Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of levofloxacin (l-ofloxacin), an optically active ofloxacin. | the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin was compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other antibiotics. in general, levofloxacin was equally active or up to fourfold more active than ofloxacin against all 801 organisms tested. levofloxacin was twofold [corrected] more active than ciprofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae and 2- to 4-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus, xanthomonas maltophilia, and bacteroides fragilis. levofloxacin was two- to ei ... | 1992 | 1503449 |
| gangrenous stomatitis following measles. | 1992 | 1506107 | |
| [clinical pharmacology and efficacy of meropenem]. | we studied a newly developed carbapenem, meropenem (mepm), and obtained the following results. 1. pharmacokinetics of mepm in pediatrics was examined in 3 patients. mepm was injected intravenously at a dose of 16-22 mg/kg by drip infusion for 30 minutes, and its concentrations in serum and urine were determined using bioassay. the average peak value of serum levels of mepm was 38.4 micrograms/ml and t1/2 beta of mepm was 1.26 hours. the urinary recovery rate for the first 6 hours after administr ... | 1992 | 1507403 |
| septicemia in granulocytopenic patients: a shift in bacterial etiology. | 35 episodes of septicemia in 33 patients occurred among 269 consecutive patients with granulocytopenia (granulocyte cell count less than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l) during the 7-year period 1982-1988. 59% of isolated bacteria were gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis, streptococcus species and pneumococcus) and 41% gram-negative (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, acinetobacter and citrobacter). compared to the 7-year period 1975-198 ... | 1992 | 1509241 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ampc-ampr region from the chromosome of yersinia enterocolitica. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3.1-kb region from the chromosome of the yersinia enterocolitica o:5b strain ip97 containing the gene for an inducible chromosomal cephalosporinase has been determined. the cephalosporinase gene was homologous to other enterobacterial chromosomal cephalosporinase genes, and it was accompanied by a gene homologous to the regulatory ampr gene. the arrangement of genes in the y. enterocolitica ampcr unit was identical to that in the enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter ... | 1992 | 1510392 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of sce-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | sce-2787, a new cephalosporin having a condensed azolium moiety in the 3 position and an aminothiadiazolyl group in the 7 beta side chain, was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities in comparison with those of ceftazidime, flomoxef, cefpirome, and e1040. against methicillin-susceptible strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, sce-2787 was more active than ceftazidime and e1040 and was as active as flomoxef and cefpirome, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic ... | 1992 | 1510428 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627. | the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ... | 1992 | 1510436 |
| anaerobic malonate decarboxylation by citrobacter diversus. growth and metabolic studies, and evidence of atp formation. | citrobacter diversus atcc 27156 was able to grow by decarboxylation of malonate to acetate under strictly anaerobic conditions, in the presence of yeast extract. the growth yield, corrected for growth on yeast extract, was 2.03 g cell dry mass per mol malonate. the addition of malonate to atp-depleted cell suspensions (less than 0.2 nmol atp/mg cell protein) resulted in a rapid increase in cellular atp levels to between 4.5 and 6.0 nmol/mg cell protein. intact cells decarboxylated malonate at ra ... | 1992 | 1510573 |
| brominated phospholipids as a tool for monitoring the membrane insertion of colicin a. | the intrinsic fluorescence of the colicin a thermolytic fragment does not change after insertion into normal phospholipid vesicles and is thus an unsuitable probe for monitoring the membrane insertion process. in this paper, we report the results of studies on the quenching of this fluorescence by brominated dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (br-dopg) vesicles. bromine atoms located at the midpoint of the phospholipid acyl chain quench the tryptophan fluorescence, indicating contact between fluoropho ... | 1992 | 1510921 |
| [clinical laboratory approach to evaluate efficacy of amikacin. reevaluation of in vitro mic break points in disc susceptibility test]. | antimicrobial activities of amikacin (amk) against 269 strains of various clinical isolates obtained in 1989 were determined and the reliability of the amk disc susceptibility test in estimating approximate values of mics was studied. in addition, clinical significance of various systems for the interpretation of the disc tests was evaluated to determine more useful method in the evaluation of clinical efficacy of amk. included in the study were a 3 category system of nccls, a 4 category system ... | 1992 | 1512934 |
| the threat of resistance to the new oral cephalosporins. | phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the prevalence of beta-lactamases. the most common enzymes responsible for resistance to aminopenicillins and older (1st generation) cephalosporins are the tem-1, tem-2, oxa-1 and shv-1 enzymes, all of which are plasmid-mediated. the recent development of oral cephalosporins sharing structural features and an antimicrobial spectrum comparable to that of 3rd-generation cephalosporins has provided highly active compounds for the man ... | 1992 | 1516458 |
