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factors influencing the salmonella internalization into seedpods and whole plants of arachis hypogaea (l.).here we investigated whether salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium atcc 14028 was capable of internalizing in peanut seedpods and plants when exposed to inoculated soil and the edaphic factors that influenced uptake. intact dry virginia (dv) and fresh green virginia (gv) seedpods were exposed to soil containing 6.5 log (cfu/g) salmonella under different soil moisture conditions. internalization of s. typhimurium into peanut plants germinated in inoculated soil was also examined with and withou ...201728576367
transcriptome changes associated with tomato spotted wilt virus infection in various life stages of its thrips vector, frankliniella fusca (hinds).persistent propagative viruses maintain intricate interactions with their arthropod vectors. in this study, we investigated the transcriptome-level responses associated with a persistent propagative phytovirus infection in various life stages of its vector using an illumina hiseq sequencing platform. the pathosystem components included a tospovirus, tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), its insect vector, frankliniella fusca (hinds), and a plant host, arachis hypogaea (l.). we assembled (de novo) re ...201728741996
draft whole genome sequence of groundnut stem rot fungus athelia rolfsii revealing genetic architect of its pathogenicity and virulence.groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important oil seed crop having major biotic constraint in production due to stem rot disease caused by fungus, athelia rolfsii causing 25-80% loss in productivity. as chemical and biological combating strategies of this fungus are not very effective, thus genome sequencing can reveal virulence and pathogenicity related genes for better understanding of the host-parasite interaction. we report draft assembly of athelia rolfsii genome of ~73 mb having 8919 con ...201728706242
indirect interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and spodoptera exigua alter photosynthesis and plant endogenous hormones.peanut (arachis hypogaea linn. cv: luhua 11) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv: zhongshu 4) were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) funneliformis mosseae beg167 (fm), rhizophagus intraradices beg141 (ri), and glomus versiforme berch (gv), and/or spodoptera exigua (s. exigua) under greenhouse conditions. results indicated that feeding by s. exigua had little influence on colonization of peanut plants by amf, but improved colonization of tomato by fm and gv. feeding by s ...201728424944
nitric oxide inhibits al-induced programmed cell death in root tips of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by affecting physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall.it has been reported that nitric oxide (no) is a negative regulator of aluminum (al)-induced programmed cell death (pcd) in peanut root tips. however, the inhibiting mechanism of no on al-induced pcd is unclear. in order to investigate the mechanism by which no inhibits al-induced pcd, the effects of co-treatment al with the exogenous no donor or the no-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (cw) in root tip cells of no inhibiti ...201729311970
growth promotion of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and maize (zea mays l.) plants by single and mixed cultures of efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria that are tolerant to abiotic stress and pesticides.the aims of this study were, to analyze in vitro phosphate solubilization activity of six native peanut bacteria and to determine the effect of single and mixed inoculation of these bacteria on peanut and maize plants. ability to produce organic acids and cofactor pqq, to solubilize fepo4 and alpo4 and phosphatase activity were analyzed. also, the ability to solubilize phosphate under abiotic stress and in the presence of pesticides of the selected bacteria was determined. the effect of single a ...201728454714
characterization by lectin histochemistry of two subpopulations of parietal cells in the rat gastric glands.parietal cells undergo a differentiation process while they move from the isthmus toward the pits and the base region of the gastric gland. the aim of this work was to analyze the rat gastric glands by lectin histochemistry to show the glycans expressed by upper (young) and lower (old) parietal cells. we used lectins recognizing the most frequent sugar moieties in mammals. each lectin was assayed alone and in combination with several deglycosylation pretreatments: (1) β-elimination, which remove ...201728438092
molecular mapping of oil content and fatty acids using dense genetic maps in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.).enhancing seed oil content with desirable fatty acid composition is one of the most important objectives of groundnut breeding programs globally. genomics-assisted breeding facilitates combining multiple traits faster, however, requires linked markers. in this context, we have developed two different f2 mapping populations, one for oil content (oc-population, icgv 07368 × icgv 06420) and another for fatty acid composition (fa-population, icgv 06420 × sunoleic 95r). these two populations were phe ...201728588591
optimization of high-yielding protocol for dna extraction from the forest rhizosphere microbes.soil is major reservoir for microbes and harbors a vast microbial diversity. soil microbiota plays a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, bioremediation, and in health and disease states of humans, animals, and plants. it is imperative to understand the microbial signatures which are specific in such an ecosystem to unravel their potential role and impact on environment. during the recent years, exploration of soil microbial communities has been geared up with the advent of advanced sequencing ...201728555427
endophytic bacterial and fungal communities transmitted from cotyledons and germs in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) sprouts.seed-borne endophytes could be transmitted into sprouts. whether this happened in peanuts and the difference between microbial taxa in peanut germs and cotyledons remain unknown. in this research, illumina-based sequencing was employed to investigate the microbial taxa in peanut germs, cotyledons, and sprouts. sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was isolated and inoculated into peanut sprouts, and then, the growth of peanut seedlings was measured. the results illustrated that diverse bacteria and fungi we ...201728551744
target enrichment sequencing in cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) using probes designed from transcript sequences.enabled by the next generation sequencing, target enrichment sequencing (tes) is a powerful method to enrich genomic regions of interest and to identify sequence variations. the objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of probe design from transcript sequences for tes application in calling sequence variants in peanut, an important allotetraploid crop with a large genome size. in this study, we applied an in-solution hybridization method to enrich dna sequences of seven peanut geno ...201728492983
