Publications

immunocytochemical studies of somatostatin neurons in brain.	immunohistochemical studies with antisera to somatostatin have, in many instances, led the way to our present understanding of the peptidergic nervous system. somatostatin was among the first of the hypophysiotropic hormones shown to be contained in diverse neuronal circuits outside of the hypothalamus. for example, somatostatin is found within neurons ranging in location from the cerebral cortex to primary sensory neurons to enteric neurons within the gut wall. somatostatin was also the first n ...	1985	2863929
two distinct toxins active on vero cells from escherichia coli o157.		1985	2864594
multiresistant shigella dysenteriae type 1.		1985	2865444
synaptic transmission in the rabbit inferior mesenteric ganglion.	electrical properties, cholinergic neurotransmission and non-cholinergic neurotransmission in the rabbit inferior mesenteric ganglion (img) in vitro were examined with intracellular recording techniques. a single ganglionic neuron received an average of 42 nicotinic cholinergic synaptic inputs. an atropine-sensitive slow excitatory postsynaptic potential not followed by a non-cholinergic late slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (ls-epsp) was observed in 7% of the cells. in 63% of the cells a ...	1985	3003179
interaction of stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analogs u46619 and u44069 with human platelet membranes: coupling of receptors with high-affinity gtpase and adenylate cyclase.	it has been demonstrated using a membrane preparation of human platelets that stable analogs of pgh2, u46619 and u44069, control the activity of adenylate cyclase and a high-affinity hormone-sensitive gtpase. at 10(-8)-10(-6) m, the analogs inhibit the basal activity of adenylate cyclase by 20-25%. with a further rise in u46619 and u44069 concentrations up to 10(-5)-10(-4) m, the inhibition is abolished and adenylate cyclase activity is stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion. in the presence of ...	1985	3003958
[experimental basis for the use of collagenase preparations to prevent aging of the skin].		1985	3004061
near infrared optical monitoring of intact skeletal muscle during hypoxia and hemorrhagic hypotension in cats.		1985	3008518
complete dissociation between the activation of phosphoinositide turnover and of nadph oxidase by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in human neutrophils depleted of ca2+ and primed by subthreshold doses of phorbol 12,myristate 13,acetate.	evidences have been provided by many laboratories that the activation of the nadph oxidase in neutrophils by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) is strictly linked to a transduction pathway that involves the stimulation, via gtp binding protein, of the phosphoinositide turnover and the increase in [ca2+]i. the results presented in this paper demonstrate that fmlp can activate the nadph oxidase by triggering a transduction pathway completely independent of phosphoinositide turnover and c ...	1986	3008746
cloning and expression of the genes specifying shiga-like toxin production in escherichia coli h19.	some strains of escherichia coli produce a protein which is cytotoxic for vero cell and hela cell monolayers. this toxin is very similar to the toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and has been named verotoxin or e. coli shiga-like toxin. it has been shown that toxin conversion is due to a group of bacteriophages, one of which has been designated h-19b. in this study we report hybridization experiments showing that part of the h-19b genome is homologous to phage lambda. we have cloned a 1.7-kilobase ...	1986	3009393
studies on enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1. ii. systemic effects in rabbits of shigella dysenteriae 1 enterotoxin.	the enterotoxin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 is an acid and heat-labile protein. it induces a gut dilatory response and increases the levels of blood glucose, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase in rabbits.	1986	3019069
the effects of furosemide on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and corticosterone production stimulated by adrenocorticotropin in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells.	furosemide has been reported to have a suppressive effect on adh-, pth- and adrenaline-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) production, but the effect on adrenocorticotropin (acth) action has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, therefore, the effects of furosemide on camp and also on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) and corticosterone, stimulated by acth in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells, were investigated. the intra- and extracellular camp stimulate ...	1986	3019648
the effects of furosemide on adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate, guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate and corticosterone production stimulated by adrenocorticotropin in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells.	furosemide has been reported to have a suppressive effect on adh-, pth- and adrenaline-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) production, but the effect on adrenocorticotropin (acth) action has not yet been elucidated. in the present study, therefore, the effects of furosemide on camp and also on guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) and corticosterone, stimulated by acth in monolayer cultured rat adrenal cells, were investigated. the intra- and extracellular camp stimulate ...	1986	3019648
substrate phosphoprotein availability regulates eclosion hormone sensitivity in an insect cns.	the final step in the moulting of all insects is ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle of the previous instar, which is triggered in lepidoptera by the neurosecretory peptide eclosion hormone. this hormone acts directly on the nervous system to release the appropriate motor patterns for larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, but there are only brief periods near the end of each moult when the nervous system is competent to respond to the hormone. previous experiments have shown that the action of eclos ...	1986	3020427
