Publications

environmental stress-induced extracellular isoperoxidase rc3 from rice.	effects of various environmental stresses such as heavy metals, salts and low (high) temperature on the secretion of peroxidase isozyme into the medium were examined in rice (oryza sativa cv. nak-dong) suspension culture. the major extracellular peroxidases secreted into the medium by various stresses were cationic isoperoxidases. a far migrating cationic isoperoxidase rc3 was isolated from the medium after application of cacl2, the effective stimulator for peroxidase secretion. isolation of ext ...	2003	12974407
[molecular responses of rice (oryza sativa l.) to the stress of lowly enhanced uv-b radiation].	the approach of mrna differential display (dd) was used to analyze the gene differential expression of rice seedling subjected to lowly enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation. the results showed that of the eighteen differential fragments, fifteen ones were different in expressional levels, another one was depressed, and the other two, named as ruvb1 and ruvb2 respectively, which could be recovered and re-amplified, were specifically induced. sequence analysis for ruvb2 through internet blast searchin ...	2003	12974001
three distinct rice cellulose synthase catalytic subunit genes required for cellulose synthesis in the secondary wall.	several brittle culm mutations of rice (oryza sativa) causing fragility of plant tissues have been identified genetically but not characterized at a molecular level. we show here that the genes responsible for three distinct brittle mutations of rice, induced by the insertion of the endogenous retrotransposon tos17, correspond to cesa (cellulose synthase catalytic subunit) genes, oscesa4, oscesa7 and oscesa9. three cesa genes were expressed in seedlings, culms, premature panicles, and roots but ...	2003	12970476
[changes in the cadmium content of rice during the milling process].	milled rice and bran were prepared from brown rice (oryza sativa japonica) using a commercial scale rice-mill to investigate the changes in cadmium (cd) content caused by the milling process. rice sample solution was prepared by microwave digestion using hno3 and hf, then analyzed by icp-ms. cd was measured at m/z 114 in interference correction with moo and sn. the digestion method was validated with 4 kinds of certified reference material of "rice flour". we found that the cd content was reduce ...	2003	12968468
mapping of qtls associated with cold tolerance during the vegetative stage in rice.	low-temperature stress is an important factor affecting the growth and development of rice (oryza sativa l.) in temperate and high-elevation areas. cold stress may cause various seedling injuries, delayed heading and yield reduction due to spikelet sterility. in this study, 181 microsatellite marker loci were used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with cold tolerance at the vegetative stage in 191 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross of a cold-tolerant tempera ...	2003	12966040
enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns.	lack of proper techniques to isolate black carbon (bc) from soils has hindered the understanding of their roles in the sorption and environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments. the burning of crop residues may be the primary source of bc in agricultural soils. in this study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) residues were burned, and the resulting particulate matter (ashes) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water. calculations indicated t ...	2003	12953876
[detection and analysis of qtl for seed dormancy in rice (oryza sativa l.) using ril and cssl population].	a recombinant inbred line (ril) population and two chromosome segment substitution line (cssl) population derived from the cross of asominori (japonica) and ir24 (indica) were used to detect qtl controlling seed dormancy. cssl1 were a series of ir24 chromosome segment substitution lines in asominori background, and cssl2 were a series of introgression lines of asominori in the background of ir24. three qtl were detected on chromosome 3, 6 and 9 in ril population, and individual qtl accounted for ...	2003	12924160
[rice allelopathy to barnyardgrass].	138 rice (oryza sativa) germplasms were identified to study the allelopathy to barnyardgrass (echinochloa crusgalli), using the relay seeding technique. the results showed that qingkun 2 from jiangxi province, xiayitiao from jiangsu province, jizaoxian from anhui province, ganzaoxian 37 from jiangxi province, shangnuo 1, ir68465-2-3-2 from irri, and shuiyuan 2 from korea had a strongly excellent inhibition effect on barnyardgrass. results from pot culture showed that gumei 2 and zhong 156 had a ...	2003	12924130
molecular marker dissection of rice (oryza sativa l.) plant architecture under temperate and tropical climates.	rice ( oryza sativa l.) plants develop vertically with shoot elongation and horizontally with tillering. the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize genomic regions influencing the rice plant architecture by quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis for the component traits: culm length (cl), panicle length (pnl), panicle number (pnn) and tiller number (tn). for this qtl analysis, 191 recombinant inbred lines (f(7)) derived from a cross of milyang 23 (m23) and akihikari (ak) were gr ...	2003	12920520
effect of the herbicides oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen on phosphates solubilizing microorganisms and their persistence in rice fields.	a field experiment has been conducted with two herbicides viz. oxadiazon [5-terbutyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] at rates of 0.4 and 0.12 kg a.i. ha(-1), respectively, to investigate their effect on the growth and activities of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in relation to availability of phosphorus as well as persistence of the herbicides in the rhizosphere soil of wetland ric ...	2003	12919781
mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with ultraviolet-b resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the detection of quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with uv-b resistance in rice should allow their practical application in breeding for such a complex trait, and may lead to the identification of gene characteristics and functions. considerable variation in uv-b resistance exists within cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), but its detailed genetic control mechanism has not been well elucidated. we detected putative qtls associated with the resistance to enhanced uv-b radiation in rice, us ...	2003	12898021
1h, 13c and 15n resonance assignments of rice telomere binding domain from oryza sativa.		2003	12878845
a new mite family, pangrangja, in gramineae species.	the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) is a type of class ii transposon. we have isolated a new mite, pangrangja, from the species oryza. although pangrangja elements are present in a number of gramineae species, they are more prevalent in a genome oryza species, triticum, aegilops, hordeum, and tripsacum. the pangrangja has a 16 bp terminal inverted repeat (tir) and conserved trinucleotides 5'-ttg-3' and 5'-aaa-3' at both ends. the tir starts with 5'-cagt-3', similar to the m ...	2003	12872996
