Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| chemical basis for the affinity maturation of a camel single domain antibody. | affinity maturation of classic antibodies supposedly proceeds through the pre-organization of the reactive germ line conformational isomer. it is less evident to foresee how this can be accomplished by camelid heavy-chain antibodies lacking light chains. although these antibodies are subjected to somatic hypermutation, their antigen-binding fragment consists of a single domain with restricted flexibility in favor of binding energy. an antigen-binding domain derived from a dromedary heavy-chain a ... | 2004 | 15383540 |
| production of a novel camel single-domain antibody specific for the type iii mutant egfr. | camelids have a unique immune system capable of producing single-domain heavy-chain antibodies. the antigen-specific domain of these heavy-chain iggs (vhh) are the smallest binding units produced by the immune system. in this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several binders against the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) viii retrieved from immune library of camels (camelus bactrianus and camelus dromedarius). the egfrviii is a ligand-independent, constitutively active, ... | 2004 | 15627895 |
| lens lipids and maximum lifespan. | unlike in most organs, the lipid composition of lenses varies dramatically among species and with age. the focus of this study is to assess how these changes relate to lifespan. studies on cataract suggest that the lens may serve as a window into the processes leading to accelerated mortality. as a first step toward elucidating cellular processes in the lens that may serve as markers for accelerated mortality, we examined the correlation between species-dependent and age-related lens lipid compo ... | 2004 | 15642313 |
| effect of foodstuff contamination by aflatoxin on the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) in al ain, united arab emirates. | twenty young female adult one-humped racing camels (camelus dromedarius) kept in camps scattered outside al ain city and aged between 3- and 6-years-old, died after a short clinical illness. affected camels were dull, inappetant and pyrexic, with submandibular oedema and enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes. of 100 camels within the camps, 31 showed clinical signs. at necropsy examination, the liver of dead animals appeared yellowish, enlarged, congested and friable. the main hepatic histolo ... | 2004 | 15648938 |
| cloning and characterization of 5' upstream promoter region of rat wap gene. | regulatory regions of genes encoding milk proteins are frequently used to produce in the mammary gland of transgenic animals a variety of pharmaceutically and medically important human proteins. one such example is the whey acidic protein (wap) promoter region, identified so far in the genome of mouse, rat, rabbit, camel, pig, brushtail possum and tammar wallaby. the aim of the present study was cloning and characterization of the 5' upstream promoter region of rat wap gene. using genome walking ... | 2004 | 15652158 |
| fourteen morphotypes of entodinium ovumrajae (ophryoscolecidae, entodiniomorphida) found in the dromedary camel of egypt. | during a survey of the ciliate protozoal composition of the stomach contents of nine dromedary camels of egypt, fourteen morphotypes of entodinium ovumrajae, which has been considered as a species peculiar to camels, were found in six camels. except for five morphotypes including one originally described as an independent species and its forms, these were newly detected. these morphotypes, divided into three groups, can be identified mainly by the morphology of their ectoplasmic processes. each ... | 2004 | 15666715 |
| flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in camel tissues: comparison with rat and human liver enzymes. | we previously reported the occurrence of multiple forms of drug metabolizing enzymes in camel tissues. in this study, we demonstrated for the first time, flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo)-dependent metabolism of two model substrates methimazole (mem) and n,n'-dimethylaniline (dma) by camel liver, kidney, brain and intestine. fmo-catalyzed metabolism in the microsomes of camel tissues was independent of cytochrome p450 (cyp) activity and exhibited a ph and temperature dependence characteristi ... | 2004 | 15683840 |
| ethnoveterinary practices of owners of pneumatic-cart pulling camels in faisalabad city (pakistan). | the present study was planned to investigate the ethnoveterinary methods practiced by the owners of pneumatic-cart pulling camels in faisalabad metropolis (pakistan). during a 7-year-period (november 1992-november 1999), 200 owners of draught camels working in the city were interviewed. information concerning the ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of common disorders of digestive tract (indigestion, colic and diarrhea), respiratory tract (cold/rhinitis, pneumonia), skin problems (mange, ... | 2004 | 15707760 |
| reduced global cooperativity is a common feature underlying the amyloidogenicity of pathogenic lysozyme mutations. | one of the 20 or so human amyloid diseases is associated with the deposition in vital organs of full-length mutational variants of the antibacterial protein lysozyme. here, we report experimental data that permit a detailed comparison to be made of the behaviour of two of these amyloidogenic variants, i56t and d67h, under identical conditions. hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments monitored by nmr and mass spectrometry reveal that, despite their different locations and the different effects of ... | 2004 | 15713462 |
| pythiosis in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 4.5-yr-old male dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) was evaluated for a mass on the right side of the face. a complete blood count and blood chemistry revealed anemia and hypoproteinemia. radiographs did not reveal bony involvement. the mass was resected and pythium insidiosum was cultured. the camel was treated with an experimental immunotherapeutic vaccine and with sodium iodide and ceftiofur. the camel began to lose weight postoperatively and died 6 mo later. at necropsy, the camel was fo ... | 2004 | 15732604 |
| developmental competence in vitro and in vivo of cryopreserved, hatched blastocysts from the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | the present paper describes experiments designed to investigate methods for cryopreserving embryos from dromedary camels. because preliminary studies had shown ethanediol to be the best cryoprotectant to use for camel embryos, the current experiments were performed to determine the minimum exposure time to 1.5 m ethanediol required to achieve cryoprotection. the uteri of 30 donor camels were flushed non-surgically 8 days after mating. embryos were recovered and 158 were assigned to one of three ... | 2004 | 15740682 |
| [morbidity patterns in three nomadic communities in chari-baguirmi and kanem, chad]. | within the framework of an multidisciplinary research and action program, morbidity patterns were assessed in three nomadic communities, i.e., fulani, arab cattle breeders and arab camel breeders, living in chari-baguirmi and kanem, chad. this is the first data about the health of chadian nomadic pastoralists who account for approximately 6% of the total population. a total of 1092 women, men and children were interviewed and examined in the course of three surveys carried out by a physician dur ... | 2004 | 15771016 |
