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facile synthesis of multifunctional multi-walled carbon nanotube for pathogen vibrio alginolyticus detection in fishery and environmental samples.interest in carbon nanotubes for detecting the presence of pathogens arises because of developments in chemical vapor deposition synthesis and progresses in biomolecular modification. here we reported the facile synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts), which functioned as immuno-, magnetic, fluorescent sensors in detecting vibrio alginolyticus (va). the structures and properties of functionalized mwcnts were characterized by ultraviolet (uv), fourier transform infrared spectra (ft-ir ...201425059166
molecular characterization and functional analysis of two distinct liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) genes in large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea).liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) plays a vital role in the host innate immune system. in the present study, two leap-2 genes (lcleap-2a and lcleap-2c) from large yellow croaker (larimichthys crocea) were cloned, both of which consist of 3 exons and 2 introns. the lcleap-2a transcripts were expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest mrna levels found in the liver and intestine, while lcleap-2c transcripts showed obvious lower mrna levels in all tested tissues compared ...201424727197
gene expression profile analysis of manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) hemocytes after a vibrio alginolyticus challenge using an immune-enriched oligo-microarray.the manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) is a cultured bivalve with worldwide commercial importance, and diseases cause high economic losses. for this reason, interest in the immune genes in this species has recently increased. the present work describes the construction of the first r. philippinarum microarray containing immune-related hemocyte sequences and its application to study the gene transcription profiles of hemocytes from clams infected with v. alginolyticus through a time course.201424708293
differential hsp70 expression in mytilus coruscus under various stressors.heat shock proteins (hsps) play crucial roles in protecting cells against environmental stresses, such as heat shock, heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria. among the hsp family, the 70-kda hsps are most responsible for intracellular chaperone and extracellular immunoregulatory functions. the full-length hsp70 cdna of mytilus coruscus (designated as mchsp70, genbank accession no. kf322135) was obtained, which was 2319 bp, including an orf of 1965 bp to encode a polypeptide of 655 amino acid with ...201424704274
identification and functional characterization of a novel ferritin subunit from the tropical sea cucumber, stichopus monotuberculatus.ferritin is one of the major non-harm iron storage proteins that found in most cell types of animals, plants and microorganisms. in this study, a ferritin subunit named stmfer was identified from the sea cucumber (stichopus monotuberculatus) and characterized functionally. the full-length cdna of stmfer is 1184 bp in size with a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 131 bp, a 3'-utr of 531 bp and an open reading frame of 522 bp that encoding a protein of 173 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight ...201424698995
structural and functional studies on three alginate lyases from vibrio alginolyticus.to date, several microorganisms that can metabolize alginate have been characterized. in these microorganisms, a class of enzymes called alginate lyases (alys) catalyze the depolymerization of alginate into oligomers via an endolytic β-elimination reaction. but it is not clear how these lyases differ on their enzymological functions or their divisions of labor. we focused on three extracellular secretory alginate lyases in the gram-negative marine bacterium v.alginolyticus (atcc 17749). we found ...201424050202
[autotransfusion through acute, preoperative hemodilution --1st clinical experiences]. 20144464408
the language of dementia in the elderly: a pilot study. 20144052318
evaluating a restrictive formulary system by assessing nonformulary-drug requests.nonformulary-drug requests were used to evaluate a restrictive formulary system in a large university hospital, and a telephone survey of eight similar hospitals was conducted to assess the restrictiveness of their formulary systems. nonformulary-drug requests were evaluated by two drug information pharmacists over a 12-month period (january-december 1984) to assess the frequency with which nonformulary items were ordered, the costs associated with the procurement of nonformulary drug products, ...20144025350
british medical association attacks cigarette smoking. 20143978493
letter: "febrile convulsions". 20144128751
[electromyography of the perineal plane with cutaneous electrodes in routine urodynamic examinations]. 20144081958
activities of the modified polyene n-d-ornithyl amphotericin methyl ester and the azoles ici 153066, bay n 7133, and bay l 9139 compared with those of amphotericin b and ketoconazole in the therapy of experimental blastomycosis.we studied the efficacy of new experimental antifungal drugs, which represent molecular modifications of present active agents, in a murine model of blastomycosis. ketoconazole, previously the best azole drug studied and which is protective when administered orally, was superior to a new oral imidazole, bay l 9139, and a new oral triazole, bay n 7133. a new oral triazole, ici 153066, was markedly more effective than ketoconazole and is the only oral drug studied which came close to producing com ...20143994350
myocardial cell damage in "stone hearts". 20144277587