| evaluation of coliforms as indicators of water quality in india. | the total and thermotolerant coliform counts in rural drinking water derived from ground water, piped supplies and surface water are reported for a number of areas in india. to evaluate these counts as indicators of recent faecal contamination the total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms isolated have been identified. thermotolerant escherichia coli formed 11.7% of the total coliforms and 75.1% of the thermotolerant coliforms. citrobacter sp. (20.4%) and klebsiella sp. (50.9%) were the other ... | 1992 | 1517177 |
| evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections in a university hospital in saudi arabia. | the efficacy and safety of aztreonam were evaluated in an open trial at king khalid university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. a total of 45 critically-ill adult patients were enrolled in the study. all patients with documented gram-negative infection were treated with aztreonam as monotherapy. antibiotics active against only gram-positive and/or anaerobic organisms were allowed. twenty cases were clinically evaluable. eleven had lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia), 3 had urinary trac ... | 1992 | 1517810 |
| expression of vi antigen in escherichia coli k-12: characterization of viab from citrobacter freundii and identity of viaa with rcsb. | the vi antigen in salmonella typhi is stably expressed and may act to protect the strain against the defensive system of the host. citrobacter freundii, not usually a common human pathogen, also expresses the vi antigen but expresses it unstably, exhibiting a reversible transition between the vi+ and vi- states. two widely separated chromosomal regions, viaa and viab, are needed for vi synthesis. escherichia coli k-12 harboring a functional viab plasmid can also express vi antigen, but the clone ... | 1992 | 1522067 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ceftriaxone against clinically isolated strains]. | antibiotic activities (mics) of ceftriaxone (ctrx) against 1,210 strains of bacteria including 28 spp. isolated in 1987 and 1990 were compared with those of other cephems. 1. when compared to data on clinically isolated strains reported in the early 1980s, strains of the following species isolated in 1990 showed extremely elevated mic90s of ctrx: staphylococcus spp., streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., serratia spp., proteus vulgaris, morganella morga ... | 1992 | 1522669 |
| immunochemical studies on sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides from enterobacterial species. | lipopolysaccharides with sialic acid as a component were isolated from six bacterial serovars of the family enterobacteriaceae. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and passive haemagglutination demonstrated that epitopes are localized in the o-specific polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharides. the strains were tested for a serological relationship; the only distinct cross-reactivity recorded was between escherichia coli serovars o24 and o56. the molecular mimicry phenomenon was f ... | 1992 | 1524838 |
| in vitro activity of cefodizime. | cefodizime is a bactericidal cephem with the typical broad spectrum activity of an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, including both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: its mic90 is 0.125 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and other streptococci; and 0.05 mg/l for haemophilus spp., neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and moraxella catarrhalis; while beta-lactamase positive strains of m. catarrhalis require 1 mg/l. less than 1 mg/l is needed for escherichia coli, ... | 1992 | 1526673 |
| neonatal septicaemia in an african city of high altitude. | ninety-nine cases of neonatal septicaemia prospectively seen over a 3-year period in a large cosmopolitan african city of high altitude is presented. an incidence of 6.5 per 1000 live births was noted. though the most important pathogens were klebsiella spp. and staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter difficile and alkalegenes faecalis were the pathogens associated with a high mortality rate. low birth weight infants were significantly more affected. the overall mortality rate was 27.3 per cent. the ... | 1992 | 1527816 |
| bacteriophage lytic patterns for identification of salmonellae, shigellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae. | a series of bacteriophages specific for escherichia coli (e-1, e-2, e-3, and e-4), citrobacter freundii (phi i, phi ii, and phi iii), enterobacter cloacae (ent), and shigella spp. (sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. these bacteriophages, in combination with felix salmonella phage o-i, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: o-i, c (phi i and phi iii), sh, e (e-1 and e-2), ce (phi ii and e-3), e-4, and ent. after 20,280 cultures of 27 species ... | 1992 | 1551974 |
| citrobacter diversus brain abscess: case reports and molecular epidemiology. | citrobacter diversus brain abscess occurred in two infants in aberdeen, 5 months apart. these are the first reported cases of this condition in the uk since 1976. restriction endonuclease analysis with saci enzyme showed blood and csf isolates from both patients to be identical and different from 10 other clinical isolates of c. diversus and one c. amalonaticus strain. furthermore, isolates of c. diversus from patients belonged to biotype "d" whereas control isolates were of biotypes "a" or "e". ... | 1992 | 1560449 |