| [seroprevalences of zoonotic diseases in nomads and their livestock in chari-baguirmi, chad]. | the seroprevalences of brucellosis and q-fever were evaluated in humans and livestock in three chadian nomadic communities, i.e., fulani cattle breeders and arab camel and cattle breeders. the survey was carried out in 1999 and 2000. the total number of human sera and animal sera tested were 911 and 1637, respectively, for antibodies against brucella spp. and 368 and 613, respectively, for coxiella burnetii. sixteen brucellosis positive human sera resulted in a seroprevelance rate of 2%. male pa ... | 2004 | 15771017 |
| chronological and ultrastructural changes in camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes during in vitro maturation. | cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) were collected from non-pregnant camels at a local slaughterhouse by aspiration from antral follicles (2-6 mm). in experiment i, camel cocs (n=304) were matured in vitro in hams-f10, fixed at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, or 48 h) and stained with 1% aceto-orcein to assess nuclear changes in culture. a majority of the oocytes (81.5%) underwent germinal vesicle break down (gvbd) between 6 and 12h. forty-eight percent of the oocytes were obser ... | 2004 | 15910926 |
| the effect of harvesting technique on efficiency of oocyte collection and different maturation media on the nuclear maturation of oocytes in camels (camelus dromedarius). | the purpose of this investigation was to develop an efficient method for harvesting oocytes from dromedary camel ovaries and to examine the effect of different maturation media on their subsequent maturation in vitro. oocytes were collected by aspirating the follicular contents using a needle attached to a syringe (method i, n=163 ovaries) or to a constant aspirating pressure, applied by a vacuum pump (method ii, n=117 ovaries). individual follicles were excised from ovaries and follicles were p ... | 2004 | 15910927 |
| offspring resulting from transfer of cryopreserved embryos in camel (camelus dromedarius). | the dromedary embryos, collected at hatched blastocyst stage, survived freezing and thawing in the presence of a high concentration of ethylene glycol (7.0 mol/l) with sucrose (0.5 mol/l) and direct plunging in liquid nitrogen. the rate of survival, as judged by the morphological appearance of the embryos after thawing, was high (92%). the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos into the recipients during the breeding (n=20) and non-breeding season (n=25) resulted in two and one pregnancy, respectivel ... | 2004 | 15910931 |
| prostate-specific antigen immunosensing based on mixed self-assembled monolayers, camel antibodies and colloidal gold enhanced sandwich assays. | prostate-specific antigen (psa) is a valuable biomarker for prostate cancer screening. we developed a psa immunoassay on a commercially available surface plasmon resonance biosensor. our psa receptor molecule consists of a single domain antigen-binding fragment, cabpsa-n7, derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies and identified after phage display. it binds psa with a high k(on) value of 1.9x10(6) m-1 s-1, and was covalently immobilised on a gold substrate via a mixed self-assembled monolay ... | 2004 | 16076438 |
| application of 'inductive' qsar descriptors for quantification of antibacterial activity of cationic polypeptides. | on the basis of the inductive qsar descriptors we have created a neural network-based solution enabling quantification of antibacterial activity in the series of 101 synthetic cationic polypeptides (camel-s). the developed qsar model allowed 80% correct categorical classification of antibacterial potencies of the camel-s both in the training and the validation sets. the accuracy of the activity predictions demonstrates that a narrow set of 3d sensitive 'inductive' descriptors can adequately desc ... | 2004 | 18007503 |
| crystal structure of a shark single-domain antibody v region in complex with lysozyme. | cartilaginous fish are the phylogenetically oldest living organisms known to possess components of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. key to their immune response are heavy-chain, homodimeric immunoglobulins called new antigen receptors (ignars), in which the variable (v) domains recognize antigens with only a single immunoglobulin domain, akin to camelid heavy-chain v domains. the 1.45 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the type i ignar v domain in complex with hen egg-white lysozyme ... | 2004 | 15319492 |
| eradication of the camelid biting louse, bovicola breviceps. | 2004 | 15149072 | |
| phage-displayed antibody libraries of synthetic heavy chain complementarity determining regions. | a structure-based approach was used to design libraries of synthetic heavy chain complementarity determining regions (cdrs). the cdr libraries were displayed as either monovalent or bivalent single-chain variable fragments (scfvs) with a single heavy chain variable domain scaffold and a fixed light chain variable domain. using the structure of a parent antibody as a guide, we restricted library diversity to cdr positions with significant exposure to solvent. we introduced diversity with tailored ... | 2004 | 15066433 |
| physico-chemical and antigenic characterization of unconventional heavy chain antibodies of indian desert camel (camelus dromedarius l.). | heavy chain antibodies (hcabs) of igg2 and igg3 subtypes were purified from the sera of indian desert camel (camelus dromedarius l.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and affinity chromatography on protein a-sepharose and protein g-sepharose, and characterized by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, agar gel immunodiffusion (agid), counter-immunoelectrophoresis (ciep), immunoelectrophoresis (iep), elisa and immunoblotting. igg2 and i ... | 2004 | 22900358 |
| highlights of camelid diagnoses from necropsy submissions to the animal health laboratory, university of guelph, from 1998 to 2004. | 2005 | 15943116 | |
| [south american camelids in switzerland. i. population, management and health problems]. | at the beginning of 2000, a population of 1622 south american camelids in 257 herds was living in switzerland. the origin of the animals, their age, the management systems, their feeding habits, their use as well as the observed medical conditions and the indications for treatment were assessed with a questionnaire. results of this study show that 60% of the south american camelid population in switzerland consisted of llamas (999 animals) and 40% of alpacas (623), and that females younger than ... | 2005 | 16128437 |
| multicentric t-cell lymphoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 7-yr-old female dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) was evaluated for inappetence, weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. the animal did not respond to antibiotic and supportive therapy, became recumbent, and died. gross examination revealed nodules in the liver, mesenteric and perirenal lymph nodes, and both kidneys, with segmental thickening of the small intestine. histopathologic examination revealed multifocal lymphoma with moderate mitotic activity. immunohistochemical staining of neopl ... | 2005 | 17312737 |