[breeding of peanut variety yuhua 4 by in vitro mutagenesis].the embryonic leaflets of peanut (arachis hypogaea) variety huayu 20 were used as explants and pingyangmycin as a mutagen to induce somatic embryos. four weeks after the inoculation, the survived explants were transferred to somatic embryo germination medium containing screening reagent hydroxyproline, and finally 15 regenerated plants were obtained. pedigree breeding method was used during the following selection breeding, and three lines with significantly increased yield and 23 lines with hig ...201728876031
biosynthesis of mgo nanoparticles using mushroom extract: effect on peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seed germination.current study describes the green, environmental friendly, and cost-effectiveness technique for the preparation of mgo nanoparticles (nps) via white button mushroom aqueous extract. the synthesized mgo nps were characterized using equipments such as x-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (dls), scanning electron microscope (sem), energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds), and thermal gravimetric analysis (tga) for average crystalline size, particle size, morphology, elemental analysis, and weigh ...201728791210
variability of arginine content and yield components in valencia peanut germplasm.peanut seeds are rich in arginine, an amino acid that has several positive effects on human health. establishing the genetic variability of arginine content in peanut will be useful for breeding programs that have high arginine as one of their goals. the objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of arginine content, pods/plant, seeds/pod, seed weight, and yield in valencia peanut germplasm. one hundred and thirty peanut genotypes were grown under field condition for two years. a rand ...201728744173
is peanut causing food allergy in cuba? preliminary assessment of allergic sensitization and ige specificity profile to peanut allergens in cuban allergic patients.peanut allergy is increasing at an alarming pace in developed countries. peanut (arachis hypogaea) is a common food in cuba. nevertheless, reported values of sensitization and symptom severity are usually low. as our objective, we carried out an evaluation of allergic sensitivity to perform an assessment of allergic sensitization and ige specificity profile to peanut allergens in cuban allergic patients.201728725335
transcriptome and differential expression profiling analysis of the mechanism of ca2+ regulation in peanut (arachis hypogaea) pod development.calcium not only serves as a necessary nutrient for plant growth but also acts as a ubiquitous central hub in a large number of signaling pathways. free ca2+ deficiency in the soil may cause early embryo abortion, which eventually led to abnormal development of peanut pod during the harvest season. to understand the mechanisms of ca2+ regulation in pod development, transcriptome analysis of peanut gynophores and pods was performed by comparing the treatments between free ca2+ sufficiency and fre ...201729033956
discovery of a new mechanism for regulation of plant triacylglycerol metabolism: the peanut diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 gene family transcriptome is highly enriched in alternative splicing variants.triacylglycerols (tags) are the most important energy storage form in oilseed crops. diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the kennedy pathway of tag biosynthesis. to date, little is known about the regulation of dgat activity in peanut (arachis hypogaea), an agronomically important oilseed crop that is cultivated in many parts of the world. in this study, seven distinct forms of type 1 dgat (ahdgat1.1-ahdgat1.7) were identified, cloned, and characterized. com ...201729031100
optimization of microwave roasting of peanuts and evaluation of its physicochemical and sensory attributes.in this study, the microwave (mw) roasting (mwr) of peanuts (arachis hypogaea l.) is attempted, optimized and compared with conventional drum roasting. a two factor/three level face centered composite design based mwr experiments was conducted at different roasting time (60, 180 and 300 s) and mw power levels (180, 540 and 900 w). the roasting quality was analyzed by physicochemical and sensory attributes of roasted peanuts and extracted oil viz., moisture loss, hardness, browning index (bi), in ...201728720972
isolation of an aba transporter-like 1 gene from arachis hypogaea that affects aba import and reduces aba sensitivity in arabidopsis.abscisic acid (aba) transporters are essential for the transport of aba from its sites of synthesis to its multiple sites of action within plants and are key players in plant stress responses. despite their importance, there is limited information on aba transporters in crop plants. in this study, we isolated and characterized an aba transporter-like 1 (ahatl1) gene from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) whose cognate protein, ahatl1, is a member of the atp-binding cassette transporter g subfamily an ...201728713410
effects of supplementing different levels of sun-dried groundnut foliage on intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in cattle offered a basal diet of a mixture of rice straw and para grass.eight male cambodian yellow cattle, initial body weight (bw) 136 ± 11.9 (±sd) kg; age 20 ± 2.5 (±sd) months, were randomly allocated to treatments in a double 4 × 4 latin square design to investigate the effects of different levels of crude protein (cp) from sun-dried groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) foliage (dgf) on feed intake, apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism. all animals were fed a basal diet of rice straw ad libitum and para grass (brachiaria mutica) at 1% of bw. the dgf was of ...201728698979
nutritional chemistry of the peanut (arachis hypogaea).peanuts, arachis hypogaea, are one of the most widely consumed legumes globally due to its nutrition, taste, and affordability. peanuts are protein and energy-rich and have been utilized worldwide to address the nutritional needs in developing countries. currently, its role in a heart-healthy diet has warranted tremendous attention among consumer groups and within the scientific community. additionally, current studies have identified the value in the phytonutrient composition of peanuts, such a ...201728662347
pics bags safely store unshelled and shelled groundnuts in niger.we conducted an experiment in niger to evaluate the performance of hermetic triple layer (purdue improved crop storage- pics) bags for the preservation of shelled and unshelled groundnut arachis hypogaea l. naturally-infested groundnut was stored in pics bags and woven bags for 6.7 months. after storage, the average oxygen level in the pics bags fell from 21% to 18% (v/v) and 21%-15% (v/v) for unshelled and shelled groundnut, respectively. identified pests present in the stored groundnuts were t ...201728659647
phylogenies of symbiotic genes of bradyrhizobium symbionts of legumes of economic and environmental importance in brazil support the definition of the new symbiovars pachyrhizi and sojae.bradyrhizobium comprises most tropical symbiotic nitrogen-fixing strains, but the correlation between symbiotic and core genes with host specificity is still unclear. in this study, the phylogenies of the nody/k and nifh genes of 45 bradyrhizobium strains isolated from legumes of economic and environmental importance in brazil (arachis hypogaea, acacia auriculiformis, glycine max, lespedeza striata, lupinus albus, stylosanthes sp. and vigna unguiculata) were compared to 16s rrna gene phylogeny a ...201728647304
