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how nature can exploit nonspecific catalytic and carbohydrate binding modules to create enzymatic specificity.noncatalytic carbohydrate binding modules (cbms) are components of glycoside hydrolases that attack generally inaccessible substrates. cbms mediate a two- to fivefold elevation in the activity of endo-acting enzymes, likely through increasing the concentration of the appended enzymes in the vicinity of the substrate. the function of cbms appended to exo-acting glycoside hydrolases is unclear because their typical endo-binding mode would not fulfill a targeting role. here we show that the bacillu ...201223213210
rosmarinic acid from eelgrass shows nematicidal and antibacterial activities against pine wood nematode and its carrying bacteria.pine wilt disease (pwd), a destructive disease for pine trees, is caused by the pine wood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus and additional bacteria. in this study, extracts of zostera marina showed a high nematicidal activity against pwn and some of the bacteria that it carries. light yellow crystals were obtained from extracts of z. marina through solvent extraction, followed by chromatography on ab-8 resin and crystallization. the nmr and hplc analysis showed that the isolated compoun ...201223201594
symbiotic control of mosquito borne disease.it is well accepted that the symbiotic relationships insects have established with several microorganisms have had a key role in their evolutionary success. bacterial symbiosis is also prevalent in insects that are efficient disease vectors, and numerous studies have sought to decrypt the basic mechanisms of the host-symbiont relationships and develop ways to control vector borne diseases. 'symbiotic control', a new multifaceted approach that uses symbiotic microorganisms to control insect pests ...201223265608
primer on agar-based microbial imaging mass spectrometry.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) imaging mass spectrometry (ims) applied directly to microbes on agar-based medium captures global information about microbial molecules, allowing for direct correlation of chemotypes to phenotypes. this tool was developed to investigate metabolic exchange factors of intraspecies, interspecies, and polymicrobial interactions. based on our experience of the thousands of images we have generated in the laboratory, we present fiv ...201222821974
sugarcane growth promotion by the endophytic bacterium pantoea agglomerans 33.1.the promotion of sugarcane growth by the endophytic pantoea agglomerans strain 33.1 was studied under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. the green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain p. agglomerans 33.1::pnkgfp was monitored in vitro in sugarcane plants by microscopy, reisolation, and quantitative pcr (qpcr). using qpcr and reisolation 4 and 15 days after inoculation, we observed that gfp-tagged strains reached similar density levels both in the rhizosphere and inside the roots and aeria ...201222865062
determination of indoor air quality in archives and biodeterioration of the documentary heritage.documentary heritage is permanently subject to suffering from physical, chemical, and/or biological alterations. biological deterioration by microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) causes undesirable changes on material properties. microorganisms affect different organic, natural or synthetic substrates (cellulose, polycarbonates), metals, and compounds of optical and magnetic devices (cd, vhs). paper made by vegetal fibers, functional additives (glue, optical polishers, consolidating agents), and i ...201223762758
standoff detection of biological agents using laser induced fluorescence-a comparison of 294 nm and 355 nm excitation wavelengths.standoff detection measuring the fluorescence spectra of seven different biological agents excited by 294 nm as well as 355 nm wavelength laser pulses has been undertaken. the biological warfare agent simulants were released in a semi-closed aerosol chamber at 210 m standoff distance and excited by light at either of the two wavelengths using the same instrument. significant differences in several of the agents' fluorescence response were seen at the two wavelengths. the anthrax simulants' fluor ...201223162732
optimization of l-dopa production by brevundimonas sp. sgj using response surface methodology.l-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine) is an extensively used drug for the treatment of parkinson's disease. in the present study, optimization of nutritional parameters influencing l-dopa production was attempted using the response surface methodology (rsm) from brevundimonas sp. sgj. a plackett-burman design was used for screening of critical components, while further optimization was carried out using the box-behnken design. the optimized levels of factors predicted by the model were ph 5.02, ...201222971079
essential oils of plants as biocides against microorganisms isolated from cuban and argentine documentary heritage.natural products obtained from plants with biocidal activity represent an alternative and useful source in the control of biodeterioration of documentary heritage, without negative environmental and human impacts. in this work, we studied the antimicrobial activity of seven essential oils against microorganisms associated with the biodeterioration of documentary heritage. the essential oils were obtained by steam distillation. the antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the agar diffusion meth ...201223762760
a proposed mechanism for nitrogen acquisition by grass seedlings through oxidation of symbiotic bacteria.in this paper we propose and provide evidence for a mechanism, oxidative nitrogen scavenging (ons), whereby seedlings of some grass species may extract nitrogen from symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria through oxidation by plant-secreted reactive oxygen species (ros). experiments on this proposed mechanism employ tall fescue (festuca arundinaceae) seedlings to elucidate features of the oxidative mechanism. we employed 15n(2) gas assimilation experiments to demonstrate nitrogen fixation, direct micro ...201223087539
biological role of pigment production for the bacterial phytopathogen pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii.pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, the causal agent of stewart's wilt of sweet corn, produces a yellow carotenoid pigment. a nonpigmented mutant was selected from a bank of mutants generated by random transposon mutagenesis. the transposon insertion site was mapped to the crtb gene, encoding a putative phytoene synthase, an enzyme involved in the early steps of carotenoid biosynthesis. we demonstrate here that the carotenoid pigment imparts protection against uv radiation and also contributes t ...201222820327