| use of hyposensitization injections to control seasonal pruritus in a bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | a 9-yr-old, female bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) developed severe pruritus in june 1993. during the next 8 yr, the camel exhibited annual episodes of pruritus and epiphora, generally beginning in june and subsiding in october of each year. these signs could usually be controlled with topical agents and fly repellents, although pruritus flare-ups were effectively controlled with intermittent injections of diphenhydramine and corticosteroids. there were no signs during the colder months. the ... | 2005 | 17315462 |
| camel-related injuries in the pediatric age group. | road traffic accidents continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. domestic animal-related injuries in general, camel-related in particular, have not been given much attention, and very little is written about them. | 2005 | 16080927 |
| incidence of nematodirus species and their differentiation through the infective third stage larvae among egyptian camels. | coprological examination on camels (camelus dromedarius) from different localities in egypt revealed the presence of nematodirus eggs in 38 out of 312 (12.18%). the faecal samples positive to nematodirus eggs were cultured for collection of infective third stage larvae (l3). details of the general and differential categories of each sample were given. the recovered species were nematodirus battus, nematodirus filicollis and nematodirus spathiger. | 2005 | 16083058 |
| characterization of measured menthol in 48 u.s. cigarette sub-brands. | more than 25% of cigarettes sold in the united states are branded as mentholated, and these cigarettes are smoked disproportionately among populations with disparate tobacco-related health outcomes. this study is the first (independent of the tobacco industry) to report menthol for 48 popular commercially available mentholated cigarette sub-brands. the dependent variable "menthol per cigarette" was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer assay, whereas average per-cigarette milligram we ... | 2005 | 16085523 |
| identification of a universal vhh framework to graft non-canonical antigen-binding loops of camel single-domain antibodies. | camel single-domain antibody fragments (vhhs) are promising tools in numerous biotechnological and medical applications. however, some conditions under which antibodies are used are so demanding that they can be met by only the most robust vhhs. a universal framework offering the required properties for use in various applications (e.g. as intrabody, as probe in biosensors or on micro-arrays) is highly valuable and might be further implemented when employment of vhhs in human therapy is envisage ... | 2005 | 16095608 |
| seasonal variations in the nycthemeral rhythm of plasma melatonin in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | seasonal changes in the pattern of plasma melatonin were investigated in two groups of camels (camelus dromedarius): 11 adult and six young camels. animals were subjected to the outdoor conditions of a desert environment. blood samples were taken at regular intervals of about 3 hr (added to particular samples at 1 hr before then 30 min and 1 hr after sunset, and 1 hr before and 1 hr after sunrise) for 24 hr at both solstices and equinoxes of the year. the plasma melatonin levels steeply increase ... | 2005 | 16098088 |
| partial cloning and localisation of leptin and its receptor in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | based on the studies and results presented here, leptin and its receptor were expressed by adipose tissue, mammary alveolar epithelial cells, liver hepatocytes, and the lining epithelium of the bile duct of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). our observations support the biological importance of leptin in the mammary gland as well as the likely local effect of leptin on the peripheral tissues. we suggest that there may be an association between hepatic leptin and the lipogenic activity o ... | 2005 | 16129347 |
| carbohydrate phenotyping of human and animal milk glycoproteins. | breast-milk has a well-known anti-microbial effect, which is in part due to the many different carbohydrate structures expressed. this renders it a position as a potential therapeutic for treatment of infection by different pathogens, thus avoiding the drawbacks of many antibiotics. the plethora of carbohydrate epitopes in breast-milk is known to differ between species, with human milk expressing the most complex one. we have investigated the expression of protein-bound carbohydrate epitopes in ... | 2005 | 16133831 |
| expression of a dromedary heavy chain-only antibody and b cell development in the mouse. | in mature b cells of mice and most mammals, cellular release of single h chain abs without l chains is prevented by h chain association with ig-specific chaperons in the endoplasmic reticulum. in precursor b cells, however, surface expression of mu-h chain in the absence of surrogate and conventional l chain has been identified. despite this, ag-specific single h chain ig repertoires, using mu-, gamma-, epsilon-, or alpha-h chains found in conventional abs, are not produced. moreover, removal of ... | 2005 | 16148123 |
| antigen binding and solubility effects upon the veneering of a camel vhh in framework-2 to mimic a vh. | heavy chain only antibodies of camelids bind their antigens with a single domain, the vhh, which acquired adaptations relative to classical vhs to function in the absence of a vl partner. additional cdr loop conformations, outside the canonical loop structures of vhs, broaden the repertoire of the antigen-binding site. the combined effects of part of the cdr3 that folds over the "former" vl binding site and framework-2 mutations to more hydrophilic amino acids, enhance the solubility of vhh doma ... | 2005 | 15913651 |
| the occurrence of thysanosoma actinioides diesing, 1834 (cestoda: anoplocephalidae) in a najdi camel in saudi arabia. | the fringed tapeworm thysanosoma actinioides was recovered from the liver of a najdi camel (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in central saudi arabia. t. actinioides is recorded for the first time as a parasite of old world camels. | 2005 | 15922510 |
| high expression and purification of the recombinant camelid anti-muc1 single domain antibodies in escherichia coli. | in contrast to the murine and human vhs, camels' single domain antibodies (sdab) have sufficient solubility. these antigen-specific fragments are expressed well in escherichia coli. here, we report high expression and purification of sdabs against muc1 mucin. muc1 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein with an aberrant expression profile in various malignancies. the sdab genes were sub-cloned into a pet32a(+) vector to overexpress the protein coupled with fusion tags in e. coli bl21(de3). the e ... | 2005 | 15922625 |