myocardial cell damage in "stone hearts". 20144277587
receptive-field symmetry probed using converging gratings.contrast-sensitivity functions (csf's) for converging and diverging gratings were obtained under voluntary fixation at several field widths and under retinal stabilization at one field width. in general, these types of gratings had similar csf's at all temporal frequencies tested, a result that can be explained by plausible spatiotemporal receptive-field models possessing spatial antisymmetry but not by models possessing pure (even) spatial symmetry. phase condition at the central line in conver ...20143973760
[mechanisms of adaptation to physical exertion in patients with an expiratory obstructive syndrome]. 20144096445
[new studies on a relationship between hemoglobins and rhesus factors in africans]. 20144308643
letter: brain-levels of monoamine oxidase in depression. 20144136104
[determination of anionic surface-active substances in the blood serum by a colorimetric method]. 20143957060
[new studies on a relationship between hemoglobins and rhesus factors in africans]. 20144308643
perception of sign language of the deaf. 20144099482
the prevention of dental caries by mouthrinsing with solutions of neutral sodium fluoride. 20144149260
[on aplasia of the abdominal muscles. case reports]. 20144255248
crisis-oriented therapy. 20144094611
effect of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. veterans administration cooperative study on antihypertensive agents. effect on the electrocardiogram. 20144269435
evoked potentials in handicapped children. 20144255252
evoked potentials in handicapped children. 20144255252
[on aplasia of the abdominal muscles. case reports]. 20144255248
editorial: universities and medical schools. 20144134682
metoclopramide in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to metoclopramide (mcp), a dopamine antagonist, were examined in 5 patients with pheochromocytoma, 12 patients with essential hypertension (eht) and 9 normotensive (nt) subjects who displayed symptoms suggestive of pheochromocytoma on a constant daily intake of 100 meq sodium and 80 meq potassium. significant pressor responses to intravenous doses of 5 mg of mcp, which produced no serious pressor episodes and no other undesirable side effects, we ...20144057555
luyso-pallido-nigral atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.the clinical and pathologic findings in a 34-year-old woman with basal ganglia degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reported. the duration of symptoms was 2 years. a maternal uncle had a parkinsonian syndrome with onset at 45 years of age. neuropathologic examination revealed extensive neuronal loss and gliosis in the corpus luysii. nerve cell loss and gliosis also involved both parts of the globus pallidus, and the substantia nigra. the corticospinal tracts were demyelinated in th ...20143993336
a computer-analyzed data collection system for nurse-midwifery services. two years' experience. 20143938482
determination of gabapentin in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and pre-column labelling for ultraviolet detection. 20144030992
[pacemaker implantation in infants and children for atrioventricular block]. 20143819491
ole modifications of the disabled male. 20144229807
[problem of transfusion hepatitis in public health service]. 20144234419
choosing medicine. 20144121954
bacterial motility patterns reveal importance of exploitation over exploration in marine microhabitats. part i: theory.bacteria use different motility patterns to navigate and explore natural habitats. however, how these motility patterns are selected, and what their benefits may be, are not understood. in this article, we analyze the effect of motility patterns on a cell's ability to migrate in a chemical gradient and to localize at the top of the gradient, the two most important characteristics of bacterial chemotaxis. we will focus on two motility patterns, run-tumble and run-reverse-flick, that are observed ...201425296325
draft genome sequences of vibrio sp. strains isolated from tetrodotoxin-bearing scavenging gastropod.vibrio sp. strains jcm 18905 and jcm 19053 were isolated from a tetrodotoxin (ttx)-bearing scavenging gastropod, and vibrio sp. strain jcm 18904 was isolated from a sea cucumber. all these are closely related to vibrio alginolyticus. their comparative genome information is useful for studies of ttx production in bacteria.201424948773
acupuncture analgesia in dentistry. 20144111845
occurrence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from seawater organisms caught in campania region: preliminary study.environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals is a public health concern: drugs administered to humans and animals are excreted with urine or faeces and attend the sewage treatment. the main consequences of use and abuse of antibiotics is the development and diffusion of antibiotic resistance that has become a serious global problem. aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial residues and to assess the antimicrobial resistance in bacteria species isolated from different wild ...201425027759
liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde enhances zebrafish (danio rerio) immunity and survival when challenged with vibrio vulnificus and streptococcus agalactiae.cinnamaldehyde, which is extracted from cinnamon, is a natural compound with activity against bacteria and a modulatory immune function. however, the antibacterial activity and immunostimulation of cinnamaldehyde in fish has not been well investigated due to the compound's poor water solubility. thus, liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (lec) was used to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens and in vivo immunity and protection parame ...201424632045
