Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the herpes simplex virus us11 open reading frame encodes a sequence-specific rna-binding protein. | herpes simplex virus 1- and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2)-infected cell extracts but not uninfected cell extracts contain an rna-binding activity for an in vitro-transcribed sequence from the domains of the hsv-1 us11 and alpha 47 genes. the transcript of this sequence has not been detected in infected cells. the binding is sequence and secondary structure specific and protects approximately 95 nucleotides from rnase digestion. analyses of hsv-1 x hsv-2 recombinants and hsv-1 deletion mutants mapped the f ... | 1990 | 2161949 |
| treatment of primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 induced meningitis with acyclovir. | we describe therapy with acyclovir in 1 patient with acute meningitis induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and in 1 patient with ascending myelitis in connection with meningitis after a primary genital hsv-2 infection. in addition, intermittent or continuous acyclovir prophylaxis against meningitis was employed in 3 patients with recurrent meningitis of probable hsv-2 etiology. possible beneficial effects of the treatment were seen. | 1990 | 2162558 |
| inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 2 growth by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. | phosphorothioate homo-oligodeoxynucleotides were found to be potent inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) but less potent for hsv-1 in cell culture studies. oligomers with longer chain lengths were more active against hsv-2 than those with shorter ones. of all the compounds examined, the 28-mer phosphorothioate homo-oligodeoxynucleotides were the strongest inhibitors of hsv-2. the degree of inhibition was related to the base moiety on the order of deoxycytidine = thymidine greater th ... | 1990 | 2163243 |
| adenovirus infection in patients with kawasaki disease. | two outbreaks of kawasaki disease at different times and areas (kyoto in 1982 and sapporo in 1985) of japan were studied retrospectively for the presence of antibodies to adenoviruses and herpesviruses. only 2 of 12 (16.7%) consecutive acute phase sera of patients from the outbreak in 1982 and 1 of 10 (10.0%) sera from 1985 showed positive antibodies for the common adenovirus antigen by a complement fixation (cf) test, whereas 10 of 16 (62.5%) age- and sex-matched controls during the outbreak of ... | 1990 | 2173738 |
| analysis of the role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic antibody activity in murine neonatal herpes simplex virus infection with antibodies to synthetic peptides of glycoprotein d and monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein b. | the role of antibody in neonatal herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection remains controversial. a battery of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies to hsv glycoprotein b (gb), and polyclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides of predicted epitopes of hsv glycoprotein d (gd) were used to determine in vitro functional activity and association with protection against lethal infection in a murine model of neonatal hsv disease. antiviral neutralization activity of hsv was not associated with antibo ... | 1990 | 2164044 |
| risk factors for cervical human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus infections in greenland and denmark: a population-based study. | risk factors for genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6/11 and 16/18 and any hpv type as well as for herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infections were investigated in a population-based study of 1,600 randomly selected women (20-39 years) from godthåb (native, nuuk), greenland, and nykøbing falster, denmark. a total of 586 greenlandic women and 661 danish women were included, respectively. they all had a personal interview and a gynecologic examination with cervical smear and swab for hpv ... | 1990 | 2156420 |
| genomic variation of herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates analysed by hybridization after electroblotting from polyacrylamide gels. | genomic variation of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) strains was analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and subsequent hybridization to cloned hsv-2 sequences. two probes were used, one from the l-segment and one from the s-segment of the hsv-2 genome. the probes did not contain a-repeat sequences. hybridization to the specific sequences in individual dna fragments obtained by use of the frequently cleaving restriction endonuclease alu i revealed variations in the genome not ... | 1990 | 2164145 |
| sero-epidemiological and -sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infection in the world. | a newly developed herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2 enzyme immunoassay has been applied to over 40,000 sera from different populations in the us and 17 other countries on all 5 continents. the hsv-1 antibody patterns found permit the current and past socioeconomic status, as well as the extent of oral-genital sexual contact, to be deduced for various populations. the hsv-2 antibody results provide an objective measure of various aspects of sexual behavior: extent of polypartnerism in ... | 1990 | 2175939 |
| a prospective evaluation of primary genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections acquired during pregnancy. | in order to study the epidemiology of herpes simplex type 2 (hsv-2) infections during pregnancy, we used an enzyme immunoassay to detect type-specific antibodies to hsv-2 glycoprotein g in serial blood samples obtained from a cohort of 1891 pregnant women. blood samples obtained at about 17 and 32 weeks of gestation and at the time of delivery were assessed for antibody to hsv-2 glycoprotein g in order to evaluate the prevalence of past infections with hsv-2 and the rate of acquisition of hsv-2 ... | 1990 | 2164656 |
| nucleocapsid, nuclear association, and genome location of the herpes simplex virus type 2 38-kd dna-binding protein. | a previously-described herpes simplex virus type 2 dna-binding protein with a molecular size of 38 kd has been further characterized. using purified nucleocapsids, a dnase release assay, and intertypic recombinants, this protein was found to be a component of the nucleocapsid, intimately associated with the nuclear matrix, and encoded between 0.605 and 0.720 on the herpes simplex virus type 2 genome. | 1990 | 2165049 |
| the jh2604 deletion variant of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hg52) fails to produce necrotizing encephalitis following intracranial inoculation of mice. | the pathological changes and distribution of virus antigen in mouse brains were studied following intracranial inoculation of 3 week old balb/c mice with the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 strain hg52 and its deletion variant jh2604. the variant jh2604 failed to produce necrotizing encephalitis compared to the parental hg52. the morphological changes induced in jh2604-infected brains consisted of localized perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes and infiltration by immune cells. immunohistochemic ... | 1990 | 2165139 |
| epidemiology of genital herpes in pittsburgh: serologic, sexual, and racial correlates of apparent and inapparent herpes simplex infections. | women attending family planning clinics in western pennsylvania were enrolled into a prospective epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. detection of antibodies to hsv-1 and hsv-2 was based on an immunodot assay using type-specific glycoproteins gg-1 and gg-2. serologic and historical data at enrollment were analyzed for 4527 subjects; the seroprevalence of hsv-2 was 21.6%. by multivariate analysis, hsv-2 infection as determined by seroprevalence was significantly and indepe ... | 1990 | 2165102 |