high-throughput functional affinity purification of mannose binding proteins from oryza sativa.	we have used affinity chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry to isolate, identify, and assign a preliminary functional annotation to a large number of both known and novel proteins from rice. rice (oryza sativa) leaf, root, and seed tissue extracts were fractionated by column affinity chromatography using alpha-d-mannose as the ligand. bound fractions were eluted and subjected to one-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectro ...	2003	12872227
collection, mapping, and annotation of over 28,000 cdna clones from japonica rice.	we collected and completely sequenced 28,469 full-length complementary dna clones from oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare. through homology searches of publicly available sequence data, we assigned tentative protein functions to 21,596 clones (75.86%). mapping of the cdna clones to genomic dna revealed that there are 19,000 to 20,500 transcription units in the rice genome. protein informatics analysis against the interpro database revealed the existence of proteins presented in rice bu ...	2003	12869764
correlations between cadmium and mineral nutrients in absorption and accumulation in various genotypes of rice under cadmium stress.	the absorption and accumulation of cd2+, fe3+, zn2+, mn2+, cu2+ and mg2+ in the roots and leaves of 20 rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) with different genotypes under cadmium (cd) stress were investigated with pot experiments. the results showed that there existed significant differences among the rice cultivars in the contents of six mineral elements in both roots and leaves at both heading and ripening periods. the statistical analysis showed that, for their contents in roots, significant and ...	2003	12867177
method development for the determination of iron in milligram amounts of rice plants (oryza sativa l.) from cultivation experiments using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.	the amount of sample that is available for analysis in laboratory plant cultivation experiments is usually very limited. highly sensitive analytical techniques are therefore required, even for elements that are present in the plants at mg g(-1) concentrations, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gfaas) was chosen in this work because of its micro-sampling capability, and its relatively simple operation. four micro-methods were investigated for the determination of iron in roots ...	2003	12861434
hydraulic properties of rice and the response of gas exchange to water stress.	we investigated the role of xylem cavitation, plant hydraulic conductance, and root pressure in the response of rice (oryza sativa) gas exchange to water stress. in the field (philippines), the percentage loss of xylem conductivity (plc) from cavitation exceeded 60% in leaves even in watered controls. the plc versus leaf water potential relationship indicated diurnal refilling of cavitated xylem. the leaf water potential causing 50 plc (p(50)) was -1.6 mpa and did not differ between upland versu ...	2003	12857848
effect of irradiance on the partitioning of assimilated carbon during the early phase of grain filling in rice.	low irradiance in the early phase of grain filling in rice often results in a low grain yield, but its effects on the partitioning of previously or recently assimilated carbon within the plant or panicle have not been seriously examined. the objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of shading during the different stages in the early phase of grain filling on the partitioning of previously or recently assimilated carbon among constituent organs and into superior and inferior spikelet ...	2003	12853283
production of doubled haploids through anther culture of m1 rice plants derived from mutagenized fertilized egg cells.	to produce stable mutants from mankeumbyeo, a japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) variety, we estimated the mutation efficiency of ethyl methane sulfonate (ems) and n-methyl-n-nitrosourea (mnu) on fertilized egg cells using doubled haploids (dhs) derived from anther culture of m1 plants. m1 seed production and germination were higher in 1 mm mnu than in 94.2 mm ems. a total of 68 dhs (35.4%) were regenerated by anther culture of m1 plants. twenty-one dhs (30.9%) were stable mutants, 14 dhs (20.6%) w ...	2003	12845474
an ap2/erebp-type transcription-factor gene from rice is cold-inducible and encodes a nuclear-localized protein.	we cloned an ap2/erebp gene by dot blotting and named it osdrebl. analysis of its deduced amino-acid sequence indicated that this protein had a potential nuclear-localization signal, a possible acidic-activation domain and an ap2 dna binding domain. northern analysis showed that the transcripts of osdrebl accumulated rapidly (within 30 min) in response to low temperature, but not in response to aba, nacl and dehydration treatments. southern analysis indicated the presence of a single-copy of the ...	2003	12844217
biochemical and molecular characterization of a rice glutelin allele for the glua-1 gene.	the rice ( oryza sativa l.) mutant of glu4a, lacking the glutelin alpha-2 subunit while the alpha-1 subunit increased (alpha-1h/alpha-2l), was used in this study. two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis revealed that the mutant lacked the polypeptide pi6.71/alpha-2 encoded by glu4 while forming a new polypeptide of pi6.50/alpha-1. experiments were conducted to identify the relationships between the mutated polypeptides of the mutant and to illustrate the mutation mechanism of the allele. peptid ...	2003	12835929
rice ubiquitin promoters: deletion analysis and potential usefulness in plant transformation systems.	strong constitutive promoters form a cornerstone for basic and applied research using transgenic plants. gus (beta-glucuronidase) expression levels from constructs containing rubq1 or rub2 rice ubiquitin promoters were 8- to 35-fold higher in transgenic rice [oryza sativa (l.)] plants, respectively, when compared to the 35s promoter. deletion analysis of the 5'-upstream region of rubq2 revealed a putative enhancer region that produced a 2.4-fold increase in transient gus expression. southern blo ...	2003	12827439
a snapshot of the low temperature stress transcriptome of developing rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) via ests from subtracted cdna library.	rice (oryza sativa l.) is sensitive to chilling particularly during early seedling development. given the biochemical complexity of tolerance mechanisms, genetic potential for this trait depends on highly coordinated expression of many genes. we used a simple cdna subtraction strategy to develop expressed sequence tags (ests) that represent an important subset of cold stress-upregulated genes. the 3,084 subtracted cdna clones represent a total of 1,967 unigenes from 1,354 singletons and 613 cont ...	2003	12827255
family 19 chitinase from rice (oryza sativa l.): substrate-binding subsites demonstrated by kinetic and molecular modeling studies.	a family 19 chitinase (oschia1c, class i) from rice, oryza sativa l., and its chitin-binding domain-truncated mutant (oschia1c deltacbd, class ii) were produced by the pichia expression system, and the hydrolytic mechanism toward n-acetylglucosamine hexasaccharide [(glcnac)6] was investigated by hplc analysis of the reaction products. the profile of the time-course of (glcnac)6 degradation obtained by oschia1c was identical to that obtained by oschia1c deltacbd, indicating that the chitin-bindin ...	2003	12825688