pretreatment optimization, process control, mass and energy balances and economics of anaerobic co-digestion of arachis hypogaea (peanut) hull and poultry manure.the study explored biogas production from the co-digestion of arachis hypogaea hull and poultry droppings. mechanical and thermo-alkaline pretreatments were applied to a sample of the mixture. another sample was treated mechanically but without thermo-alkaline methods. optimization was done using the response surface methodology (rsm) and the artificial neural networks (anns). the optimal values for each of the five major parameters optimized are temperature of 32.00°c, ph of 7.62, retention tim ...201728599224
recombinants from the crosses between amphidiploid and cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea) for pest-resistance breeding programs.peanut is a major oilseed crop worldwide. in the brazilian peanut production, silvering thrips and red necked peanut worm are the most threatening pests. resistant varieties are considered an alternative to pest control. many wild diploid arachis species have shown resistance to these pests, and these can be used in peanut breeding by obtaining hybrid of a and b genomes and subsequent polyploidization with colchicine, resulting in an aabb amphidiploid. this amphidiploid can be crossed with culti ...201728423007
study of the genetic diversity of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster in aspergillus section flavi using insertion/deletion markers in peanut seeds from georgia, usa.aflatoxins are among the most powerful carcinogens in nature. the major aflatoxin-producing fungi are aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus. numerous crops, including peanut, are susceptible to aflatoxin contamination by these fungi. there has been an increased use of rna interference (rnai) technology to control phytopathogenic fungi in recent years. in order to develop molecular tools targeting specific genes of these fungi for the control of aflatoxins, it is necessary to obtain their genome ...201728506119
size dependent effects of antifungal phytogenic silver nanoparticles on germination, growth and biochemical parameters of rice (oryza sativa l), maize (zea mays l) and peanut (arachis hypogaea l).advancement in materials synthesis largely depends up on their diverse applications and commercialisation. antifungal effects of phytogenic silver nanoparticles (agnps) were evident, but the reports on the effects of the same on agricultural crops are scant. herein, we report for the first time, size dependent effects of phytogenic agnps (synthesised using stevia rebaudiana leaf extract) on the germination, growth and biochemical parameters of three important agricultural crops viz., rice (oryza ...201728476985
compatibility of azospirillum brasilense and pseudomonas fluorescens in growth promotion of groundnut ( arachis hypogea l.).we attempted to study the compatibility among plant beneficial bacteria in the culture level by growing them near in the nutrient agar plates. among all the bacteria tested, rhizobium was found to inhibit the growth of other bacteria. from the compatible group of pgpr, we have selected one biofertilizer (azospirillum brasilense strain tnau) and one biocontrol agent (pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf1) for further studies in the pot culture. we have also developed a bioformulation which is talc p ...201728489199
contribution of native phosphorous-solubilizing bacteria of acid soils on phosphorous acquisition in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).the present investigation analyzes the in vitro p solubilization [ca-p, al-p, fe(ii)-p, and fe(iii)-p] efficiency of native psb strains from acid soils of odisha and exploitation of the same through biofertilization in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) growth and p acquisition. one hundred six numbers of soil samples with ph ≤ 5.50 were collected from five districts of odisha viz., balasore, cuttack, khordha, keonjhar, and mayurbhanj. one bacterial isolate from each district were selected and analyze ...201728455550
scale-up and inhibitory studies on productivity of lipase from acinetobacter radioresistens pr8.acinetobacter radioresistens pr8 produces extracellular lipase depending upon growth media. in present work we not only screened the nutrient sources but also investigated the causes for variation in productivity. the nutrient sources investigated are, groundnut oil, groundnut cake and fresh groundnut. lower lipase productivity was observed on fresh ground nut in contrast to groundnut oil and groundnut cake. the lipase productivity was examined in the batch and parameters monitored were bacteria ...201728408095
ex vitro hairy root induction in detached peanut leaves for plant-nematode interaction studies.peanut (arachis hypogaea) production is largely affected by a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, including the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne arenaria that causes yield losses worldwide. transcriptome studies of wild arachis species, which harbor resistance to a number of pests and diseases, disclosed several candidate genes for m. arenaria resistance. peanut is recalcitrant to genetic transformation, so the use of agrobacterium rhizogenes-derived hairy roots emerged as an alternative ...201728400855
aspergillus flavus infection triggered immune responses and host-pathogen cross-talks in groundnut during in-vitro seed colonization.aflatoxin contamination, caused by fungal pathogen aspergillus flavus, is a major quality and health problem delimiting the trade and consumption of groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) worldwide. rna-seq approach was deployed to understand the host-pathogen interaction by identifying differentially expressed genes (degs) for resistance to in-vitro seed colonization (ivsc) at four critical stages after inoculation in j 11 (resistant) and jl 24 (susceptible) genotypes of groundnut. about 1,344.04 mill ...201728851929
genotypic regulation of aflatoxin accumulation but not aspergillus fungal growth upon post-harvest infection of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seeds.aflatoxin contamination is a major economic and food safety concern for the peanut industry that largely could be mitigated by genetic resistance. to screen peanut for aflatoxin resistance, ten genotypes were infected with a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing aspergillus flavus strain. percentages of fungal infected area and fungal gfp signal intensity were documented by visual ratings every 8 h for 72 h after inoculation. significant genotypic differences in fungal growth rates were doc ...201728704974
initial spore density has an influence on ochratoxin a content in aspergillus ochraceus cgmcc 3.4412 in pdb and its interaction with seeds.the morphology and secondary metabolism of aspergillus spp. are associated with initial spore density (isd). fatty acids (fa) are involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins (af) through aspergillus quorum sensing (qs). here, we studied how ochratoxin a (ota) was regulated by spore density in aspergillus ochraceus cgmcc 3.4412. the results contribute to understanding the role of spore density in morphogenesis, ota biosynthesis, and host-pathogen interactions. when a. ochraceus was grown in potato ...201728430142