spalf4: a newly identified anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the mud crab scylla paramamosain with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) are antimicrobial peptides with binding and neutralizing activities to lipopolysaccharide (lps) in crustaceans. this study identified and characterized a novel alf homolog (spalf4) from the mud crab scylla paramamosain. the complete cdna of spalf4 had 756 bp with a 381 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 126 aa. the deduced protein contained a signal peptide and a lps-binding domain. spalf4 shared the highest identity with ptalf5 at amino acid lev ...201424239582
the treatment of acne. 20144222949
disorders of lipid metabolism. 20144217183
construction of functional fragments of the cytoplasmic loop with the c-terminal region of poma, a stator component of the vibrio na+ driven flagellar motor.the membrane motor proteins, poma (polar flagellar motility protein a) and pomb (polar flagellar motility protein b), of vibrio alginolyticus form a stator complex that converts energy from the ion flow to mechanical work in bacterial flagellar motors. the cytoplasmic domain of poma is believed to interact with the rotor protein flig to make a torque. in this study, to investigate the function of the cytoplasmic domain of poma, we constructed a series of fragments that flank the cytoplasmic loop ...201424398784
dynamics of an interactive network composed of a bacterial two-component system, a transporter and k+ as mediator.kdpd and kdpe form a histidine kinase/response regulator system that senses k(+) limitation and induces the kdpfabc operon, which encodes a high-affinity k(+) uptake complex. to define the primary stimulus perceived by kdpd we focused in this study on the dynamics of the kdp response. escherichia coli cells were subjected to severe k(+) limitation, and all relevant parameters of the kdp response, i.e., levels of kdpfabc transcripts and kdpfabc proteins, as well as extra- and intracellular k(+) c ...201424586952
effects of hot-water extract of banana (musa acuminata) fruit's peel on the antibacterial activity, and anti-hypothermal stress, immune responses and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbegii.the hot-extracts isolated from fruit's peel of banana, musa acuminata, was evaluated on the antibacterial activity to pathogens from aquatic animals, and immunostimulating potential, disease resistance and anti-hypothermal stress in giant freshwater prawn, macrobrachium rosenbergii through injection administration. the banana peel extract (bpe) showed good activity against 1 gram-positive and 3 gram-negative pathogens, including lactococcus garvieae, photobacteria damsella, vibrio alginolyticus ...201424906123
characteristic and functional analysis of a ficolin-like protein from the oyster crassostrea hongkongensis.ficolins are a group of soluble animal proteins with multiple roles in innate immunity. these proteins recognize and bind carbohydrates in pathogens and activate the complement system, leading to opsonization, leukocyte activation, and direct pathogen killing, which have been reported in many animal species but might not be present in the shellfish lineage. in the present study, we identified the first fibrinogen-related protein from the oyster, crassostrea hongkongensis. this novel ficolin-like ...201425120216
development and characterization of a novel bioactive polymer with antibacterial and lysozyme-like activity.the development and characterization of a novel bioactive polymer based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme (gox) in a polyvinyl alcohol (pva) film showing antibacterial activity is presented. the pva-gox composite material was extensively characterized by uv-vis, x-ray photoelectron (xps) spectroscopy and by fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy to verify the preservation of enzyme structural integrity and activity. the antimicrobial activity of this composite material agai ...201423996728
cloning and immune characterization of the c-type lysozyme gene in red-spotted grouper, epinephelus akaara.lysozyme is an important component of the innate immune response against pathogen infection. the gene coding for c-type lysozyme in red-spotted grouper epinephelus akaara was cloned and designated eaclys. the complete cdna contains a 432 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 144 amino acids displaying 65-91% similarity with the amino acid sequences of human, mouse, chicken, and fish counterparts. recombinant eaclys (reaclys) was expressed in escherichia coli, displayed antibacterial activi ...201424239919
occurrence of vibrio and salmonella species in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the moroccan atlantic coast.this study reports the occurrence of different vibrio and salmonella species in 52 samples of mytilus galloprovincialis collected from four sites along the atlantic coast between agadir and essaouira (anza, cap ghir, imssouane and essaouira). the level of escherichia coli (e. coli) was also determined to evaluate the degree of microbial pollution in the investigated areas. in this study three methods were used : afnor nf en iso 6579 v08-013 for salmonella spp., the provisional method routinely u ...201424936389
ptserpin from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus, a putative regulator of prophenoloxidase activation with antibacterial activity.serpin or serine protease inhibitor is the largest family of protease inhibitors involved in many innate immune pathways, particularly the prophenoloxidase (propo) activating system in arthropod. here, we report the molecular and functional characterization of ptserpin identified from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the genomic sequence encoding mature peptide of ptserpin gene contained two exons of 84 and 1098 bp separated by one intron of 111 bp. the recombinant ptserpin (rptserpin ...201424861890