| kinetics of nuclear maturation and effect of holding ovaries at room temperature on in vitro maturation of camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes. | experiments were conducted to investigate kinetics of in vitro nuclear maturation and the effect of storing ovaries at room temperature on initial chromatin configuration and in vitro maturation of dromedary camel oocytes. cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs) were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and matured in vitro for 4-48h. at every 4h interval (starting from 0 to 48 h), groups of oocytes were fixed, stained and evaluated for the status of nuclear chromatin. oocytes were categorized as germi ... | 2005 | 15935844 |
| in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) embryos produced in vitro using two culture systems (mksomaa and oviductal cells). | development competence and pregnancy rate of in vitro-produced (ivp) dromedary embryos were studied in two culture systems: (i) semi-defined modified medium (mksomaa) and (ii) co-culture using camel epithelial oviducal cells. five hundred and three cumulus-oocytes complexes (cocs) were selected, allowed to mature, fertilized and cultured in vitro (38.5 degrees c; 5% co2, maximum humidity > 95%, with concentration of oxygen of 5% for semi-defined medium and 20% for co-culture cells). maturation w ... | 2005 | 15943699 |
| hydatidosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) and their potential role in the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in iran. | hydatid cysts were recovered from 35.2% (233/661) of camels (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in five different regions of iran. the degree of prevalence between males (34.4%) and females (36.6%) was not statistically significant. the highest rate of infection (59.3%) was found in the isfahan region (in the central part of iran) while the lowest (25.7%) was found in kerman province. the organ distribution of cysts was 49.4% in lungs alone, 30.0% in both liver and lungs, 14.6% in liver only and 6 ... | 2005 | 15946390 |
| osmotic and diffusive properties of intracellular water in camel erythrocytes: effect of hemoglobin crowdedness. | camel erythrocytes have exceptional osmotic resistance and is believed to be due to augmented water-binding associated with the high hydrophilicity of camel hemoglobin. in practical terms this means that the proportion of osmotically non-removable water in camel erythrocytes is nearly 3-fold greater than that in human erythrocytes (approximately 65 vs approximately 20%). the relationship between water diffusion and the osmotic characteristics of intracellular water is the subject of this report. ... | 2005 | 15951204 |
| incidence of spontaneous ovulation and development of the corpus luteum in non-mated dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | the occurrence of spontaneous ovulation in dromedaries was examined in two separate studies including 20 non-lactating, barren and 12 lactating dromedaries, respectively. lactating camels were milked twice a day with an automatic bucket milking machine. ovarian activity was monitored by repeated ultrasonography. blood samples for progesterone were collected daily or two to three times a week. to compare cl development after spontaneous and induced ovulations, ovulation was induced by a gnrh anal ... | 2005 | 15955354 |
| embryo transfer in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) using asynchronous, meclofenamic acid-treated recipients. | a total of 40 (day 7) embryos were recovered from the uteri of 10 superovulated camels. recipient camels (n = 30) were prepared by injection with 20 (1/4)g of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue buserelin (i.v.) to induce ovulation and then treatment with 1 g meclofenamic acid (a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor), orally, once on day 7 and twice daily on days 8 and 9 after ovulation and thereafter at a dose of 1 g day(-1) until 8 days after embryo transfer. embryos were transferred in ... | 2005 | 15899153 |
| ultrasound anatomy and normal ecd of the kidney. | the adult kidney is studied using convex-array probes with a frequency of 3.5 mhz, whereas in children higher frequencies are advisable (5 mhz). the study of the organ may be carried out with three possible approaches (access routes): abdominal (anterior), lumbar (lateral), dorsal (posterior). for a correct and complete study of the renal echostructure 5 fundamental parameters need to be evaluated: shape, size, parenchymal echotexture, renal sinus and renal hilum. the most common anatomical vari ... | 2005 | 15906801 |
| comparison of two different methods for the vitrification of hatched blastocysts from the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | the uteri of 32 donor camels were flushed non-surgically on day 6, 7 or 8 after ovulation and a total of 184 embryos was recovered. sixty day 6 embryos and 61 day 7 embryos were vitrified or frozen ultrarapidly using open pulled straws and a modified version of the vajta protocol. these embryos were subjected to concentrations of either 10% and 20% or 20% and 40% ethanediol as the cryoprotectant before being loaded into open pulled straws (ops) and plunged into liquid nitrogen. all embryos were ... | 2005 | 15907277 |
| community perceptions of important camel diseases in lapur division of turkana district, kenya. | this paper presents the results of a study conducted in lapur division of turkana district, kenya, to estimate the incidence and mortality of camel trypanosomosis using participatory methods. four livestock camps ('adakars') were conveniently selected for the study. four informant groups comprising 6 8 key persons were used for the participatory exercises. the camel diseases identified by the pastoralists in their order of importance according to annual incidence were: trypanosomosis (11.4%); ma ... | 2005 | 15747856 |
| application of monoclonal antibodies in functional and comparative investigations of heavy-chain immunoglobulins in new world camelids. | of the three immunoglobulin g (igg) isotypes described to occur in camelids, igg2 and igg3 are distinct in that they do not incorporate light chains. these heavy-chain antibodies (hcabs) constitute approximately 50% of the igg in llama serum and as much as 75% of the igg in camel serum. we have produced isotype-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in order to investigate the roles of hcabs in camelid immunity. seventeen stable hybridomas were cloned, and three mabs that were specific for ... | 2005 | 15753251 |
| comparison of the effect of sporobolus virginicus and rhodes (chloris gayana) hay diets on the absorption pattern of phenylbutazone in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | the effect of feeding sporobolus and rhodes hay on phenylbutazone (4 g) relative absorption was examined in six camels using a two-period, two-sequence, two-treatment crossover design. serum concentration of the drug was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. the measured values (means+/-sd) for rhodes and sporobolus hay, respectively, were cmax 35.59+/-22.36 and 36.55+/-18.99 microg/ml, tmax 26+/-2.53 and 26.3+/-1.97 h and auc0-72 h 1552+/-872.6 and 1621+/-903.6 microg h/ml. broad ... | 2005 | 15683768 |