osset1, a novel set-domain-containing gene from rice.	a novel set-domain-containing gene osset1 was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). its deduced protein consists of 895 amino acids. osset1 has a high degree of structure similarity to other set-domain-containing genes such as clf in higher plants and e(z) in animals. rt-pcr showed that the gene expresses throughout the entire plant. a transient expression assay in onion epidermis revealed that the osset1 protein is localized in nuclei. over-expression of the set domain of osset1 in arabidopsis ...	2003	12815033
mapping quantitative trait loci underlying appearance quality of rice grains (oryza sativa l.).	ninety-eight backcross inbred lines (bils) derived from a subspecific cross of nipponbare (japonica)/kasalath (indica)//nipponbare and its genetic linkage map were used to identify quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling rice appearance quality traits such as grain length (gl), grain width (gw), length-width ratio (lwr), percentage of grains with chalkiness (pgwc), square of chalky endosperm (sce), degree of endosperm chalkiness (dec) and grain endosperm transparency (get) by composite interv ...	2003	12812091
qtl and epistatic interaction underlying leaf chlorophyll and h2o2 content variation in rice (oryza sativa l.).	it is meaningful to study the genetics of the traits associated with photosynthesis such as leaf chlorophyll and h2o2 contents for high yield breeding in rice. a mapping population of 98 bc1f9 lines (backcross inbred lines, bil), derived from a backcross of nipponbare (japonica)/kasalath(indica)//nipponbare by the single-seed-descent methods, was employed to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) underlying such rice traits as leaf chlorophyll and h2o2 contents. five and two qtls were detected for le ...	2003	12812090
[synonymous codon usage bias in the rice cultivar 93-11 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica)].	by using the whole genome sequences and est data from the indica rice cultivar 93-11, a detailed relative analysis is made of the effect of some impact factors on synonymous codon usage. the results showed that the gene expression level assessed by mrna abundance is positive relative to the "codon adaptation index" (cai, 0.227), and "codon preference parameter" (cpp, 0.145), but negative relative to "effective number of codons" (enc, -0.147**), indicating that genes with higher expression sh ...	2003	12812058
rice seedlings release momilactone b into the environment.	since the growth inhibitor momilactone b was found recently in root exudates of rice (oryza sativa l.), 3-day-old rice seedlings were transferred to hydroponic culture and the level of momilactone b released into the environment from the seedlings was measured. at day 15 after transfer, the level of momilactone b in the culture solution was 1.8 nmol per seedling compared with endogenous levels of 0.32 and 0.63 nmol per root and shoot, respectively, suggesting that rice seedlings actively release ...	2003	12809715
anoxia tolerance in rice roots acclimated by several different periods of hypoxia.	rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were subjected to hypoxic pretreatment (h-pt; incubated in 5% o2 atmosphere) for various lengths of time followed by an anoxic stress. anoxia tolerance of rice roots was improved with increasing duration of h-pt, but longer h-pt than 12 h gave no additional improvement. concentrations of atp and ethanol, and activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.1) in the roots were increased by h-pt, and the times and patterns of i ...	2003	12806786
genomic comparison of p-type atpase ion pumps in arabidopsis and rice.	members of the p-type atpase ion pump superfamily are found in all three branches of life. forty-six p-type atpase genes were identified in arabidopsis, the largest number yet identified in any organism. the recent completion of two draft sequences of the rice (oryza sativa) genome allows for comparison of the full complement of p-type atpases in two different plant species. here, we identify a similar number (43) in rice, despite the rice genome being more than three times the size of arabidops ...	2003	12805592
differential expression of three members of the amt1 gene family encoding putative high-affinity nh4+ transporters in roots of oryza sativa subspecies indica.	in order to investigate the molecular basis of high-affinity ammonium absorption by roots of rice plants (oryza sativa subspecies indica) the expression patterns of three members of the amt1 family of genes in rice seedling roots in response to altered nitrogen provision and diurnal changes in irradiance were examined. the 13nh4+ influx and transcript levels of osamt1.1 in roots decreased several fold within 48 h when plants acclimated to 10 micro m external nh4+ for 3 weeks were transferred to ...	2003	12803618
role of abscisic acid in cadmium tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.	changes in abscisic acid (aba) contents in cd-treated rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings of two cultivars were investigated. on treatment with cdcl2, the aba content rapidly increased in the leaves and roots of cd-tolerant cultivar (cv. tainung 67, tng67) but not in the cd-sensitive cultivar (cv. taichung native 1, tn1). the reduction of transpiration rate of tn1 caused by cd was less than that of tng67. exogenous application of aba reduced transpiration rate, decreased cd content, and enhanced cd ...	2003	12803614
control of water uptake by rice ( oryza sativa l.): role of the outer part of the root.	a new pressure-perfusion technique was used to measure hydraulic and osmotic properties of the outer part of roots (opr) of 30-day-old rice plants (lowland cultivar: ir64, and upland cultivar: azucena). the opr comprised rhizodermis, exodermis, sclerenchyma and one cortical cell layer. the technique involved perfusion of aerenchyma of segments from two different root zones (20-50 mm and 50-100 mm from the tip) at precise rates using aerated nutrient solution. the hydraulic conductivity of the op ...	2003	12783327
interaction between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and jun-activation-domain-binding protein 1 in the meristem of rice, oryza sativa l.	the eukaryotic polymerase processivity factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), interacts with many cell cycle-regulator proteins and with proteins involved in the mechanisms of dna replication and repair. in the present study using two-hybrid analysis with pcna from rice, oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare (ospcna), we found that ospcna interacted in vitro and in vivo with rice jun-activation-domain-binding protein 1 (osjab1), which is known as cop9/signalsome subunit 5. both ospcna and o ...	2003	12783325
development of a quantitative pachytene chromosome map in oryza sativa by imaging methods.	a higher gc content region of an oryza sativa chromosome can be specifically visualized by double staining with propidium iodide (pi) and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi). this procedure allows identification of chromosome 9 from the other rice chromosomes at the pachytene stage. using rice chromosome 9 as a model, an imaging method to construct a pachytene chromosomal map was developed by quantifying the fluorescence profile (fp) of each chromomere. the pachytene map of chromosome 9 consist ...	2003	12773815
characterization of proteins responsive to gibberellin in the leaf-sheath of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling using proteome analysis.	in plants gibberellins (gas) are responsible for triggering stem or internodal elongation. to comprehend the molecular basis of internodal elongation in rice, a proteomics approach using differentially displayed proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-d page) was carried out to identify the proteins expressed during the ga controlled leaf-sheath elongation response. out of 352 protein spots detected on 2-d page, 32 proteins showed modulation in the expression levels in ...	2003	12576669