transcriptome analysis of the effect of vibrio alginolyticus infection on the innate immunity-related complement pathway in epinephelus coioides.orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) with protogynous hermaphroditic features are one of the most economically important aquaculture species in taiwan. however, larvae stage grouper are susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen vibrio alginolyticus. to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to v. alginolyticus in epinephelus coioides larvae, we used high-throughput deep sequencing technology to study the effect of infection on gene expression.201425496447
antiadhesive activity of poly-hydroxy butyrate biopolymer from a marine brevibacterium casei msi04 against shrimp pathogenic vibrios.vibrio pathogens are causative agents of mid-culture outbreaks, and early mortality syndrome and secondary aetiology of most dreadful viral outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. among the pathogenic vibrios group, vibrio alginolyticus and v. harveyi are considered as the most significant ones in the grow-out ponds of giant black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in india. use of antibiotics was banned in many countries due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and accumulation of residual antib ...201425115578
antibacterial efficacy of recombinant siganus oramin l-amino acid oxidase expressed in pichia pastoris.siganus oraminl-amino acid oxidase is a novel natural protein (named sr-laao) isolated from serum of the rabbitfish (s. oramin), which showed antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and had a lethal effect on the parasites cryptocaryon irritans, trypanosoma brucei brucei and ichthyophthirius multifiliis. in order to test whether recombinant sr-laao (rsr-laao) produced by the eukaryotic expression system also has antimicrobial activity, the yeast pichia pastor ...201425238719
identification of a c-type lectin with antiviral and antibacterial activity from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei.c-type lectins (ctls) play crucial roles in innate immune responses in invertebrates by recognizing and eliminating microinvaders. in this study, a ctl from pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei (lvctl3) was identified. lvctl3 contains a single c-type lectin-like domain (ctld), which shows similarities to those of other shrimp ctls and has a mutated 'epd' motif in ca(2+)-binding site 2. lvctl3 mrna can be detected in all tested tissues and expression of lvctl3 in gills was up-regulated after ...201424792214
antibiotic resistance of vibrio species isolated from sparus aurata reared in italian mariculture.extensive use of antimicrobial agents in finfish farming and the consequent selective pressure lead to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture environment bacteria. vibrio genus represents one of the main pathogens affecting gilthead sea bream. the development of antibiotic resistance by vibrio represents a potential threat to human health by exchange of resistant genes to human pathogens through food chain. the objective of the present study was to conduct a multisite survey on ...201425180847
phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) of marine bacterial origin inhibits quorum sensing mediated biofilm formation in the uropathogen serratia marcescens.intercellular communication in bacteria (quorum sensing, qs) is an important phenomenon in disease dissemination and pathogenesis, which controls biofilm formation also. this study reports the anti-qs and anti-biofilm efficacy of seaweed gracilaria gracilis associated vibrio alginolyticus g16 against serratia marcescens. purification and mass spectrometric analysis revealed the active principle as phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) [pd]. pd affected the qs regulated virulence factor production i ...201425377484
the first molluscan acute phase serum amyloid a (a-saa) identified from oyster crassostrea hongkongensis: molecular cloning and functional characterization.serum amyloid a (saa), a major evolutionarily conserved acute-phase protein, participates in many biological processes in eukaryotic cells, including innate immunity. however, little information regarding the relationship between saa and innate immunity in mollusks is currently available. in this report, the first bivalve saa (referred to as chsaa) gene was identified and characterized from the hong kong oyster crassostrea hongkongensis. its full-length cdna is 623 bp, including a 5'-utr of 147 ...201424859593
identification and functional characterization of heat shock transcription factor1 in litopenaeus vannamei.heat shock transcription factors belong to the heat shock factor (hsf) protein family, which are involved in heat shock protein (hsp) gene regulation. they are critical for cell survival upon exposure to harmful conditions. in this study, we identified and characterized a hsf1 (lvhsf1) gene in litopenaeus vannamei, with a full-length cdna of 2841 bp and an open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 632 amino acids. through multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, it was reve ...201424508618
the identification of the first molluscan akirin2 with immune defense function in the hong kong oyster crassostrea hongkongensis.the akirin protein is a nuclear factor in the innate immune system that is highly conserved from insects to mammals and plays key roles in diverse biological processes, including immunity, myogenesis, development and the cellular stress response. however, the function of akirins in mollusk, the second most diverse group of animals, is still poorly understood. in this study, we report the discovery of an akirin2 gene homolog (chakirin2) and its biological functions in the hong kong oyster crassos ...201425284180