genome sequence of enterobacter radicincitans dsm16656(t), a plant growth-promoting endophyte.enterobacter radicincitans sp. nov. dsm16656(t) represents a new species of the genus enterobacter which is a biological nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium with growth-promoting effects on a variety of crop and model plant species. the presence of genes for nitrogen fixation, phosphorous mobilization, and phytohormone production reflects this microbe's potential plant growth-promoting activity.201222965092
isolation and characterization of a lycopene ε-cyclase gene of chlorella (chromochloris) zofingiensis. regulation of the carotenogenic pathway by nitrogen and light.the isolation and characterization of the lycopene ε-cyclase gene from the green microalga chlorella (chromochloris) zofingiensis (czlcy-e) was performed. this gene is involved in the formation of the carotenoids α-carotene and lutein. czlcy-e gene encoded a polypeptide of 654 amino acids. a single copy of czlcy-e was found in c. zofingiensis. functional analysis by heterologous complementation in escherichia coli showed the ability of this protein to convert lycopene to δ-carotene. in addition, ...201223118722
comparative study of nasal bacterial carriage in pediatric patients from two different geographical regions.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial carriage in the anterior nares of two different patient cohorts, aged 5-15 years. by use of a sensitive enrichment broth, gram-positive and -negative bacteria were cultured from the two cohorts of each 100 patients at the referral clinic in eritrea and at a german university hospital. in the german cohort, 27% of the patients were positive either for gram-negative (n=5) or -positive bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus (n=8; ...201224688767
idiopathic granulomatous mastitis as a complication of interferon-alpha therapy. 201223050257
fighting malaria with engineered symbiotic bacteria from vector mosquitoes.the most vulnerable stages of plasmodium development occur in the lumen of the mosquito midgut, a compartment shared with symbiotic bacteria. here, we describe a strategy that uses symbiotic bacteria to deliver antimalaria effector molecules to the midgut lumen, thus rendering host mosquitoes refractory to malaria infection. the escherichia coli hemolysin a secretion system was used to promote the secretion of a variety of anti-plasmodium effector proteins by pantoea agglomerans, a common mosqui ...201222802646
the genes and enzymes of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in vitis vinifera l.carotenoids are a heterogeneous group of plant isoprenoids primarily involved in photosynthesis. in plants the cleavage of carotenoids leads to the formation of the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactone, and c13-norisoprenoids involved in the characteristic flavour and aroma compounds in flowers and fruits and are of specific importance in the varietal character of grapes and wine. this work extends the previous reports of carotenoid gene expression and photosynthetic pigment analysis by ...201222702718
recovery efficiencies for burkholderia thailandensis from various aerosol sampling media.burkholderia thailandensis is used in the laboratory as a surrogate of the more virulent b. pseudomallei. since inhalation is believed to be a natural route of infection for b. pseudomallei, many animal studies with b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis utilize the inhalation route of exposure. the aim of the present study was to quantify the recovery efficiency of culturable b. thailandensis from several common aerosol sampling devices to ensure that collected microorganisms could be reliably re ...201222919669
toxins for transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests.the sap sucking insects (hemiptera), which include aphids, whiteflies, plant bugs and stink bugs, have emerged as major agricultural pests. the hemiptera cause direct damage by feeding on crops, and in some cases indirect damage by transmission of plant viruses. current management relies almost exclusively on application of classical chemical insecticides. while the development of transgenic crops expressing toxins derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has provided effective pla ...201222822455
pantoea ananatis as a cause of corneal infiltrate after rice husk injury.we report a case of an agricultural worker presenting with corneal infiltrate following ocular injury with a rice husk. on examination, a superficial corneal foreign body was removed and sent for culture, which grew pantoea ananatis. this is, to our knowledge, the first clinical case report of pantoea ananatis causing corneal infiltrate.201222461671
characterization of the biosynthetic operon for the antibacterial peptide herbicolin in pantoea vagans biocontrol strain c9-1 and incidence in pantoea species.pantoea vagans c9-1 is a biocontrol strain that produces at least two antibiotics inhibiting the growth of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease of pear and apple. one antibiotic, herbicolin i, was purified from culture filtrates of p. vagans c9-1 and determined to be 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine, also known as n(ß)-epoxysuccinamoyl-dap-valine. a plasposon library was screened for mutants that had lost the ability to produce herbicolin i. it was sho ...201222504810
milk sharing and formula feeding: infant feeding risks in comparative perspective?the advent of internet forums that facilitate peer-to-peer human milk sharing has resulted in health authorities stating that sharing human milk is dangerous. there are risks associated with all forms of infant feeding, including breastfeeding and the use of manufactured infant formulas. however, health authorities do not warn against using formula or breastfeeding; they provide guidance on how to manage risk. cultural distaste for sharing human milk, not evidenced-based research, supports these ...201222848324
effect of streptomycin treatment on bacterial community structure in the apple phyllosphere.we studied the effect of many years of streptomycin use in apple orchards on the proportion of phyllosphere bacteria resistant to streptomycin and bacterial community structure. leaf samples were collected during early july through early september from four orchards that had been sprayed with streptomycin during spring of most years for at least 10 years and four orchards that had not been sprayed. the percentage of cultured phyllosphere bacteria resistant to streptomycin at non-sprayed orchards ...201222629357
comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus.genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis has become a recent focus for the alleviation of vitamin a deficiency. however, the genetically modified phenotypes often challenge the expectation, suggesting the incomplete comprehension of carotenogenesis. here, embryogenic calli were engineered from four citrus genotypes as engineered cell models (ecms) by over-expressing a bacterial phytoene synthase gene (crtb). ripe flavedos (the coloured outer layer of citrus fruits), which exhibit diverse ...201222611233