seed yield and plant biomass increases in rice are conferred by deregulation of endosperm adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	in this work we test the hypothesis that yield of rice ( oryza sativa l.) can be enhanced by increasing endosperm activity of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agp), a key enzyme in starch biosynthesis. the potential for increases in yield exist because rice initiates more seeds than are taken to maturity and possesses excess photosynthetic capacity that could be utilized if there were more demand for assimilate. following an approach already shown to be successful in wheat, experiments were design ...	2003	12569408
molecular cloning and mrna expression analysis of a novel rice (oryzasativa l.) mapk kinase kinase, osedr1, an ortholog of arabidopsis atedr1, reveal its role in defense/stress signalling pathways and development.	mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade(s) is important for plant defense/stress responses. though mapks have been identified and characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.), a monocot cereal crop research model, the first upstream component of the kinase cascade, namely mapk kinase kinase (mapkkk) has not yet been identified. here we report the cloning of a novel rice gene encoding a mapkkk, osedr1, designated based on its homology with the arabidopsis mapkkk, atedr1. osedr1, a single copy ...	2003	12559953
characterization of a unique genomic clone located 5' upstream of the oshsp16.9b gene on chromosome 1 in rice (oryza sativa l. cv tainung no. 67).	small heat-shock proteins (shsp) are the most abundant heat stress-induced proteins in plants. in rice, there are at least seven members of class-i shsp. a 1.6-kb dna fragment was isolated from the ecori-digested rice genomic library probed with the cdna pts1 encoding a 16.9-kda class-i shsp. this fragment was composed of 365-bp tandem direct repeats (drs) and 441-bp near perfect long terminal inverted repeats (ltirs). the drs contain 123-bp regions with 99% nucleotide identity to the 5' coding ...	2003	12589551
characteristics of floral organs related to reliable self-pollination in rice (oryza sativa l.).	in many varieties of rice, the length of basal pores on the thecae just after anthesis is strongly correlated both with the percentage of florets receiving adequate pollen and with the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigmata and its variation (coefficient of variation). therefore, the size of the basal pores is considered to be an important factor for the reliable self-pollination of rice. we discuss how long basal pores may facilitate self- pollination.	2003	12588727
organ-specific expressions and chromosomal locations of two mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase genes from rice (oryza sativa l.), aldh2a and aldh2b.	recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde:nad(p)(+) oxidoreductase, ec 1.2.1.3) (aldh2) plays essential roles in pollen development in plants. rice (oryza sativa l.) aldh2 is encoded by at least two aldh2 genes, one of which (aldh2a) was previously identified. in this study, to understand the roles of aldh2 in rice, we isolated and characterized a cdna clone encoding another rice aldh2 (aldh2b). an in vitro aldh assay indicated that aldh2b possesses an nad ...	2003	12609740
osdreb genes in rice, oryza sativa l., encode transcription activators that function in drought-, high-salt- and cold-responsive gene expression.	the transcription factors drebs/cbfs specifically interact with the dehydration-responsive element/c-repeat (dre/crt) cis-acting element (core motif: g/accgac) and control the expression of many stress-inducible genes in arabidopsis. in rice, we isolated five cdnas for dreb homologs: osdreb1a, osdreb1b, osdreb1c, osdreb1d, and osdreb2a. expression of osdreb1a and osdreb1b was induced by cold, whereas expression of osdreb2a was induced by dehydration and high-salt stresses. the osdreb1a and osdre ...	2003	12609047
rice mapks.	mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are evolutionary conserved from unicellular to complex eukaryotic organisms, and constitute one of the major signalling pathways involved in regulating a wide range of cellular activities from growth and development to cell death. mapks of rice (oryza sativa l.), the most important of all food crops and an established monocot plant research model, have seen considerable progress mainly on their identification and characterization during the past o ...	2003	12604328
salinity stress-tolerant and -sensitive rice (oryza sativa l.) regulate akt1-type potassium channel transcripts differently.	in the indica rice (oryza sativa l.) a cdna was characterized that encoded osakt1 homologous to inward-rectifying potassium channels of the akt/kat subfamily. transcript analysis located osakt1 predominantly in roots with low abundance in leaves. cell-specificity of osakt expression was analyzed by in situ hybridizations. in roots, strongest signals were localized to the epidermis and the endodermis, whereas lower transcript levels were detected in cells of the vasculature and the cortex. in lea ...	2003	12602892
ossend-1: a new rad2 nuclease family member in higher plants.	a novel endonuclease, a new member of the rad2 nuclease family, has been identified from the higher plant, rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare), and designated as ossend-1. the open reading frame of the ossend-1 cdna encoded a predicted product of 641 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 69.9 kda. the encoded protein showed a relatively high degree of sequence homology with the rad2 nuclease family proteins, especially rad2 nuclease, but it differed markedly from fen-1, xpg or hex1/ex ...	2003	12602891
effect of o-phenylenediamine on cu adsorption and desorption in red soil and its uptake by paddy rice (oryza sativa).	a study was carried out of cu adsorption and desorption processes in red soil as affected by o-phenylenediamine (o-pd) in the range 0-80 mg/l. the results indicated that the presence of o-pd enhanced cu adsorption in red soil in weakly acid media, meanwhile, desorption percentage of cu from soil, extracted by 1.0 m mgcl(2), also increased when cu adsorption in soil occurred in the presence of o-pd. the response of paddy rice to cu in red soil shows that cu toxicity was mitigated in the presence ...	2003	12586140
cmap: the comparative genetic map viewer.	cmap, a www comparative genetic map graphical utility, has a search capability and provides comparison of two genetic maps within or between species with dynamic links to data resources and text lists of the shared loci, running in a relational database environment. currently, maps from three species (maize 'zea mays l.', rice 'oryza sativa l.', and sorghum 'sorghum bicolor l.'), representing over 13,800 distinct loci, are available for comparison at http://www.agron.missouri.edu/cmapdb/cmap.htm ...	2003	12584129
sequence analysis, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the rice vdac family.	the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (vdac) is a mitochondrial outer membrane ion channel. different isoforms exist in plants but information about their specific role remains to be established. our purpose is to find out the structural features common to three rice vdac isoforms and to investigate their (post)transcriptional regulation in response to an osmotic stress. two new cdnas encoding mitochondrial vdac from rice (oryza sativa) were isolated, sequenced and characterized: a phylo ...	2003	12527425