genomic characterization and expression analysis of five novel il-17 genes in the pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.interleukin-17 (il-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in clearing extracellular bacteria and contributes to the pathology of many autoimmune and allergic conditions. in the present study, five novel il-17 homologs were identified by searching and analyzing the pacific oyster genome. all six cgil-17 members (including a previously reported homolog) contained four conserved cysteines that were used in the formation of disulfide bonds. phylogenetic analysis showed that a ...201425090939
development and evaluation of a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp) for rapid and simultaneous detection of ten pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals.rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly strategies are urgently needed for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment, particularly for on-site screening of pathogens in aquaculture. in this study, we successfully developed a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp), which was capable of simultaneously detecting 10 pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals, i.e., nocardia seriolae, pseudomonas putida, streptococcus iniae, ...201424954661
the first invertebrate rig-i-like receptor (rlr) homolog gene in the pacific oyster crassostrea gigas.retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptor (rlr) is a pivotal receptor that detects numerous rna and dna viruses and mediates the innate induction of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines upon viral infection. in the present study, we cloned and characterized the first rig-i gene in a marine mollusk, crassostrea gigas, and designated it as cgrig-i. the full-length cgrig-i cdna is 3436 bp, including 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (utrs) of 93 bp and 286 bp, respectively, and an op ...201425107697
isolation and characterization of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) from grouper, epinephelus tauvina.tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (traf6) is one of the key adapter molecules in toll-like receptor signal transduction that triggers downstream cascades involved in innate immunity. in the present study, a traf6 (named as et-traf6) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus tauvina by race pcr. the full-length cdna of et-traf6 comprised 1949 bp with a 1713 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 570 amino acids. similar to most traf6s, et-tr ...201424811008
molecular cloning and characterization of a new g-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysg) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against pathogen infection. in this study, a new g-type lysozyme gene with a typical g-type lysozyme domain (designated as ec-lysg) was cloned and characterized from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysg cdna contains 1419 bp and encodes a 256-residue protein containing a 25-residue signal peptide at the n-terminus. blast analysis reveals ec-lysg shares 64% identity with siniperca chuatsi, but 63% to another reporte ...201424877656
a chimeric siderophore halts swarming vibrio.some bacteria swarm under some circumstances; they move rapidly and collectively over a surface. in an effort to understand the molecular signals controlling swarming, we isolated two bacterial strains from the same red seaweed, vibrio alginolyticus b522, a vigorous swarmer, and shewanella algae b516, which inhibits v. alginolyticus swarming in its vicinity. plate assays combined with nmr, ms, and x-ray diffraction analyses identified a small molecule, which was named avaroferrin, as a potent sw ...201424615751
[the differentiation of specimiens of vibrio parahaemolyticua and vobrio alginolyticus].vibrio parahaemolyticua and vobrio alginolyticus are phylogenetically closely-related species. they have common ecological niches, same cultural features and similar biochemical characteristics. the phenotype variability and taxonomy similarity of strains of these species impedes differentiation of vibrio parahaemolyticua and vobrio alginolyticus according biochemical characteristics. to obtain reliable results of diagnostic application of additional methods of differentiation and identification ...201425872271
[biological characteristics and histopathological observation of vibrio alginolyticus from diseased fish].ulcer disease is one of the most serious diseases and a common problem in various stages marine culture including epinephelus coioides culture of southern china. the isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria from e. coioides will be useful for monitoring of drug resistance and controlling the outbreak and spread of ulcer disease in e. coioides. the purpose of this study was to characterize the pathogen of e. coioides.201425752145
identification of scara3, scara5 and marco of class a scavenger receptor-like family in pseudosciaena crocea.the class a scavenger receptors are important pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system in living organisms. according to the whole-genome data of large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea), three kinds of scavenger receptors, scara3, scara5 and marco were cloned from the spleen, designated severally as tycsa3, tycsa5 and tycmac. the complete cdnas open reading frames (orf) of tycsa3, tycsa5 and tycmac were 1938 bp, 1677 bp and 1218 bp (genbank accession no. kj467772, kj467773 a ...201425218683