| a cross-sectional study of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in college students: occurrence and determinants of infection. | occurrence rates and determinants of infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) were measured in first- and fourth-year undergraduate students at a state university. this cross-sectional multistage probability sample survey included sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior patterns, disease history, and hsv type-specific antibody status. the prevalence of hsv-1 antibody was 37.2% in freshmen and 46.1% in fourth-year students; that for hsv-2 antibody was 0.4% and ... | 1990 | 2165103 |
| search for herpes simplex virus 2 and human papillomavirus genetic expression in vulvar neoplasia. | specimens from vulvar carcinomas and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin) of various degrees were analyzed for the presence of herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv 2) and human papillomavirus (hpv) genetic information. a search for the hpv 16 e6 protein as well as the hsv 2 antigenic determinant la1 and icsp 11/12 protein was carried out with an immunoperoxidase assay on 12 vulvar carcinomas and 6 vins. seven invasive cancers and four vins were screened for the presence of homology to hpv 16 dna and hs ... | 1990 | 2178189 |
| reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus by adenovirus recombinants encoding mutant ie-0 gene products. | we have previously shown that adenovirus recombinants expressing functional icp0 reactivate latent herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) in an in vitro latency system. this study demonstrated that icp0, independent of other hsv gene products, is sufficient to reactivate latent hsv-2 in this in vitro system. to assess the effects of defined mutations in the sequence encoding icp0 (ie-0) on reactivation, seven in-frame insertion and three in-frame deletion mutants were moved into an adenovirus expre ... | 1990 | 2166826 |
| escherichia coli-derived envelope protein gd but not gc antigens of herpes simplex virus protect mice against a lethal challenge with hsv-1 and hsv-2. | immunization studies with hsv-1 and hsv-2 envelope proteins expressed in escherichia coli were performed. after active immunization of mice with a gd-1 antigen (leu53-ala312) expressed as a fusion protein, the animals were protected from a lethal challenge with hsv-1 and hsv-2. in addition, antisera from rabbits immunized with the same gd-1 antigen also conferred passive immunity to mice against a challenge infection with either hsv-1 or hsv-2. in contrast to these successful gd-1 protection exp ... | 1990 | 2169577 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 and other genital ulcerative infections as a risk factor for hiv-1 acquisition. | we studied the role of genital ulcerative infections for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in a cohort of 989 homosexual men in amsterdam between october 1984 and december 1988. among 53 hiv-1 seroconverters serological and anamnestic data were gathered regarding herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and syphilis in the 6 months before seroconversion. for statistical analysis a control who remained seronegative during the same interval was selected at random for ... | 1990 | 2245979 |
| genital herpes simplex virus infections. | there has been a dramatic increase in patient visits to physicians for evaluation and treatment of genital herpes infections. this has resulted in part from an increase in genital herpes infections, particularly severe, first-episode genital herpes infections in adults without prior hsv-1 infection. virus culture remains the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosis, and use of viral cultures is encouraged. type-specific antibody tests have been employed in studies documenting the role of ... | 1990 | 2246948 |
| immortalization of rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells after transfection with a fragment of the bglii n region of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna. | rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells were transfected with the pbc24neo plasmid dna which consists of a sequence of 790 base pairs from the bglii n fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 dna linked to the neo resistance gene. selection in g418-containing medium resulted in eleven immortalized clones which showed increased growth rate and saturation densities. one of the eleven clones maintained the transforming dna sequence integrated in the cellular genome and showed continuous resistance to g4 ... | 1990 | 2165042 |
| anesthesia for cesarean delivery in patients with herpes simplex virus type-2 infections. | some concerns exist regarding the use of regional anesthesia for patients with active genital herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv) infections undergoing cesarean delivery. previous studies have reported the safe use of epidural anesthesia in these patients; there are no reports of the use of spinal anesthesia in this setting. we performed a 6-year retrospective survey of 169 patients delivered by cesarean delivery because of hsv infection. one hundred sixty-four of these patients had the diagnosis ... | 1990 | 2271471 |
| infection of vascular endothelial cells with herpes simplex virus enhances tissue factor activity and reduces thrombomodulin expression. | latent infection of vascular cells with herpes-viruses may play a pathogenic role in the development of human atherosclerosis. in a previous study, we found that cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) infected with herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) became procoagulant, exemplified both by their enhanced assembly of the prothrombinase complex and by their inability to reduce adhesion of platelets. we now report two further procoagulant consequences of endothelial hsv infection: los ... | 1990 | 2169619 |
| treatment of resistant herpes simplex virus with continuous-infusion acyclovir. | two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed severe ulcerative proctitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 that was resistant to acyclovir were successfully treated with 6 weeks of high-dose, continuous-infusion acyclovir sodium (1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg per hour). viruses cultured from the lesions were resistant to acyclovir in vitro after the patients had received prolonged therapy with oral and intravenous acyclovir in traditional divided doses. investigation into the mechan ... | 1990 | 2308204 |
| [guidelines for management of genital herpes infection in the experience of a health care center for sexually transmitted diseases in buenos aires (argentina)]. | during two years all clinical genital lesions compatible with herpes simplex virus (hsv) etiology were studied systematically through intent of virus isolation in bhk cells. isolation of virus was confirmed in 85% of the 206 cases studied. all seems to indicate that around the 20% of the isolations belong to the type hsv1 and the rest to the type hsv2. viral antigen demonstration, by direct and/or indirect technics with antibodies poly or monoclonals shows to be less sensitive than the virus iso ... | 1990 | 2170786 |
| seroepidemiology of chlamydia in costa rica. | a population-based study of the sero-epidemiology of chlamydia was performed among a nationally representative sample of 760 costa rican women aged 25 to 59 years. interviews and sera collection were completed between september 1984 and february 1985. the overall seroprevalence of chlamydial antibodies among these women was 56.1%. women 25 to 39 years of age had a seroprevalence of 51.1%, while women 40 to 59 years of age had a seroprevalence of 64.2%. women who reported no prior sexual activity ... | 1990 | 2370061 |
| herpes simplex virus genes controlling reactivation from latency in rabbit eye model. | using the rabbit eye model of latency, herpes simplex virus type 1 strain mckrae invariably reactivated after epinephrine iontophoresis, whereas type 2(hsv-2) virus strain hg 52 failed to reactivate. both strains established a latent infection with the same frequency. to identify the viral genes involved in this reactivation difference, intertypic recombinants were selected following cotransfection of intact mckrae dna and xba i or hpa i cleaved hg52 dna. eleven separately obtained recombinants ... | 1990 | 2172160 |
