bp) and a lambda phage cos site-containing derivative (cosmid) thereof, phsg422 (8760 bp), were constructed from a low copy number plasmid (psc101) replicon to permit the propagation of cloned dna segments at low gene dosage levels. two features of the vectors, namely temperature sensitivity of replication and inability to be mobilized by conjugative plasmids, cause them to exhibit a high level of "biological containment". the essential characteristics ...	1981	6282694
sphi restriction map of bacteriophage lambda dna.		1981	6282698
site-specific recombination xis-independent excisive recombination of bacteriophage lambda.		1981	6279866
plasmid vectors capable of transferring large dna fragments to yeast.	we have constructed several cloning vectors which can be used in vitro packaging and yeast transformation. these plasmids have been designed for the convenient cloning of large segments of dna and their transfer to yeast. they contain bacterial plasmid dna sequences for replication and selection in escherichia coli, yeast 2-microns plasmid dna sequences or chromosomal replicators and yeast markers necessary for replication and selection in yeast, and the cohesive ends of bacteriophage lambda whi ...	1981	6299664
organization and structure of an e. coli trna operon containing seven trna genes.	the structure and organization on the escherichia coli chromosome of the gene cluster coding for two methionine trnas (trnammet), four glutamine trnas (two trna1gln and two trna2gln), and a previously unidentified trna (called trnax) have been studied by restriction enzyme analysis and dna sequencing, utilizing a specialized transducing bacteriophage (lambda psu degrees 2) carrying the supb-supe region. from the sequence analysis, the previously unidentified trna has been shown to have an antico ...	1981	6163550
detection of rna complementary to herpes simplex virus dna in human cervical squamous cell neoplasms.	nonneoplastic and neoplastic cervical biopsy specimens were examined by in situ hybridization to 125i-labeled dna of herpes simplex virus (hsv), adenovirus, and bacteriophage lambda dna's, and quantitative hybridization data were obtained using a video image analyser. hsv-specific rna was detected in 72% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 60% of squamous cervical carcinomas, 2% of nonneoplastic cervices, and 9% of primary adenocarcinomas of the cervix. none of the tissues gave positive hybri ...	1981	6167349
physical characterization of the ilvhi operon of escherichia coli k-12.	the ilvhi and leu genes of escherichia coli k-12 are contained on a single 10.9-kilobase ecori fragment of deoxyribonucleic acid derived from the leu transducing phage lambda g4. since the expression of all of these genes is controlled by leucine, we investigated whether they are part of single operon or whether they constitute separate but adjacent operons controlled from a common site. both cloning and hybridization studies indicated that ilvhi and leu are distinct operons. they are transcribe ...	1981	6168634
degradation of ribosomal rna in bacteriophage lambda lysogens after thermal induction.	stable rna of escherichia coli was extensively degraded about 40 min after thermal induction of lysogenized lambda ci857 phages at 42 degrees c. when several nuclease-deficient host cells were tested, rnase i activity in the host cells was inferred to be involved in the rna degradation. ribosomal structure was detectably altered before the degradation of ribosomal rna was observed. 30s and 50s subunits began to sediment at 25-28s and 45-58s, respectively, still containing intact rna. nonpermissi ...	1981	6168891
synthesis of human interferon beta 1 in escherichia coli infected by a lambda phage recombinant containing a human genomic fragment.	dna from a human adult was fragmented by partial digestion with restriction endonuclease ecori and cloned in lambda charon 4a. clone c15, with a human dna insert of 17 x 10(3) bases, was identified as containing a gene for the fibroblast interferon, interferon beta 1. restriction mapping shows that this gene, located on a 1840-base ecori fragment, is not interrupted by introns. moreover, we show that this human genomic dna fragment is able to direct the synthesis of active human interferon beta ...	1981	6171427
rna splicing mutation in an aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin lambda i gene.	the mouse cell line mopc 315 is an iga (lambda ii)-producing myeloma. we have studied a derivative of mopc 315 that secretes normal lambda ii chains but no heavy chain. this derivative, mopc 315-26, was found to contain a rearranged lambda i gene in addition to a rearranged lambda ii gene. the rearranged lambda i gene was cloned into bacteriophage lambda dna and its structure was studied. the lambda i gene was found to have arisen by an aberrant recombination event that resulted in a single base ...	1981	6171827
