Publications

[comparative analysis of the dna of corynebacterium diphtheriae phages and the cloning of the gene determining diphtheria toxin synthesis].	the analysis of the dna of one nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae phage and two toxigenic ones has revealed that phage phi 984tox+ belongs to omega-like tox+ phages, phage phi 9tox+ is a representative of a new group of phages and phage b (freeman) tox is a deletion mutant of phage beta. the location of this deletion on the physical map of this phage has been established. to obtain the physical map of phage phi 984tox+, the complete library of internal dna fragments has been constructed in vector pbr 3 ...	1988	3143205
[incidence of diphtheria (data of the results of the bacteriologic examination of patients with tonsillitis)].		1988	2977231
[evaluation of the yield in the purification of diphtheria toxoid using ammonium sulfate and gel filtration].		1988	3146122
[characteristics of the sensitivity and specificity of methods of immunoenzyme analysis with a conjugate of protein a and peroxidase].		1988	3152019
diphtheria toxin: purification and properties.		1988	3148099
[diphtheria: antibody levels and vaccination history in target groups of the latium region].		1988	3149730
expression of a biologically active diphtheria toxin fragment b in escherichia coli.	the toxb gene of corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteriophage beta encoding the b fragment of diphtheria toxin was cloned into an inducible expression vector. when expressed in escherichia coli, fragment b was not proteolysed and was indistinguishable, by immunological criteria, from wild-type c. diphtheriae-derived fragment b. soluble fragment b was partially purified from the cytoplasm by saline precipitation steps and was shown to compete with the wild-type diphtheria toxin for binding to recept ...	1988	3135463
[the significance of the level of immunity in organized collectives in performing epidemiologic surveillance for diphtheria, tetanus and measles].		1988	3143180
[rapid determination of the enzyme activity of meningococci and the causative agents of diphtheria].		1988	3137726
[characteristics of the serologic antibacterial response of patients with diphtheria and of bacterial carriers].	the enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of specific antibacterial antibodies to corynebacterium diphtheriae membrane protein (mol. wt. 64 kd) has been used. the physicochemical nature of these antibacterial antibodies has been established and their quantitative characteristics have been determined. the analysis of the dynamics of the formation of antimicrobial igg- and igm-antibodies in diphtheria patients (on days 3-28 of the disease) has shown that by the time of convalescence the anti ...	1988	3149838
[comparative evaluation of methods for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae from carriers].		1988	3143181
epidemiological typing of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in sweden 1984-1986.	from september 1984 to december 1986 121 cases of culture-positive diphtheria were reported to the national bacteriological laboratory in stockholm. toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae nongravis was isolated from all but one of 33 patients with disease and from 69 healthy carriers. 63/65 toxigenic isolates, available for epidemiological typing, had the same phage type, 20, and the same restriction enzyme pattern, re2. this included strains isolated both from patients inside and outside of the ...	1988	3135587
the use of sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in epidemiological studies of corynebacterium diphtheriae.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell proteins was investigated as a possible typing method for corynebacterium diphtheriae. a method was developed using stock strains which were representatives of the five gravis serotypes described by robinson & peeney (1936). this technique was then applied to recent isolates sent to our laboratory for identification.	1988	3123261
antibody level of new zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine dtp (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis).	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) tests were used to measure igg antibody levels in 2638 new zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine dtp. the percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. the percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. the percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. the mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more dtp components were ...	1988	2903065
diphtheria-related peptide hormone gene fusions: a molecular genetic approach to chimeric toxin development.	there has been considerable effort in chemically conjugating a variety of plant and bacterial toxins to monoclonal antibodies that are directed to surface antigens on target cells. coupling has been mediated through disulfide linkage, and the resulting conjugates are known generically as immunotoxins. in general, there are a few shortfalls to this approach. for example, since it is clear that not all surface antigens are internalized, one cannot predict the fate of a given it once bound to its d ...	1988	2908622
[cutaneous diphtheria imported from tropical countries].	two cases of imported cutaneous diphtheria from tropical areas are described. vacationing in the seychelles, a 29-year-old man injured his left malleolus a few weeks before his return to switzerland. the wound did not heal and an ulcer developed. microbiologic investigation yielded toxinogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. there were no signs of systemic intoxication. the man had not been vaccinated against diphtheria since childhood. in the second case a 51-year-old woman returned from thailand ...	1988	3133761
use of fosfomycin disks for isolation of diphtheroids.	a fosfomycin disk (200 micrograms) placed on blood agar was used to select diphtheroids from clinical specimens. all corynebacterium type strains tested, representing ten different groups of diphtheroids, and 150 toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae from different outbreaks, overgrew the fosfomycin disk, while other aerobic gram-positive rods had a large inhibition zone. the method increased the rate of isolation of diphtheroids in 1267 clinical specimens fivefold, from 1.4% to 7.6%, ...	1988	3134212