| [the possibility of viral etiology in cervical carcinogenesis]. | oncogenic potential of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and human papillomavirus (hpv) which are both associated with occurrence of cervical cancer and the mechanism of oncogenesis by these viruses were investigated by transformation experiments in vitro. the results were obtained as follows. 1) hsv-2 induced neoplastic transformation of normal diploid cells is a multistep process. cervical cancer associated antigen ag-4 is encoded within the specific region of hsv-2 dna which converts immort ... | 1990 | 2172417 |
| viral etiology of chronic cervicitis and its therapeutic response to a recombinant interferon. | chronic cervicitis was shown to be related to papillomavirus type 16(hpv-16), herpes simplex virus type 2 and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections as demonstrated by dna hybridization technique and virus isolation method from samples taken from erosive and normal cervices. after one course of treatment with recombinant interferon alpha 1 (rifn-alpha 1), 93.8% of cases showed clinical improvement and 60% marked improvement. the hpv-16 and hsv detection rates dropped down significantly after rifn-alph ... | 1990 | 2173655 |
| arabinofuranosylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potential agents for human cytomegalovirus infections. | protection of the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups of the nucleoside antibiotic toyocamycin (1) with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane was followed by (trifluoromethyl)sulfonylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group. a displacement of the resulting triflate ester moiety with lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium iodide, and lithium azide in hexamethylphosphoramide was followed by a removal of the disilyl moiety with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride to afford the appropriate (2'-deoxy-2'-substitut ... | 1990 | 2175356 |
| myristylation and polylysine-mediated activation of the protein kinase domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (icp10). | the amino-terminal domain of the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) was previously shown to possess protein kinase (pk) activity that localizes to the cytosolic, cytoskeletal, and plasma membrane fractions. further studies of the pk domain using computer-assisted sequence analysis have identified a single transmembrane segment and fatty acid incorporation findings indicate that icp10 is myristylated. myristylation does not depend on a viral enzy ... | 1990 | 2171204 |
| neurovirulence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 isolates in diseases of the central nervous system. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates derived from the central nervous system of ten patients with hsv-1-induced encephalitis, one patient with multiple sclerosis, and 14 patients with hsv-2-induced meningitis were investigated for neurovirulence by assaying the ld50 after nose and intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of mice. hsv-1 encephalitis strains were significantly more virulent after nose inoculation (i.e. neuroinvasive) when compared with hsv-1 isolates from patients with oral lesions only, w ... | 1990 | 2175706 |
| alterations in the cellular phenotype induced by herpes simplex viruses. | numerous studies have shown that herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) are able to transform the morphological phenotype of rodent cells. unlike other dna tumor viruses the transformed cells did not consistently retain or express a given set of viral genes. in fact, transformation could be obtained using fragments of viral dna that did not wholly encode viral proteins. of interest within the transforming fragments were sequences which could assume a secondary structure like that of i ... | 1990 | 2165516 |
| selective virus inhibitors. | our recent efforts have been directed at the development of selective inhibitors of different classes of viruses, including adeno, pox, and herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv)], (+/-)rna viruses (reo- and rotavirus), (-)rna viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial, vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus) and retroviruses [i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the ... | 1990 | 1693749 |
| role of exogenous interferons on intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages from patients affected by neoplasia. | macrophages derived from in vitro cultured monocytes were infected with herpes simplex virus type 2. a marked impairment in the intrinsic antiviral activity was found in macrophages obtained from patients with breast cancer or melanoma. moreover, the antiviral activity of macrophages from healthy donors, differentiated in serum from patients with neoplasia, was also impaired. the aim of this work was the evaluation of alpha, beta, gamma exogenous interferon in restoring the intrinsic antiviral a ... | 1990 | 1694541 |
| comparative therapeutic efficacy of recombinant interferons-alpha, -beta, and -gamma against alphatogavirus, bunyavirus, flavivirus, and herpesvirus infections. | recombinant (r) preparations of interferons (ifn)-alpha, -beta, and -gamma were shown to protect mice against experimental virus infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and with three rna-containing viruses from different families: banzi, a flavivirus; semliki forest virus (sfv), an alphatogavirus; and caraparu, a bunyavirus. the antiviral effects of the three different types of ifn were different with each virus. hsv-2 was the most sensitive virus, followed by sfv. against banzi vi ... | 1990 | 1696607 |
| intratypic variation of herpes simplex virus type 2 isolates detected by monoclonal antibodies against viral glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoproteins gd, gg, gb, and ge were used to analyze antigenic variations of 128 genital hsv-2 isolates by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). isolates were considered significantly different from the standard hsv-2 strain 186 when their optical density (od) in elisa was less than half that of strain 186. this criterion gave 30 patterns of reactivity among the genital hsv-2 isolates. the mabs to gb, gg, and 2 of the g ... | 1990 | 1701081 |
| prevalence of specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 as revealed by an enzyme-linked immunoassay and western blot analysis. | a solid-phase elisa for the detection of antibodies to gg-2 was developed. the assay utilizes a recombinant dna-derived gg-2 as a solid-phase "capture" reagent and goat anti-human igg (gamma) conjugate to horseradish peroxidase as a probe (detector) reagent. a total of 229 serum samples collected from various populations were tested by elisa and western blot analysis. on comparison with confirmed hsv-2 infection, the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa were 92.9% and 98.7%, respectively. we ... | 1990 | 1963039 |
| improved assays for dna-polymerizing enzymes by the use of enzymatically synthesized 5-[125i]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate, illustrated by direct quantitation of anti-hiv reverse transcriptase antibody and by serum dna polymerase analyses. | a one-step procedure which uses enzymes in a crude extract of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1-infected cells to synthesize 5-[125i]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate [( 125i]dutp) from [125i]du is described. the design of a one-step procedure for the purification of the product is also presented. the recovery of [125i]dutp from [125i]du varied between 50 and 75%, the radiochemical purity of the product was greater than 90%, and both synthesis and purification were completed within 8 h. the sens ... | 1990 | 1690011 |
| conserved epitopes of simian herpesvirus sa 8 and bovine herpesvirus type 2. | some major structural components of simian herpesvirus sa 8 were analyzed and the relationship of sa 8 with hsv-1 and especially with bhv-2 was further characterized using a panel of sa 8- and bhv-2-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against gb, gd, ge, and icp 8. it could be shown that sa 8 and bhv-2 expressed gb-1 equivalents, which differ in electrophoretic mobility, but share common epitopes with hsv-1. the antigenic determinants were detectable in the cytoplasm, on the surface of infec ... | 1990 | 1691622 |