chalcone isomerase gene from rice (oryza sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare): physical, genetic and mutation mapping.	the barley and rice chalcone flavonone isomerase (cfi) genes were isolated and identified by homology to the maize cfi gene. structure analysis indicated high similarity except that the barley gene lacked intron 3. the maize cfi gene has been mapped to three loci, but only a single locus was detected in barley and rice. this explains the lack of observed mutants in maize while a single locus anthocyanin-less 30 (ant30), with four alleles ant30-245, ant30-310, ant30-272 and ant30-287 has been des ...	2003	12527208
mobilization of a transposon in the rice genome.	rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important crop worldwide and, with the availability of the draft sequence, a useful model for analysing the genome structure of grasses. to practice efficient rice breeding through genetic engineering techniques, it is important to identify the economically important genes in this crop. the use of mobile transposons as gene tags in intact plants is a powerful tool for functional analysis because transposon insertions often inactivate genes. here we identify an active ...	2003	12520304
an active dna transposon family in rice.	the publication of draft sequences for the two subspecies of oryza sativa (rice), japonica (cv. nipponbare) and indica (cv. 93-11), provides a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of transposable elements in this important crop plant. here we report the use of these sequences in a computational approach to identify the first active dna transposons from rice and the first active miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) from any organism. a sequence classified as a tourist-like mi ...	2003	12520302
the tigr rice genome annotation resource: annotating the rice genome and creating resources for plant biologists.	rice is not only a major food staple for the world's population but it also is a model species for a major group of flowering plants, the monocotyledonous plants. draft genomic sequence of two subspecies of rice, oryza sativa spp. japonica and indica ssp. are publicly available. to provide the community with a resource to data-mine the rice genome, we have constructed an annotation resource for rice (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/e2k1/osa1/). in this resource, we have annotated the rice genome for gen ...	2003	12519988
mosdb: an integrated information resource for rice genomics.	the mips rice (oryza sativa) database (mosdb; http://mips.gsf.de/proj/rice) provides a comprehensive data collection dedicated to the genome information of rice. rice (o. sativa l.) is one of the most important food crops for over half the world's population and serves as a major model system in cereal genome research. mosdb integrates data from two publicly available rice genomic sequences, o. sativa l. ssp. indica and o. sativa l. ssp. japonica. besides regularly updated rice genome sequence i ...	2003	12519979
aerenchyma and an inducible barrier to radial oxygen loss facilitate root aeration in upland, paddy and deep-water rice (oryza sativa l.).	the present study evaluated waterlogging tolerance, root porosity and radial o(2) loss (rol) from the adventitious roots, of seven upland, three paddy, and two deep-water genotypes of rice (oryza sativa l.). upland types, with the exception of one genotype, were as tolerant of 30 d soil waterlogging as the paddy and deep-water types. in all but one of the 12 genotypes, the number of adventitious roots per stem increased for plants grown in waterlogged, compared with drained, soil. when grown in ...	2003	12509350
responses by coleoptiles of intact rice seedlings to anoxia: k(+) net uptake from the external solution and translocation from the caryopses.	this study evaluated the effects of anoxia on k(+) uptake and translocation in 3-4-d-old, intact, rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. calrose). rates of net k(+) uptake from the medium over 24 h by coleoptiles of anoxic seedlings were inhibited by 83-91 %, when compared with rates in aerated seedlings. similar uptake rates, and degree of inhibition due to anoxia, were found for rb(+) when supplied over 1.5-2 h, starting 22 h after imposing anoxia. the rb(+) uptake indicated that intact coleoptil ...	2003	12509347
regulation of submergence-induced enhanced shoot elongation in oryza sativa l.	rice (oryza sativa l.) is the only cereal that can be cultivated in the frequently flooded river deltas of south-east and south asia. the survival strategies used by rice have been studied quite extensively and the role of several phytohormones in the elongation response has been established. deep-water rice cultivars can diminish flooding stress by rapid elongation of their submerged tissues to keep up with the rising waters. other rice cultivars may react by mechanisms of submergence tolerance ...	2003	12509346
novel rice map kinases osmsrmk3 and oswjumk1 involved in encountering diverse environmental stresses and developmental regulation.	we report isolation of two novel rice (oryza sativa l.) mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), osmsrmk3 (multiple stress responsive) and oswjumk1 (wound- and ja-uninducible) that most likely exist as single copy genes in its genome. osmsrmk3 and oswjumk1 encode 369 and 569 amino acid polypeptides having the mapk family signature and phosphorylation activation motifs tey and tdy, respectively. steady state mrna analyses of these mapks with constitutive expression in leaves of two-week-old see ...	2003	12507518
genetic analysis and mapping of gene fzp(t) controlling spikelet differentiation in rice.	a mutant of spikelet differentiation in rice called frizzle panicle (fzp) was discovered in the progeny of a cross between oryza sativa ssp. indica cv. v20b and cv. hua1b. the mutant exhibits normal plant morphology but has apparently fewer tillers. the most striking change in fzp is that its spikelet differentiation is completely blocked, with unlimited subsequent rachis branches generated from the positions where spikelets normally develop in wild-type plants. genetic analysis suggests that fz ...	2003	18763148
global transcript analysis of rice leaf and seed using sage technology.	we have compiled two comprehensive gene expression profiles from mature leaf and immature seed tissue of rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar nipponbare) using serial analysis of gene expression (sage) technology. analysis revealed a total of 50 519 sage tags, corresponding to 15 131 unique transcripts. of these, the large majority (approximately 70%) occur only once in both libraries. unexpectedly, the most abundant transcript (approximately 3% of the total) in the leaf library was derived ...	2003	17163904
a bidirectional gene trap construct suitable for t-dna and ds-mediated insertional mutagenesis in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a construct suitable for genome-wide transfer-dna (t-dna) and subsequent transposon-based (ds) gene trapping has been developed for use in rice (oryza sativa). this t-dna/ds construct contains: ds terminal sequences immediately inside t-dna borders for subsequent ds mobilization; promoterless green fluorescent protein (sgfps65t) and beta-glucuronidase (uida) reporter genes, each fused to an intron (from arabidopsis gpa1 gene) to enable bidirectional gene trapping by t-dna or ds; an ampicillin re ...	2004	17168884