pantoea agglomerans in immunodeficient patients with different respiratory symptoms.the aim of this paper was to determine in 32 patients from 4 different mexican hospitals the frequency of opportunistic bacteria in the 2010 to 2011 time period. the patients were divided in 4 groups. group 1 included 21 hiv positive patients with acute respiratory syndrome. four hiv positive patients with tuberculosis symptoms were included in group 2; two patients with tuberculosis symptoms and one asymptomatic person formed group 3. reference group 4 included 4 patients from whom 4 strains of ...201222619600
consecutive episodes of peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis caused by unusual organisms: brevibacterium and pantoea agglomerans.a 52-year-old man undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presented with two consecutive episodes of peritonitis caused by unusual organisms, namely, brevibacterium and pantoea agglomerans. the patient was successfully treated with a 2-week course of cefazolin and ceftazidime for the brevibacterium-associated peritonitis, and a 3-week course of gentamicin for the p. agglomerans-associated peritonitis. although these environmental organisms are rarely responsible for human infection, ...201226889419
isolation of a new mexican strain of bacillus subtilis with antifungal and antibacterial activities.although several strains of b. subtilis with antifungal activity have been isolated worldwide, to date there are no published reports regarding the isolation of a native b. subtilis strain from strawberry plants in mexico. a native bacterium (bacillus subtilis 21) demonstrated in vitro antagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. under greenhouse conditions, it was shown that plants infected with rhizoctonia solani and fusarium verticillioides and treated with b. subtilis 21 p ...201222593682
brewhouse-resident microbiota are responsible for multi-stage fermentation of american coolship ale.american coolship ale (aca) is a type of spontaneously fermented beer that employs production methods similar to traditional belgian lambic. in spite of its growing popularity in the american craft-brewing sector, the fermentation microbiology of aca has not been previously described, and thus the interface between production methodology and microbial community structure is unexplored. using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (trflp), barcoded amplicon sequencing (bas), quantitati ...201222530036
identification and elimination of bacterial contamination during in vitro propagation of guadua angustifolia kunth.guadua angustifolia kunth is a very important bamboo species with significant utility in pharmaceutical, paper, charcoal, and construction industries. microbial contamination is a major problem encountered during establishment of in vitro cultures of guadua.201222701279
bacterial contamination of clothes and environmental items in a third-level hospital in colombia.objective. this study evaluates the bacterial contamination rate of items in the hospital setting that are in frequent contact with patients and/or physicians. by determining the bacterial species and the associated antibiotic resistance that patients are exposed to. methods. hospital-based cross-sectional surveillance study of potential bacterial reservoirs. cultures from 30 computer keyboards, 32 curtains, 40 cell phones, 35 white coats, and 22 ties were obtained. setting. the study was conduc ...201222536231
two distinct pathways for essential metabolic precursors for isoprenoid biosynthesis.isoprenoids are a diverse group of molecules found in all organisms, where they perform such important biological functions as hormone signaling (e.g., steroids) in mammals, antioxidation (e.g., carotenoids) in plants, electron transport (e.g., ubiquinone), and cell wall biosynthesis intermediates in bacteria. all isoprenoids are synthesized by the consecutive condensation of the five-carbon monomer isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) to its isomer, dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). the biosynthetic ...201222450534
role of universal 16s rrna gene pcr and sequencing in diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.the etiological diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (pji) requires the isolation of microorganisms from periprosthetic samples. microbiological cultures often yield false-positive and false-negative results. 16s rrna gene pcr combined with sequencing (16spcr) has proven useful for diagnosing various infections. we performed a prospective study to compare the utility of this approach with that of culture to diagnose pji using intraoperative periprosthetic samples. we analyzed 176 samples from ...201222170934
complete genome sequence of clinical isolate pantoea ananatis lmg 5342.the enterobacterium pantoea ananatis is an ecologically versatile species. it has been found in the environment, as plant epiphyte and endophyte, as an emerging phytopathogen, and as a presumptive, opportunistic human pathogen. here, we report the complete genome sequence of p. ananatis lmg 5342, isolated from a human wound.201222374951
genome sequence of pantoea agglomerans strain ig1.pantoea agglomerans is a gram-negative bacterium that grows symbiotically with various plants. here we report the 4.8-mb genome sequence of p. agglomerans strain ig1. the lipopolysaccharides derived from p. agglomerans ig1 have been shown to be effective in the prevention of various diseases, such as bacterial or viral infection, lifestyle-related diseases. this genome sequence represents a substantial step toward the elucidation of pathways for production of lipopolysaccharides.201222328756
caspar-like gene depletion reduces leishmania infection in sand fly host lutzomyia longipalpis.female phlebotomine sand flies lutzomyia longipalpis naturally harbor populations of the medically important leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania chagasi) parasite in the gut, but the extent to which the parasite interacts with the immune system of the insect vector is unknown. to investigate the sand fly immune response and its interaction with the leishmania parasite, we identified a homologue for caspar, a negative regulator of immune deficiency signaling pathway. we found that feeding antibi ...201222375009
effect of the citrus lycopene β-cyclase transgene on carotenoid metabolism in transgenic tomato fruits.lycopene β-cyclase (lycb) is the key enzyme for the synthesis of β-carotene, a valuable component of the human diet. in this study, tomato constitutively express lycb-1 was engineered. the β-carotene level of transformant increased 4.1 fold, and the total carotenoid content increased by 30% in the fruits. in the transgenic line, the downstream α-branch metabolic fluxes were repressed during the three developmental stages while α-carotene content increased in the ripe stage. microarray analysis i ...201222384184