substrate phosphoprotein availability regulates eclosion hormone sensitivity in an insect cns.	the final step in the moulting of all insects is ecdysis, the shedding of the cuticle of the previous instar, which is triggered in lepidoptera by the neurosecretory peptide eclosion hormone. this hormone acts directly on the nervous system to release the appropriate motor patterns for larval, pupal and adult ecdysis, but there are only brief periods near the end of each moult when the nervous system is competent to respond to the hormone. previous experiments have shown that the action of eclos ...	1986	3020427
differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro.	transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ...	1986	3020557
differential effects of transforming growth factor type beta on the growth and function of adrenocortical cells in vitro.	transforming growth factor type beta (tgf-beta) suppresses basal as well as corticotropin (acth)-stimulated steroid formation by bovine adrenocortical cells in culture. the effect is dose dependent and is not accompanied by any change in adrenocortical cell growth. the minimum effective dose of tgf-beta is 4 x 10(-13) m (10 pg/ml), and maximal inhibition is observed at a concentration of 4 x 10(-11) m (1 ng/ml). a 16- to 20-hr incubation with tgf-beta is required to decrease steroidogenesis, and ...	1986	3020557
characterization of purified shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1.	shiga toxin was purified from the culture supernatant of shigella dysenteriae 1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography and repeated chromatofocusing column chromatography. about 1.6 mg of purified shiga toxin was obtained from 15 liters of culture with a yield of about 27%. the molecular weight of purified shiga toxin was estimated to be 62,000. the toxin consisted of a and b subunits with molecular weights of about 30,000 and 5,000-6,000, respectively. the isoel ...	1986	3100915
[transfer of r plasmids between shigella and e. coli strains in the intestine of patients with acute shigellosis].		1986	3103883
shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 inhibits protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates by inactivation of aminoacyl-trna binding.	inhibition of the peptide elongation cycle of eukaryotic protein synthesis by shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1 was examined in toxin-treated reticulocyte lysate mixtures. peptidyl transferase activity of toxin-treated ribosomes was measured by following the decrease in peptidyl-trna concentrations when puromycin was added after incubation with toxin. concentrations of [3h]leucine-labeled peptidyl-trna were measured by extraction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. the data suggest that s ...	1986	3334156
plasmid-mediated contact haemolytic activity in shigella species: correlation with penetration into hela cells.	the main feature of virulent strains of shigella is their ability to invade eucaryotic cells. this phenotype is both plasmid-mediated and temperature-regulated. in the present report, we demonstrate a plasmid-mediated and temperature-regulated haemolytic activity in s. flexneri, s. dysenteriae and s. sonnei. detection of this haemolytic activity requires centrifugation of suspensions containing bacteria and erythrocytes, followed by incubation of the pellets at 37 degrees c. no soluble intra- or ...	1986	3322171
synthetic peptides of shiga toxin b-subunit induce antibodies which neutralize the biological activities of the toxin.		1986	3322336
dog inactive renin: biochemical characterization and secretion into renal plasma and lymph.	it has been suggested that the dog is a useful model for studies of inactive renin (ir). however, the nature and origin of the trypsin-activated angiotensin-forming activity in dog plasma have not been fully defined. we characterized dog ir using renin-specific antibody, immunoaffinity, and affigel blue chromatography. activated ir resembles renal and plasma active renin in biochemical and immunological properties. ir was detected in renal lymph, arterial and venous plasma, as well as renal extr ...	1986	3510560
shigellaemia in adults: case reports and literature review.		1986	3510864
rectal histology in acute bacillary dysentery.	a recent epidemic of acute shigella dysentery in west bengal (india) provided us with an opportunity to examine the rectal mucosal abnormalities seen in this condition. one hundred two patients were investigated using sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy, and rectal swab for culture. pure culture of shigella was obtained in 37 cases, and the rectal biopsy specimens from these patients were assessed in detail. the mean (+/- sd) duration of illness was 47.8 +/- 27.4 h (range 8-120 h), and most patients (3 ...	1986	3510937
colonic perforation in shigella dysenteriae 1 infection.		1986	3511451
ultrastructural pathology of the rectal mucosa in shigella dysentery.	colonocyte damage in the rectal mucosa in shigellosis is the result of bacterial invasion and leads to ulceration. additional factors in colonocyte damage may be the shigella cytotoxin and, especially in colonic crypt cells, bacterial endotoxin. a vascular lesion was present in the lamina propria of the rectal mucosa, which resembled endothelial damage secondary to bacterial endotoxins. in patients with longer duration of symptoms, relative vascular insufficiency, activated lymphocytes, eosinoph ...	1986	3515957
[development of the classification of bacteria in the genus shigella].		1986	3518304
prevention of traveler's diarrhea by the tablet form of bismuth subsalicylate.	in a randomized double-blind study, swiss adults traveling to tropical countries for 12 to 28 days took a solid formulation of bismuth subsalicylate (1.05 or 2.1 g/day on a twice-daily regimen) or placebo. efficacy was evaluated in 231 volunteers. diarrheal incidence was reduced by 41% in persons taking the high dose (p = 0.007) and by 35% in those taking the low dose (p = 0.03) with excellent compliance. no serious adverse reactions occurred, but objectionable taste, constipation, and nausea we ...	1986	3518624