sequence variations of simple sequence repeats on chromosome-4 in two subspecies of the asian cultivated rice.	computational screening of the chromosome-4 sequence of the rice cultivar nipponbare ( oryza sativa l. japonica) revealed 1,844 tandem simple sequence repeats (ssrs) or microsatellites with ssr motifs >/=20 bp and repeated unit length of 1-6 base pairs. thus ssrs occur once in every 18.8 kb, on the average, on the chromosome with one ssr per 23.8 kb and 16 kb on the short and long arms, respectively. no ssr was detected in the core region of the centromere. poly(at)(n) repeats represented the mo ...	2004	14564393
characterization of two rice dna methyltransferase genes and rnai-mediated reactivation of a silenced transgene in rice callus.	two genomic clones ( osmet1-1, af 462029 and osmet1-2, tpa bk001405), each encoding a cytosine-5 dna methyltransferase (mtase), were isolated from rice ( oryza sativa l.) bac libraries. osmet1-1 has an open reading frame of 4,566 nucleotides with 12 exons and 11 introns while osmet1-2 has an open reading frame of 4,491 nucleotides with 11 exons and 10 introns. although osmet1-1 and osmet1-2 have high sequence similarity overall, they share only 24% identity in exon 1, and intron 3 of osmet1-1 is ...	2004	14513380
stable transformation of rice (oryza sativa l.) via microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues derived from mature seed.	a highly efficient and reproducible transformation system for rice ( oryza sativa l. cv. taipei 309) was developed using microprojectile bombardment of highly regenerative, green tissues. these tissues were induced from mature seeds on nb-based medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) and high concentrations of cupric sulfate under dim light conditions; germinating shoots and roots were completely removed. highly regenerative, green tissues were prolife ...	2004	14551731
identification of a new gene controlling plant height in rice using the candidate-gene strategy.	a gene underlying a quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling plant height on chromosome 1 (qtlph1) in rice ( oryza sativa l.) was identified using the candidate-gene strategy. first, the function of a targeted gene was analyzed using near isogenic lines (nils) in which the chromosomal region of a targeted qtl was substituted with that of another line. second, for physiological information, the candidate gene was selected in the annotation data by the genome sequencing. physiological analyses o ...	2004	14534788
delimitation of the chromosomal region for a quantitative trait locus, quvr- 10, conferring resistance to ultraviolet-b radiation in rice (oryza sativa l.).	wide variation in ultraviolet-b (uvb) resistance is observed among rice varieties. in a previous study, three quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling uvb resistance were detected by qtl analysis, using backcross inbred lines (bils) derived from a cross between a japonica cultivar, 'nipponbare', and an indica cultivar, 'kasalath'. among them, quvr- 10, a qtl for uvb resistance on chromosome 10, showed the largest effect. plants homozygous for the nipponbare allele at quvr- 10 were resistant to ...	2004	14614563
introns are key regulatory elements of rice tubulin expression.	the genomic clones containing elements that regulate transcription of the three known rice ( oryza sativa l.) alpha-tubulin isotypes ( ostua1, ostua2 and ostua3) have been isolated. we have used these genomic regions to identify the regulatory elements that contribute to the expression of a marker gene ( gusa) in transient assays performed on rice calli derived from mature embryos. in all cases, we found that the first intron was required to achieve high levels of expression. this is consistent ...	2004	14625773
mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling low-temperature germinability in rice (oryza sativa l.).	low-temperature germination is one of the major determinants for stable stand establishment in the direct seeding method in temperate regions, and at high altitudes of tropical regions. quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling low-temperature germinability in rice were identified using 122 backcross inbred lines (bils) derived from a cross between temperate japonica varieties, italica livorno and hayamasari. the germination rate at 15 degrees c was measured to represent low-temperature germina ...	2004	14624339
identification of aluminium-regulated genes by cdna-aflp in rice (oryza sativa l.): aluminium-regulated genes for the metabolism of cell wall components.	aluminium (al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity in acid soils. to investigate the molecular mechanisms of al toxicity and al tolerance of rice, cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) was used for identifying al-regulated genes in roots of an al-tolerant tropical upland rice, azucena, and an al-sensitive lowland rice, ir1552. nineteen function-known genes were found among 34 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) regulated by al stress. the results indicate th ...	2004	14645395
a post genomic characterization of arabidopsis ferredoxins.	in higher plant plastids, ferredoxin (fd) is the unique soluble electron carrier protein located in the stroma. consequently, a wide variety of essential metabolic and signaling processes depend upon reduction by fd. the currently available plant genomes of arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) contain several genes encoding putative fds, although little is known about the proteins themselves. to establish whether this variety represents redundancy or specialized function, we have recombinantly ex ...	2004	14684843
evolutionary dynamics of the dna-binding domains in putative r2r3-myb genes identified from rice subspecies indica and japonica genomes.	the molecular evolution of the r2r3-myb gene family is of great interest because it is one of the most important transcription factor gene families in the plant kingdom. comparative analyses of a gene family may reveal important adaptive changes at the protein level and thereby provide insights that relate structure to function. we have performed a range of comparative and bioinformatics analyses on r2r3-myb genes identified from the rice (oryza sativa subsp. japonica and indica) and arabidopsis ...	2004	14966247
lipoic acid-dependent oxidative catabolism of alpha-keto acids in mitochondria provides evidence for branched-chain amino acid catabolism in arabidopsis.	lipoic acid-dependent pathways of alpha-keto acid oxidation by mitochondria were investigated in pea (pisum sativum), rice (oryza sativa), and arabidopsis. proteins containing covalently bound lipoic acid were identified on isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separations of mitochondrial proteins by the use of antibodies raised to this cofactor. all these proteins were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. lipoic acid-containing acyltransferases from ...	2004	14764908
proteomic identification of alpha-amylase isoforms encoded by ramy3b/3c from germinating rice seeds.	we isolated and identified 10 alpha-amylase isoforms by using beta-cyclodextrin sepharose affinity column chromatography and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds. immunoblots with anti-alpha-amylase i-1 and ii-4 antibodies indicated that 8 isoforms in 10 are distinguishable from alpha-amylase i-1 and ii-4. peptide mass fingerprinting analysis showed that there exist novel isoforms encoded by ramy3b and ramy3c genes. the optimum temperat ...	2004	14745172