comparative study of immune responses in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus and the shallow-water mussel mytilus galloprovincialis challenged with vibrio bacteria.the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel bathymodiolus azoricus and the continental european coast mytilus galloprovincialis are two bivalves species living in highly distinct marine habitats. mussels are filter-feeding animals that may accumulate rapidly bacteria from the environment. contact with microorganism is thus inevitable during feeding processes where gill tissues assume a strategic importance at the interface between the external milieu and the internal body cavities promoting interactio ...201425089010
complete genomic sequence of the vibrio alginolyticus lytic bacteriophage pva1.a novel vibrio alginolyticus lytic bacteriophage was isolated from sewage samples obtained from a local aquatic market. morphological analysis revealed that the phage, designated as pva1, belonged to the family podoviridae. the complete genomic sequence of phage pva1 contained 41,529 bp with a g + c content of 43.7 % and 75 putative open reading frames. the genome was grouped into four modules, including phage structure, dna packaging, dna replication and regulation, and some additional function ...201425161033
evaluating the potential of marine bacteriovorax sp. da5 as a biocontrol agent against vibriosis in litopenaeus vannamei larvae.the potential application of bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) for the biocontrol of bacterial diseases has been widely recognized. however, no marine balos have been reported for vibrio-related infections in penaeid shrimp. in the present study, the bacteriolytic ability of the marine bacteriovorax strain da5 against vibrio alginolyticus zoua was examined by cocultivation and electron microscopy, and optimal lysis was observed at 30-35°c and 20-30‰ salinity along with a high multiplicity ...201425139659
proteomic investigation of vibrio alginolyticus challenged caenorhabditis elegans revealed regulation of cellular homeostasis proteins and their role in supporting innate immune system.caenorhabditis elegans has been the preferred model system for many investigators to study pathogenesis. in the present investigation, regulation of c. elegans proteome was explored against v. alginolyticus infection using quantitative proteomics approach. proteins were separated using 2d-dige and the differentially regulated proteins were identified using pmf and maldi tof/tof analysis. the results thus obtained were validated using western blotting for candidate proteins. the corresponding tra ...201425044714
investigation of possible molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of adhesion in vibrio alginolyticus with comparative transcriptome analysis.adhesion capability to fish mucus, which can be affected by environmental conditions, is considered to be a key virulence factor of vibrio alginolyticus although the molecular mechanism is still unclear. in the present study, v. alginolyticus was treated with stress conditions including cu(2+) (50 mg/l), pb(2+) (100 mg/l), hg(2+) (50 mg/l) and low ph (ph 5). we found these stress treatments were capable of reducing the adhesion of v. alginolyticus, while the expression levels of multiple genes w ...201525726081
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of complement component c8 beta in the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) after the vibrio alginolyticus challenge.complement component c8 beta was a key molecule in the complement system, mediating the mac formation and the bacterial lysis. in this study, the full-length c8 beta (ecc8 beta) was obtained, containing a 5'utr of 25 bp, an orf of 1764 bp and a 3'utr of 198 bp. the ecc8 beta gene encoded a protein of 587 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 65.87 kda and a predicted isoelectric point (pi) of 6.35. the deduced amino acid sequence showed that ecc8 beta consisted of the conserved residue ...201525592820
dietary administration of gynura bicolor (roxb. willd.) dc water extract enhances immune response and survival rate against vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in white shrimp litopeneaus vannamei.gynura bicolor (roxb. & willd.) dc., a perennial plant belonging to the asteraceae family, is originated from the tropical area of asia. the total hemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase (po) activity, respiratory bursts (rbs), superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, and lysozyme activity were examined after white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei had been fed diets containing the water extract of g. bicolor at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g (kg diet)(-1) for 7-28 days. the results indicated that these par ...201525462462
sea bass dicentrarchus labrax (l.) bacterial infection and confinement stress acts on f-type lectin (dlfbl) serum modulation.the f-lectin, a fucose-binding protein found from invertebrates to ectothermic vertebrates, is the last lectin family to be discovered. here, we describe effects of two different types of stressors, bacterial infection and confinement stress, on the modulation of european sea bass dicentrarchus labrax (l.) f-lectin (dlfbl), a well-characterized serum opsonin, using a specific antibody. the infection of the vibrio alginolyticus bacterial strain increased the total haemagglutinating activity durin ...201525307147
deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria related to human pathogenic vibrio species.vibrio species are both ubiquitous and abundant in marine coastal waters, estuaries, ocean sediment, and aquaculture settings worldwide. we report here the isolation, characterization, and genome sequence of a novel vibrio species, vibrio antiquarius, isolated from a mesophilic bacterial community associated with hydrothermal vents located along the east pacific rise, near the southwest coast of mexico. genomic and phenotypic analysis revealed v. antiquarius is closely related to pathogenic vibr ...201525964331