| novel membrane-interactive ether lipid analogs that inhibit infectious hiv-1 production and induce defective virus formation. | a new class of membrane-active ether lipid (el) analogs of platelet-activating factor were studied for in vitro anti-hiv-1 activity. human t-cell (cem-ss) monolayers or suspension cultures were used to determine effects of structural modifications of type a phosphorus-containing and type b nonphosphorus el analogs on (a) the inhibitory concentration50 (ic50) for hiv-1 syncytial plaque formation and cell growth, and, (b) virus budding at the cell plasma membrane. results indicate that representat ... | 1990 | 1692729 |
| glycoprotein gb of herpes simplex virus expresses type-common and type-specific antigenic determinants in vivo. | four monoclonal antibodies directed against glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus were evaluated for their ability to immunize mice passively against acute virus-induced neurological illness and death when administered intraperitoneally 2 hours prior to footpad challenge with type 1 or type 2 virus. two monoclonal antibodies, h120 and h157, failed to reduce the severity of neurological disease in infected animals. in contrast, h233 and h368 antibodies provided significant protection in type-com ... | 1990 | 1692872 |
| anti-interferon antibody inhibits natural killer cell activity in hsv-2 genital infection in c57bl/6j mice. | we reported previously that the administration of anti-alpha/beta murine interferon antibody (anti-ifn-ab) to c57bl/6j mice genitally infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) dramatically increases morbidity and mortality. the effect of anti-ifn-ab is visible early postinfection and it is more evident when low virus doses are used. this report describes our study of the mechanism of action of anti-ifn-ab. we found that anti-ifn-ab did not affect peripheral multiplication of the virus at ... | 1990 | 1695621 |
| incidence of herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 from patients with primary (first-attack) genital herpes in sheffield. | in a study to determine the herpes simplex virus (hsv) type isolated from patients with primary (first-attack) genital herpes and to identify any clinical or epidemiological features that might influence the reported incidence of any particular viral type, there was almost an equal incidence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 isolated from women (48% versus 52%). in the case of women, the initial clinical diagnosis was correct in 97% with hsv-1 and 95% with hsv-2 infection. amongst men, hsv-2 was isolated more ... | 1990 | 1964600 |
| identification of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus equivalent to the herpes simplex virus type 2 major dna binding protein (icp8). | a region of homology between the genomic dna of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), an avian herpesvirus, and the region encoding the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) major dna binding protein (icp8) has been detected by the use of nick translation and southern blot analysis. further, a monoclonal antibody directed against the hsv-2 icp8 protein detected has antigenic cross-reaction with iltv as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. | 1990 | 1981454 |
| equine herpes virus 1 and pseudorabies virus resistance to 2'-fluoropyrimidine analogs and to bromovinyldeoxyuridine: implications for dtmp kinase activity. | the 2'-fluoropyrimidine nucleoside analogs 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac). 1(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (fmau), and 1(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (fiau) showed higher in vitro activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), than equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) or pseudorabies virus (prv). comparison of the 50% plaque inhibitory doses for hsv-1 and its mutant mmdur-20 in cell cultures with inhibition c ... | 1990 | 1983184 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) can coinfect and simultaneously replicate in the same human cd4+ cell: effect of coinfection on infectious hsv-2 and hiv-1 replication. | experiments were designed to determine whether hiv-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) coinfection leads to simultaneous replication of both viruses in the same human cd4+ cell (mt-4 cell line) and the possible effects of coinfection on infectious virus production. results from transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed replication of typical hsv-2 nucleocapsids in the nucleus and budding of hiv-1 particles through the plasma membrane and through intracytoplasmic vacuoles containin ... | 1990 | 1972888 |
| gynaecological infections and strategies for treatment. | frequently, encountered gynaecologic infections and pathogens involved are presented. a review is given of bartholinitis, vulvovaginitis-bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease: neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus 2. of each infection a thorough description of clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria is followed by up-to-date treatment advices. for vulvovaginitis, cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease ant ... | 1990 | 2075077 |
| [lesions of the spinal cord and spinal roots in human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | spinal cord lesions, although far less frequent than brain lesions, are not uncommon in aids. almost all diffuse or multifocal pathological processes involving the central nervous system and/or leptomeninges may also affect the spinal cord. however, some of them involve it predominantly causing specific, clinically overt, myelopathic diseases. the most characteristic of these is vacuolar myelopathy which usually manifests as progressive spastic ataxia. its incidence varies in different pathologi ... | 1990 | 2077614 |
| protection from herpes simplex virus type 1 lethal and latent infections by secreted recombinant glycoprotein b constitutively expressed in human cells with a bk virus episomal vector. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb-1) gene, deleted of 639 nucleotides that encode the transmembrane anchor sequence and reconstructed with the extramembrane and intracytoplasmic domains, was cloned under control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat in the episomal replicating vector prp-rsv, which contains the origin of replication and early region of the human papovavirus bk as well as a cdna for a mutant mouse dihydrofolate reductase that is resistant to meth ... | 1990 | 2152829 |
| fluoro carbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'- and 6'-fluoro carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleosides including carbocyclic 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil and carbocyclic 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil. | the racemic carbocyclic 2'-fluoroarabinosyl pyrimidine nucleosides 8, 9 (c-fiau), 12, and 13 (c-fmau) and the 2'-fluororibosyl pyrimidine nucleosides 17, 20, and 21 were prepared from their respective protected 2'-fluoro amino diols 5 and 14. the carbocyclic 2'-2'-difluorothymidine analogue 27 was obtained from the protected difluoro amino diol 24 which was prepared from the ketone 23 and (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (dast). the chiral carbocyclic 2'-deoxy-6'-fluorouridines 33, 34, 38, and 3 ... | 1990 | 2153201 |
| inducible expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c in nih 3t3 cells. | antibodies directed against the glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) are known to be mainly hsv-1-specific, whereas antibodies against other major hsv-1 glycoproteins cross-react with hsv-2 antigens. to investigate the immunological features of gc-1, the gene encoding gc-1 was isolated and cloned from dna of cells infected with hsv-1. the 3.6 kbp sali fragment r of hsv-1 dna was modified in order to place the gene under transcriptional control of the glucocorticoid dependen ... | 1990 | 1965287 |