comparative efficacies of single intravenous doses of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for shigellosis in a placebo-controlled trial.	to evaluate ceftriaxone for the treatment of shigellosis, 94 adult males with acute dysentery were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone (1 g), ampicillin (4 g), or saline placebo intravenously in single doses in a double-blind design. stool cultures were positive for shigella dysenteriae in 52 patients, s. flexneri in 38 patients, and other species in 4 patients. both ceftriaxone and ampicillin caused reductions in the mean duration of fever and the means of daily stool frequency 2 to 4 days ...	1986	3518625
immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin b in rat kidney. ii. electron microscopic study using the protein a-gold technique.	thin sections of lowicryl k4m-embedded materials were labeled with protein a-gold complex. gold particles representing the antigen sites for cathepsin b were exclusively confined to lysosomes of each segment of the nephron. the heaviest labeling was noted in the lysosomes of the s1 segment of the proximal tubules. labeling intensity varied considerably with the individual lysosomes. lysosomes of the other tubular segments, such as the s2 and s3 segments of the proximal tubules, distal convoluted ...	1986	3519753
the relation between production of cytotoxin and clinical features in shigellosis.	the relation between in vitro production of hela cell cytotoxin by strains of shigella and clinical symptomatology was determined for 35 travelers from the united states who developed shigellosis in guadalajara, mexico. there were 25 patients with shigella sonnei, eight with shigella flexneri, one with shigella boydii, and one with shigella dysenteriae. these strains were evaluated for in vitro production of cytotoxin. the amount of cytotoxin did not correlate with the number of stools passed, t ...	1986	3519788
pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. xi. isolation of a shigella toxin-binding glycolipid from rabbit jejunum and hela cells and its identification as globotriaosylceramide.	a glycolipid that specifically binds shigella toxin was isolated from both hela cells and rabbit jejunal mucosa and identified as globotriaosylceramide (gb3) by its identical mobility on hptlc to authentic erythrocyte gb3. toxin also bound to a band tentatively identified as alpha-hydroxylated gb3. in addition, toxin bound to p1 antigen present in group b human erythrocyte glycolipid extracts. the common feature of the three binding glycolipids is a terminal gal alpha 1----4gal disaccharide link ...	1986	3519828
two toxin-converting phages from escherichia coli o157:h7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities.	escherichia coli o157:h7 strain 933 contains two distinct toxin-converting phages (933j and 933w). the biologic activities and antigenic relationship between the toxins produced by 933j and 933w lysogens of e. coli k-12, as well as the homology of the genes that encode the two toxins, were examined in this study. the 933j and 933w toxins, like shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1, were cytotoxic for the same cell lines, caused paralysis and death in mice, and caused fluid accumula ...	1986	3522426
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shigella toxin.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of shigella toxin. for the assay, a mouse monoclonal antibody against the b subunit of the toxin and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the holotoxin were employed. the monoclonal antibody was used to coat wells of a microtiter plate, and the polyclonal antibody preparation was used as the detecting antibody. the amount of bound polyclonal antibody was determined by using a goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin g-alkaline p ...	1986	3522627
comparison of norfloxacin and nalidixic acid for treatment of dysentery caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 in adults.	a severe epidemic of dysentery began late in 1979 in northeast zaire and spread to rwanda, burundi, and tanzania. the epidemic strain is a multiply resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1, which acquired resistance against trimethoprim and more recently against nalidixic acid in the course of the epidemic. a comparative open trial in rwandan adults with shiga dysentery involved 18 patients treated with norfloxacin at 400 mg twice daily and 12 patients treated with nalidixic acid at 1 g three times ...	1986	3524434
specific detection of plasmodium falciparum malaria by a molecularly cloned dna probe.	a highly repeated dna sequence from plasmodium falciparum was cloned and used as a probe in molecular hybridization to detect malaria. our results indicate that the probe is specific to p. falciparum but not to other species of plasmodium and is extremely sensitive. as little as a 20 pg parasite dna, which is equivalent to about 1000 parasites can be detected. the cloned dna can be used as a diagnostic tool to follow the course of infection of falciparum malaria.	1986	3527161
bacterial toxins and diarrhoea.	bacteria and their toxins are responsible for an enormous burden of diarrhoeal disease. knowledge about the toxins and their mechanisms of action is limited. thus, although considerable information is available about the mechanism of action of cholera toxin and a small number of heat-stable enterotoxins, information on the role and action of many others is incomplete. the demonstration of a toxic effect in a test system does not necessarily imply that that activity is relevant to the pathogenesi ...	1986	3527494
multiply drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 and travelers' diarrhea.		1986	3528325
regulation of adenovirus mrna formation.		1986	3529876
fetal epithelial binding of 1,2-dibromoethane in mice.	whole-body autoradiography and computer-assisted image analysis were used to study the tissue binding of the volatile carcinogenic pesticide 1,2-dibromo[14c]ethane (dbe) in c57bl mouse fetuses. autoradiograms obtained from pregnant mice in late gestation (day 16-17), showed a high level of non-volatile metabolites in the epithelia of the fetal upper alimentary tract and respiratory tract. as determined by image analysis, the concentration of non-extractable (presumably covalently bound) metaboli ...	1986	3530523