[indices of diphtheria (antitoxic) immunity in the dynamics of the disease and its treatment in adults].	a total of 1,034 serum samples from 618 persons, including patients with different forms of diphtheria, carriers of the toxigenic forms of corynebacterium diphtheriae, and angina patients, were studied. analysis of the incidence of antibodies to c. diphtheriae toxin and their titers revealed that in more than half of all diphtheria patients no antibodies to c. diphtheriae toxin were detected upon admission to hospital. at the same time in 26% of the patients no antibodies were detected during th ...	1988	3137746
analysis of the diphtheria tox promoter by site-directed mutagenesis.	by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we introduced alterations in the two putative -10 regions of the diphtheria tox promoter which are positioned at -50 and -56 from the gug tox initiation signal. the -10 region positioned at -50 is favored in the expression of adp-ribosyltransferase activity from the wild-type tox promoter in recombinant escherichia coli; however, the promoter down mutation at position -50 is compensated for by increased activity of the -10 region positioned at -56.	1988	3142864
epidemiology of diphtheria: polypeptide and restriction enzyme analysis in comparison with conventional phage typing.	several methods for epidemiological typing of corynebacterium diphtheriae were compared with the well accepted phage typing analysis. for this purpose, isolates from outbreaks of diphtheria in specific areas of the frg and sweden were analyzed by phage typing, their bacterial polypeptide profiles were examined and their phage-dna restriction enzyme patterns were compared. all techniques were able to identify whether certain outbreaks were epidemiologically linked or not. phage typing and phage-d ...	1988	2839340
molecular epidemiology of the 1984-1986 outbreak of diphtheria in sweden.	despite mass vaccination against diphtheria, many people have antibody titers below the protective level of 0.01 iu per milliliter. a recent outbreak of diphtheria in sweden caused 17 clinical cases of diphtheria in the city of göteborg; three of the patients died. a satellite outbreak occurred in stockholm after a few months' delay. using a new genetic probe, we analyzed 36 strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in sweden and denmark during the period 1976 to 1986. although the 36 stra ...	1988	2827023
[isolation of corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm fluid].	the isolation of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae from sperm is reported. the organism was identified through the investigation of fluorescence under the uv light, the presence of pirazinecarboxilamidase enzyme (pyz), in vitro and in vivo and virulence methods (single radial immunodiffusion, cell culture, guinea pig intradermic test). the strain was initially considered nontoxinogenic by single radial immunodiffusion, but its virulence was observed afterwards, when we applied the tests alre ...	1989	2517567
[the relationships between antitoxic titers determined in a group of young people before and after booster adt by the in vivo neutralization test. comparative nt-phar evaluations].	the geometrical mean of antitoxic titers determined in a lot of immunized young men who received, 5-7 years before, a booster with diphtheria-tetanus bivaccine, was of 1.54 (x/divided by 10.54) i.u./ml. at one month after another booster, performed with tetanus toxoid (adsorbed), an increase of 34 times was recorded, the geometrical mean reaching the value of 52.67 (x/divided by 10.42 i.u./ml). the covering coefficients of the minimal protective antitoxin level have increased from 154 to 5267, i ...	1989	2561337
different species of corynebacteria in human investigations in cairo.	in investigations undertaken in cairo of ocular smears the following corynebacteria were isolated: corynebacterium a4, corynebacterium a5, corynebacterium bovis, corynebacterium aquaticum, corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium equi, corynebacterium f2, corynebacterium kutscheri, corynebacterium minutissimi, corynebacterium renale, corynebacterium xerosis, corynebacterium group i, corynebacterium spec. (at present not classified). in this study the hitherto isolated species and possible hu ...	1989	2689286
diphtheroids as ocular pathogens.	unlike corynebacterium diphtheriae and propionibacterium acnes, the pleomorphic gram-positive rods known as diphtheroids are generally regarded as nonpathogenic contaminants of the human external eye. we reviewed five years of microbiology records at wills eye hospital and studied a series of eight cases of apparently infectious keratitis associated with heavy growth of diphtheroids on cultures of ulcer scrapings. all of these cases included indolent ulcers that occurred almost exclusively in el ...	1989	2774033
antimicrobial activity of julifloricine isolated from prosopis juliflora.	antimicrobial activity of julifloricine, an alkaloid isolated from prosopis juliflora, was studied in vitro against 40 microorganisms which included 31 bacteria, two candida species, five dermatophytic fungi and two viruses. significant inhibitory effect was noted against gram positive bacteria. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, s. citreus, streptococcus pyogenes and sarcina lutea was 1 microgram/ml and against s. faecalis, s. pneumoniae, s. la ...	1989	2775330
structure determination of mycolic acids by using charge remote fragmentation.	the collision-induced remote site fragmentation process of closed-shell ions, such as carboxylate anions, is a very potent analytical tool for the structural determination of fatty acids. this leads to an easy location of branch points, double bonds, cyclopropane rings and other functional groups. although corynomycolic acid mixtures from corynebacterium diphtheriae can be directly analyzed by negative-ion fast atom bombardment combined with collisionally activated decomposition spectra, mycolic ...	1989	2504502