peanut cake can replace soybean meal in supplements for lactating cows without affecting production.this study evaluated the total replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake in the concentrate supplement of lactating cows grazing. eight crossbred 5/8 holstein × 3/8 zebu cows between the 45th and 60th day of lactation and 507 ± 35 kg bw were distributed in a 4 × 4 double latin square design with four levels of peanut cake (0, 110, 220, and 330 g/kg of the dry matter-dm) as a replacement of soybean meal in the concentrate supplement. the intake of pasture, total (pasture + concentrate), crude ...201729238885
epitope-resolved detection of peanut-specific ige antibodies by surface plasmon resonance imaging.peanut allergy can be life-threatening and is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin e (ige) antibodies. investigation of ige antibody binding to allergenic epitopes can identify specific interactions underlying the allergic response. here, we report a surface plasmon resonance imaging (spri) immunoassay for differentiating ige antibodies by epitope-resolved detection. ige antibodies were first captured by magnetic beads bearing ige ϵ-chain-specific antibodies and then introduced into an s ...201729232483
prevalence and correlates of hypertension in a semi-rural population of southern india.while elevated blood pressure is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of hypertension still remains unclear for most populations. a door-to-door survey was conducted using modified who steps questionnaire in a group of villages under the thavanampalle mandal of chittoor district in the state of andhra pradesh of south india. data were collated and analyzed for 16,636 individuals (62.3% females and 37.7% males) above 15 years of age. overall, prevalence of hypertens ...201729180803
mutant transcriptome sequencing provides insights into pod development in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).pod size is the major yield component and a key target trait that is selected for in peanut breeding. however, although numerous quantitative trait loci (qtls) for peanut pod size have been described, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of this characteristic remain elusive. a peanut mutant with a narrower pod was developed in this study using ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) mutagenesis and designated as the "pod width" mutant line (pw). the fresh pod weight of pw was only about 40% ...201729170673
transgenic peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) overexpressing mtld gene showed improved photosynthetic, physio-biochemical, and yield-parameters under soil-moisture deficit stress in lysimeter system.peanut, an important oilseed crop, frequently encounters drought stress (ds) during its life cycle. in this study, four previously developed mtld transgenic (t) peanut lines were used for detailed characterization under ds, at the reproductive stage using lysimeter system under controlled greenhouse conditions. in dry-down experiments, t lines maintained better photosynthetic machinery, such as, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and spad (soil-plant analyses developm ...201729163606
inhibitory effect of arachis hypogaea (peanut) and its phenolics against methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation end product toxicity.methylglyoxal (mgo) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound that causes endothelial dysfunction and plays important roles in the development of diabetic complications. peanuts are rich in energy, minerals, and antioxidants. here, we report the potential beneficial effects of peanuts, and particularly the phenolic contents, against mgo-mediated cytotoxicity. firstly, we optimized the extraction conditions for maximum yield of phenolics from peanuts by examining different processing methods and e ...201729113063
genetic diversity and symbiotic effectiveness of bradyrhizobium strains nodulating selected annual grain legumes growing in ethiopia.vigna unguiculata, vigna radiata and arachis hypogaea growing in ethiopia are nodulated by a genetically diverse group of bradyrhizobium strains. to determine the genetic identity and symbiotic effectiveness of these bacteria, a collection of 36 test strains originating from the root nodules of the three hosts was investigated using multilocus sequence analyses (mlsa) of core genes including 16s rrna, reca, glnii, gyrb, atpd and dnak. sequence analysis of noda and nifh genes along with tests for ...201729143730
genetic variation and association mapping of seed-related traits in cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) using single-locus simple sequence repeat markers.cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an allotetraploid (aabb, 2n = 4x = 40), valued for its edible oil and digestible protein. seed size and weight are important agronomical traits significantly influence the yield and nutritional composition of peanut. however, the genetic basis of seed-related traits remains ambiguous. association mapping is a powerful approach for quickly and efficiently exploring the genetic basis of important traits in plants. in this study, a total of 104 peanut acce ...201729321787
genome-wide discovery and deployment of insertions and deletions markers provided greater insights on species, genomes, and sections relationships in the genus arachis.small insertions and deletions (indels) are the second most prevalent and the most abundant structural variations in plant genomes. in order to deploy these genetic variations for genetic analysis in genus arachis, we conducted comparative analysis of the draft genome assemblies of both the diploid progenitor species of cultivated tetraploid groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) i.e., arachis duranensis (a subgenome) and arachis ipaënsis (b subgenome) and identified 515,223 indels. these indels includ ...201729312366
establishment and evaluation of a peanut association panel and analysis of key nutritional traits.breeding programs aim to improve the yield and quality of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.); using association mapping to identify genetic markers linked to these quantitative traits could facilitate selection efficiency. a peanut association panel was established consisting of 268 lines with extensive phenotypic and genetic variation, meeting the requirements for association analysis. these lines were grown over 3 years and the key agronomic traits, including protein and oil content were examined. p ...201728976623
coupled transcript and metabolite identification: insights on induction and synthesis of resveratrol in peanut, wild relatives and synthetic allotetraploid.resveratrol is an antioxidant that is a promising antitumoral, cardioprotective and neuroprotective agent. it has been found in a restricted number of plants including peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and its wild relatives. the objective of this study was to understand the relationship between resveratrol content and the expression of putative resveratrol synthase genes in four arachis genotypes. two diploids and two tetraploid were analyzed. contents of resveratrol on non- and uv-treated leaves we ...201728973779