comparison of dna probes and the sereny test for identification of invasive shigella and escherichia coli strains.	forty-two shigella and 29 escherichia coli strains were screened for invasiveness in the sereny test and for hybridization with two recently described dna probes for the invasiveness plasmid. both probes produced identical results. all sereny-positive strains hybridized with both dna probes. three sereny-negative strains also hybridized with the probes, suggesting that there are strains containing the invasiveness plasmid that are not pathogenic in animal models.	1986	3531233
an epidemic of bacillary dysentery in western rwanda 1981-1982.	the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of a major shigella dysenteriae epidemic resistant to all available drugs that occurred in western rwanda in 1981-82 are analyzed. about 5% of the population was affected. in total, there were 11,801 cases of dysentery, with an average of 833 cases/month. the course of the epidemic was independent from seasonal variations. in children under 5 years of age, the majority (61%) of dysentery cases involved males; at all other ages, however, there was a femal ...	1986	3533269
[prevalence and care of patients with proteus mirabilis enteritis].		1986	3533289
[prevalence and care of patients with proteus mirabilis enteritis].		1986	3533289
septic pylephlebitis following shigella bacteremia: case report.		1986	3535150
morphologic evaluation of the effects of shiga toxin and e coli shiga-like toxin on the rabbit intestine.	the effects of a shiga toxin derived from shigella dysenteriae type 1, strain 60r, and a shiga-like toxin from the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, strain 933, were studied in the in vivo rabbit ileal loop model. the effects of both toxins were similar and resulted in severe villus blunting by 18-24 hours after exposure. with both toxins, a dose effect was noted; and the lesions, first detected at 2 hours after inoculation, became more severe over time. both toxins appeared to act dir ...	1986	3535529
shigella dysenteriae type 1 enterocolitis.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 is much more virulent than shigella flexneri and sonnei which are endemic in australia. this report describes a 22 year old woman who acquired shigella dysenteriae type 1 whilst travelling in india. during the course of her illness, she developed severe enterocolitis for which a subtotal colectomy was performed. the illness resembled fulminant ulcerative colitis and its infectious nature was difficult to establish because several fecal cultures failed to grow the path ...	1986	3535768
production of shiga toxin and other cytotoxins by serogroups of shigella.	we measured the cytotoxic activity of 119 strains of shigella by using a quantitative [3h]thymidine-labeled hela cell assay. we assayed 13 strains of shigella dysenteriae 1; 18 strains of s. dysenteriae types 2 and 3; and 88 strains of shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, and shigella boydii. strains of s. dysenteriae 1 demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity (geometric mean, 10(5.04) cd50/mg of protein; range, 10(3.95)-10(6.10). cytotoxic activities of the non-type 1 strains of s. dysenteriae a ...	1986	3537154
antibodies to rat liver cathepsins: characterization and use for the identification of enzyme precursors.		1986	3579871
transglutaminase and neuronal differentiation.	during mouse brain maturation cellular transglutaminase specific activity increases 2.5 fold from day 3 to adulthood. a more pronounced increase is seen during morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells, where serum withdrawal induces neurite outgrowth concomitant with a 10 fold increase in transglutaminase specific activity. in contrast, non-dividing neuroblastoma cells lacking neurites show only a 1.5 fold increase in enzyme specific activity. transglutaminase activity does not ...	1986	2870428
transglutaminase and neuronal differentiation.	during mouse brain maturation cellular transglutaminase specific activity increases 2.5 fold from day 3 to adulthood. a more pronounced increase is seen during morphological differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells, where serum withdrawal induces neurite outgrowth concomitant with a 10 fold increase in transglutaminase specific activity. in contrast, non-dividing neuroblastoma cells lacking neurites show only a 1.5 fold increase in enzyme specific activity. transglutaminase activity does not ...	1986	2870428
integrating treatments in schizophrenia.	schizophrenia is a common and severe illness found throughout the world. onset is usually in adolescence and young adulthood, and many individuals have illness-related impairments for life. schizophrenia assaults the very essence of what is distinctly human. the personality is devastated, subjective experience and thought distorted, and the psychological building blocks of everyday life torn asunder. this article discusses diagnostic and conceptual considerations, pharmacotherapy, and interperso ...	1986	2870478
platelet aggregation caused by carybdea rastonii toxins (crtx-i, ii and iii) obtained from a jellyfish, carybdea rastonii.	the pharmacological mechanisms of platelet aggregation induced by highly toxic proteins (crtx-i, crtx-ii, and crtx-iii) obtained from tentacles of a jellyfish, carybdea rastonii, were investigated. when the partially purified toxin (pcrtx) and crtxs were added to the citrated platelet-rich plasma (prp), aggregation was produced in a concentration-dependent manner. the activity of crtxs was approximately 100 times more potent than pcrtx. the crtxs-induced aggregation was little affected by indome ...	1986	2870502
blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ...	1986	2870860
blood-finding strategy of a capillary-feeding sandfly, lutzomyia longipalpis.	salivary gland homogenates of adult female lutzomyia longipalpis inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp and collagen. apyrase (atp diphosphohydrolase) activity was prominent, requiring ca2+ but not mg2+ and a ph optimum of 8.0. human as well as rabbit hosts developed a well delimited erythema, evident 2-3 min after initial probing and lasting for as long as 2 days. erythema, not accompanied by itching or swelling, developed in previously exposed hosts as well as in those not previously ex ...	1986	2870860
pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and its metabolite ht-2 toxin, after intravenous administration in dogs.	the pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin were investigated comparatively in five dogs, after iv administration of the toxins (0.4 mg/kg). t-2 toxin was very rapidly and almost completely biotransformed to ht-2 toxin (fm = 83.6 +/- 3.9%). the following mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in this study for t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin, respectively: half-life 5.3 +/- 2.1 and 19.6 +/- 4.7 min, clearance 0.107 +/- 0.056 and 0.167 +/- 0.074 liters/min/kg, and volume of distribution 0. ...	1986	2870902
pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and its metabolite ht-2 toxin, after intravenous administration in dogs.	the pharmacokinetics of t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin were investigated comparatively in five dogs, after iv administration of the toxins (0.4 mg/kg). t-2 toxin was very rapidly and almost completely biotransformed to ht-2 toxin (fm = 83.6 +/- 3.9%). the following mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in this study for t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin, respectively: half-life 5.3 +/- 2.1 and 19.6 +/- 4.7 min, clearance 0.107 +/- 0.056 and 0.167 +/- 0.074 liters/min/kg, and volume of distribution 0. ...	1986	2870902
anxiolytic effects of progesterone are sexually dimorphic.	we evaluated the effects of progesterone administration to estrogen-primed rats on licking behavior during a lick suppression test. this test assesses the behavior of water-deprived rats to lick a drinking tube for water reinforcement that is paired to electric shock. chlordiazepoxide (a commonly used tranquilizer) is very effective in increasing licking during this test. normal females and neonatally castrated males displayed an increase in shock-punished responses in tests conducted after horm ...	1986	2871472
chronic treatment with iprindole reduces immobility of rats in the behavioural 'despair' test by activating dopaminergic mechanisms in the brain.	iprindole, 10 mg kg-1 i.p., once daily for 21 days, enhanced the metabolism of dopamine in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats with no effect in the nucleus accumbens 1 h after the last injection. noradrenaline metabolism in the brainstem and telencephalon was also increased in these conditions. no effect on dopamine or noradrenaline metabolism was seen 24 h after the last injection. the same repeated treatment schedule with iprindole markedly reduced the immobility of rats in the behavioura ...	1986	2872301
5-(2-cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (cheb): correlation of hypnotic and convulsant properties with alterations of synaptosomal 45ca2+ influx.	male icr mice (20-35 g) were given either 5-(2-cyclohexylideneethyl)-5-ethyl barbituric acid (cheb) alone (10-15 mg/kg i.p.) or cheb (25-75 mg/kg i.p.) after a 1 h pretreatment with phenobarbital (75 mg/kg i.p.). cheb alone (10 mg/kg) produced excitatory behavior but not convulsive seizures. higher doses (11-15 mg/kg) produced convulsive seizures resulting in death. pretreatment with phenobarbital prevented seizure activity. following phenobarbital pretreatment, cheb in doses of 50 and 75, but n ...	1986	2875881
stimulant action of ethanol on posttetanic potentiation of hindlimb monosynaptic reflexes.		1986	2876435
non-haemagglutinating fimbriae of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec).	two hundred and thirteen escherichia coli strains originating in 12 countries were included in the study. of these, 157 were classical enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) serotypes, 54 belonged to o138, o139 and o141 serogroups i.e. porcine edema disease strains and two strains were of serogroup o157 associated with haemorrhagic colitis. surface hydrophobicity was determined by the salt aggregation test (sat). haemagglutination was assayed against erythrocytes of six animal species with strains grow ...	1986	2876564
an n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist reduces bicuculline-induced depolarization shifts in neocortical explant cultures.	we investigated the actions of a specific n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (2-apv), on bicuculline-induced epileptogenesis in organotypic explant cultures from neonatal rat neocortex. explants were maintained in roller tubes for 3-5 weeks. the late, plateau phase of the intracellularly recorded paroxysmal depolarization shift was sensitive to both intracellularly injected hyperpolarizing currents and 2-apv, suggesting that this component is generated by a v ...	1986	2877418
growth factors, angiogenesis and metastasis.		1986	2424027
immunofluorescence detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal smears.	an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) procedure was developed for the detection of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in human, nonhuman primate, and bovine fecal smears. the procedure, which takes about 90 min to perform, involves the use of a rabbit antiserum against cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from dairy cattle. cross-specificity testing of the ifa method revealed no reactivity with yeasts, various amoebae, giardia lamblia, chilomastix sp., or blastocystis sp. and only very weak cross-reactivi ...	1986	2429982
sporidesmin and gliotoxin induce cell detachment and perturb microfilament structure in cultured liver cells.	changes in cell morphology and cell adhesion occurred when cultured cells from the rat liver cell strain c3 were exposed to the fungal toxins, sporidesmin or gliotoxin. both toxins caused loss of attachment of the cells to the plastic of tissue culture plates and this effect was preceded by loss of actin cables. other changes included cytoplasmic vacuolation and blocked entry into s-phase of the cell cycle. under these conditions [3h]thymidine incorporation into the cells was also diminished but ...	1986	2432076
repression of adenovirus early gene expression by coinfection with a temperature-sensitive mutant in the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus.	wild-type adenovirus was coinfected with a mutant temperature sensitive for the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. at the nonpermissive temperature, this mutant, tsg, strongly inhibited the transcription of all adenovirus early genes, including e1a. this inhibition was not observed with wild-type pseudorabies virus coinfection or with tsg coinfection at the permissive temperature. the level of repression was dependent upon the ratio of tsg to adenovirus in the infection. the results sug ...	1986	3001339