evidence for direct regulation of diphtheria toxin gene transcription by an fe2+-dependent dna-binding repressor, dtoxr, in corynebacterium diphtheriae.	previous studies provided indirect evidence that in corynebacterium diphtheriae regulation of diphtheria toxin gene (tox) transcription by iron is mediated by a bacterial repressor. by performing in vitro protein-dna binding experiments, we establish that a corynebacterial fe2+-sensitive protein, named dtoxr, can bind to a palindromic motif present in the tox promoter region. binding of this factor prevents the interaction of the transcription initiation machinery with presumptive critical promo ...	1989	2506133
[detection of toxin and evaluation of the degree of toxin-formation of corynebacterium diphtheriae using immunoenzyme analysis].	toxin production and the intensity of toxin formation in 265 c. diphtheriae strains circulating in different areas of the ussr have been studied by the method of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). this study has been carried out with the use of the assay system consisting of monoclonal antibodies to the cooh-area of the b-fragment of the toxin molecule adsorbed onto the surface of polystyrene plates, affinity-purified polyclonal antidiphtheria antibodies labeled with horse-radish per ...	1989	2508377
immunity against diphtheria in adults in poland.	the diphtheria immunity status was determined with the passive haemagglutination technique in 503 sera of 10-90-year-old persons from warsaw and olsztyn provinces. donors of sera were students, teachers, pregnant women, employees of industry and medical service. the immunity was highest (90% of titers 0.1 iu/ml or higher) in persons below 20 years of age and in persons above 60 years of age (55%). between these two groups, gaps in immunity exist, the proportion of those immune varying from 36-50 ...	1989	2514113
production of diphtheria toxin crm228 in b. subtilis.	the gene coding for a nontoxic diphtheria toxin (dt), tox228, was isolated from lysogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and cloned into pbr322. a mature form of the tox228 gene, lacking its signal sequence, was expressed in bacillus subtilis using a b. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase secretion vector. to test the possibility of producing partially deleted dt molecules, which could be used for cell-directed toxin conjugates, a truncated form lacking 151 amino acids from the c-terminus of the dt was ...	1989	2515098
diphtheria: experience in a general hospital.	a review of patients with diphtheria seen in the paediatric unit, alor star general hospital, from january 1985-march 1987 is reported. their clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome were analysed and discussed. clinical awareness regarding the diagnosis of diphtheria is emphasised.	1989	2516602
a report of the investigation and control measures instituted after the isolation of toxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis from a child in leeds.	this report describes the control measures instituted and further investigations undertaken after the isolation of toxin-producing corynebacterium diphtheriae from a throat swab taken routinely from a nine-year-old boy, recently returned from pakistan, who had been admitted to hospital in leeds with hepatitis a infection. four of his siblings were subsequently shown to have identical corynebacterium diphtheriae on throat swabbing, except that in one child the organism did not produce toxin. all ...	1989	2517490
[the use of dna fingerprint analysis for the differentiation of populations of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae].	13 c. diphtheriae strains were used as a model to establish the conditions of making the fingerprint analysis of chromosomal dna. these strains, subdivided into 7 groups in accordance with the character of their restriction splitting, were mostly isolated from territorially close sources and belonged to the same phagotype. probably, c. diphtheriae dna has strain variations manifested by an unequal number and location of the sites of the recognition of specific endonucleases, which may be used fo ...	1989	2530743
[a comparative study of nutrient media for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae].	the diagnostic characteristics of 8 nutrient media most frequently employed at practical bacteriologic laboratories for the isolation of c. diphtheriae have been under study. clauberg-2 medium and blood-tellurite agar have been found the most suitable for the diagnostic studies. addition of extra ingredients to the standard recipe deteriorates the diagnostic potentialities of the media. tinsdal's medium is characterized by the lowest diagnostic efficacy. the schemes of using these media are pres ...	1989	2477635
the molecular epidemiology of three biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae in the seattle outbreak, 1972-1982.	between 1972 and 1982 seattle experienced a diphtheria outbreak involving 1,100 cases, primarily adults with cutaneous lesions. biotyping revealed three consecutive overlapping outbreaks including 433 toxinogenic intermedius cases. isolates from each quarter year were examined for dna restriction fragment patterns and hybridization patterns with three dna probes. all intermedius outbreak isolates appeared identical in all analyses and most stock cultures had the outbreak dna fragment pattern, bu ...	1989	2494266
[infections which humans in the household transmit to dogs and cats].	an overview of the most important infections which can be transmitted from humans to pet dogs and cats is presented. two quite different sources of infection stand diametrically opposite each other: 1. the transmission of active human infections to dogs and cats and 2. the transmission of infectious agents by feeding raw meat, offal, unsterilized milk products, kitchen scraps and contaminated feedstuffs. humans can be the source of the following infections: 1. zoonoses with reciprocal modes of t ...	1989	2500809