mapping of important taxonomic and productivity traits using genic and non-genic transposable element markers in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from tmv 2 and its mutant, tmv 2-nlm was employed for mapping important taxonomic and productivity traits using genic and non-genic transposable element markers in peanut. single nucleotide polymorphism and copy number variation using rad-sequencing data indicated very limited polymorphism between tmv 2 and tmv 2-nlm. but phenotypically they differed significantly for many taxonomic and productivity traits. also, the ril population ...201729040293
morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of arachis kuhlmannii krapov. & w.c. greg. (leguminosae).arachis kuhlmannii occurs in mato grosso and mato grosso do sul states, brazil. its area of occurrence partially overlaps with that of other species in the arachis section. because of their morphological similarities, these species are often mistaken one for another. this study aimed the correct classification of available accessions as arachis kuhlmannii, or other species, and the characterization of similarities among accessions and arachis hypogaea by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular ...201728973728
assessment of active bacteria metabolizing phenolic acids in the peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) rhizosphere.phenolic acids can enhance the mycotoxin production and activities of hydrolytic enzymes related to pathogenicity of soilborne fungus fusarium oxysporum. however, characteristics of phenolic acid-degrading bacteria have not been investigated. the objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize bacteria capable of growth on benzoic and vanillic acids as the sole carbon source in the peanut rhizosphere. twenty-four bacteria were isolated, and the identification based on 16s rrna gene seq ...201728942837
bradyrhizobium namibiense sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from root nodules of lablab purpureus, hyacinth bean, in namibia.four strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of hyacinth bean (lablab purpureus (l.) sweet) from namibia were previously identified as a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to confirm their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized by taking a polyphasic approach. the type strain possessed 16s rrna gene sequences identical to bradyrhizobium paxllaeri lmtr 21t and bradyrhizobiumicense lmtr 13t, the full-length sequences were identical to those retrieved from samn ...201729034855
nucleotide sequence analyses of coat protein gene of peanut stunt virus isolates from alfalfa and different hosts show a new tentative subgroup from iran.alfalfa cultivars grown in 14 provinces in iran were surveyed for the relative incidence of peanut stunt virus (psv) during 2013-2016. psv were detected in 41.89% of symptomatic alfalfa samples and a few alternate hosts by plate-trapped antigen elisa. among other hosts tested only chenopodium album, robinia pseudoacacia and arachis hypogaea were found naturally infected with psv. twenty five isolates of psv were chosen for biological and molecular characterizations based on their geographical di ...201729291216
nuts as a cause of contact dermatitis of the hands.to evaluate contact hypersensitivity to some of the commonly used indian nuts, patch tests were undertaken with cashew nuts, ground nuts, almonds and pistachio in 3 groups of individuals: (1) patients exposed to the corresponding nut and having dermatitis on their fingertips, (2) controls having no dermatitis, but exposed to the nut, and (3) unexposed group. a paste prepared by cushing the nut and used as such gave positive patch test 'reactions in, all the 6 patients tested with cashew - nut, g ...201728134194
transcriptome profiles reveal gene regulation of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) nodulation.the molecular mechanisms of symbiosis in cultivated peanut with a 'crack entry' infection process are largely understudied. in this study, we investigated the root transcriptional profiles of two pairs of non-nodulating (nod-) and nodulating (nod+) sister inbred peanut lines, e4/e5 and e7/e6, and their nod+ parents, f487a and pi262090 during rhizobial infection and nodule initiation by using rna-seq technology. a total of 143, 101, 123, 215, 182, and 289 differentially expressed genes (degs) wer ...201728059169
genome-wide snp genotyping resolves signatures of selection and tetrasomic recombination in peanut.peanut (arachis hypogaea; 2n = 4x = 40) is a nutritious food and a good source of vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. expansion of genetic and genomic resources for genetic enhancement of cultivated peanut has gained momentum from the sequenced genomes of the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanut. to facilitate high-throughput genotyping of arachis species, 20 genotypes were re-sequenced and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were selected to develop a large-scale snp genotypi ...201727993622
transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing peanut btf3 exhibit increased growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses.abiotic stresses limit crop growth and productivity worldwide. cellular tolerance, an important abiotic stress adaptive trait, involves coordinated activities of multiple proteins linked to signalling cascades, transcriptional regulation and other diverse processes. basal transcriptional machinery is considered to be critical for maintaining transcription under stressful conditions. from this context, discovery of novel basal transcription regulators from stress adapted crops like peanut would b ...201727981726
translation initiation factor eif4e and eifiso4e are both required for peanut stripe virus infection in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).peanut stripe virus (pstv) belongs to the genus potyvirus and is the most important viral pathogen of cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). the eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eif4e, and its isoform, eif(iso)4e, play key roles during virus infection in plants, particularly potyvirus. in the present study, we cloned the eif4e and eif(iso)4e homologs in peanut and named these as peaeif4e and peaeif(iso)4e, respectively. quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) analysis showed that these t ...201728344571
antigenic cross-reactivity between schistosoma mansoni and peanut: a role for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (ccds) and implications for the hygiene hypothesis.the antigenic reactivity of constituents of schistosoma mansoni and peanut (arachis hypogaea) was investigated to determine whether identical antigenic epitopes possessed by both organisms provided a possible explanation for the negative correlation between chronic schistosome infection and atopy to allergens. aqueous extracts of peanuts were probed in western immunoblots with rabbit igg antibodies raised against the egg, cercarial and adult worm stages of s. mansoni. several molecules in the pe ...201728201853