pantoea species sepsis associated with sickle cell crisis in a pregnant woman with a history of pica.bacteria in the pantoea genus are plant and soil associated gram-negative rods described as nosocomial pathogens and as rare causes of community-acquired infections. the latter have been classically associated with gardening and plant thorn injuries and immunocompromised states are additional risk factors. we report a patient with pica and geophagia, pantoea sepsis, and sickle cell crisis, associations not previously described.201223569479
rapid identification of bio-molecules applied for detection of biosecurity agents using rolling circle amplification.detection and identification of pathogens in environmental samples for biosecurity applications are challenging due to the strict requirements on specificity, sensitivity and time. we have developed a concept for quick, specific and sensitive pathogen identification in environmental samples. target identification is realized by padlock- and proximity probing, and reacted probes are amplified by rca (rolling-circle amplification). the individual rca products are labeled by fluorescence and enumer ...201222383994
expression and extracellular release of a functional anti-trypanosome nanobody® in sodalis glossinidius, a bacterial symbiont of the tsetse fly.sodalis glossinidius, a gram-negative bacterial endosymbiont of the tsetse fly, has been proposed as a potential in vivo drug delivery vehicle to control trypanosome parasite development in the fly, an approach known as paratransgenesis. despite this interest of s. glossinidius as a paratransgenic platform organism in tsetse flies, few potential effector molecules have been identified so far and to date none of these molecules have been successfully expressed in this bacterium.201222335892
intraorbital wooden foreign body. 201222359688
production and characterization of antifungal compounds produced by lactobacillus plantarum imau10014.lactobacillus plantarum imau10014 was isolated from koumiss that produces a broad spectrum of antifungal compounds, all of which were active against plant pathogenic fungi in an agar plate assay. two major antifungal compounds were extracted from the cell-free supernatant broth of l. plantarum imau10014. 3-phenyllactic acid and benzeneacetic acid, 2-propenyl ester were carried out by hplc, lc-ms, gc-ms, nmr analysis. it is the first report that lactic acid bacteria produce antifungal benzeneacet ...201222276116
assessment of the relevance of the antibiotic 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine from pantoea agglomerans biological control strains against bacterial plant pathogens.the epiphyte pantoea agglomerans 48b/90 (pa48b) is a promising biocontrol strain against economically important bacterial pathogens such as erwinia amylovora. strain pa48b produces the broad-spectrum antibiotic 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine (apv) in a temperature-dependent manner. an apv-negative mutant still suppressed the e. amylovora population and fire blight disease symptoms in apple blossom experiments under greenhouse conditions, but was inferior to the pa48b wild ...201223233458
functional metagenomics of escherichia coli o157:h7 interactions with spinach indigenous microorganisms during biofilm formation.the increase in foodborne outbreaks worldwide attributed to fresh fruit and vegetables suggests that produce may serve as an ecological niche for enteric pathogens. here we examined the interaction of e. coli o157:h7 (eco157) with spinach leaf indigenous microorganisms during co-colonization and establishment of a mixed biofilm on a stainless steel surface. stainless steel surface was selected to mimic the surface of produce-processing equipment, where retention of foodborne pathogens such as ec ...201222957052
bloodstream infections in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with intravenous prostanoids: insights from the reveal registry®.to evaluate the rate of and potential risk factors for bloodstream infections (bsis) using data from the reveal (registry to evaluate early and long-term pulmonary arterial hypertension [pah] disease management) registry(®), which provides current information about patients with pah.201222883740
molecular characterization of an ice nucleation protein variant (inaq) from pseudomonas syringae and the analysis of its transmembrane transport activity in escherichia coli.the ice nucleation protein (inp) of pseudomonas syringae has gained scientific interest not only because of its pathogenicity of foliar necroses but also for its wide range of potential applications, such as in snow making, frozen food preparation, and surface-display system development. however, studies on the transport activity of inp remain lacking. in the present study, a newly identified inp-gene variant, inaq, from a p. syringae mb03 strain was cloned. its structural domains, signal sequen ...201222991498
advances in bacteriophage-mediated control of plant pathogens.there is continuing pressure to maximise food production given a growing global human population. bacterial pathogens that infect important agricultural plants (phytopathogens) can reduce plant growth and the subsequent crop yield. currently, phytopathogens are controlled through management programmes, which can include the application of antibiotics and copper sprays. however, the emergence of resistant bacteria and the desire to reduce usage of toxic products that accumulate in the environment ...201222934116
genetic bioaugmentation as an effective method for in situ bioremediation: functionality of catabolic plasmids following conjugal transfers.genetic bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation method that stimulates horizontal transfer of catabolic plasmids between exogenous donor cells and indigenous bacteria to increase the biodegradation potential of contaminants. a critical outcome of genetic bioaugmentation is the expression of an active catabolic phenotype upon plasmid conjugation. using a pww0-derivative tol plasmid, we showed that certain genetic characteristics of the recipient bacteria, including genomic guanine-cytosine ( ...201222705839
corynebacterium prosthetic joint infection.identification of corynebacterium species may be challenging. corynebacterium species are occasional causes of prosthetic joint infection (pji), but few data are available on the subject. based on the literature, c. amycolatum, c. aurimucosum, c. jeikeium, and c. striatum are the most common corynebacterium species that cause pji. we designed a rapid pcr assay to detect the most common human corynebacterium species, with a specific focus on pji. a polyphosphate kinase gene identified using whole ...201222337986