| isolation and typing of herpes simplex viruses in the infections of mouth, respiratory and genital tracts. | a total of 60 herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates obtained from individuals with genital herpes lesions in the mouth or respiratory illness were typed in this study. the hsv isolation rate in genital herpes was 31%. the typing was done by a direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody technique using commercial reagents. all the 60 vero cell grown isolates were successfully typed without any indeterminate results. nine isolates were typed as hsv 1 and 51 as hsv 2. the technique was easy to perform and ... | 1990 | 1965431 |
| phenotypic properties of herpesvirus-transformed cells with high tumorigenic and metastatic ability. | herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed hamster embryo fibroblasts (333-8-9 cells) produce increased plasminogen activator (pa) compared with normal hamster cells. these cells produce undifferentiated fibrosarcomas at the inoculation site in newborn hamsters, and metastasize to the lungs. using a direct pa assay, in which 125i-labeled plasminogen is cleaved, the optimum ph and osmolarity for detection of the 333-8-9 extracellular pa were ph 8.9 and approximately 150 mosmol. secretion of enzyme d ... | 1990 | 2156388 |
| natural killer (nk) cell activity of mice treated with herpes simplex virus type-2, sarcoma-180 cells, cyclosporine and cimetidine. | nk cell activity in beige mice was compared with that in control balb/c mice and balb/c mice treated with hsv-2, sarcoma-180 cells, cimetidine and cyclosporine. the nk cell activity in five week-old beige mice was lower than in three week-old balb/c mice. the nk cell activity in eight week-old balb/c mice was four to eleven times the activity in balb/c mice that were three weeks of age. balb/c mice, injected with 2 mg cyclosporine or 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of hsv-2, had decreased nk ce ... | 1990 | 1965843 |
| herpes simplex virus type 2 meningoencephalitis resistant to acyclovir in a patient with aids. | a case is reported of relapsing fatal meningoencephalitis caused by a neurovirulent thymidine kinase-positive (tk+) type 2 herpes simplex virus (hsv) that developed thymidine kinase deficiency (tk-) during intravenous acyclovir therapy. a patient with aids was admitted for acyclovir treatment of a persistent perirectal herpetic ulcer. he subsequently developed meningoencephalitis. a tk+ type 2 hsv was isolated from a brain biopsy specimen. a progressive and fatal relapse occurred, and a tk- type ... | 1990 | 2156946 |
| acyclic purine phosphonate analogues as antiviral agents. synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | a series of 9-(phosphonoalkyl)purines, which are analogues of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purines (guanine, pmeg, 1; adenine, pmea, 2), were synthesized. the analogues were tested for activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), rauscher murine leukemia virus (r-mulv), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). with variations in the length of the alkyl chain, the optimal activity was achieved with two carbons between the purine base ... | 1990 | 2157012 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d is recognized as antigen by cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes from infected mice. characterization of t cell clones. | several previous reports have described the surprising inability to detect murine ctl specific for glycoprotein d (gd), one of the important protective immunogens of hsv. using slight variations of published procedures, we were able to show that the immune response to hsv in infected mice includes the generation of ctl specific for gd. c3h/ouj (h-2k) mice were infected by injection in the hind footpads with purified hsv-1. lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes were then isolated and shown to pro ... | 1990 | 1973187 |
| stereospecific synthesis and antiviral properties of different enantiomerically pure carbocyclic 2'-deoxyribonucleoside analogues derived from common chiral pools: (+)-(1r,5s)- and (-)-(1s,5r)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one. | enantiomerically pure (+)- and (-)-carbocyclic thymidine, (-)-carbocyclic 3'-epi-thymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 3'-deoxy-3'-azidothymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 2,3'-o-anhydrothymidine, (+)-carbocyclic 3'-o,6'-methylenethymidine, and (+)-(6's)-carbocyclic 6'-methylthymidine were synthesized in a stereospecific manner from common chiral pools of (+)-(1r,5s)- and (-)-(1s,5r)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-3-one and evaluated for antiviral activity. (+)-carbathymidine and, to a lesser extent, (+)-carbocyclic 2 ... | 1990 | 2158560 |
| (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054]: a potent and selective inhibitor of herpesviruses. | (+-)-(1 alpha,2 beta,3 alpha)-9-[2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl] guanine [(+-)-bhcg or sq 33,054] is a newly synthesized nucleoside analog with potent and selective antiviral activity against members of the herpesvirus group, including human cytomegalovirus. the activity against a thymidine kinase deficient hsv-2 mutant was 25-fold poorer than against the parent virus, suggesting that phosphorylation is an important prerequisite for antiviral activity against hsv-2. (+-)-bhcg is readily phosph ... | 1990 | 2159261 |
| soluble forms of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d bind to a limited number of cell surface receptors and inhibit virus entry into cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 plaque production was inhibited by treating cells with soluble forms of hsv-1 glycoprotein d (gd-1t) and hsv-2 glycoprotein d (gd-2t). both glycoproteins inhibited entry of hsv-1 and hsv-2 without affecting virus adsorption. in contrast, a soluble form of hsv-2 glycoprotein b had no effect on virus entry into cells. specific binding of gd-1t and gd-2t to cells was saturable, and approximately 4 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(5) molecules bound per cell. binding o ... | 1990 | 2159532 |
| recurrent herpetic keratitis: failure to detect herpes simplex virus infection using the syva microtrak hsv1/hsv2 direct specimen identification/typing test. | a 35-year-old man had developed recurrent herpetic keratitis characterized by dendritic keratitis at intervals of a year. we were able to culture cytopathic agents repeatedly from his lesions by inoculating vero cells. the cultures yielded definitive evidence of a virus that caused a cytopathic effect within 3 days. however, these virus strains could not be identified as herpes simplex virus (hsv) in immunofluorescence assays using the syva microtrak hsv1/hsv2 direct specimen identification/typi ... | 1990 | 1963928 |
| clinical and laboratory study of first episode genital herpes in singapore. | a prospective study of the epidemiology, clinical aspects and laboratory features of first episode genital herpes was carried out in middle road hospital, singapore between june 1986 and december 1987. a total of 68 patients were studied. there were more women than men in the study population with a female to male ratio of 7.5 to 1. the peak incidence of first episode genital herpes was between 20 and 29 years of age. specimens from 63 patients yielded positive culture for herpes simplex virus ( ... | 1990 | 1964601 |
| structural organization of the conserved gene block of herpesvirus saimiri coding for dna polymerase, glycoprotein b, and major dna binding protein. | lymphotropic herpesviruses such as epstein-barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri are commonly grouped as gamma-herpesviruses, although overall genome organization and numerous biological properties are quite different in the viruses. to define the relationship more precisely, we sequenced the kpnl fragments f (6.5 kb) and c (9.8 kb) of the h.saimiri strain no. 11 genome; these dna fragments were found to contain the genes coding for equivalents of the major dna binding protein, a putative glycoprot ... | 1990 | 2154888 |