[the coagglutination reaction for detecting diphtheria toxin].	high-titer antidiphtheria antitoxic rabbit serum has been obtained, and on the basis of this serum a coagglutinating diagnosticum has been developed. the sensitivity of the test has been found to depend on the content of antitoxic antibodies in the serum and on its purity. diagnostica prepared from native serum containing 500 i. u./ml (a titer of 1:51, 200 in the passive hemagglutination test) permit the detection of 0.02-0.03 lf/ml of diphtheria toxin. a decrease in antibody titer to 5-25 i. u. ...	1989	2500820
effect of intracerebrally injected corynebacterium parvum on implanted brain tumor in mice.	experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of corynebacterium parvum on resistance to growth and development of tumor in the central nervous system. a syngeneic sarcoma was injected intracerebrally into c3h/hen/mtv-negative female mice that had received intraperitoneal injections of c. parvum or saline prior to tumor inoculation or that received intraperitoneal c. parvum or saline after tumor inoculation. groups then received an intracerebral injection of c. parvum or saline. our ...	1989	2502606
different sensitivity of pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and diphtheria toxin to enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	we demonstrate that exotoxin a (exoa) of pseudomonas aeruginosa is one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than diphtheria toxin (dt) of corynebacterium diphtheriae to lysosomal enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). it is especially sensitive to pmn elastase which inactivates its cell free enzymatic activity and its cytotoxicity as measured with the chinese hamster ovary cell assay and the rabbit skin test. sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) sh ...	1989	2502701
diphtheria in stockholm, with a theory concerning transmission.	since 1984, diphtheria has been diagnosed in sweden, mainly among men abusing alcohol. during the first half of 1986, eight cases of diphtheria were discovered in the city of stockholm. the first three were among men abusing alcohol. the following five cases had no connection with them. these five persons were employed in two companies housed in the same building. the only connection between them was that they ate their lunch at the same restaurant. one alcohol-abusing man had worked temporarily ...	1989	2509569
selective immunotoxins prepared with mutant diphtheria toxins coupled to monoclonal antibodies.		1989	2513466
[the epidemic process of diphtheria infection in the rsfsr during the introduction of epidemiological surveillance].	in this work the characterization of the epidemic process of diphtheria infection on the territory of the rsfsr under the conditions of epidemiological surveillance (1983-1986) is presented. in comparison with the period of 1979-1982, an increase in morbidity rate occurred, which accounts for more complete detection of patients with mild forms of diphtheria, including persons found to be carriers of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. beginning from 1983, the leveling out of seasonal morbidit ...	1989	2528876
[a method of reversed radial immunodiffusion and determination of diphtheria antibodies].	measurements of precipitating antidiphtheria antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies in human blood sera, carried out by this new technique, have demonstrated higher levels of both antibody types in healthy adult vaccinees than in normal subjects who had contacts with diphtheria patients. convalescents after diphtheria develop elevated levels of antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies, these levels growing to reach the concentrations similar to those in healthy vaccinees.	1989	2470970
[a new modification of pizu's medium for the rapid identification of corynebacterium diphtheriae based on the agv medium].	various nutrient bases (dry nutrient agar, erythrol agar, medium for toxigenicity determination, casein-yeast and agv media) have been examined to choose a base for pizu's medium instead of agar d that is no longer manufactured. agv medium has been found the best nutrient base. the method for the preparation of pizu's medium has been simplified. the modified pizu's medium permits the detection of cystinase in c: diphtheriae in 3-5 hrs both in pure and mixed cultures.	1989	2470979
diphtheria among alcoholic urban adults. a decade of experience in seattle.	three outbreaks of corynebacterium diphtheriae infection occurred in seattle's skid road from 1972 through 1982. the first involved a single toxigenic, intermedius biotype clone, whereas the second and third outbreaks involved nontoxigenic mitis and gravis strains. of 1100 total infections, 947 (86%) were cutaneous. the incidence was highest in winter and spring. in skid road, the estimated attack rate during 17 months in 1974 to 1975 was 5% for whites and 27% for native americans. streptococcus ...	1989	2472081
expression of a poliovirus type 1 neutralization epitope on a diphtheria toxin fusion protein.	the diphtheria toxin (dt) secreted by corynebacterium diphtheriae is used after formolization as an efficient vaccine against diphtheria. in an attempt to evaluate its capacity to present heterologous peptide sequence in a recognized form, we created in-phase insertion in the gene encoding the non-toxic mutant protein crm228 of dt. the sequence chosen for insertion was the synthetic dna fragment encoding a poliovirus neutralization epitope. tripartite fusion proteins comprising the mutant dt, th ...	1989	2473577
[evaluation of the efficiency of a new dried nutrient medium for isolating corynebacterium diphtheriae].	tellurite blood media prepared on a new dried base with amino peptide have been found to have advantages, when used for the bacteriological diagnosis of c. diphtheriae infection, over buchin's selective quinosol medium with respect to the rate and time of the isolation of c. diphtheriae; besides, these new media have been found to possess pronounced differentiating properties with respect to the concomitant microflora.	1989	2500817