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of vibrio spp. in retail and farm shrimps in ecuador.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. the presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (ems) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (ahpnd) also was evaluated. vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in cuenca, ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces el oro and guayas, ecuador. a total of 229 shrimp sampl ...201526555534
efficacy of chitosan oligosaccharide as aquatic adjuvant administrated with a formalin-inactivated vibrio anguillarum vaccine.vaccine is one of the efficient candidates to prevent fish disease through activating host immune response in aquaculture. actually, several vaccines are often administered with adjuvants to increase immunostimulation, especially for some water-based formalin-killed vaccines. however, side effects are inevitable after vaccination of some adjuvants. therefore, exploration for effective and harmless aquatic adjuvants is urgently needed. in this study, immunoprotection of a formalin-inactivated vib ...201526476108
a novel innexin2 forming membrane hemichannel exhibits immune responses and cell apoptosis in scylla paramamosain.innexins are a class of transmembrane proteins that are important for embryonic development, morphogenesis and electrical synapse formation. in the present study, a novel innexin2 gene from scylla paramamosain was named sp-inx2 and characterized. the complete cdna and genomic dna sequences of sp-inx2 were revealed. sp-inx2 mrna transcripts were distributed in various tissues of s. paramamosain and were most abundant in the hemocytes. the sp-inx2 was significantly upregulated in hemocyte, gill an ...201526384843
the srec-i and srec-ii associated with epidermal growth factor in scavenger receptor family are the potential regulative transmembrane receptors in larimichthys crocea.in innate immunity, the regulation of the immunologic gene expression plays a vital role in defense against pathogenic threat. the class f scavenger receptors (scarfs), a kind of crucial immunologic type i transmembrane receptors, mainly involve in the signal transmission and eliminating pathogens in host immune system. in this study, the srec-i and srec-ii of scarfs in larimichthys crocea (designated as lycsrec1 and lycsrec2 respectively) were first identified, the potential genetic locus relat ...201526343178
involvement of the flagellar assembly pathway in vibrio alginolyticus adhesion under environmental stresses.adhesion is an important virulence factor of vibrio alginolyticus. this factor may be affected by environmental conditions; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. in our previous research, adhesion deficient strains were obtained by culturing v. alginolyticus under stresses including cu, pb, hg, and low ph. with rna-seq and bioinformatics analysis, we found that all of these stress treatments significantly affected the flagellar assembly pathway, which may play an important role in v. ...201526322276
three novel toll genes (pttoll1-3) identified from a marine crab, portunus trituberculatus: different tissue expression and response to pathogens.the toll signaling pathway is one of the most important regulators of the immune response in both vertebrates and invertebrates. herein, three novel toll (pttoll1-3) cdna sequences were cloned from the swimming crab, portunus trituberculatus. pttoll1 has 1003 amino acid residues and consists of an extracellular domain containing 15 leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) and a cytoplasmic toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain of 139 residues. pttoll2 encodes 1196 peptides, with an extracellular domain co ...201526238349
rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio alginolyticus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick targeted to the rpox gene.vibrio alginolyticus is a major bacterial pathogen causing disease in marine animals. the present study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (lfd) for rapid and simple visual detection of v. alginolyticus-specific amplicons. the biotin-labeled lamp amplicons from the targeted portion of a gene encoding rpos-like sigma factor (rpox) were generated at 60°c for 1 h and then hybridized with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled probe fo ...201526220075
identification and characterization of three vibrio alginolyticus non-coding rnas involved in adhesion, chemotaxis, and motility processes.the capability of vibrio alginolyticus to adhere to fish mucus is a key virulence factor of the bacteria. our previous research showed that stress conditions, such as cu(2+), pb(2+), hg(2+), and low ph, can reduce this adhesion ability. non-coding (nc) rnas play a crucial role in regulating bacterial gene expression, affecting the bacteria's pathogenicity. to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the decline in adhesion ability caused by stressors, we combined high-throughput sequencing with c ...201526217589
effect of flig three amino acids deletion in vibrio polar-flagellar rotation and formation.most of bacteria can swim by rotating flagella bidirectionally. the c ring, located at the bottom of the flagellum and in the cytoplasmic space, consists of flig, flim and flin, and has an important function in flagellar protein secretion, torque generation and rotational switch of the motor. flig is the most important part of the c ring that interacts directly with a stator subunit. here, we introduced a three-amino acids in-frame deletion mutation (δpsa) into flig from vibrio alginolyticus, wh ...201526142283