| effect of the estrous cycle on susceptibility of female mice to intravaginal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). | in order to explore the effect of sexual maturity on the susceptibility of mice to genital herpesvirus infections, mice were separated into the four stages of the estrous cycle and inoculated intravaginally with varying doses of hsv-2, strain 186. deaths were observed as indicators of susceptibility and were recorded as follows: proestrous, 33%; estrous, 16%; metestrous, 9% and diestrous, 75%. to determine the course of infection in animals inoculated at different stages of estrous, cotton swabs ... | 1990 | 2088207 |
| nucleotide sequence of the herpes simplex virus type-2 syn gene that causes cell fusion. | the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the entire coding region of the syn gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is reported. the amino acid (aa) sequence deduced from the nt sequence has been compared to analogous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) syn gene that causes cell fusion. the aa sequences are 82.8% homologous and contain a highly conserved region of 90 aa. these results identify some of the conserved regions in the coding sequences between the two types. | 1990 | 2161382 |
| identification and characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 gene encoding the essential capsid protein icp32/vp19c. | we describe the characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) gene encoding infected cell protein 32 (icp32) and virion protein 19c (vp19c). we also demonstrate that the hsv-1 ul38/orf.553 open reading frame (orf), which has been shown to specify a viral protein essential for capsid formation (b. pertuiset, m. boccara, j. cebrian, n. berthelot, s. chousterman, f. puvian-dutilleul, j. sisman, and p. sheldrick, j. virol. 63: 2169-2179, 1989), must encode the cognate hsv type 1 (hsv-1 ... | 1990 | 2154597 |
| comparative dna sequence analysis of the host shutoff genes of different strains of herpes simplex virus: type 2 strain hg52 encodes a truncated ul41 product. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) particles contain a factor which can shut off host protein synthesis during the earliest stages of infection. the efficiency of shutoff varies between different strains of virus, type 2 strains being generally more active than type 1 strains. however, hsv-2 strain hg52 is deficient in host cell shutoff. we have investigated the basis of the different shutoff phenotypes of a strong shutoff strain (hsv-2 strain g), a weak shutoff virus (hsv-1 strain 17 syn+) and hg52 by ... | 1990 | 2161906 |
| evolution of post-natal herpes simplex virus encephalitis to multicystic encephalopathy. | a 3-week-old, previously healthy infant developed biopsy-proven herpes virus type 2 (hsv-2) encephalitis. the encephalitis was characterized by cells having intranuclear inclusions and was without evidence of inflammation or hemorrhage. neuroimaging studies did not show any destructive lesions in the brain. in spite of antiviral therapy, the infant's neurological conditions deteriorated, and the patient died at the age of 18 weeks. post-mortem examination showed that most of the cerebral hemisph ... | 1990 | 1703387 |
| [pemphigus vulgaris superinfected by herpes simplex virus ii in the absence of corticosteroid therapy]. | 1991 | 1826364 | |
| mutagenesis occurring following infection with herpes simplex virus does not require virus replication. | infection of eukaryotic cells in culture with herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2 increased the mutation frequency of the supf gene carried on the shuttle vector pz189 by around sixfold. the increase was apparent 2 hr postinfection and reached a peak after 8 hr. to investigate this mutagenesis, plasmids pckrr1 and pckrr2 were constructed to express the large and small subunits, respectively, of hsv-2 ribonucleotide reductase (rr) under the control of the inducible mouse metallothionein ... | 1991 | 1850920 |
| retention of nonlinear viral dna during herpes simplex virus latency in vitro. | we investigated the state of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) genome during latency in vitro. latent dna was present in the cell nucleus in a nonlinear configuration. the joint fragment was represented at approximately double the molar concentration of fragments from unique regions, indicating that genome termini had fused. the hsv-2 genome copy number was estimated to be between 1.5 and 8, with a mean value of 4.5 per latently infected cell. nonlinear hsv dna can therefore exist during l ... | 1991 | 1851145 |
| cell-mediated immunologic responses and recurrent genital herpes in the guinea pig. effects of glycoprotein immunotherapy. | the specific immune alterations associated with hsv recurrences are ill defined although it appears that alterations in cell-mediated immune mechanisms are more likely associated with recurrent disease than humoral immunity. immunization with hsv glycoproteins b and d (gbgd) after primary hsv infection has reportedly reduced the frequency of recurrences but the mechanisms remain unidentified. we therefore evaluated the effects of immunization with cloned gbgd on selected cell-mediated immune res ... | 1991 | 1851194 |
| leucine repeats in the large subunit of herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (rr; icp10) are involved in rr activity and subunit complex formation. | computer-assisted comparison of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (rr1) sequence with the known primary structures of other rr1 proteins revealed a motif consisting of five leucines occurring at every seventh residue between positions 409 to 437. this motif is specific to hsv rr1 proteins. a synthetic oligopeptide (la-4) corresponding to 15 residues in the internal portion of the motif inhibited hsv-2 rr activity. in immunoprecipitation experiments, l ... | 1991 | 1851814 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. | the synthesis of 5-heteroaryl-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines is described. the heteroaromatics were obtained from three different 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines. cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides on the 5-ethynyl derivative 1 gave the isoxazoles 4a-e. the thiazole derivatives 14a-c were obtained from the 5-thiocarboxamide 11, while 5-pyrrol-1-yl-2'-deoxyuridine (17) could be synthesized directly from 5-amino-2'-deoxyuridine. the compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity. selective act ... | 1991 | 2061920 |
| efficacy of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine in various models of herpes simplex virus infection in mice. | the phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivative (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (hpmpc) was evaluated for its in vivo efficacy in several model infections for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) and thymidine kinase-deficient (tk-) hsv-1 in mice. in hairless mice infected intracutaneously with hsv-1 or hsv-2, hpmpc completely suppressed all manifestations of the disease (skin lesions, paralysis of the hind legs, and mortality) if it was administered topically at a co ... | 1991 | 2069375 |
| expression of hsv-1 and hsv-2 glycoprotein g in insect cells by using a novel baculovirus expression vector. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) glycoprotein g (gg-1 and gg-2) were expressed in insect cells from recombinant baculoviruses (acdsmgg-1 and acdsmgg-2, respectively) constructed using a novel baculovirus transfer vector, pacdsm. this vector allows the coding region of a foreign gene to be precisely linked to the baculovirus polyhedrin gene at the translation initiation site and retains the native polyhedrin translation initiation environment. fourfold more gg-1, with a higher ... | 1991 | 1850903 |
| identification of an immunodominant cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition site in glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus by using recombinant adenovirus vectors and synthetic peptides. | cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses to herpes simplex virus (hsv) polypeptides play an important role in recovery from infection and in preventing latency. we have previously shown that glycoprotein b (gb) is a major target recognized by hsv-specific ctls in c57bl/6 (h-2b) and balb/c (h-2d) mice but not in cba/j (h-2k) mice (l. a. witmer, k. l. rosenthal, f. l. graham, h. m. friedman, a. yee, and d. c. johnson, j. gen. virol. 71:387-396, 1990). in this report, we utilize adenovirus vectors ex ... | 1991 | 1847447 |