[the immunological effectiveness of small doses of diphtheria and tetanus anatoxins in the revaccination of children with allergy-altered reactivity and adults].	the possibility of decreasing the content of antigens in adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, used for the booster immunization of children with allergically altered responsiveness and adults, is shown. diphtheria toxoid in doses of 1-2.5 lf and tetanus toxoid in doses of 1-2.5 binding units possessed sufficiently high immunological effectiveness in combination with low reactogenicity and good tolerance. in 6-12 months after booster immunization with decreased doses of toxoids 100% of children wi ...	1990	2117319
[immunotoxins].	an immunologic approach besides surgical, radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic methods in the treatment of cancer was proposed for the first time by paul ehrlich in 1906. the structure, produced by conjugating the antibodies against the tumor cells with a toxin molecule by moolten and cooperband (1970) was named as immunotoxins. producing antibodies with the desired amount and purity was achieved by improving the hybridoma technology, immunotoxins were tried to be produced by conjugating the monoc ...	1990	2283968
dna sequence homology between attb-related sites of corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium ulcerans, corynebacterium glutamicum, and the attp site of gamma-corynephage.	chromosomal restriction fragments of corynebacterium ulcerans and c. diphtheriae, containing an integration site for corynephages of the beta family, show homology on southern blots. homologous dna in also found in the soil isolate c. glutamicum, although this strain is not susceptible to beta-corynephages. three of these dna fragments, one for each bacterial strain, and a fragment of gamma-corynephage dna previously shown to contain the phage integration site, were cloned and sequenced. alignme ...	1990	2108899
[diagnosis of diphtheria].		1990	2113126
[corynebacteria of the jk group and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs].		1990	2113801
[the immunomodulating properties of a diphtheria bacterial vaccine in in vitro experiments].	in this investigation lymphocytes sensitized with corynebacterium diphtheriae antigens obtained from carriers and convalescents were used. the new diphtheria bacterial vaccine codivac, in contrast to other comparable preparations (diphtheria toxoid, staphylococcal toxoid, staphylococcal vaccine, levamisole), was found to produce a more direct effect by modulating the levels of t-lymphocytes, depending on their initial levels in the patient. codivac, together with other preparations, can be used ...	1990	2129148
coordinate regulation of siderophore and diphtheria toxin production by iron in corynebacterium diphtheriae.	iron is an environmental signal which regulates the coordinate expression of genes associated with virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. in response to iron-deprivation, lysogenic corynebacterium diphtheriae c7 (beta) synthesizes and secretes diphtheria toxin and siderophore and induces a high-affinity iron uptake system. diphtheria toxin is encoded by beta phage, but genes for siderophore production are encoded on the bacterial chromosome. diphtheria toxin and siderophore production were shown ...	1990	2151460
[a serum-free variant of a medium for determining the toxigenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae].		1990	1699074
detection of diphtheria toxin in culture supernates of corynebacterium diphtheriae and c. ulcerans by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody.	monoclonal antibody (mab) to diphtheria toxin was produced in mouse hybridomas, and shown by elisa to be of sub-class igg1. hybridomas were inoculated into mice to produce ascitic fluid from which mab was purified by caprylic acid. the mab was shown by immunoblotting to be directed against the a fragment of the toxin and also against the intact toxin molecule. after conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate, it was used in an immunoassay to detect toxin in culture supernates of corynebacterium ...	1990	2202836
[the use of medium 199 in the bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria].		1990	1691349
[a case of diphtheria in an adult].		1990	1704664
[classical pseudomembranous diphtheria caused by corynebacterium ulcerans].	in a 63-year-old patient presenting with signs of classical diphtheria including membranous pharyngotracheobronchitis and myocarditis, corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated in pure culture from the membranes. the strain produced a toxin specific for c. ulcerans but no diphtheria toxin. the patient was discharged after a complicated hospital course including respiratory and cardiac failure. besides corynebacterium diphtheriae, which has very rarely been isolated in switzerland in recent years, co ...	1990	2084836
routine screening for corynebacterium diphtheriae.		1990	1978064
[the status of antidiphtheria immunity and of the toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae carrier state in organized collectives of adults].		1990	2077715
localization of an origin of replication in corynebacterium diphtheriae broad host range plasmid png2 that also functions in escherichia coli.	subcloning and protoplast transformation studies identified a 2.6 kb fragment of corynebacterium diphtheriae plasmid png2 which contains an origin of replication (orir). molecular combination of the 2.6 kb orir cartridge with escherichia coli plasmid puc18cmr enabled the e. coli cloning vector to replicate within several species of corynebacterium host cells. a 2.6 kb plasmid formed from the orir cartridge alone is capable of replicating in e. coli. this suggests that a single origin could be us ...	1990	2108894
nucleotide sequence of the erythromycin resistance gene from the corynebacterium plasmid png2.		1990	2110657
effect of low mole fraction of trehalose dicorynomycolate from corynebacterium diphtheriae on water permeability and electrical capacitance of lipid bilayer membranes.	the effect of incorporation of different proportions of trehalose dicorynomycolates (tdc) into lecithin bilayer membranes was studied. it was found that tdc, induces a 14% decrease of water osmotic permeability (42.6 +/- 3.9 to 36.8 +/- 2.7 microns/s) at 1.6 mole%, suggesting that this substance leads to an increase of the degree of packing of the constituent lipid molecules. a condensing effect of tdc was also apparent from membrane electrical capacitance (cm) measurement. by incorporating tdc ...	1990	2111231