cutaneous ulcer at the site of radiation-induced dermatitis caused by infection with vibrio alginolyticus. 201526141002
draft genome sequences of vibrio alginolyticus strains v1 and v2, opportunistic marine pathogens.we announce the draft genome sequences of vibrio alginolyticus strains v1 and v2, isolated from juvenile sparus aurata and dentex dentex, respectively, during outbreaks of vibriosis. the genome sequences are 5,257,950 bp with a g+c content of 44.5% for v. alginolyticus v1 and 5,068,299 bp with a g+c content of 44.8% for strain v2. these genomes provide further insights into the putative virulence factors, prophage carriage, and evolution of this opportunistic marine pathogen.201526139724
the mind homolog flhg regulates the synthesis of the single polar flagellum of vibrio alginolyticus.flhg, a mind homolog and an atpase, is known to mediate the formation of the single polar flagellum of vibrio alginolyticus together with flhf. flhg and flhf work antagonistically, with flhf promoting flagellar assembly and flhg inhibiting it. here, we demonstrate that purified flhg exhibits a low basal atpase activity. as with mind, the basal atpase activity of flhg can be activated and the d171a residue substitution enhances its atpase activity sevenfold. flhg-d171a localizes strongly at the c ...201526112286
flil associates with the stator to support torque generation of the sodium-driven polar flagellar motor of vibrio.flagellar motors generate torque to rotate flagellar filaments and drive bacterial cells. each motor is composed of a rotor and many stators. the stator is a force-generating complex that converts ion flux into torque. previous reports have suggested that the membrane protein flil is located near the stator and is involved in torque generation. we investigated the role of flil in the sodium-driven polar flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus. our results revealed that flil is a cytoplasmic memb ...201526103585
lvdj-1 plays an important role in resistance against vibrio alginolyticus in litopenaeus vannamei.dj-1 was first identified as an oncogene that transformed mouse nih3t3 cells in cooperation with activated ras. it has since exhibited a variety of functions in a range of organisms. in this study, the dj-1 gene in litopenaeus vannamei (lvdj-1) was identified and characterized. a recombinant protein lvdj-1 was produced in pichia pastoris. lvdj-1 expression in vivo was knocked down by dsrna-mediated rna interference (rnai), which led to significantly decreased levels of lvdj-1 mrna and protein. w ...201525703712
dietary supplementation of avicennia marina extract on immune protection and disease resistance in amphiprion sebae against vibrio alginolyticus.the effect of avicennia marina aqueous leaf extract on innate immune mechanisms such as total white blood cell counts (wbc), serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst assay, alternative complement (ach50) assay, phagocytic activity assay, disease resistance, gut bacteria, and survival rate of clownfish (amphiprion sebae) against vibrio alginolyticus is reported. healthy fish challenged with v. alginolyticus (1 × 10(7) cells ml(-1)) were fed with diets supplemented (0, 1, 2, and 4%) with a. mari ...201525703711
the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus immunological response to chemical pollution exposure: the case of lindane.in the marine environment organochlorine insecticides can be broadly detected in water, sediments, and biota. these pollutants may have major ecological consequences since they may affect marine organisms and endanger organismal growth, reproduction or survival. in this study we investigated the modification of some sea urchin immunological parameters in response to subchronic lindane (γ-hch) exposure. adult specimens of the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus were exposed to two different concentr ...201525911048
a novel biomarker for marine environmental pollution of pi-class glutathione s-transferase from mytilus coruscus.glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are the superfamily of phase ii detoxification enzymes that play crucial roles in innate immunity. in this study, a pi-class gst homolog was identified from mytilus coruscus (named as mcgst1, kc525103). the full-length cdna sequence of mcgst1 was 621bp with a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 70bp and a 3'-utr of 201bp. the deduced amino acid sequence was 206 residues in length with theoretical pi/mw of 5.60/23.72kda, containing the conserved g-site and diversifor ...201525910687
marine bacterial chemoresponse to a stepwise chemoattractant stimulus.we found recently that polar flagellated marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus is capable of exhibiting taxis toward a chemical source in both forward and backward swimming directions. how the microorganism coordinates these two swimming intervals, however, is not known. the work presented herein is aimed at determining the response functions of the bacterium by applying a stepwise chemoattractant stimulus while it is swimming forward or backward. the important finding of our experiment is that ...201525650943
complete genome sequence of vibrio alginolyticus atcc 17749t.vibrio alginolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium and has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in both humans and marine animals. it is the causative agent of food-borne diseases, such as gastroenteritis, and it invades through wounds in predisposed individuals. in this study, we present the completed genome of v. alginolyticus atcc 17749(t) through high-throughput sequencing.201525635021
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