| modulation of the intrinsic antiviral activity by escherichia coli endotoxin in macrophages from patients with neoplasia. | macrophages from patients with breast cancer showed an impairment of their antiviral activity. the capability to hinder herpes simplex virus type 2 replication of macrophages from healthy donors and from patients with breast cancer was compared to the in-vitro treatment with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps). the lps showed a dose-dependent effect on the different macrophage populations studied. nevertheless, macrophages from healthy donors appeared to be more sensitive to lps in compari ... | 1991 | 1850454 |
| detection and characterization of latent hsv rna by in situ and northern blot hybridization in guinea pigs. | following intravaginal infection of guinea pigs, herpes simplex virus establishes a latent infection in the sensory lumbosacral ganglia. using the techniques of in situ and northern blot hybridization, we have characterized this latent hsv-2 virus and compared it to latent hsv-1 at the same anatomical site. for hsv-2, a single 1.8-kb latency-associated transcript (lat) was detected. in contrast, as described for latent hsv-1 in the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and mice, two hsv-1 lat species we ... | 1991 | 1849688 |
| priming of rabbit alveolar macrophages for enhanced oxidative responses by herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. | the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection on the oxidative response in infant and adult rabbit alveolar macrophages (am) was studied using either phorbol myristate acetate (0.5 microgram pma/ml) or latex (250 micrograms/ml) as eliciting agents in a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. results indicated that uninfected infant am responded to a latex-elicited but not pma-elicited cl response. hsv-2 infection (moi = 1.0) of infant am for 2 hr at 37 degrees c did not alter the pma or late ... | 1991 | 1849952 |
| three cell lines from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, alone or in conjunction with herpes simplex virus inoculation. | three squamous carcinoma cell lines hbpc-1, hbpc-2, and hbpc-3 were established from hamster buccal pouch tumors induced by topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) treatment alone, topical dmba treatment in conjunction with type 1 herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) inoculation, and topical dmba application in combination with type 2 hsv (hsv-2) inoculation, respectively. the cells were epithelial in morphology, had a doubling time of approximately 18 h, and required bovine serum for optimal grow ... | 1991 | 1708371 |
| expression in bacteria of a polypeptide encoded by a transforming fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2. | we have constructed a plasmid (pmd2) containing the 38,000 mw polypeptide (38k polypeptide) gene from the transforming bg1ii-n fragment of hsv-2 fused to the amino-terminal portion of the beta-galactosidase gene in plasmid puc8. nucleotide sequence determination around the fusion-junction confirmed that the viral gene sequences starting at its second codon is in the correct reading frame in relation to the translation initiation codon of beta-galactosidase. the lac control sequences direct the s ... | 1991 | 2032251 |
| properties and evolutionary relationships of the marek's disease virus homologues of protein kinase, glycoprotein d and glycoprotein i of herpes simplex virus. | the deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frames (orfs) mapping in the short unique segment (us) of marek's disease virus (mdv) reported in the accompanying paper have been analysed using computer programs to determine their relationships to herpesvirus proteins. analysis of the catalytic domains of protein kinases showed that the mdv kinase (mdv pk) was closely related to the alphaherpesvirus protein kinase mapping in us. the results also showed that the mdv pk was more closely relat ... | 1991 | 1849976 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcript in neurons and nonneurons. | the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) transcription during in vivo latent infection was investigated by in situ hybridization. latent infection of mouse dorsal root ganglion was investigated with the bamhi p fragment of hsv-2, which resulted in evidence of ganglion hybridization, and other fragments representing approximately 40% of the genome, which did not result in hybridization. strand specificity of hybridization was investigated in studies with synthetic oligonucleotides, whi ... | 1991 | 1850049 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect herpes simplex virus dna in paraffin sections of human brain at necropsy. | the feasibility of detecting herpesvirus dna in paraffin sections of routinely fixed and processed human necropsy brains by use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was assessed. a 110 bp segment of the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) could readily be amplified in sections from the brains of six patients with acute hsv1 encephalitis but not from those of six patients with other neurological diseases, including varicella-zoster encephalitis and herpes simplex virus t ... | 1991 | 1850452 |
| the conserved dna-binding domains encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 icp4, pseudorabies virus ie180, and varicella-zoster virus orf62 genes recognize similar sites in the corresponding promoters. | herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2), pseudorabies virus (prv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) are all classified as alphaherpesvirinae. each of these five viruses encodes an essential immediate-early (ie) regulatory protein referred to as hsv-1 icp4, hsv-2 icp4, prv ie180, vzv orf62 protein, and ehv-1 ie1, respectively. these five proteins share extensive homology with each other in domains referred to as regions 2 and 4. the hsv-1 icp4 region 2 d ... | 1991 | 1847444 |
| fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides: synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic 2'-deoxy guanosines. | a series of four isomeric 2'- and 6'-fluorocarbocyclic guanosine analogues have been prepared and evaluated as potential anti-herpes agents. the racemic 2' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro- 9-[(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4- (hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]-6h-purin-6-one (11a, c-afg) and its 2' alpha-fluoro epimer 11b plus the chiral 6' beta-fluoro isomer 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-[[1s-(1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 4 beta)]- 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]- ... | 1991 | 1848298 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 deletion variants 1714 and 1716 pinpoint neurovirulence-related sequences in glasgow strain 17+ between immediate early gene 1 and the 'a' sequence. | dideoxynucleotide sequence analysis of a spontaneously isolated deletion variant (1714) of glasgow strain 17+ of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) demonstrates that the deletion is 759 bp in length and is located within each copy of the bamhi s fragment (0 to 0.02 and 0.81 to 0.83 map units) of the long repeat region of the genome. the deletion removes one complete copy of the 18 bp dr1 element of the 'a' sequence and terminates 1105 bp upstream of the 5' end of immediate early (ie) gene 1. th ... | 1991 | 1848598 |
| neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor. | to define the risk factors associated with neonatal acquisition of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, we prospectively obtained hsv cultures from the cervix and external genitalia of 15,923 pregnant women in early labor who were without symptoms or signs of genital hsv infection. follow-up of the women with positive cultures for hsv and their hsv-exposed infants included serologic tests and serial cultures for hsv. | 1991 | 1849612 |