plastid genetic engineering in solanaceae.plastid genetic engineering has come of age, becoming today an attractive alternative approach for the expression of foreign genes, as it offers several advantages over nuclear transformants. significant progress has been made in plastid genetic engineering in tobacco and other solanaceae plants, through the use of improved regeneration procedures and transformation vectors with efficient promoters and untranslated regions. many genes encoding for industrially important proteins and vaccines, as ...201222395455
performances of the vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry system for rapid identification of bacteria in routine clinical microbiology.rapid and cost-effective matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms)-based systems will replace conventional phenotypic methods for routine identification of bacteria. we report here the first evaluation of the new maldi-tof ms-based vitek ms system in a large clinical microbiology laboratory. this system uses an original spectrum classifier algorithm and a specific database designed for the identification of clinically relevant species. we have te ...201222593596
lipids of prokaryotic origin at the base of marine food webs.in particular niches of the marine environment, such as abyssal trenches, icy waters and hot vents, the base of the food web is composed of bacteria and archaea that have developed strategies to survive and thrive under the most extreme conditions. some of these organisms are considered "extremophiles" and modulate the fatty acid composition of their phospholipids to maintain the adequate fluidity of the cellular membrane under cold/hot temperatures, elevated pressure, high/low salinity and ph. ...201223342392
diversity and antibiograms of bacterial organisms isolated from samples of household drinking-water consumed by hiv-positive individuals in rural settings, south africa.diarrhoea is a hallmark of hiv infections in developing countries, and many diarrhoea-causing agents are often transmitted through water. the objective of the study was to determine the diversity and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacterial organisms isolated from samples of household drinking-water consumed by hiv-infected and aids patients. in the present study, household water stored for use by hiv-positive patients was tested for microbial quality, and isolated bacterial organisms wer ...201223082625
pyrosequencing-based analysis of the microbiome associated with the horn fly, haematobia irritans.the horn fly, haematobia irritans, is one of the most economically important pests of cattle. insecticides have been a major element of horn fly management programs. growing concerns with insecticide resistance, insecticide residues on farm products, and non-availability of new generation insecticides, are serious issues for the livestock industry. alternative horn fly control methods offer the promise to decrease the use of insecticides and reduce the amount of insecticide residues on livestock ...201223028533
microbial symbionts: a resource for the management of insect-related problems.microorganisms establish with their animal hosts close interactions. they are involved in many aspects of the host life, physiology and evolution, including nutrition, reproduction, immune homeostasis, defence and speciation. thus, the manipulation and the exploitation the microbiota could result in important practical applications for the development of strategies for the management of insect-related problems. this approach, defined as 'microbial resource management' (mrm), has been applied suc ...201222103294
investigation of the bacterial communities associated with females of lutzomyia sand fly species from south america.phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of leishmania that are acquired by the female sand fly during blood feeding on an infected mammal. leishmania parasites develop exclusively in the gut lumen during their residence in the insect before transmission to a suitable host during the next blood feed. female phlebotomine sand flies are blood feeding insects but their life style of visiting plants as well as animals, and the propensity for larvae to feed on detritus including animal faeces means that t ...201222880020
evaluation of the bruker biotyper and vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems for identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from cultures from cystic fibrosis patients.the bruker biotyper and vitek ms matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry (ms) instruments were evaluated for the identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nfgnb) by a blinded comparison to conventional biochemical or molecular methods. two hundred nfgnb that were recovered from cultures from cystic fibrosis patients in the university of iowa health care (uihc) microbiology laboratory between 1 january 2006 and 31 october 2010 were sen ...201222495566
reciprocal tripartite interactions between the aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence.dengue virus is one of the most important arboviral pathogens and the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. it is transmitted between humans by the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, and at least 2.5 billion people are at daily risk of infection. during their lifecycle, mosquitoes are exposed to a variety of microbes, some of which are needed for their successful development into adulthood. however, recent studies have suggested that th ...201222413032
in silico evolutionary analysis of helicobacter pylori outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla).in the past decade, researchers have proposed that the plda gene for outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla) is important for bacterial colonization of the human gastric ventricle. several conserved helicobacter pylori genes have distinct genotypes in different parts of the world, biogeographic patterns that can be analyzed through phylogenetic trees. the current study will shed light on the importance of the plda gene in h. pylori. in silico sequence analysis will be used to investigate whether ...201222974200
the outcome of treating esbl infections with carbapenems vs. non carbapenem antimicrobials.in india where the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing organisms among gram negative organisms is 60-70% and ertapenem was unavailable at the beginning of this study, exclusive use of group 2 carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) for treatment raises issues of cost and development of resistance. therefore the role of non-carbapenem alternatives, chiefly betalactam + betalactamase inhibitors (bl-bli) was explored in this prospective observational study at a private tert ...201223405518