molecular cloning and dna sequence analysis of a diphtheria tox iron-dependent regulatory element (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae.	although the structural gene for diphtheria toxin, tox, is carried by a family of closely related corynebacteriophages, the regulation of tox expression is controlled, to a large extent, by its bacterial host corynebacterium diphtheriae. optimal yields of tox gene products are obtained only when iron becomes the growth-rate-limiting substrate. previous studies suggest that regulation of tox expression is mediated through an iron-binding aporepressor. to facilitate molecular cloning of the tox re ...	1990	2116013
acp broadsheet no 125: july 1990. bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria.		1990	2116457
effect of different concentrations of diphtheria toxoid & aluminum phosphate on potency of diphtheria component in dpt vaccines.	an effort was made to determine the optimum concentration of diphtheria toxoid in combination with aluminum phosphate gel in dpt vaccines which may give a safe, potent and economical preparation. the effect of four different concentrations of aluminum phosphate and three different antigenic concentrations of diphtheria toxoid on potency of diphtheria component in dpt vaccine was assessed. a gradual increase in potency was seen with increase in toxoid concentration and a gradual decrease in poten ...	1990	2118880
[the cellular immune response in different forms of diphtheria in adults].	in 109 adult diphtheria patients with different forms of the disease (toxic, subtoxic, localized) and carriers, the latter including 6 persons having had the localized form of diphtheria, 12 different subpopulations of t and b lymphocytes and neutrophils were studied by the methods of rosette formation with sheep, mouse and bovine red blood cells. the study showed that, starting from week 2 of the disease, an increase in the content of the subpopulations under study was registered in all forms o ...	1990	2122622
diphtheritic polyneuritis in an elderly woman: clinical and neurophysiological follow-up.	a 71-year-old english lady initially presented with a bulbar paralysis and, six weeks later, developed a generalised sensori-motor neuropathy. corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis was cultured from her throat swab. despite a good clinical recovery at one month, nerve conduction velocity was at its lowest. as far as the authors are aware, this is one of the few cases of neurophysiological and clinical follow-up in a british subject with diphtheritic peripheral neuropathy. this case emphasises the im ...	1990	2169838
[cloning and expression of the gene for diphtheria toxin and its subunits in escherichia coli].	the results of cloning corynebacterium diphtheriae phi 984 tox gene and its a and b subunits in escherichia coli are presented. regulatory sequences of tox gene are capable to promote effective expression in e. coli cells. a set of recombinant plasmids has been obtained which can determine the synthesis of a and b individual subunits and are suitable for constructing immunotoxins by gene engineering. the diphtheria toxin of 62 kda synthesized in e. coli has enzymatic activity and reacts with ant ...	1990	2227396
nucleotide sequence of the replication region from the mycobacterium-escherichia coli shuttle vector pep2.	the replication region derived from the corynebacterium diphtheriae-escherichia coli plasmid png2 was sequenced. this 1.85-kb segment contains a single origin of dna replication, one major open reading frame and shares no sequence homology with previously described plasmids.	1990	2265753
diphtheria with a difference--a rare corynebacterium fatality with associated apoptotic cell death.	a case of infection with corynebacterium ulcerans (c. ulcerans), resulted in the sudden death of a previously healthy 73-year-old woman. death from corynebacterium diphtheriae (c. diphtheriae) infection is well-documented. fatalities following infection with c. ulcerans are unreported; this would appear to be the first documented death due to such infection.	1990	2323738
sandwich-dot immunobinding assay (sandwich-dia), a new immunological method for the detection of diphtheria toxin.	in this paper we describe a new assay for diphtheria toxin in bacterial cultures, based on a sandwich-dot immunobinding method. this method uses horse polyclonal diphtheria antitoxin as the coating antibody and mouse monoclonal diphtheria antitoxin as the detecting antibody. the sensitivity of this new method is within a range of 5-10 ng toxin per ml in corynebacterium diphtheriae cultures. we did not observe any false-positive reactions. as a solid phase we used nitrocellulose disks which bind ...	1990	2124491
[deoxyribonuclease from corynebacterium diphtheriae: dynamics of synthesis and properties].	diphtheritic bacteria of pw-8 massachusetts strain produced into cultural medium only one nucleotidase--endodnaase. the enzyme was synthesized by the cells during the exponential phase of growth. the dnaase was purified 500-fold and exhibited properties specific to neutral-alkaline dnaases (ph optimum about 7.5, absolute requirements for me2+, single-step mechanism of substrate hydrolysis). the following properties were typical for the enzyme: absence of distinct specificity to structure of base ...	1990	2111600
elimination of the disulphide bridge in fragment b of diphtheria toxin: effect on membrane insertion, channel formation, and atp binding.	active diphtheria toxin consists of two disulphide-linked fragments, termed a and b. fragment b, which contains an internal disulphide bridge, facilitates translocation of the enzymatically active fragment a to the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. in this process cation-selective channels are formed. an in vitro translated full-length mutant lacking the internal disulphide bridge (a-58**) was functionally indistinguishable from its disulphide-containing counterpart (a-58) with respect to trypsin sen ...	1991	1646374
cutaneous diphtheria.		1991	1816125
[a phase-i clinical trial of a new antitetanus/antidiphtheria vaccine for adults].		1991	1725595