genetic dissection of novel qtls for resistance to leaf spots and tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).peanut is an important crop, economically and nutritiously, but high production cost is a serious challenge to peanut farmers as exemplified by chemical spray to control foliar diseases such as leaf spots and thrips, the vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). the objective of this research was to map the quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistance to leaf spots and tswv in one recombinant inbred line (ril) mapping population of "tifrunner × gt-c20" for identification of linked markers fo ...201728197153
arachis hypogaea l. produces mimic and inhibitory quorum sensing like molecules.a wide variety of plant-associated soil bacteria (rhizobacteria) communicate with each other by quorum sensing (qs). plants are able to detect and produce mimics and inhibitor molecules of the qs bacterial communicative process. arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) establishes a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia belonging to the genus bradyrhizobium. these bacteria use a qs mechanism dependent on the synthesis of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). given the relevance that plant-rhizobacteria inter ...201728357693
economic injury level and demography-based control timing projection of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different growth stages of arachis hypogaea.spodoptera litura (f.), one of the most devastating pests in many asian countries, is normally controlled by relying on chemical insecticides. to encourage an integrated pest management approach, we determined the economic injury level (eil) for s. litura on peanut, arachis hypogaea l., by larval infestation with late instars at different crop growth stages. the cumulative consumption rate of the fifth- and sixth-instars was used as the relative unit for the "spodoptera injury equivalent" (sie). ...201728334106
occurrence of toxigenic fungi and aflatoxin potential of aspergillus spp. strains associated with subsistence farmed crops in haiti.subsistence farming and poor storage facilities favor toxigenic fungal contamination and mycotoxin accumulation in staple foods from tropical countries such as haiti. the present preliminary study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi in haitian foodstuffs to define the mycotoxin risk associated with haitian crops. the objectives of this research were to determine the distribution of toxigenic fungi in the haitian crops maize, moringa, and peanut seeds and to screen aspergil ...201728291386
genetic mapping of yield traits using ril population derived from fuchuan dahuasheng and icg6375 of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).the genetic architecture determinants of yield traits in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) are poorly understood. in the present study, an effort was made to map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield traits using recombinant inbred lines (ril). a genetic linkage map was constructed containing 609 loci, covering a total of 1557.48 cm with an average distance of 2.56 cm between adjacent markers. the present map exhibited good collinearity with the physical map of diploid species of arachis. ninety-t ...201728216998
comparative host selection responses of specialist (helicoverpa assulta) and generalist (helicoverpa armigera) moths in complex plant environments.we tested the behavioral responses of ovipositing females and natal larvae of two sibling species, a generalist helicoverpa armigera (hübner) and a specialist helicoverpa assulta (guenée), to odor sources emitted from different combinations of six plant species (tobacco, nicotiana tabacum; hot pepper, capsicum annuum; tomato, solanum esculentum; cotton, gossypium hirsutum; peanut, arachis hypogaea; maize, zea mays). under the conditions of plant materials versus corresponding controls, both stag ...201728182679
the endophytic fungus phomopsis liquidambari increases nodulation and n2 fixation in arachis hypogaea by enhancing hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide signalling.the continuous cropping obstacles in monoculture fields are a major production constraint for peanuts. application of the endophytic fungus phomopsis liquidambari has increased peanut yields, and nodulation and n2 fixation increases have been considered as important factors for p. liquidambari infection-improved peanut yield. however, the mechanisms involved in this process remain unknown. this work showed that compared with only bradyrhizobium inoculation, co-inoculation with p. liquidambari si ...201728168354
electron beam irradiation revealed genetic differences in radio-sensitivity and generated mutants in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.).electron beam accelerators are being used for many industrial applications including food and agriculture. a 10mev linear accelerator facility was standardized for low dose application 0.1-1 kgy) in pulse mode using unscanned scattered beam for irradiation of groundnut seeds for mutation breeding. using this facility, 50% growth reduction (gr50) dose was standardized in five groundnut genotypes. there were significant differences for radio-sensitivity among these genotypes. seed mutagenesis of t ...201728113073
development and evaluation of a high density genotyping 'axiom_arachis' array with 58 k snps for accelerating genetics and breeding in groundnut.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most abundant dna sequence variation in the genomes which can be used to associate genotypic variation to the phenotype. therefore, availability of a high-density snp array with uniform genome coverage can advance genetic studies and breeding applications. here we report the development of a high-density snp array 'axiom_arachis' with 58 k snps and its utility in groundnut genetic diversity study. in this context, from a total of 163,782 snps derive ...201728091575
sensitization of radioresistant prostate cancer cells by resveratrol isolated from arachis hypogaea stems.resveratrol (rv, 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is naturally produced by a wide variety of plants including grapes and peanuts (arachis hypogaea). however, the yield of rv from peanut stem and its potential radiosensitizing effects in prostate cancer (pca) have not been well investigated. in this study, we characterized rv in peanut stem extract (pse) for the first time and showed that both rv and pse dose-dependently induced cell death in doc-2/dab2 interactive protein (dab2ip)-deficient pca cells ...201728081154
peanut protein extraction conditions strongly influence yield of allergens ara h 1 and 2 and sensitivity of immunoassays.the clinical importance of peanut (arachis hypogaea) allergies demands standardized allergen extraction protocols. we determined the effectiveness of common extraction conditions (20 buffers, defatting reagents, extraction time/temperatures, processing, extraction repeats) on crude protein and ara h 1 and 2 yields. despite similar 1d-gel profiles, defatting with n-hexane resulted in significantly higher yields of crude protein, ara h 1, and ara h 2 than with diethyl ether. the yields were affect ...201727979211