seasonal activity of millipedes (diplopoda)--their economic and medical significance.the millipede brachydesmus superus latzel, polydesmus inconstans latzel (diplopoda: polydesmida) and kryphioiulus occultus c. l. koch (diplopoda: julida) were collected from compost in gardens in lublin, eastern poland. collections were made by using pitfall traps between april - september 2009 and 2010. brachydesmus superus, polydesmus inconstans and kryphioiulus occultus play a significant role in composting of plant residues. cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus wood and ommatoiulus sabulosus linnae ...201223311782
plant-isolated pantoea agglomerans--new look into potential pathogenicity.pantoea agglomerans strains have been isolated from the surface of different edible plants which are major ingredients of traditional foods of the black sea region countries. bacterial strains did not possess their pathogenic properties when tested routinely in vitro, but evinced the resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. experiments on murine model (balb/c mice) have demonstrated the ability of p. agglomerans to penetrate into internal organs and provoke the distinct dose-dependent physiolog ...201223293827
three-year review of bacteriological profile and antibiogram of burn wound isolates in van, turkey.the risk of infection in burns is well-known. in recent decades, the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from burn patients has increased. for this reason, a retrospective study was conducted at van training and research hospital to analyze the bacterial isolates from the wounds of patients admitted to the burn unit and to determine the susceptibility patterns of the commonly cultured organisms over a 3-year period, january 2009 to december 2011.a total of 250 microorganisms were isola ...201223289001
three-year review of bacteriological profile and antibiogram of burn wound isolates in van, turkey.the risk of infection in burns is well-known. in recent decades, the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from burn patients has increased. for this reason, a retrospective study was conducted at van training and research hospital to analyze the bacterial isolates from the wounds of patients admitted to the burn unit and to determine the susceptibility patterns of the commonly cultured organisms over a 3-year period, january 2009 to december 2011.a total of 250 microorganisms were isola ...201223289001
considerations for using bacteriophages for plant disease control.the use of bacteriophages as an effective phage therapy strategy faces significant challenges for controlling plant diseases in the phyllosphere. a number of factors must be taken into account when considering phage therapy for bacterial plant pathogens. given that effective mitigation requires high populations of phage be present in close proximity to the pathogen at critical times in the disease cycle, the single biggest impediment that affects the efficacy of bacteriophages is their inability ...201223531902
septic failure is not a septic loosening: a case report of a failed shoulder prosthesis.septic failure of a shoulder arthroplasty due to a low-grade infection is generally called septic loosening. however, it is often not investigated if a prosthesis is genuinely loose. we present a case of a failed resurfacing prosthesis in a 70-year-old woman. this prosthesis failed due to a low-grade infection and a revision procedure was mandatory. all intraoperative cultures were positive and revealed a combination of bacteria. nevertheless, histology revealed a macroscopic and a microscopic s ...201223493778
bactquant: an enhanced broad-coverage bacterial quantitative real-time pcr assay.bacterial load quantification is a critical component of bacterial community analysis, but a culture-independent method capable of detecting and quantifying diverse bacteria is needed. based on our analysis of a diverse collection of 16 s rrna gene sequences, we designed a broad-coverage quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay--bactquant--for quantifying 16 s rrna gene copy number and estimating bacterial load. we further utilized in silico evaluation to complement laboratory-based qpcr characte ...201222510143
comprehensive analysis of secondary dental root canal infections: a combination of culture and culture-independent approaches reveals new insights.persistence of microorganisms or reinfections are the main reasons for failure of root canal therapy. very few studies to date have included culture-independent methods to assess the microbiota, including non-cultivable microorganisms. the aim of this study was to combine culture methods with culture-independent cloning methods to analyze the microbial flora of root-filled teeth with periradicular lesions. twenty-one samples from previously root-filled teeth were collected from patients with per ...201223152922
microbiologic profile of endodontic infections from hiv- and hiv+ patients using multiple-displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization.to compare the microbiota of endodontic infections in necrotic pulp from hiv-negative and hiv-positive subjects.201222335194
first comprehensive evaluation of the m.i.c. evaluator device for aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species compared to etest and clsi broth micro-dilution.the m.i.c.evaluator™ strip (thermo fisher scientific, basingstoke, uk) uses similar methodology to etest. in this first assessment of the m.i.c.evaluator device, 409 strains of aerobic gram-positive bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci) and 325 strains of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas species and acinetobacter species, were tested by m.i.c.evaluator strip, etest and by broth micro-dilution as a reference standard. the gram-positives included staphylococci (mrsa, mssa and cns), ...201222238441
nosocomial outbreak of pantoea agglomerans bacteraemia associated with contaminated anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution: new name, old bug?we describe an outbreak investigation of pantoea agglomerans bacteraemia associated with anticoagulant citrate-dextrose 46% (acd) solution prepared in-house. a healthy man presented with septic shock during plasmapheresis for granulocyte donation. the solution used for priming and blood samples were sent for culture. identification of the isolate to species level was performed by gyrb sequencing. typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in total, eight cases were identifi ...201222245117
variation in local carrying capacity and the individual fate of bacterial colonizers in the phyllosphere.using a phyllosphere model system, we demonstrated that the term 'carrying capacity', as it is commonly used in microbial ecology, needs to be understood as the sum of many 'local carrying capacities' in order to better explain and predict the course and outcome of bacterial colonization of an environment. using a green fluorescent protein-based bioreporter system for the quantification of reproductive success (rs) in individual erwinia herbicola cells, we were able to reconstruct the contributi ...201222258099