| the vi antigen of salmonella typhi: molecular analysis of the viab locus. | strains of salmonella typhi isolated from the blood of patients with typhoid fever invariably express a capsular polysaccharide, termed the vi antigen. vi antigen expression is controlled by two separate chromosomal loci, viaa and viab. the viaa locus is commonly found in enteric bacteria. in contrast, the viab locus appears to be specific to vi-expressing strains of salmonella and citrobacter. here the cloning, expression and analysis of viab determinants from s. typhi ty2 is described. whole-c ... | 1992 | 1564441 |
| [typing by isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamase enzymes in klebsiella and enterobacter strains resistant to the new beta-lactam antibiotics]. | resistance to new generation beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria is increasing worldwide. this resistance is due to ebs enzymes in klebsiella spp., and type-i chromosomal enzymes in enterobacter spp., citrobacter, p. aeruginosa, providencia, m. morganii and s. marcescens. in this study, the types of beta-lactamases in 16 klebsiella spp. and 15 enterobacter spp. which are resistant to newer beta-lactam antibiotics was investigated by isoelectric focusing. the results of the study sh ... | 1992 | 1574017 |
| further observations on the serological response to experimental salmonella typhimurium in chickens measured by elisa. | an indirect elisa developed for the serological detection of salmonella typhimurium in chickens using lipopolysaccharide as detecting antigen has been evaluated further in experimental infections. following oral infection of 24-week-old laying hens with an invasive strain of s. typhimurium, high titres of specific circulating igg were induced which were maintained for 20 weeks. similar igg titres were found in egg yolk. when 4-day-old chickens were infected high antibody titres persisted for 45 ... | 1992 | 1582466 |
| [a study carried out in 1989 at the sant'antonio hospital of ovada on food poisoning in personnel handling and selling food products and drinks]. | the search for salmonella spp in the faeces and of staphylococcus aureus in pharyngeal pads during examinations for the renewal of the medical fitness booklet, leads to a number of considerations of a technical-health and economic nature. whereas the identification of staphylococcus aureus is fairly straightforward, that of salmonella in the faeces is not so easy. doubtful results are commonplace and bacteria are often found with features similar to salmonella; this means extra examinations with ... | 1992 | 1589136 |
| [monthly variation of viable count and coliforms count of sandpits in parks]. | field and experimental microbiological investigations of samples from sandpits from 5 parks were performed 2 times a month for 1 year, january-december 1990. total viable count from the sandpits was highest in the surface layer sample than the inner layer throughout the year. however, there was no such tendency in the number of coliforms and enterobacter, escherichia coli, citrobacter. the number of bacteria on the surface and inner layer was high from april to june, and in september and october ... | 1992 | 1600209 |
| the polypeptide chain fold in tyrosine phenol-lyase, a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme. | the tyrosine phenol lyase (ec 4.1.99.2) from citrobacter intermedius has been crystallised in the apo form by vapour diffusion. the space group is p2(1)2(1)2. the unit cell has dimensions a = 76.0 a, b = 138.3 a, c = 93.5 a and it contains two subunits of the tetrameric molecule in the asymmetric unit. diffraction data for the native enzyme and two heavy atom derivatives have been collected with synchrotron radiation and an image plate scanner. the structure has been solved at 2.7 a resolution b ... | 1992 | 1601133 |
| bacteriological quality of infant feeding bottle-contents and teats in addis abeba, ethiopia. | bacteriological quality of 244 infant feeding-bottles and 61 teats were studied from january 1989 to november 1989. samples were collected from feeding-bottles of babies who were brought by nursing mothers to clinics and hospitals for varying complaints. of the 244 bottle-content samples, 144 (59%) harboured more than 2 x 10(6) colonies of bacteria per ml. of samples. the predominant bacterial isolates both from bottle-contents and teat-swabs were the coliform group of bacteria, such as e. coli, ... | 1992 | 1606947 |
| [the pathogen spectrum and its resistance behavior in children with urinary tract infections in angola]. | in 225 children (135 boys, 90 girls) suffering from clinical relevant urinary tract infection the bacterial spectrum and resistance behaviour to routinely used antibiotics were evaluated. in 65.4% of the patients a significant bacteriuria was found: e. coli (34.6%), proteus (22.3%), klebsiella (14.6%), citrobacter (9.2%), enterobacter (5.4%) and pseudomonas (5.4%). in testing a high resistance of bacterias to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol, ampicillin, and gentamycin was found, whereas good suscep ... | 1992 | 1608185 |
| reduction of campylobacter jejuni colonization of chicks by cecum-colonizing bacteria producing anti-c. jejuni metabolites. | cecum-colonizing bacteria were isolated from campylobacter jejuni-free white leghorn (gallus domesticus) laying hens and screened for the ability to produce anti-c. jejuni metabolites. nine isolates were obtained that possessed this characteristic. the peroral administration of the nine isolates as a mixture (ca. 10(9) per chick) to 1-day-old chicks was followed 1 week later by peroral inoculation of campylobacter jejuni (ca. 10(9) per chick) to determine if the cecal isolates could protect chic ... | 1992 | 1610187 |