[the level of postvaccinal immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis in relation to the number of inoculations].	the work was aimed at the comparative study of the intensity of immunity to diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis, depending on the number of injections of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) vaccine and poliomyelitis vaccine, for the purpose of finding out the possibility of reducing the antigenic load given to children without diminishing the intensity of immunity. to determine the level of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus, 1900 children under school age were serologically studied by ...	1991	1650072
toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae associated with the haj.		1991	1669870
routine screening for corynebacterium diphtheriae.		1991	1678835
medical and microbiological problems arising from airborne infection in hospitals.	the practical importance and frequency of airborne nosocomial infections has been a matter of dispute for many years. this is because most of the pathogens acquired in hospitals are able to use various different routes of infecting the patient's body so that it may be difficult or even impossible to prove an individual infection to be airborne. only microbes such as streptococcus pyogenes, neisseria meningitidis, corynebacterium diphtheriae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, or certain respiratory vir ...	1991	1679815
[the use of the cluster selection method for assessing the status of immunity to controlled infections (measles, diphtheria and tetanus)].	the use of the method of cluster selection in mass serological examination makes it possible to obtain statistically significant results with very low expenditures. the coincidence of the results on the number of seronegative children, obtained by the method of cluster selection, with the results of mass serological examination of all children aged 6-7 years in the district (children found to be seronegative to measles constituted 5.5% and 5.0% respectively) is indicative of the statistical sign ...	1991	1759518
vaccine-preventable respiratory infections in childhood.	in the past decade, immunization rates among preschool-age children in the united states have decreased to levels lower than those in many developing countries. as a result, epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases have occurred, especially in urban areas. six of the infections prevented by immunization--those caused by bordetella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b, corynebacterium diphtheriae, measles virus, and influenza virus--frequently cause respiratory trac ...	1991	1809999
[the adhesive activity of diphtheritic strains in relation to the characteristics of the infectious process they induce].	the degree of adhesiveness of 602 c. diphtheriae strains isolated from patients with different forms of diphtheria was studied on trypsinized sheep red blood cells (srbc) used as an experimental model. the titer of bacterial suspension, i.e. its highest dilution ensuring the agglutination of 50% of srbc, was assumed to be the index of adhesive activity. the toxigenic strains were more homogeneous with respect to the degree of their activity and proved to be moderately and highly adhesive, while ...	1991	1811384
[the vaccination of children with allergic diseases with reduced doses of adsorbed dt-m anatoxin].	during a remission and drug therapy, 71 children suffering from allergic diseases were vaccinated with dt-m toxoid containing different dose of diphtheria (1, 2.5, 5 lf) and tetanus (1, 2.5, 5 ec) antigens. it has been shown that all the children responded to tetanus antigen by adequate serological tests, whereas as regards diphtheria toxoid, the patients immunized with the least dose of dt-m preparation (1 lf + + 1 ec antigens) produced specific antibodies later and at a lower level. during the ...	1991	1762853
relationship of biotype and source to the hemagglutination and adhesive properties of c. diphtheriae.	1. a study was conducted on the hemagglutinating and adhesive properties of sucrose-fermenting and non-sucrose-fermenting corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. sheep erythrocytes were agglutinated by 72% of toxigen c. diphtheriae strains and by 87% of nontoxigenic strains, by 67% of the strains isolated from throats and 94% of skin isolates, and by 65% of sucrose-fermenting organisms and 93% of non-sucrose-fermenting strains. 2. neither presence nor absence of toxin production was correlated with ...	1991	1823253
periodic acid-schiff-positive organisms in primary cutaneous bacillus cereus infection. case report and an investigation of the periodic acid-schiff staining properties of bacteria.	primary cutaneous bacillus cereus infection frequently presents as a single necrotic bulla on the extremity of an immunocompromised patient. in lesional biopsy specimens and smears, the large gram-positive rods of b cereus may be mistaken for clostridium species. this is a potentially serious error, as bacillus species are resistant to penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. we studied a case in which large periodic acid-schiff-staining organisms were seen in the biopsy specimen from a nec ...	1991	1900984
comparison of acellular and whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants. the apdt vaccine study group.	in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, longitudinal study, 252 children received licensed lederle diphtheria-tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (dtp) at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and 245 children received a dtp vaccine with the lederle/takeda acellular pertussis component (apdt) at the same ages. both groups of children received apdt vaccine at 18 months of age. after each of the first three immunizations, apdt vaccine recipients had fewer local and systemic reactions than did ...	1991	1907317