| strong in vivo maturation compensates for structurally restricted h3 loops in antibody repertoires. | a central paradigm in immunology states that successful generation of high affinity antibodies necessitates an immense primary repertoire of antigen-combining sites. much of the diversity of this repertoire is provided by varying one antigen binding loop, created by inserting randomly a d (diversity) gene out of a small pool between the v and j genes. it is therefore assumed that any particular d-encoded region surrounded by different v and j regions adopts a different conformation. we have solv ... | 2005 | 15659390 |
| anatomy of the cranioencephalic structures of the camel (camelus dromedarius l.) by imaging techniques: a magnetic resonance imaging study. | the objective of this study was to define the anatomy of the cranioencephalic structures and associated formations in camel using magnetic resonance imaging (mri). mr images were acquired in sagittal, transverse and oblique dorsal planes, using spin-echo techniques, a magnet of 1.5 t and a standard human body coil. mr images were compared with corresponding frozen cross-sections of the head. different anatomic structures were identified and labelled at each level. the resulting images provided e ... | 2005 | 15649228 |
| changes in chemical composition of alxa bactrian camel milk during lactation. | changes in chemical composition of alxa bactrian camels reared in inner mongolia (china) during lactation were investigated. colostrum and milk samples from 10 nomadic female camels in their first season of lactation were collected periodically from parturition until 90 d postpartum (pp). the average contents of gross composition were 14.23% protein, 4.44% lactose, 0.27% fat, 0.77% ash, and 20.16% total solids in colostrum at 2 h pp, and the respective mean values were 3.55, 4.24, 5.65, 0.87, an ... | 2005 | 16162513 |
| child camel jockeys: a present-day tragedy involving children and sport. | 2005 | 16162984 | |
| camel racing injuries among children. | the aim of this study is to determine the frequency and severity of camel racing injuries among children aged 5 to 15 years during the period 1992 to 2003 in the state of qatar. | 2005 | 16162985 |
| giardiosis in camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2005 | 16170004 | |
| effect of season and gonadotropins on the superovulatory response in camel (camelus dromedarius). | the purpose of the present investigation was to study the extent to which season and the gonadotropin preparation interferes with the superovulatory response in the dromedary. adult camels were treated for superovulation during the breeding (november to april) and non-breeding season (may to october). animals were synchronized by daily i.m. injections of progesterone (125 mg/animal/day, jurox, uk) for 10 to 14 days. superovulation was induced by 400mg pfsh alone (follitropin v, vetrepharm, canad ... | 2005 | 16182873 |
| factors associated with adverse reactions induced by caprylic acid-fractionated whole igg preparations: comparison between horse, sheep and camel iggs. | caprylic acid purification of igg, currently used in the manufacture of horse-derived antivenoms, was successfully adapted for the preparation of sheep and camel igg. sheep igg had a molecular mass of approximately 150 kda, whereas camel igg presented two bands of molecular masses of approximately 160 and 100 kda, the latter corresponding to heavy-chain igg, which is devoid of light chains. horse, sheep and camel iggs were compared by several parameters aiming at predicting their potential for i ... | 2005 | 16183094 |
| acrolein in cigarette smoke inhibits t-cell responses. | cigarette smoking inhibits t-cell responses in the lungs, but the immunosuppressive compounds have not been fully identified. cigarette smoke extracts inhibit il-2, ifn-gamma, and tnf-alpha production in stimulated lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood, even when the extracts were diluted 100-fold to 1000-fold. | 2005 | 16210070 |
| molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of inflammatory cytokines of camelidae (llama and camel). | we cloned, sequenced and analyzed the cdnas encoding camelidae inflammatory cytokines, including llama (lama glama) interleukin (il)-1alpha, il-1beta, il-6, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and camel (camelus bactrianus) il-6 and tnf-alpha. the similarity levels of the deduced amino acid sequences of il-1alpha, il-1beta, il-6 and tnf-alpha from llama (camel) to those from other mammalian species, ranged from 60.7% to 87.7%, 52.8% to 75.3%, 41.4% to 98.6%, and 72.9% to 99.6%, respectively. phylo ... | 2005 | 16210805 |
| plague from eating raw camel liver. | we investigated a cluster of 5 plague cases; the patients included 4 with severe pharyngitis and submandibular lymphadenitis. these 4 case-patients had eaten raw camel liver. yersinia pestis was isolated from bone marrow of the camel and from jirds (meriones libycus) and fleas (xenopsylla cheopis) captured at the camel corral. | 2005 | 16229781 |
| analysis of putative rnase p rna from orthopoxviruses. | a putative rnase p rna gene in camelpox virus, one of the orthopoxviruses, was cloned and transcribed in vitro. no rnase p activity could be detected in vitro from camelpox virus rnase p rna alone, or by addition of the escherichia coli rnase p protein subunit to reaction mixtures. camelpox virus rnase p rna reconstituted in vitro with camel or hela cell extracts, which were pre-treated with micrococcal nuclease to degrade the endogenous rnase p rna, showed no rnase p activity. vaccinia virus, a ... | 2005 | 16253270 |
| molecular structure, binding properties and dynamics of lactoferrin. | lactoferrin (lf), a prominent protein in milk, many other secretory fluids and white blood cells, is a monomeric, 80-kda glycoprotein, with a single polypeptide chain of about 690 amino acid residues. amino acid sequence relationships place it in the wider transferrin family. crystallographic analyses of human lf, and of the lfs from cow, horse, buffalo and camel, reveal a highly conserved three-dimensional structure, but with differences in detail between species. the molecule is folded into ho ... | 2005 | 16261257 |
| variations in antigen-antibody association kinetics as a function of ph and salt concentration: a qsar and molecular modeling study. | the relationship between three environmental factors (ionic strength, ph, and temperature) and antigen-antibody binding kinetics was investigated using qsar (quantitative structure-activity relationship) and molecular modeling approaches. the interaction used for this analysis is that between the camel antibody fragment cablys3 and lysozyme. binding kinetics were measured using a biacore 2000 instrument, at nacl concentrations between 50 and 500 mm, at ph's between 5 and 10, and at temperatures ... | 2005 | 16262241 |
| the production and characterization of novel heavy-chain antibodies against the tandem repeat region of muc1 mucin. | camelidae are known to produce immunoglobulins (igs) devoid of light chains and constant heavy-chain domains (ch1). antigen-specific fragments of these heavy-chain iggs (vhh) are of great interest in biotechnology applications. this paper describes the first example of successfully raised heavy-chain antibodies in camelus dromedarius (single-humped camel) and camelus bactrianus (two-humped camel) against a muc1 related peptide that is found to be an important epitope expressed in cancerous tissu ... | 2005 | 16302687 |