dose-related effects of synthetic human beta-endorphin and naloxone on fed gastrointestinal motility.	in humans, plasma beta-endorphin levels rise during application of acute stressful stimuli (vertigo, cold pain, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation) that induce gut motor disturbances. whereas it is possible that circulating beta-endorphin participates in the mediation of these central effects on gut motility, its role cannot be established solely on the basis of changes in plasma levels. therefore, we designed the present study to investigate 1) the dose-related effects of intravenous syn ...	1986	2942039
total iridectomy does not alter outflow facility responses to cyclic amp in cynomolgus monkeys.	total outflow facility was measured by two-level constant pressure anterior chamber perfusion in surgically untouched and totally iridectomized cynomolgus monkey eyes receiving bolus intracameral infusions of cyclic amp, dibutyryl cyclic amp, or 5'amp. cyclic amp doses of 50 and 100 micrograms (corresponding to initial intracameral concentrations of 1.5- and 3 mm) increased facility by approximately 20 and 40% respectively in both surgically untouched and aniridic eyes. higher doses produced no ...	1986	3023122
relative activities of 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in atrial and ventricular myocardium--the enzyme paradox.	the 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase activities were determined for tissue extracts of up to 10 defined regions of the normal dog heart. the specific activity of 5'-nucleotidase was very significantly higher in atrial than in ventricular myocardium (4 x) and was also higher in right than in left sites of the heart (2 x). the reason for the markedly higher specific activity in atrial muscle is not clear and appears paradoxical relative to adenine nucleotide content and pattern of atp decay ...	1986	3025011
diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities in rabbit aorta and coronary microvessels.	diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities were measured in particulate and soluble fractions from rabbit aorta (intima-media) and coronary microvessels. with rabbit aorta, the hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol had a ph optimum of 5-6 and was greater than hydrolysis at the sn-2 position (ph optimum of 6.5). only the 2-monoacylglycerol accumulated during incubations at ph 5 and 6.5. these results are consistent with an ordered two-step reaction sequence where th ...	1986	3026422
diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities in rabbit aorta and coronary microvessels.	diacylglycerol lipase and kinase activities were measured in particulate and soluble fractions from rabbit aorta (intima-media) and coronary microvessels. with rabbit aorta, the hydrolysis at the sn-1 position of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol had a ph optimum of 5-6 and was greater than hydrolysis at the sn-2 position (ph optimum of 6.5). only the 2-monoacylglycerol accumulated during incubations at ph 5 and 6.5. these results are consistent with an ordered two-step reaction sequence where th ...	1986	3026422
distribution of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in partially carboxylated human prothrombins.	the role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in prothrombin has been examined using partially carboxylated variant prothrombins isolated from a person with a hereditary defect in vitamin k-dependent carboxylation. these species differ in gamma-carboxyglutamic acid content, distribution, and function, as monitored by metal binding properties, conformational transitions, phospholipid binding, and calcium-dependent coagulant activity (borowski, m., furie, b. c., goldsmith, g. h., and furie, b. (1985) j. ...	1986	3944102
distribution of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in partially carboxylated human prothrombins.	the role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in prothrombin has been examined using partially carboxylated variant prothrombins isolated from a person with a hereditary defect in vitamin k-dependent carboxylation. these species differ in gamma-carboxyglutamic acid content, distribution, and function, as monitored by metal binding properties, conformational transitions, phospholipid binding, and calcium-dependent coagulant activity (borowski, m., furie, b. c., goldsmith, g. h., and furie, b. (1985) j. ...	1986	3944102
comparison of particle-associated progesterone and oxytocin in the ovine corpus luteum.	the subcellular distribution of progesterone and oxytocin within the ovine corpus luteum was investigated using differential and density gradient centrifugation. progesterone and oxytocin were associated with particles which sedimented to a density of 1.049-1.054 g/ml and 1.054-1.061 g/ml respectively. particle-associated progesterone did not, however, display physical or biochemical characteristics consistent with its storage within secretory granules. when particle-associated progesterone was ...	1986	3944530
outbreak of post-measles gastroenteritis due to shigella dysenteriae type-i in karsog tehsil, district mandi (h.p).		1986	3543110
[a preliminary study on the usefulness of the plasmid profile analysis for the epidemiological investigation of shigellosis].		1986	3545491
immune responses to h-2kd antigen expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus.	a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv-h2kd-6) containing the coding sequence for the murine major histocompatibility complex class i antigen h-2kd has been constructed and used to express h-2kd on the surface of infected cells. vaccinia expressed h-2kd has been shown to generate an h-2kd-specific primary cytotoxic t-cell response in mice infected with the recombinant virus and to stimulate an h-2kd-specific cytotoxic t-cell response in vitro. cells infected with the recombinant virus acted as targets ...	1986	3489941