cow teat skin, a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production.the diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16s rrna gene sequencing. this was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16s rrna gene sequencing. this study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as ...201222081572
plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications.the worldwide increases in both environmental damage and human population pressure have the unfortunate consequence that global food production may soon become insufficient to feed all of the world's people. it is therefore essential that agricultural productivity be significantly increased within the next few decades. to this end, agricultural practice is moving toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. this includes both the increasing use of transgenic plants and plant ...201224278762
production of aromatic compounds by metabolically engineered escherichia coli with an expanded shikimate pathway.escherichia coli was metabolically engineered by expanding the shikimate pathway to generate strains capable of producing six kinds of aromatic compounds, phenyllactic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, phenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol, which are used in several fields of industries including pharmaceutical, agrochemical, antibiotic, flavor industries, etc. to generate strains that produce phenyllactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic ac ...201222752168
external quality assessment of national public health laboratories in africa, 2002-2009.to describe findings from an external quality assessment programme involving laboratories in africa that routinely investigate epidemic-prone diseases.201222461714
Growth Inhibition of Various Enterobacteriaceae Species by the Yeast Hansenula anomala during Storage of Moist Cereal Grain.Eleven of 13 Enterobacteriaceae species tested grew in moist stored wheat, highlighting a potential risk of this energy-saving airtight storage method. When Hansenula anomala was coinoculated, all Enterobacteriaceae species were significantly inhibited after 2 months of storage, six of them to below the detection limit.201222020520
factors influencing the microbial composition of metalworking fluids and potential implications for machine operator's lung.hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as "machine operator's lung" (mol), has been related to microorganisms growing in metalworking fluids (mwfs), especially mycobacterium immunogenum. we aimed to (i) describe the microbiological contamination of mwfs and (ii) look for chemical, physical, and environmental parameters associated with variations in microbiological profiles. we microbiologically analyzed 180 mwf samples from nonautomotive plants (e.g., screw-machining or metal-cutting plants) i ...201222057869
screening of freeze-dried protective agents for the formulation of biocontrol strains, bacillus cereus ar156, burkholderia vietnamiensis b418 and pantoea agglomerans 2re40.the effects of different freeze-drying protective agents on the viabilities of biocontrol strains bacillus cereus ar156, burkholderia vietnamiensis b418 and pantoea agglomerans 2re40 were investigated.201222017666
Emergence of blaCTX-M-15, qnrB1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr resistance genes in Pantoea agglomerans and Enterobacter cloacae from Nigeria (sub-Saharan Africa). 201221921107
detection of campylobacter species and arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex pcr.the presence of campylobacter (or campylobacter-like) species in stools from patients suspected of infectious gastroenteritis (n = 493) was investigated using real-time pcr for detection of arcobacter butzleri (hsp60 gene), campylobacter coli (ceue gene), campylobacter jejuni (mapa), five acknowledged pathogenic campylobacter spp. (c16s_lund assay), and the campylobacter genus (c16s_lvi assay). in total, 71.4% of the samples were positive for campylobacter dna (n = 352) by a campylobacter genus- ...201323152553
phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils.phosphorus is the second important key element after nitrogen as a mineral nutrient in terms of quantitative plant requirement. although abundant in soils, in both organic and inorganic forms, its availability is restricted as it occurs mostly in insoluble forms. the p content in average soil is about 0.05% (w/w) but only 0.1% of the total p is available to plant because of poor solubility and its fixation in soil (illmer and schinner, soil biol biochem 27:257-263, 1995). an adequate supply of p ...201325674415
improvement of plant growth and seed yield in jatropha curcas by a novel nitrogen-fixing root associated enterobacter species.jatropha curcas l. is an oil seed producing non-leguminous tropical shrub that has good potential to be a fuel plant that can be cultivated on marginal land. due to the low nutrient content of the targeted plantation area, the requirement for fertilizer is expected to be higher than other plants. this factor severely affects the commercial viability of j. curcas.201324083555
tyrb-2 and phhc genes of pseudomonas putida encode aromatic amino acid aminotransferase isozymes: evidence at the protein level.two pseudomonas putida aminotransferases (arat i and arat ii) that exhibit activity toward l-tryptophan were purified 104- and 395-fold using a six-stage purification procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatographic separation on phenyl-sepharose, sephadex g-100 superfine, deae-cellulose and protein-pack q8 hr columns. mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the identification of 27 and 20 % of the total arat i and arat ii amino acid sequences. in addition, n-terminal sequen ...201323685963
bio-preparates support the productivity of potato plants grown under desert farming conditions of north sinai: five years of field trials.organic agriculture as well as good agricultural practices (gaps) intrigues the concern of both consumers and producers of agricultural commodities. bio-preparates of various rhizospheric microorganisms (rmos) are potential sources of biological inputs supporting plant nutrition and health. the response of open-field potatoes to the application of rmo bio-preparates, the biofertilizer "biofertile" and the bioagent "biocontrol", were experimented over 5 successive years under n-hunger of north si ...201325685470
bio-preparates support the productivity of potato plants grown under desert farming conditions of north sinai: five years of field trials.organic agriculture as well as good agricultural practices (gaps) intrigues the concern of both consumers and producers of agricultural commodities. bio-preparates of various rhizospheric microorganisms (rmos) are potential sources of biological inputs supporting plant nutrition and health. the response of open-field potatoes to the application of rmo bio-preparates, the biofertilizer "biofertile" and the bioagent "biocontrol", were experimented over 5 successive years under n-hunger of north si ...201325685470