phylogenetically diverse group of native bacterial symbionts isolated from root nodules of groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) in south africa.groundnut is an economically important n​2-fixing legume that can contribute about 100-190kgnha(-1) to cropping systems. in this study, groundnut-nodulating native rhizobia in south african soils were isolated from root nodules. genetic analysis of isolates was done using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-pcr of the intergenic spacer (igs) region of 16s-23s rdna. a total of 26 igs types were detected with band sizes ranging from 471 to 1415bp. the rhizobial isolates were grouped in ...201728372899
successful crosses between fungal-resistant wild species of arachis (section arachis) and arachis hypogaea.peanut (arachis hypogaea) is the fifth most produced oil crop worldwide. besides lack of water, fungal diseases are the most limiting factors for the crop. several species of arachis are resistant to certain pests and diseases. this study aimed to successfully cross the a-genome with b-k-a genome wild species previously selected for fungal disease resistance, but that are still untested. we also aimed to polyplodize the amphihaploid chromosomes; cross the synthetic amphidiploids and a. hypogaea ...201726500440
identification of quantitative trait loci for yield and yield related traits in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) under different water regimes in niger and senegal.yield under drought stress is a highly complex trait with large influence to even a minor fluctuation in the environmental conditions. genomics-assisted breeding holds great promise for improving such complex traits more efficiently in less time, but requires markers associated with the trait of interest. in this context, a recombinant inbred line mapping population (tag 24 × icgv 86031) was used to identify markers associated with quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield and yield related trait ...201726594055
transcriptome profiling of wild arachis from water-limited environments uncovers drought tolerance candidate genes.peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important legume cultivated mostly in drought-prone areas where its productivity can be limited by water scarcity. the development of more drought-tolerant varieties is, therefore, a priority for peanut breeding programs worldwide. in contrast to cultivated peanut, wild relatives have a broader genetic diversity and constitute a rich source of resistance/tolerance alleles to biotic and abiotic stresses. the present study takes advantage of this diversity to ide ...201726752807
evaluation the effect of gamma irradiation on microbial, chemical and sensorial properties of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) seeds.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility to apply gamma radiation treatment for decontaminating and assuring the quality of peanut seeds.201728071007
co-localization of major quantitative trait loci for pod size and weight to a 3.7 cm interval on chromosome a05 in cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), an important source of edible oil and protein, is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. genetic improvement of yield-related traits is essential for improving yield potential of new peanut varieties. genomics-assisted breeding (gab) can accelerate the process of genetic improvement but requires linked markers for the traits of interest. in this context, we developed a recombinant inbred line (ril) mapping population (yuanza 9102 × x ...201728068921
allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cultivars on lettuce (lactuca sativa) and weed plants.peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is the fourth most consumed oleaginous plant in the world, producing seeds with high contents of lipids, proteins, vitamins, and carbohydrates. biological activities of different extracts of this species have already been evaluated by many researchers, including antioxidant, antitumoral, and antibacterial. in this work, the allelopathic activity of extracts from different brazilian peanut cultivars against lettuce (lactuca sativa) and two weed plants (commelina bengh ...201728396881
biotechnological approaches for production of anti-cancerous compounds resveratrol, podophyllotoxin and zerumbone.secondary metabolites from numerous plant sources have been developed as anti-cancer reagents and compounds such as resveratrol, podophyllotoxin and zerumbone are of particular importance in this regard. since their de novo chemical synthesis is both arduous and commercially expensive, there has been an impetus to develop viable, biotechnological methods of production. accordingly, this review focuses on recent developments in the field, highlighting the use of micropropagation, cell suspension ...201728393691
characterization of small rna populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut.aflatoxin contamination is a major constraint in food production worldwide. in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), these toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins are mainly produced by aspergillus flavus link and a. parasiticus speare. the use of rna interference (rnai) is a promising method to reduce or prevent the accumulation of aflatoxin in peanut seed. in this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small rna populations in a control line and in two transformed peanut lines that expressed an i ...201728224915
natural postharvest aflatoxin occurrence in food legumes in the smallholder farming sector of zimbabwe.aflatoxins, mainly produced by aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus, are highly toxic and may lead to health problems such as liver cancer. exposure to aflatoxins may result from ingestion of contaminated foods. levels of afb1, afb2, afg1 and afg2 in samples of groundnuts (arachis hypogaea), beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata) and bambara nuts (vigna subterranean) grown by smallholder farmers in shamva and makoni districts, zimbabwe, were determined at harvesting, u ...201727700622
mining, identification and function analysis of micrornas and target genes in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).in the present investigation, a total of 60 conserved peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) microrna (mirna) sequences, belonging to 16 families, were identified using bioinformatics methods. there were 392 target gene sequences, identified from 58 mirnas with target-align software and blastx analyses. gene ontology (go) functional analysis suggested that these target genes were involved in mediating peanut growth and development, signal transduction and stress resistance. there were 55 mirna sequences, ...201727915176
overexpression of a novel peanut nbs-lrr gene ahrrs5 enhances disease resistance to ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco.bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum is a ruinous soilborne disease affecting more than 450 plant species. efficient control methods for this disease remain unavailable to date. this study characterized a novel nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat resistance gene ahrrs5 from peanut, which was up-regulated in both resistant and susceptible peanut cultivars in response to r. solanacearum. the product of ahrrs5 was localized in the nucleus. furthermore, treatment with phytohormone ...201727311738