a case of human b cell leukemia that implicates an autocrine mechanism in the abnormal growth of leu 1 b cells.	production of b cell growth factor (bcgf) from b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) cells was demonstrated. freshly isolated monoclonal b-cll cells expressed surface mu, delta, b1, and leu 1, but not ba (an antigen expressed only on activated b cells). upon stimulation with anti-igm, they secreted bcgf, which could act on anti-igm-stimulated autologous leukemic cells as well as anti-igm-stimulated normal b cells. cell lines established from these leukemic cells also constitutively secreted bcg ...	1986	3490495
osteogenic sarcoma and soft tissue myxoma in a patient with fibrous dysplasia and hemoglobins jbaltimore and s.	a 41-year-old man with recognized polyostotic fibrous dysplasia since late childhood developed fibroblastic osteogenic sarcoma in the left tibia. four months after the initial diagnosis, an intramuscular myxoma was discovered in the left thigh. twenty years previously he had been found to be heterozygous for hemoglobins jbaltimore and s. malignant transformation in fibrous dysplasia is unusual and may be associated in some individuals with prior irradiation. soft tissue myxomas associated with f ...	1986	3456858
[bacteriological study of shigellosis in the lake kivu area (central africa). developments in the last 15 years (1968-1983)].	1913 shigella strains were isolated from 1968 to 1983 in lake kivu area (central africa). distribution and evolution of serotypes, biotypes and antibiotypes were studied. the majority of serotypes and biotypes were stable. however, few of these strains showed variations, among them shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, causing epidemic dysenteriae since 1981. epidemiologic survey of shigellosis in kivu seems to be rather underdeveloped (4 bacteriology laboratories for an area of 10 million inhabitant ...	1986	3542256
[cytogenetic activity of metabolites of pesticides representing different classes of chemical compounds].	the cytogenetic activity of some substances formed in agricultural plants during metabolism of pesticides of four classes of chemical compounds was studied in the culture of human peripheric blood lymphocytes. metabolites were shown either to have mutagenic properties similar to those of the initial compounds (ziramtetramethylthiourea, both being mutagens; captan-phthalimide, both possessing no cytogenetic activity) or to be considerably transformed in comparison with them as a result of deactiv ...	1986	3705167
somatotopic organization of motoneurons innervating the pronators, carpal and digital flexors and forepaw muscles in the dog: a retrograde horseradish peroxidase study.	central distribution of motor neurons innervating the individual forearm and forepaw muscle through the median and ulnar nerves was studied in the dog using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (hrp) method. all hrp-labeled cells were seen ipsilaterally in restricted parts within the dorsolateral (dl) and retrodorsolateral nucleus (rdl) of the ventral horn at levels from the cranial tip of c7 to the cranial third of t2. the results showed that motoneurons situated more cranially supply the more ...	1986	3708348
increased collateralization of the cerebellothalamic pathway following neonatal hemicerebellectomy.	the postlesional reorganization of the cerebellothalamic cells was here studied using a multiple retrograde tracing technique. to this purpose, the cerebellothalamic cell population was investigated in 3 groups of adult rats: (a) cases hemicerebellectomized at birth; (b) cases hemicerebellectomized in adulthood; and (c) control unlesioned ones. in all of the groups the fluorescent tracers diamidino yellow and fast blue were injected bilaterally in the thalamus and the retrograde labeling obtaine ...	1986	3708349
triethyltin-induced neuronal damage in neonatally exposed rats.	neuropathological and biochemical effects of neonatal exposure to the alkyl metal triethyltin were examined in juvenile male long evans rats. rats were injected intraperitoneally on postnatal day 5 with 6 mg/kg of triethyltin bromide and sampled on day 20. the brains of tin-treated animals weighed significantly less than either saline or starved controls and exhibited a marked caviation of the ventrolateral surfaces. histologically, neuronal necrosis was noted in the entorhinal and transitional ...	1986	3714127
morphogenesis of sclerotome and neural crest in avian embryos. in vivo and in vitro studies on the role of notochordal extracellular material.	the distribution of sclerotome and neural crest cells of avian embryos was studied by light and electron microscopy. sclerotome cells radiated from the somites towards the notochord, to occupy the perichordal space. neural crest cells, at least initially, also entered cell-free spaces. at the cranial somitic levels they moved chiefly dorsal to the somites, favouring the rostral part of each somite. these cells did not approach the perichordal space. more caudally (i.e. trunk levels), neural cres ...	1986	3719666
[prevention of ischemic and re-oxygenation arrhythmias and heart fibrillation using the antioxidant ionol].	the effect of a synthetic antioxidant, ionol (2,4-ditrebutyl-4-methylphenol) on cardiac arrhythmias induced by 10-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion (rp) was investigated. the study was performed on male wistar rats, 250-300 g body weight. the animals were ventilated with room air under urethan anesthesia. rp induced more severe ventricular arrhythmias than ischemia (is). during rp ventricular fibrillation developed in 12 and during is in 2 out of 2 ...	1986	3730544
[prevention of ischemic and re-oxygenation arrhythmias and heart fibrillation using the antioxidant ionol].	the effect of a synthetic antioxidant, ionol (2,4-ditrebutyl-4-methylphenol) on cardiac arrhythmias induced by 10-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion (rp) was investigated. the study was performed on male wistar rats, 250-300 g body weight. the animals were ventilated with room air under urethan anesthesia. rp induced more severe ventricular arrhythmias than ischemia (is). during rp ventricular fibrillation developed in 12 and during is in 2 out of 2 ...	1986	3730544
structure and x-ray amino acid sequence of a bacteriochlorophyll a protein from prosthecochloris aestuarii refined at 1.9 a resolution.	the structure of the water-soluble bacteriochlorophyll a protein (bchl protein) from the green photosynthetic bacterium prosthecochloris aestuarii has been refined at 1.9 a resolution to a crystallographic residual of 18.9%. the refinement was carried out without knowledge of the amino acid sequence and has led to an "x-ray sequence". the structure consists of seven bchl molecules enclosed within a protein "bag" and the refinement supports the general conformation of the molecule described previ ...	1986	3735428