| selective depletion of liver and splenic macrophages using liposomes encapsulating the drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate: effects on antimicrobial resistance. | the current results provide direct evidence for a role of tissue macrophages (m phi) in natural immunity and support the use of immunomodulators to enhance antiviral resistance in immunocompromised individuals. in this study, macrophages (m phi) in the spleen and liver were eliminated by intravenous (i.v.) injection of the drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate (dmdp) encapsulated in liposomes. the effect of this depletion system on peritoneal m phi, peripheral blood leukocytes, splenic natural ki ... | 1991 | 1827490 |
| herpes simplex virus type-2 ulcers resistant to acyclovir in an aids patient--successful treatment with foscarnet. | the case of a 25-year-old homosexual man with large inguinal and perianal ulcers is reported. he had been pretreated extensively with acyclovir. herpes simplex virus (hsv) was identified in the ulcer tissue by in-situ hybridization. no clinical improvement with acyclovir but a prompt response to foscarnet was noted. in a relapse after 11 weeks an acyclovir-resistant hsv type 2 was isolated. again, a prompt response to foscarnet was noted. the case is presented in detail, and the clinical impact ... | 1991 | 1828096 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection in human oral mucosa in culture. | to examine the sensitivity of human oral mucosa to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) infection, human gingival mucosa explants were infected with either hsv-1 or hsv-2 in vitro and the expression of virus specific antigen was examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique. hsv-2 antigen was found in the basement membrane, basal cell layer and lower prickle cell layer. this finding was consistent with the hsv-1 infection. electron microscopic study revealed the presence ... | 1991 | 1849992 |
| characterization of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcription in human sacral ganglia and in cell culture. | the ability of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) to establish latency in and reactivate from sacral dorsal root sensory ganglia is the basis for recurrent genital herpes. the expression of hsv-2 genes in latently infected human sacral ganglia was investigated by in situ hybridization. hybridizations with a probe from the long repeat region of hsv-2 revealed strong nuclear signals overlying neurons in sacral ganglia from five of nine individuals. the rna detected overlaps with the transcript fo ... | 1991 | 1845807 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein h is partially processed in a cell line that expresses the glycoprotein and fully processed in cells infected with deletion or ts mutants in the known hsv glycoproteins. | cell lines that constitutively express herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein h (gh-1) failed to synthesize the mature form of gh and accumulated a precursor-like form of the glycoprotein, which was retained intracellularly, most likely in rer. fine-structure analysis of the oligosaccharides present in recombinant gh revealed oligosaccharides processed by rer enzymes; sialylated complex-type and biantennary oligosaccharides, which are assembled in the trans-golgi, were absent. a small fract ... | 1991 | 1846486 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 9-alkoxypurines. 2. 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-, 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy)-, and 9-(1,4-dihydroxybut-2-oxy)purines. | reaction of alkenoxyamines (3,5) or (r,s)-, (r)-, and (s)-hydroxy-protected derivatives of hydroxyalkoxyamines (20a,b, 37a-c) with 4,6-dichloro-2,5-diformamidopyrimidine (4) and cyclization of the resultant 6-[(alkenoxy)amino]-and 6-(alkoxyamino)pyrimidines (6,7,21a,b, 38a,b,c) by heating with diethoxymethyl acetate afforded 9-alkenoxy- and 9-alkoxy-6-chloropurines (9,10,22a,b, 39a-c, 40a). these were subsequently converted to 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy), 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutoxy), and 9-(1,4-dihydro ... | 1991 | 1846922 |
| latent herpes simplex virus reactivation in the guinea pig. an animal model for recurrent disease. | the purpose of this investigation was to establish an animal model by which latent herpetic disease could be mechanically reactivated, yielding an adequate number of recurrent clinical lesions in the guinea pig. to determine strain virulence, hairless guinea pigs were inoculated with three different strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) using a spring-loaded multiple puncture apparatus. hsv-1 strains sc-16 and mckrae produced an average of 21 and 8 lesions per infected area, respectively. the hs ... | 1991 | 1847124 |
| development of a herpes simplex virus subunit glycoprotein vaccine for prophylactic and therapeutic use. | a herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine has been tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. the vaccine is a mixture of the viral glycoproteins gb and gd expressed in mammalian cells as secreted carboxyl terminal truncated derivatives. the antigens have been combined with several adjuvants, including a lipophilic derivative of a muramyl tripeptide, mtp-pe, and administered in a stable, low-oil emulsion. titers of antibody that are threefold to 15-fold greater than those o ... | 1991 | 1664126 |
| oral acyclovir therapy of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand. | acyclovir was evaluated as treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of the hand in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. in nine fully evaluable patients, oral acyclovir (2 g/day in three doses for 10 days) initiated during the earliest phase of a recurrence reduced the mean durations (+/- standard deviation) of clinical symptoms from 10.1 (+/- 3.6) to 3.7 (+/- 3.0) days (p = 0.008), signs from 11.1 (+/- 3.7) to 6.2 (+/- 3.3) days (p = 0.024), and viral positivi ... | 1991 | 1850971 |
| evaluation of herpes simplex virus vaccines in animals: the guinea pig vaginal model. | the guinea pig model of genital herpes has proved useful for the evaluation of experimental herpes simplex virus vaccines. the model shares many of the features of genital herpes in humans, including a natural route of inoculation that results in self-limiting primary vulvovaginitis. latent infection is established in sensory ganglia, and animals experience both spontaneous and ultraviolet radiation-induced recurrence of infection. many humoral, cellular, and cytokine responses to herpes simplex ... | 1991 | 1664129 |
| immune responses to herpes simplex virus in guinea pigs (footpad model) and mice immunized with vaccinia virus recombinants containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d. | vaccinia virus recombinants containing the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene for glycoprotein d type 1 (gd-1) under control of an early (vp176) or late (vp254) vaccinia virus promoter or for hsv glycoprotein type 2 (gd-2) under control of the early promoter (vp221) were studied for their ability to induce protective immunity to hsv-2 in the guinea pig model of cutaneous recurrent disease and the mouse model of fatal disease. titers of hsv-specific neutralizing antibody were similar in the two grou ... | 1991 | 1664130 |
| antiviral activity and dose optimum of recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor on herpes simplex genitalis in guinea pigs. | the antiviral activity of recombinant human macrophage csf (m-csf) against genital herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) infection in guinea pigs was investigated. m-csf stimulates proliferation of human and guinea pig peripheral blood monocytes, specifically the plastic adherent esterase-positive mononuclear cells. when anti-hsv-2 activity of m-csf was evaluated in guinea pigs by 6 daily injection (s.c.) of m-csf at various doses (5 x 10(5) to 7 x 10(7) u/kg), we found 2 x 10(6) u/kg to be the op ... | 1991 | 1851195 |