[the characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae adhesins].	the study of the properties of c. diphtheriae adhesins revealed the absence of their thermostability, which suggested the protein nature of these adhesins. c. diphtheriae also showed pronounced mannose-resistant hemagglutinating activity, as this activity remained unchanged even in the presence of d-mannose. the comparison of the adhesive activity of c. diphtheriae with their phage and corycine sensitivity revealed essential differences between these macroorganisms in the degree of their adhesiv ...	1991	1909075
characterization of a defective diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) allele and analysis of dtxr transcription in wild-type and mutant strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae.	the production of diphtheria toxin and siderophore by the corynebacterium diphtheriae regulatory mutant c7(beta)hm723 is resistant to the inhibitory effects of iron, and the mutant strain is defective for function of the regulatory gene dtxr. a 2.8-kb hindiii fragment carrying the c7(beta)hm723 dtxr allele was cloned and characterized in escherichia coli. the restriction endonuclease maps of the 2.8-kb hindiii fragment from c7(beta)hm723 and the corresponding fragment from wild-type c. diphtheri ...	1991	1718867
immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in infant rhesus monkeys.	two haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines were evaluated for immunogenicity in eliciting anti-polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (prp) antibodies in infant rhesus monkeys. animals received intramuscular injections of either hib polysaccharide (prp)-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex or hib oligosaccharide-crm197 (hboc) conjugate vaccines on d 0, 28, and 56. because hboc contains the crm197 mutant diphtheria toxin from corynebacterium diphtheriae as it ...	1991	2000253
immunity to diphtheria in the 3-19 year age group in italy.	in italy, immunization with diphtheria toxoid has been compulsory for all newborns since 1939. the last two clinical cases of diphtheria were reported in 1987. during the period 1987-1989, immunity against diphtheria was assessed by neutralization test in a random sample of 1740 healthy subjects 3-19 years old, from five geographical areas of italy. of the total population, 76.5% showed antibody levels considered to be protective (greater than or equal to 0.1 iu ml-1), 17.2% had a relative degre ...	1991	1759506
rapid screening for toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae by the polymerase chain reaction.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to discriminate between toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates of corynebacterium diphtheriae. primers specific to the diphtheria toxin gene were used to amplify a toxin gene fragment from simple boiled-cell preparations. eight recent clinical isolates and four reference strains were tested. the result of the pcr agreed with the traditional toxigenicity assays (the elek test and guinea pig inoculation) in all cases. pcr has several advantages over the e ...	1991	1791203
microbial lipids and stable foam formation in the activated sludge process.	the presence of fats and oils in sewage has been related to the formation of stable foams in activated sludge treatment systems. foam forming microbes can utilise and, in some cases, store lipid substrates. since surface lipids would confer the hydrophobicity necessary for flotation on the sludge biomass, the extractable lipids in foaming and non-foaming biomass samples were examined. both pure mono-cultures and sludge samples were used. the results showed that, whilst there were some difference ...	1991	1907713
[the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria in adults].	of 262 patients referred with suspicion of diphtheria the diagnosis was confirmed in 145 (55.3%). clinico-epidemiological data indicate that the severity of diphtheria course, the tendency of increase of its incidence at the ukrssr territory and in the ussr emphasize that early diagnosis and adequate treatment are of prime importance. to achieve this not only epidemiologists and infectionists but also cardiologists, otolaryngologists and general practitioners should actively participate in manag ...	1991	1949721
[a comparative evaluation of the immunological efficacy of adpt vaccine and adt-m anatoxin in the immunization of children against diphtheria and tetanus].	comparative study of the immunological effectiveness of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) vaccine and adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid with reduced antigen content (adsorbed dt toxoid r) in the immunization of children, carried out in accordance with the vaccination schedule, was made. immune response to the injection of adsorbed dpt vaccine was higher than after immunization with adsorbed dt toxoid r, as evidenced by antibody titers. it was probably due to differences in the number ...	1991	1950266
iron-dependent regulation of diphtheria toxin and siderophore expression by the cloned corynebacterium diphtheriae repressor gene dtxr in c. diphtheriae c7 strains.	a regulatory gene (dtxr) responsible for iron-dependent repression of the toxin (tox) and siderophore genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae was cloned and characterized. a dna fragment carrying dtxr repressed expression of a tox-lacz gene fusion in escherichia coli dh5 alpha in a high-iron environment but not under low-iron conditions. a protein with mobility corresponding to approximately 28 to 29 kda was identified as the product of the dtxr gene by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ele ...	1991	1828057
[the effect of nematode invasiveness in children on postvaccinal immunity].		1991	1836830
[diphtheria in denmark 1956-1989. occurrence of corynebacterium diphtheriae and other diphtheria toxigenic bacteria].	the public immunization program against diphtheria, established in 1941, has almost eradicated the disease in denmark, and 1956 became the first year without any notified cases. since then, toxigenic strains have only been isolated five times--three cases of clinical diphtheria due to corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar. mitis and two cases of tonsillitis/pharyngitis due to corynebacterium ulcerans. the source of the infection was not identified in any of the cases. the first case of diphtheria i ...	1991	1901182