synaptic and golgi membrane recycling in cochlear hair cells.	membrane recycling in the mechanoreceptive sensory cells of the mammalian cochlea was studied by observing membrane-bound horseradish peroxidase (hrp) reaction product following brief in vivo exposure to the enzyme. in the inner hair cell (ihc), peroxidase was taken up into coated vesicles and became incorporated into synaptic vesicles surrounding presynaptic bodies, but much hrp was also transported to the apical zone where reaction product appeared in all components of the golgi complex. neith ...	1986	3746347
[radiation biology risk of imaging procedures].	the environmental radiation burden of man in germany is about 1 mgy (milligray) per year. this is, of course, also valid for children. due to diagnostical procedures this burden is increased to about 1.3 mgy. the question arises wether this can be neglected, or important consequences have to be drawn. to give a clear answer, the action of ionizing radiation in living cells and in organisms is explained in detail. many of the radiation actions at the dna can soon be repaired by the cell, if the r ...	1986	3748028
[systemic mechanisms of development and compensation of acute hypoxemia in experimental methemoglobinemia in dogs].		1986	3748626
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 treatment results in increased choline acetyltransferase activity in specific brain nuclei.	to better understand the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3] in brain function, the level of calcium-binding protein (cabp) and the activities of choline acetyltransferase (cat) and monoamine oxidase were measured in discrete brain nuclei of vitamin d-deficient and -replete male rats. the nuclei sampled were those in which receptors for 1,25-(oh)2d3 and/or vitamin d-dependent cabp have been localized. significant elevations in cat activity were found in the arcuatemedian eminence and ...	1986	3753932
effect of shigella toxin on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro.	preimplantation mouse embryos at the 4-cell to 8-cell stage were exposed to shigella dysenteriae toxin at concentrations of 0.001-100 pg/ml in vitro. the effect of the toxin was studied by morphological observation of the embryos to the blastocyst stage, by assessing protein synthesis with 14c-leucine incorporation, and by measuring embryonic adenosine triphosphate (atp) content. preimplantation mouse embryos were highly sensitive to the toxin. all variables investigated were adversely influence ...	1986	3755556
prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in southern louisiana swine.	sera from 1,219 pigs slaughtered in acadian louisiana in 1980 and 1981 were tested using the indirect hemagglutination test and microtiter system for toxoplasma antibodies and 19.2% had titers of 1:64 or higher. pigs slaughtered in the colder months, november to march, had significantly higher seroprevalences than pigs slaughtered in the warmer months. 24.6% of 236 farm bled sows and gilts had similarly high titers.	1986	3759353
psychoanalysis and time.	psychoanalysis is fundamentally related to time because it is an effort to understand how disturbances in the present are determined by events in the past. technically, we know that the patient who is reporting immediate perceptions is not aware of the passage of time, but he becomes self-conscious as undesirable elements threaten to appear in his associations. time is not sensed by direct awareness, nor is it an agent of action or events. various functions of the ego influence how time is exper ...	1986	3760442
genetic variations in blood proteins within and between spanish dairy sheep breeds.	eleven flocks of three spanish sheep breeds have been studied: four churra, four lacha and three manchega. genetic variations between flocks of the same and different breeds have been analysed, using eight genetic blood systems and a wide range of statistical methods. the results show that the churra, lacha and manchega breeds present significant differences between each other. significant intraracial variations have been observed in churras and lachas, although they were almost non-existent in ...	1986	3767081
effects of subchronic pyridostigmine pretreatment on the toxicity of soman.	the effect of subchronic pyridostigmine pretreatment on the toxicity of soman, in the absence of supporting therapy (atropine, oxime, and (or) anticonvulsant), as well as its effect on muscarinic cholinoceptor binding characteristics was assessed in the rat. pretreatment with pyridostigmine by means of an implanted alzet osmotic minipump for a 5-day total exposure dose of 12 mg/kg inhibited whole blood acetylcholinesterase activity by 73%. this pyridostigmine pretreatment lowered the soman ld50 ...	1986	3768795
[establishment of a spontaneously transformed human fetal lung cell line and its biological characteristics].	a spontaneously transformed human fetal lung cell line (hflt) was derived from a human fetal lung diploid fibroblast cell line (2bs) by continuous culture. the biological characteristics of this cell line were studied and compared with those of 2bs cells. accompanying the morphological alteration, the growth rate of the transformed cell was accelerated and the maximum cell density was increased. the anchorage-independent growth was shown by its ability to form colonies in soft agar. the collagen ...	1986	3769747
in vivo stability of in vitro labelled 99tcm-red blood cells for radionuclide determination of left ventricular ejection fractions and volumes.	serial determination of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes require a label that remains highly stable after introduction into the human circulation. we have evaluated the in vivo stability of 99tcm-red blood cells (99tcm-rbc) labelled in vitro by preparation with small amounts of a stannous agent in 19 patients with coronary artery disease. the distribution volume of 99tcm-rbc was virtually identical to that of rbc labelled with 51cr. labelling efficiency expressed as th ...	1986	3774253