comparative dna sequence analysis of mapped wheat ests reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat.	the use of dna sequence-based comparative genomics for evolutionary studies and for transferring information from model species to related large-genome species has revolutionized molecular genetics and breeding strategies for improving those crops. comparative sequence analysis methods can be used to cross-reference genes between species maps, enhance the resolution of comparative maps, study patterns of gene evolution, identify conserved regions of the genomes, and facilitate interspecies gene ...	2004	14740255
identification and functional analysis of a locus for improvement of lodging resistance in rice.	we identified a new locus responsible for increased pushing resistance of the lower part of rice (oryza sativa) and analyzed its physiological function to understand how to improve lodging resistance in rice. quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling pushing resistance of the lower part were analyzed in a population of backcross inbred lines of japonica nipponbare x indica kasalath plants cut out at 40 cm to exclude the effect of the weight of the upper parts. five qtls for pushing resistance w ...	2004	14739343
expressional analysis of an erebp transcription factor gene osebp-89 in rice.	osebp-89 gene encodes an ethylene responsive element binding protein (erebp) transcription factor from rice (oryza sativa). northern blot analysis revealed that osebp-89 was expressed in root, stem, seeds, flowers and leaves of rice. histochemical assay showed that gus expressed mainly in phloem of vascular tissues of the root and stem transition region (rst), basal part of sheath roots, stem node and basal part of adventitious roots, also in endosperm of seeds in transgenic rice harboring osebp ...	2004	14732870
map-based cloning of a fertility restorer gene, rf-1, in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a rice nuclear gene, rf-1, restores the pollen fertility disturbed by the bt-type male sterile cytoplasm, and is widely used for commercial seed production of japonica hybrid varieties. genomic fragments carrying rf-1 were identified by conducting chromosome walking and a series of complementation tests. isolation and analysis of cdna clones corresponding to the fragments demonstrated that rf-1 encodes a mitochondrially targeted protein containing 16 repeats of the 35-aa pentatricopeptide repeat ...	2004	14731253
calcium sensors and their interacting protein kinases: genomics of the arabidopsis and rice cbl-cipk signaling networks.	calcium signals mediate a multitude of plant responses to external stimuli and regulate a wide range of physiological processes. calcium-binding proteins, like calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins, represent important relays in plant calcium signaling. these proteins form a complex network with their target kinases being the cbl-interacting protein kinases (cipks). here, we present a comparative genomics analysis of the full complement of cbls and cipks in arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa). we co ...	2004	14730064
differential expression of an s-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase gene involved in polyamine biosynthesis under low temperature stress in japonica and indica rice genotypes.	we have investigated the regulation of the rice (oryza sativa) gene ossamdc, which encodes an s-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (samdc) involved in polyamine biosynthesis. clones representing genes differentially expressed at 5 degrees c and 20 degrees c were isolated from a cdna library prepared from the chilling-tolerant japonica-type cultivar yukihikari. the full-length ossamdc cdna consists of 1560 bp, with the longest orf encoding a polypeptide of 398 amino acids. southern analysis indi ...	2004	14727183
a new resource for cereal genomics: 22k barley genechip comes of age.	in recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to rna and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. however, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. we report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22k barley1 genechip probe array, a model for plants without a fully seque ...	2004	15020760
identification of 20 micrornas from oryza sativa.	micrornas (mirnas) are present in both plant and animal kingdoms and represents a growing family of non-coding rnas. these tiny rnas act as small guides and direct negative regulations usually in the process of development through sequence complementarity to target mrnas. although a large number of mirnas have been identified from various animals, so far plant mirna studies have focused mainly on arabidopsis. here we describe the identification of 20 mirnas from a rice cdna library. all the mirn ...	2004	15020705
chromosomes associate premeiotically and in xylem vessel cells via their telomeres and centromeres in diploid rice ( oryza sativa).	studies of the meiosis of diploid plants such as arabidopsis, maize and diploid progenitors of wheat have revealed no premeiotic association of chromosomes. premeiotic and somatic association of chromosomes has only been previously observed in the anther tissues and xylem vessel cells of developing roots in polyploid plants such as hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, polyploid relatives of wheat and artificial polyploids made from the progenitor diploids of wheat. this suggested that this associatio ...	2004	15007655
isolation and characterization of a novel rice gene encoding a putative insect-inducible protein homologous to wheat wir1.	a full-length cdna, designated bphi008a, was cloned representing a rice (oryza sativa) mrna that accumulates after brown planthopper (bph) nilapar vata lugens stål feeding. the cdna encodes a putative 82 amino acid protein (bphi008a) exhibiting about 37% amino acid sequence identity to wir1 family of proteins that are encoded by pathogen-induced transcripts in wheat. like wir1 proteins, it consists of a hydrophobic n-terminal half and a hydrophilic c-terminal half relatively rich in glycine and ...	2004	15002667
aluminium-induced production of oxygen radicals, lipid peroxidation and dna damage in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa).	the effect of aluminium (al) on seedlings of two rice cultivars, pusa basmati and vikas was investigated after different hours of exposure to 80 mol/l of external al supply. with increasing time of exposure, the growing seedlings readily absorbed al and its localization was greater in roots than shoots. prolonged exposure to al intensified lipid peroxidation, changed the activities of sod and peroxidase and caused dna damage. however, differential responses were observed between the seedlings of ...	2004	15002665
spermine accumulation under salt stress.	polyamines have long been recognized to be linked to stress situations, and it is generally accepted that they have protective characteristics. however, little is known about their physiological relevance in plants subjected to long-term salt stress. in order to precise their importance, two rice (oryza sativa) cultivars differing in their salt tolerance were salinized for 7, 14 and 21 days. the activities of some of the enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, free polyamines and proline conte ...	2004	15002662
genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (oryza sativa l.). the characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. in genera ...	2004	14994428
analysis of digenic epistatic effects and qe interaction effects qtl controlling grain weight in rice.	immortalized f(2) population of rice (oryza sativa l.) was developed by randomly mating f(1) among recombinant inbred (ri) lines derived from (zhenshan 97b x minghui 63), which allowed replications within and across environments. qtl (quantitative trait loci) mapping analysis on kilo-grain weight of immortalized f(2) population was performed by using newly developed software for qtl mapping, qtlmapper 2.0. eleven distinctly digenic epistatic loci included a total of 15 qtl were located on eight ...	2004	14994424
development and mapping of est-derived simple sequence repeat markers for hexaploid wheat.	expressed sequence tags (ests) are a valuable source of molecular markers. to enhance the resolution of an existing linkage map and to identify putative functional polymorphic gene loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), over 260,000 ests from 5 different grass species were analyzed and 5418 ssr-containing sequences were identified. using sequence similarity analysis, 156 cross-species superclusters and 138 singletons were used to develop primer pairs, which were then tested on the genom ...	2004	15499395
quantitative analyses of relationships between ecotoxicological effects and combined pollution.	the responses of wheat triticum aestivum, rice oryza sativa, earthworms eisenia foetida, and prawns penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-cu, cd-zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology. in particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. results showed that ecotoxicological effects under the combined pollution were not only related to chemical properties of pollutants but also dependent on the concentrat ...	2004	15493474
the trna and rrna genes in the oryza sativa genome.	in the recently assembled genomes of rice oryza sativa ssp. indica and japonica, we identified 564 and 519 trna genes, respectively. the modified wobble hypothesis, namely, at least 46 trna species must present in order to decode all 61 possible anticodons, is perfectly observed in both subspecies. among the 46 trna species, indica and japonica have many identical ones in sequence. there are 18 rice trna species that have identical counterparts in arabidopsis. in the indica superscaffold dataset ...	2004	15493135
inheritance and qtl mapping of low temperature germinability in rice (oryza sativa l.).	quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling low temperature germinability (ltg) in rice were identified using 81 recombinant inbreed lines (rils) derived from a cross between a japonica variety kinmaze and an indica variety dv85. the accurate condition of ltg evaluation was assumed at 15 degrees c for 10 d after removing the effect of dormancy and the second dormancy. by setting check, the scores of ltg in this study were evaluated. the germination rate at 15 degrees c for 10 d was scored to repre ...	2004	15473322
characterization of the silicon uptake system and molecular mapping of the silicon transporter gene in rice.	rice (oryza sativa l. cv oochikara) is a typical silicon-accumulating plant, but the mechanism responsible for the high silicon uptake by the roots is poorly understood. we characterized the silicon uptake system in rice roots by using a low-silicon rice mutant (lsi1) and wild-type rice. a kinetic study showed that the concentration of silicon in the root symplastic solution increased with increasing silicon concentrations in the external solution but saturated at a higher concentration in both ...	2004	15448199
diterpene cyclases responsible for the biosynthesis of phytoalexins, momilactones a, b, and oryzalexins a-f in rice.	rice (oryza sativa l.) produces diterpene phytoalexins, such as momilactones, oryzalexins, and phytocassanes. using rice genome information and in vitro assay with recombinant enzymes, we identified genes (osks4 and osks10) encoding the type-a diterpene cyclases 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene synthase and ent-sandaracopimaradiene synthase which are involved in the biosynthesis of momilactones a, b and oryzalexins a-f respectively. transcript levels of these two genes increased remarkably after ultravio ...	2004	15388982
four rice genes encoding nadp malic enzyme exhibit distinct expression profiles.	in plants, the nadp malic enzymes (nadp-mes) are encoded by small gene families. these nadp-me gene families are relatively well described in c4 plants but not well studied in c3 plants. in this study, we investigated the nadp-me gene family in a model c3 monocot plant (rice, oryza sativa) based on its recently released genomic dna sequence. we found that the rice nadp-me family is composed of four members, one plastidic nadp-me and three cytosolic versions. although the rice nadp-me genes ident ...	2004	15388961
comparative toxicity of thiobencarb and deschlorothiobencarb to rice (oryza sativa).		2004	15386094
phosphorus deficiency-induced root elongation and its qtl in rice (oryza sativa l.).	a significant level of root elongation was induced in rice (oryza sativa) grown under phosphorus-deficient conditions. the root elongation clearly varied among a total of 62 varieties screened under two different phosphorus levels. two contrasting varieties, 'gimbozu', with a low elongating response and 'kasalath', with a high elongating response, were chosen and crossed to produce a hybrid population for qtl analyses. qtls for the phosphorus deficiency-induced root elongation were detected by t ...	2004	15375618
pistil induction by hormones from callus of oryza sativa in vitro.	this study describes the successful formation of floral organ pistil from the callus of pistil explants of oryza sativa l. for induction of floral organs, different explants--including young embryo, lemma, palea and pistil--were used for callus induction with different combinations of n(6)-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). high frequencies of callus formation from pistil and young embryo explants were achieved. floral organs were induced after calli from pistils were tran ...	2004	15365761
qtls for branching, floret formation, and pre-flowering floret abortion of rice panicle in a temperate japonica x tropical japonica cross.	a large panicle with numerous florets is essential for improving rice ( oryza sativa l.) yield. rice panicle size is determined by such underlying morphogenetic processes as: (1) primary branch formation on the panicle axis; (2) floret formation on the primary branches (mainly determined by the secondary branch formation); and (3) pre-flowering abortion of florets in the panicle. we examined qtls for these processes to understand how they are integrated into panicle size. we developed 106 backcr ...	2004	15365628
ectopic expression of a cold-inducible transcription factor, cbf1/dreb1b, in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).	the gene encoding c-repeat/dehydration-responsive element binding factor 1 (cbf1/dreb1b) of arabidopsis was introduced into rice (oryza sativa l.) under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. its incorporation and expression in transgenic rice plants were confirmed by dna and rna gel-blot analyses. cold tolerance in the transgenics was not significantly different from that of the wild-type plants, as determined by ion leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence, and survival rates. however, the cold ...	2004	15359131