| animal hair as biological indicator for heavy metal pollution in urban and rural areas. | animal hair is a good biomonitoring tool for heavy metals assessment and reflects the content of heavy metals in the forage and soil. heavy metals fe, mn, co and ni as well as toxic metals cd and pb were determined in goat, sheep and camel hair, forage and soil collected from four different environmental urban and rural regions. these regions are aswan city farms, allaqi desert pasture, kalabsha farms and halaiub desert pasture at far south of egypt. the results reveal that sheep hair contains t ... | 2005 | 16308777 |
| engineering camel single-domain antibodies and immobilization chemistry for human prostate-specific antigen sensing. | the specificity and affinity characteristics of antibodies make them excellent probes in biosensor applications. unfortunately, their large size, unstable behavior, and random immobilization properties create numerous problems. the single-domain antigen-binding fragment derived from heavy-chain antibodies of camelids (termed vhh) offers special advantages in terms of size, stability, and ease of generating different antibody constructs. in this study, we show the potential of those vhhs in sensi ... | 2005 | 16316161 |
| anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on schistosoma mansoni infected mice. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-schistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on schistosoma mansoni infected mice. six weeks post infection, mean percentage of protection was detected through the hepatic portal vein. glutathione-s-transferase (gst), alanine, aspartate transaminase (alt and ast) and immunoglobulin g (igg) levels were detected in sera of treated mice before and after infection. antischistosomal activity of colostral and mature camel milk on sch ... | 2005 | 16326652 |
| camel milk for food allergies in children. | food allergies in children are often very serious and can lead to anaphylactic reactions. observations that camel milk ameliorates allergic reactions were noted over the years. the effect of camel milk is probably related to its special composition. | 2005 | 16382703 |
| species-specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of camel (camelus) dna extracts. | a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on amplification of a specific dna fragment was established for the identification of camel (camelus) materials. the species-specific primer pair l183/h372 was designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and its specificity was confirmed by amplification of 3 camel (domestic double-humped camel, wild double-humped camel, wild one-humped camel) samples and 11 non-camelus animal (sheep, goat, pig, chicke ... | 2005 | 16385988 |
| hyaluronidase isoforms from developing embryos of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii. | changes in hyaluronidase activity in the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii were followed throughout embryogenesis. peak activity of the enzyme on days 21 and 24 during development was accompanied with a complete organization of larvae before hatching on day 27. during purification of hyaluronidase to homogeneity, ion exchange chromatography lead to four forms (haase1, 2, 3 and 4). haase2 and haase4 with highest purity and specific activities after chromatography on sephacryl s-200. the apparent mol ... | 2005 | 16051510 |
| a 12-case outbreak of pharyngeal plague following the consumption of camel meat, in north-eastern jordan. | between late january and early february 1997, an outbreak of plague, associated with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever, occurred in the jordanian village of azraq ad-druze, which lies about 50 km west of the border with saudi arabia. the 12 cases who presented at hospital were initially assumed to have tularaemia, and all were successfully treated with gentamicin. when, however, their sera were tested for evidence of yersinia pestis or francisella tularensis infection (using haemagglutination, ... | 2005 | 16297292 |
| high-resolution diffraction from crystals of a membrane-protein complex: bacterial outer membrane protein ompc complexed with the antibacterial eukaryotic protein lactoferrin. | crystals of the complex formed between the outer membrane protein ompc from escherichia coli and the eukaryotic antibacterial protein lactoferrin from camelus dromedarius (camel) have been obtained using a detergent environment. initial data processing suggests that the crystals belong to the hexagonal space group p6, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 116.3, c = 152.4 a, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees. this indicated a matthews coefficient (vm) of 3.3 a3 da(-1), corresponding to a possib ... | 2005 | 16511154 |
| carbohydrases in camel (camelus dromedarius) pancreas. purification and characterization of glucoamylase. | the present study analyzed the existence of carbohydrases in camel pancreas compared to some other ruminants. disaccharidases (maltase, cellobiase, lactase, trehalase and sucrase), glucoamylase and alpha-amylase were detected in pancreas of camel, sheep, cow and buffalo. enzyme levels in sheep were lower than in the other ruminants. the highest level was detected for alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.2). moderate activity levels were detected for glucoamylase (ec 3.2.1.3) and maltase (ec 3.2.1.20), while ... | 2005 | 15621512 |
| recombinant rotat 1.2 variable surface glycoprotein as antigen for diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels. | the transcript encoding a predominant trypanosoma evansi variable surface glycoprotein rotat 1.2 was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni (insect) cells. its potential as an antigen for specific detection of antibody in serum of dromedary camels affected by surra, was evaluated. in elisa, the reactivity of the recombinant rotat 1.2 vsg was similar to that of native rotat 1.2 vsg. an indirect agglutination reagent was therefore prepared by cou ... | 2005 | 15777921 |
| move over, joe camel: makers of alcoholic 'starter drinks' draw criticism. | 2005 | 15791063 | |
| thermonuclease gene as a target for specific identification of staphylococcus intermedius isolates: use of a pcr-dna enzyme immunoassay. | a pcr-dna enzyme immunoassay (pcr-deia) was developed for identification of the coagulase-positive species staphylococcus intermedius. two pcr primers and a hybridization probe were designed to target specific sequences of the s. intermedius thermonuclease (nuc) gene. in addition to s. intermedius reference strains, the pcr-deia was tested using 295 veterinary and human s. intermedius isolates. a specific 933-bp dna fragment was successfully amplified in 281 (94.9%) s. intermedius isolates. five ... | 2005 | 15808314 |
| molecular evidence of ovine (g1) and camel (g6) strains of echinococcus granulosus in tunisia and putative role of cattle in human contamination. | three hundred and seventy-two cysts coming from 50 humans, 166 cattle, 153 sheep and 3 camels were collected in order to establish some epidemiological molecular information in tunisia for the first time. the analysis by pcr-rflp of its1 sequence showed that all the human, ovine and bovine cysts were due to the common sheep strain of echinococcus granulosus. the sequencing of the co1 gene of 37 isolates confirm the g1 genotype of this strain. for seven of these isolates, we found the mutation c5 ... | 2005 | 15845282 |