isolation and characterization of a human fibroblast interferon gene and its expression in escherichia coli.	human fibroblasts were induced for interferon synthesis, and the mrna coding for interferon was partially purified. on this basis, double-stranded dna copies were synthesized enzymatically and were inserted into cloning vehicles. a large collection of colonies containing chimeric plasmids was obtained. an rna selection method was used for the identification of several individual clones containing the human fibroblast interferon (ifn-beta) cdna. from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned structur ...	1981	6177026
rat alpha 2u globulin is encoded by a multigene family.	the hormonally responsive rat liver protein designated alpha 2u globulin is encoded by a multigene family. southern blot hybridization analysis, and solution hybridization using a cloned alpha 2u globulin cdna, indicate the presence of 18-20 alpha 2u globulin genes per haploid genome. in situ hybridization to rat metaphase chromosomes, using 125i-labeled alpha 2u globulin cdna, indicates that most, and perhaps all, of the alpha 2u globulin genes are clustered on chromosome 5. several alpha 2u gl ...	1981	6180115
nitrogen regulatory locus "glnr" of enteric bacteria is composed of cistrons ntrb and ntrc: identification of their protein products.	the nitrogen regulatory locus "glnr" of escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium is composed of two cistrons, which we propose to call ntrb and ntrc (nitrogen regulation b and c). frameshift mutations in ntrb and ntrc were isolated on a lambda phage that carries the e. coli ntrb and ntrc genes and the closely linked glna gene, the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase [l-glutamate:ammonia ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.3.1.2]; mutations were selected as suppressors of glnf (which we propo ...	1981	6113591
structure of the scaffold in bacteriophage lambda preheads removal of the scaffold leads to a change of the prehead shell.		1981	6211549
two-step cloning of the escherichia coli regulatory gene ompb, employing phage mu.	it is difficult to clone directly some regulatory or structural genes on the basis of their functions, because of their obscure properties or the leakiness of their mutants. to overcome this problem, a two-step cloning method with use of phage mu was developed and applied to cloning of the ompb gene, an obscure regulatory gene for major outer membrane proteins of escherichia coli. the ompb gene was first inactivated by phage mu insertion, and the approximately 25-kilobase (kb) ecori fragment, wh ...	1981	6213730
isolation and fine structure organisation of an avian vitellogenin gene coding for the major estrogen-inducible mrna.	two phage lambda recombinant dna clones covering the entire sequence of an avian vitellogenin gene, plus flanking regions, have been isolated from an erythrocyte dna gene library and characterized by r-loop and restriction mapping. the total length of this avian vitellogenin gene is 23 kb. the cloned sequences flanking the gene at the 5' and 3' end are 7 and 3 kb, respectively. the total length of exons in the two clones is 6.7 kb (vitellogenin mrna is 6.6 kb). the gene is interrupted by at leas ...	1981	6211392
antitermination and termination functions of the cloned nutl, n, and tl1 modules of coliphage lambda.	a plasmid containing a pp-galk operon was constructed to assay galk expression as a measure of transcriptional regulation by the cloned nutl, n and tl1 modules in a rho+, nus+ escherichia coli host. insertion of tl1 and rut, both carried on a lambda fragment located between the bamhi site and gene n, between the promoter and galk reduced expression of galk by 80--90%. gene n alone, when controlled by pp, stimulated galk expression by about two-fold. cloning of both gene n and nutl in the proper ...	1981	6211393
new genes in the left arm of the bacteriophage phi 80 chromosome.	we describe the isolation and partial genetic characterization of 247 amber (suppressor-sensitive) mutants of temperate bacteriophage phi 80 of escherichia coli. of these 247 mutants, the mutations of 201 mapped to the left arm of the phi 809 chromosome and the mutations of 39 mapped to the right arm of the genome. complementation tests among these and previously described left arm mutants defined five additional genes in the left arm of the chromosome. the positions of these genes are consisten ...	1981	7230327
selection and analysis of cloned developmentally-regulated dictyostelium discoideum genes by hybridization-competition.	we describe a new technique for selection of cloned gene segments which are expressed preferentially at one developmental stage but at a relatively low level. a nitrocellulose filter replica of plaques of lambda phage which contain approximately 8 kb inserts of genomic dna is prepared; it is hybridized with a small amount of [32p] labeled mrna prepared from one developmental stage, in the presence of a several-hundred fold excess of competitor rna from a different stage. we show that clones of d ...	1981	7232208