reduction of platelet aggregation from ingestion of oleic and linoleic acids found in vitis vinifera and arachis hypogaea oils.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of seed oils from vitis vinifera and arachis hypogaea in platelet aggregation. the initial hypothesis suggested that subjects who have consumed these seed oils undergo modified platelet aggregation. this study was performed using a pre-post test design, with a control group, and double blind. the effects of the consumption of grape seed and peanut oils were measured for platelet aggregation in clinical and laboratory tests i ...201725741817
benefits and limitations of molecular diagnostics in peanut allergy: part 14 of the series molecular allergology.allergic reactions to peanut (arachis hypogaea, ara h) are caused by immunoglobulin e (ige)-mediated sensitizations to various proteins. the stability and relative proportion of these proteins in peanut determine the risk of hazardous reactions. hazardous sensitization to seed storage proteins [s2 albumins (ara h 2, 6 and 7) > other seed storage proteins (ara 1 and 3) > oleosins (ara h 10 and 11)] are distinct from sensitizations to lipid transfer protein (ara h 9) with moderate risk or cross-se ...201726120527
covalent immobilization of peanut β-amylase for producing industrial nano-biocatalysts: a comparative study of kinetics, stability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme.stability of enzymes is an important parameter for their industrial applicability. here, we report successful immobilization of β-amylase (bamyl) from peanut (arachis hypogaea) onto graphene oxide-carbon nanotube composite (go-cnt), graphene oxide nanosheets (go) and iron oxide nanoparticles (fe3o4). the box-behnken design of response surface methodology (rsm) was used which optimized parameters affecting immobilization and gave 90%, 88% and 71% immobilization efficiency, respectively, for the a ...201829287400
stilbenoid prenyltransferases define key steps in the diversification of peanut phytoalexins.defense responses of peanut (arachis hypogaea) to biotic and abiotic stresses include the synthesis of prenylated stilbenoids. members of this compound class show several protective activities in human disease studies, and the list of potential therapeutic targets continues to expand. despite their medical and biological importance, the biosynthetic pathways of prenylated stilbenoids remain to be elucidated, and the genes encoding stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferases have yet to be identified ...201829158266
peanut-specific type 1 regulatory t cells induced in vitro from allergic subjects are functionally impaired.peanut allergy (pa) is a life-threatening condition that lacks regulator-approved treatment. regulatory t type 1 (tr1) cells are potent suppressors of immune responses and can be induced in vivo upon repeated antigen exposure or in vitro by using tolerogenic dendritic cells. whether oral immunotherapy (oit) leads to antigen-specific tr1 cell induction has not been established.201828689791
development of ahmite1 markers through genome-wide analysis in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).in peanut, the dna polymorphism is very low despite enormous phenotypic variations. this limits the use of genomics-assisted breeding to enhance peanut productivity. this study aimed to develop and validate new ahmite1 and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (caps) markers.201829310707
an antioxidant rich novel β-amylase from peanuts (arachis hypogaea): its purification, biochemical characterization and potential applications.β-amylase from un-germinated seeds of peanut (arachis hypogaea) was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with final purification fold of 205 and specific activity of 361μmol/min/mg protein. the enzyme was purified employing simple purification techniques for biochemical characterization. the purified enzyme was identified as β-amylase with mr of 31kda. the enzyme displayed its optimum catalytic activity at ph5.0 and 60°c with activation energy of 4.5kcal/mol and q10 1.2. the enzyme d ...201829305882
a novel mode of stimulating platelet formation activity in megakaryocytes with peanut skin extract.we report in this study novel biochemical activities of peanut skin extract (pext) on thrombocytopoiesis. peanut skin, derived from arachis hypogaea l., is a traditional chinese medicine that is used to treat chronic hemorrhage. we have shown that oral administration of pext increases the peripheral platelet levels in mice. recently, we reported a liquid culture system that is useful for investigating megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis from human cd34+ cells. in this liquid culture syst ...201829019067
suppression of aflatoxin production in aspergillus species by selected peanut (arachis hypogaea) stilbenoids.aspergillus flavus is a soil fungus that commonly invades peanut seeds and often produces carcinogenic aflatoxins. under favorable conditions, the fungus-challenged peanut plant produces and accumulates resveratrol and its prenylated derivatives in response to such an invasion. these prenylated stilbenoids are considered peanut antifungal phytoalexins. however, the mechanism of peanut-fungus interaction has not been sufficiently studied. we used pure peanut stilbenoids arachidin-1, arachidin-3, ...201829207242
chromosomes a07 and a05 associated with stable and major qtls for pod weight and size in cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).co-localized intervals and candidate genes were identified for major and stable qtls controlling pod weight and size on chromosomes a07 and a05 in an ril population across four environments. cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important legume crops grown in > 100 countries. hundred-pod weight (hpw) is an important yield trait in peanut, but its underlying genetic mechanism was not well studied. in this study, a mapping population (xuhua 13 × zhonghua 6) with 187 recombinant inbred lin ...201829058050
transcriptomic analysis and discovery of genes in the response of arachis hypogaea to drought stress.the peanut (arachis hypogaea) is an important crop species that is threatened by drought stress. the genome sequences of peanut, which was officially released in 2016, may help explain the molecular mechanisms that underlie drought tolerance in this species. we report here a gene expression profiling of a. hypogaea to gain a global view of its drought resistance. using whole-transcriptome sequencing, we analysed differential gene expression in response to drought stress in the drought-resistant ...201829330721
silencing of putative cytokinin receptor histidine kinase1 inhibits both inception and differentiation of root nodules in arachis hypogaea.rhizobia-legume interaction activates the sym pathway that recruits cytokinin signaling for induction of nodule primordia in the cortex. in arachis hypogaea, bradyrhizobia invade through natural cracks developed in the lateral root base and are directly endocytosed in the cortical cells to generate the nodule primordia. to unravel the role of cytokinin signaling in a. hypogaea, rna-interference (rnai) of cytokinin receptor histidine-kinase1 (ahhk1) was done. ahhk1-rnai downregulated the expressi ...201828876173
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