| position-specific incorporation of a highly photodurable and blue-laser excitable fluorescent amino acid into proteins for fluorescence sensing. | a new fluorescent amino acid, l-2-acridonylalanine, was incorporated into proteins at specific positions using 4-base codon/anticodon strategy. the efficiency of the incorporation was high enough to obtain enough quantities of the mutants. the acridonyl group was highly fluorescent when it was excited at the wavelengths of blue-lasers and was highly photodurable compared with conventional fluorophores often used for biological analyses. the fluorescence intensity was sensitive to small changes i ... | 2005 | 15848750 |
| camel milk as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic control and reduction in doses of insulin in patients with type-1 diabetes a 1 year randomized controlled trial. | 2005 | 15860247 | |
| morbidity and nutrition patterns of three nomadic pastoralist communities of chad. | as a part of an interdisciplinary research and action programme, morbidity and nutritional patterns were assessed in three nomadic communities: fulani and arab cattle breeders and arab camel breeders, of two prefectures in chad. the predominant morbidity pattern of chadian nomadic pastoralists (representing approximately 10% of the total population of the country) had not been documented so far. a total of 1092 women, men and children was examined by a physician and interviewed during two survey ... | 2005 | 15866506 |
| identification and molecular characterization of streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolated from camels (camelus dromedarius) and camel milk in kenya and somalia. | seventeen streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains isolated from camels and camel milk in kenya and somalia were identified by their cultural characteristics, by biochemical and serological reactions with the help of commercial identification systems and by molecular studies using a multiplex pcr. the isolates were further characterized by a pcr-mediated detection of size polymorphisms in the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region and the virulence gene szp and by amplification of the viru ... | 2005 | 15876228 |
| leptin expression in ruminants: nutritional and physiological regulations in relation with energy metabolism. | leptin, mainly produced in adipose tissue (at), is a protein involved in the central and/or peripheral regulation of body homeostasis, energy intake, storage and expenditure, fertility and immune functions. its role is well documented in rodent and human species, but less in ruminants. this review is focused on some intrinsic and extrinsic factors which regulate adipose tissue leptin gene expression and leptinemia in cattle, sheep, goat and camel: age, physiological status (particularly pregnanc ... | 2005 | 15876510 |
| expression of leptin and its receptors in various tissues of ruminants. | the energy metabolism of domestic animals is under the control of hormonal factors, which include thyroid hormones and leptin. leptin signals from the periphery to the centre. it is mostly produced in the white adipose tissue and informs the central nervous system (cns) about the total fat depot of the body. low and high levels of leptin induce anabolic and catabolic processes, respectively. besides controlling the food uptake and energy expenditure leptin is also involved in regulation of the r ... | 2005 | 15878255 |
| gram-negative bacteria from the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (ixodidae) and the chicken tick argas persicus (argasidae) and their antibiotic sensitivities. | a total of nine species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from organs and haemolymph of the hard tick hyalomma (hyalomma) dromedarii and the soft tick argas (persicargas) persicus. four species namely serratia liquefaciens, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, klebsiella ornithinolytica and aeromonas hydrophila were isolated from h. dromedarii and five species namely rahnella aquatilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, enterobacter cloacae, chryseomonas luteola and chryseobacterium meningosepticum were i ... | 2005 | 15880998 |
| infertility in the dromedary bull: a review of causes, relations and implications. | research into infertility in the dromedary bull, as reported during the last two decades, is reviewed with emphasis on causes and effects. reproductive activity of such animals is naturally limited by a breeding season, though with enough encouragement some may mate with oestrous females out of season but a full fertilization potential can in no way be expected. it is essential that any female presented to a bull is capable of reproducing. the presentation of a subfertile or infertile female due ... | 2005 | 15885442 |
| llama single domain antibodies as a tool for molecular mimicry. | in camelids, a subset of the immunoglobulins consists of heavy-chain homodimers devoid of light chains, and are thus called heavy-chain iggs (hciggs). their variable region (vhh) is the smallest antigen-binding fragment possible, and being just one polypeptide chain it is especially suitable for engineering. in particular, camelid single domain antibodies might be very useful for molecular mimicry and anti-idiotypic vaccination. in the present work, we show that llamas immunized with an anti-dna ... | 2005 | 15890359 |
| an outbreak of abortions and high neonatal mortality associated with trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels in the canary islands. | trypanosoma evansi was diagnosed for the first time in the canary islands (spain) in 1998 in a dromedary camel. seroprevalences of 4.8% up to 9% have been observed using different diagnostic methods. affected animals have been treated but the dissemination of the disease is unknown. this article presents an outbreak of abortions and high neonatal mortality attributable to t. evansi infection in camels as well as the clinical assessment of the affected animals. the patients were diagnosed by rout ... | 2005 | 15893083 |
| biophysical and biochemical characteristics of bactrian camel semen collected by artificial vagina. | seminal characteristics were investigated in bactrian camel in this study. semen samples from ten mature bactrian camel bulls were collected using a modified bovine artificial vagina. the biophysical parameters including volume, color, sperm concentration and fast forward progressive motility, percentage of live sperm and the biochemical parameters including osmolarity, ph, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, triglycerides, phospholipids, total protein, albumin and non-protein nitrogen conce ... | 2005 | 15589276 |
| characterization of sialidase from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma vivax. | sialidase (ec: 3.2.1.18) from trypanosoma vivax (agari strain) was isolated from bloodstream forms of the parasite and purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. the enzyme was purified 77-fold with a yield of 32% and co-eluted as a 66-kda protein from a sephadex g 110 column. the t. vivax sialidase was optimally active at 37 degrees c with an activation energy (e(a)) of 26.2 kj mole(-1). the ph activity profile was broad with optimal activity at 6.5. the enzyme was activated by dithiothr ... | 2006 | 15898128 |