communication between bacteria and their hosts.it is clear that a dialogue is occurring between microbes and their hosts and that chemical signals are the language of this interkingdom communication. microbial endocrinology shows that, through their long coexistence with animals and plants, microorganisms have evolved sensors for detecting eukaryotic hormones, which the microbe uses to determine that they are within proximity of a suitable host and to optimally time the expression of genes needed for host colonisation. it has also been shown ...201324381789
pattern of bacterial colonization of atopic dermatitis in saudi children.atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disorder. although it is not a life threatening condition, it may become infected with microorganisms, especially in children.201324179911
optimization of routine identification of clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the bruker biotyper.matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) might complement and one day replace phenotypic identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory, but there is no consensus standard regarding the requirements for its validation prior to clinical use in the united states. the objective of this study was to assess the preanalytical variables influencing gram-negative identification by use of the bruker biotyper maldi-tof ms system, inclu ...201323426923
mechanistic aspects of carotenoid biosynthesis. 201324175570
mechanistic aspects of carotenoid biosynthesis. 201324175570
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology.within the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories experienced revolutionary changes in the way in which microorganisms are identified, moving away from slow, traditional microbial identification algorithms toward rapid molecular methods and mass spectrometry (ms). historically, ms was clinically utilized as a high-complexity method adapted for protein-centered analysis of samples in chemistry and hematology laboratories. today, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight ...201323824373
ultrasound assessment of thrombotic complications in pediatric patients with tunneled central venous catheters.central venous access consists in inserting a vascular catheter to the vena cava and placing its tip in the vicinity of the opening to the right atrium. in the patients of the clinic of pediatrics, hematology and oncology at the academic clinical centre of the medical university in gdańsk, such implantation procedures are conducted 40-50 times in a year using broviac/hickman catheters that are placed in the subclavian vein. in the ultrasound and biopsy laboratory at the clinic mentioned above, a ...201326673005
emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up.one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital.201324843199
emerging organisms in a tertiary healthcare set up.one-tenth of all infectious diseases are attributable to emerging organisms. as emerging organisms sporadically affect a relatively small percentage of population they are not studied at large. this study was aimed at studying the characteristics of emerging organisms encountered from various clinical samples in an apex tertiary care multispeciality teaching and research hospital.201324843199
comparative evaluation of the in-vitro activity of six β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against gram negative bacilli.the extensive use of the β-lactam antibiotics in hospitals and in the community has created major resistance problems which has led to increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. the use of the β-lactamase inhibitors in combination with the β-lactam antibiotics is currently the most successful strategy used for circumventing the resistance mechanisms.201323543071
microbial diversity in the floral nectar of seven epipactis (orchidaceae) species.floral nectar of animal-pollinated plants is commonly infested with microorganisms, yet little is known about the microorganisms inhabiting the floral nectar of orchids. in this study, we investigated microbial communities occurring in the floral nectar of seven epipactis (orchidaceae) species. culturable bacteria and yeasts were isolated and identified by partially sequencing the small subunit (ssu) ribosomal rna (rrna) gene and the d1/d2 domains of the large subunit (lsu) rrna gene, respective ...201323836678
characterization of mineral phosphate solubilization traits from a barley rhizosphere soil functional metagenome.mineral phosphate solubilization (mps) microorganisms are important for their provision of orthophosphate anions for plant growth promotion activity in soil. in this study, we applied a functional metagenomic approach to identify this trait directly from the microbiome in barley rhizosphere soil that had not received p fertilizer over a 15-year period. a fosmid system was used to clone the metagenome of which 18,000 clones (~666 mb of dna) was screened for mps. functional assays and high perform ...201323894099
ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products: overview and recommendations for a universal nomenclature.this review presents recommended nomenclature for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (ripps), a rapidly growing class of natural products. the current knowledge regarding the biosynthesis of the >20 distinct compound classes is also reviewed, and commonalities are discussed.201323165928
diversity and function of bacterial microbiota in the mosquito holobiont.mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) have been shown to host diverse bacterial communities that vary depending on the sex of the mosquito, the developmental stage, and ecological factors. some studies have suggested a potential role of microbiota in the nutritional, developmental and reproductive biology of mosquitoes. here, we present a review of the diversity and functions of mosquito-associated bacteria across multiple variation factors, emphasizing recent findings. mosquito microbiota is consider ...201323688194
in and out: an analysis of epibiotic vs periplasmic bacterial predators.bdellovibrio and like organisms (balo) are obligate predators of gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the α- and δ-proteobacteria. balo prey using either a periplasmic or an epibiotic predatory strategy, but the genetic background underlying these phenotypes is not known. here we compare the epibiotic bdellovibrio exovorus and micavibrio aeruginosavorus to the periplasmic b. bacteriovorus and bacteriovorax marinus. electron microscopy showed that m. aeruginosavorus, but not b. exovorus, can atta ...201324088628
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