| heterogeneous nuclear-transferred-embryos reconstructed with camel (camelus bactrianus) skin fibroblasts and enucleated ovine oocytes and their development h-m. | this study reconstructed heterogeneous embryos using camel skin fibroblast cells as donor karyoplasts and ovine oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for investigating the developmental potential of the reconstructed embryos. serum-starved adult camel skin fibroblast cells were used as donor somatic cells. ovine oocytes matured in vitro were employed as recipient cytoplasts. the fusion of fibroblast cells into recipient cytoplasm was induced by electrofusion. the fused oocytes were activated by 5mm/ml ... | 2006 | 16513300 |
| molecular basis for the preferential cleft recognition by dromedary heavy-chain antibodies. | clefts on protein surfaces are avoided by antigen-combining sites of conventional antibodies, in contrast to heavy-chain antibodies (hcabs) of camelids that seem to be attracted by enzymes' substrate pockets. the explanation for this pronounced preference of hcabs was investigated. eight single domain antigen-binding fragments of hcabs (vhh) with nanomolar affinities for lysozyme were isolated from three immunized dromedaries. six of eight vhhs compete with small lysozyme inhibitors. this ratio ... | 2006 | 16537393 |
| ultrastructural analysis of the integument of a desert-adapted mammal, the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | in this study, we conducted a light microscopic and ultrastructural analysis of the integument of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). in general, the epidermal strata of the camel integument appeared typical of those found in non-desert mammals. two cell populations were noted in the stratum basale: one with a flat, non-serrated base and the other with a highly serrated base. typical fine structure was observed in keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. the stratum ... | 2006 | 16542174 |
| compressive myelopathy due to intervertebral disk extrusion in a llama (lama glama). | a 12-year-old intact female llama was euthanized following acute onset of spastic tetraparesis and recumbency with inability to rise. postmortem examination revealed caudal cervical spinal cord compression due to a mass within the ventral spinal canal arising from the c6-c7 intervertebral disk space and attached to an irregularly thickened annulus fibrosis. on histopathologic examination, the mass was composed of amorphous acellular basophilic to amphophilic material admixed with irregularly arr ... | 2006 | 16566272 |
| camel (camelus dromedarius) immunoglobulin g, alpha-lactalbumin, serum albumin and lactoferrin in colostrum and milk during the early post partum period. | colostrum and milk samples from twelve tunisian camels were analysed for concentration of immunoglobulin g (igg), alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la), serum albumin (csa) and lactoferrin throughout the first 14 milkings post partum (7 days of lactation) using single radial immunodiffusion assay. concentrations (mg/ml, means+/-sd) at first milking were igg, 100.7+/-60.4; alpha-la, 2.2+/-0.7; csa, 8.5+/-3.6 and lactoferrin, 1.2+/-0.3. large variations were recorded for igg and csa concentrations (11.8-21 ... | 2006 | 16566855 |
| hematological and biochemical changes in water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis) infected with trypanosoma evansi. | four water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis) were each inoculated intravenously with 10(6)t. evansi (camel isolate) and the fifth calf kept as non-infected control. the blood and sera of all calves were examined every 4 days during the first month post-inoculation (pi) and then once weekly until the end of the experiment (88 days pi). they were examined for hematological and biochemical changes, liver and kidney function tests. hemoglobin concentration (hb%), packed cell volume (pcv) and red bloo ... | 2006 | 16567045 |
| rabbit oocyte cytoplasm supports development of nuclear transfer embryos derived from the somatic cells of the camel and tibetan antelope. | this study was designed to examine the ability of rabbit metaphase ii oocyte cytoplasm to support the development of interspecies nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed using donor nuclei from different species. skin fibroblast cells from a camel and tibetan antelope were used as donor nuclei. as a first step, we investigated the efficiency of different activation protocols by comparing the parthenogenetic development of rabbit oocytes. the protocol that yielded the highest blastocyst rate was u ... | 2006 | 16575155 |
| geomyces pannorum as a possible causative agent of dermatomycosis and onychomycosis in two patients. | chrysosporium pannorum (link) hughes is a soil keratinophilic fungus present in organic residues, on human skin surface and in the general environment of human beings. clear evidence for the pathogenicity of this fungus for human beings was lacking. in 1999, a case of fungal infection in a chow-chow dog and its owner was published, where chrysosporium pannorum (link) hughes was determined as the only possible infection trigger. the state hygiene institute in bratislava repeatedly confirmed the c ... | 2006 | 16603097 |
| conserved and non-conserved loci of the glucagon gene in old world ruminating ungulates. | the homology and diversification of genomic sequence encoding glucagon gene among native egyptian buffalos, camel and sheep were tested using cattle as model. oligodeoxynucleotide primers designed from the available genbank data were used for pcr probing of the glucagon gene encoding sequence at different loci. the dna oligomer probes were constructed to flank either the whole gene encoding sequence or different intra-gene encoding sequences. the pcr products were visualized using agarose gel el ... | 2006 | 16610231 |
| heterogeneous nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed by bovine oocytes and camel (camelus bactrianus) skin fibroblasts and their subsequent development. | this study reconstructed heterogeneous embryos using camel skin fibroblast cells as donor karyoplasts and the bovine oocytes as recipient cytoplasts to investigate the reprogramming of camel somatic cell nuclei in bovine oocyte cytoplasm and the developmental potential of the reconstructed embryos. serum-starved skin fibroblast cells, obtained from adult camel, were electrically fused into enucleated bovine metaphase ii (mii) oocytes that were matured in vitro. the fused eggs were activated by i ... | 2006 | 16618206 |
| effectiveness of a tris-based extender (shotor diluent) for the preservation of bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) semen. | the development of a suitable semen extender is required to extend artificial breeding programs and to preserve the genetic potential of bactrian camel. experiments were conducted to provide the optimal osmolality and ph of tris-based extender and to compare that with available extenders for short-term preservation of bactrian camel semen at 4 degrees c during 24 h. in experiments i and ii, the effects of varying osmolalities (270, 300, 330, 360, and 390 mosm/kg) and phs (5.5, 6, 6.9, 7.5, 7.9, ... | 2006 | 16647050 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after a single intramuscular administration at two dosages to camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2006 | 16669868 |