| use of a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for screening of escherichia coli. | a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for detection of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) activity and indole production was evaluated on a collection of 393 isolates of enterobacteria. both beta-gur and indole were positive on 96.6% of escherichia coli strains. beta-gur, only, was also detected in 25 shigella spp., four enterobacter cloacae, eight citrobacter freundii, and five salmonella enteritidis strains, none of which were indole producers. an additional 261 consecutive clinical i ... | 1992 | 1611844 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| review of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin. | cefprozil is a newer oral cephalosporin with a spectrum of activity against organisms that include gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. a review of published data shows that cefprozil is active (susceptibility, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml; moderate susceptibility, 16 micrograms/ml; resistance, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) against gram-positive species such as streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, and listeria monocytogenes; it may have marginal activi ... | 1992 | 1617037 |
| development of resistance during ceftazidime and cefepime therapy in a murine peritonitis model. | resistance emerging after ceftazidime or cefepime therapy was investigated in a peritonitis model. mice were given a peritoneal challenge (10(8) cfu plus talcum) and treated by either antibiotic (50 mg/kg/dose, which produced similar antibiotic concentrations in peritoneal fluid in both cases). after one or three doses, resistance never developed in serratia marcescens or citrobacter freundii infections. after enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge, ceftazidime selected more r ... | 1992 | 1624394 |
| [a case of alveolar hydatid disease of the lung in the kansai district of japan]. | a 78-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of episodes of high grade fever and multiple nodular shadows on chest roentgenogram. he had a past history of percutaneous drainage and partial resection of the left lobe of the liver for liver abscess of unknown origin in 1987. the high grade fever was secondary to sepsis due to citrobacter freundii. the sepsis improved with antibiotic therapy, but the abnormal shadows on chest roentgenogram did not improved. immunoserological tests indicated a ... | 1992 | 1630056 |
| [fatal emphysematous pyelonephritis]. | a man aged 46 years with diabetes mellitus was admitted with acute right-sided renal symptoms. pyelonephritis emphysematous without concretions was found. the patient was treated with insulin, fluids, electrolytes and antibiotics and nephrostomy was performed and, subsequently, an internal jj-catheter in the ureter. the symptoms disappeared and he was discharged on a low dosage of sulphamethizol. after the planned removal of the jj-catheter, sepsis running a lethal course developed. this emphasi ... | 1992 | 1631972 |
| the e-test applied to susceptibility tests of gonococci, multiply-resistant enterococci, and enterobacteriaceae producing potent beta-lactamases. | the e-test (ab biodisk, solna, sweden), a new and novel approach developed to test antimicrobial susceptibility, was compared with the agar dilution method. a collection of 57 organisms, including those with known resistances to various antimicrobial agents was tested against 15 drugs using the national committee for clinical laboratory standard (nccls) methods. the e-test quantitative accuracy (+/- 2 log2 dilutions) compared with agar dilution results was 99% for neisseria gonorrhoeae, 95% for ... | 1992 | 1643825 |
| the current and future impact of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. | the selection of drug-resistant microorganisms has generally been associated with the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. the emergence of these antimicrobial resistance has an undesirable impact that often severely limits the use of these drugs that could have otherwise been identified as "drugs of first choice." among the most serious drug-resistance problems, the chromosomally mediated type -i beta-lactamase mechanism has become more common among the infecting gram-negative bacteria. type ... | 1992 | 1737440 |
| incidence of an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase, acc(6')-1b, in amikacin-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli, as determined by dna-dna hybridisation and immunoblotting. | seventy amikacin-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria belonging to nine genera were examined by immunoblotting and by dna-dna hybridisation for the presence of acc(6')1b enzyme, previously called aac(6')-4, or its encoding gene aaca1b. the organisms mostly had resistance profiles compatible with aac(6') production and were from south and north america, the far east and europe. polyclonal (rabbit) anti-aac(6')-1b antisera and an intragenic aaca1b (aaca4) probe derived from the mu ... | 1992 | 1740788 |
| long term epidemiological analysis of citrobacter diversus in a neonatal intensive care unit. | a prolonged outbreak of citrobacter diversus central nervous system infection among hospitalized term infants, peaking in 1979, ceased with establishment of nurse-patient cohorting. the outbreak was attributed to dissemination of an epidemic strain among infants in an antiquated neonatal intensive care unit. when c. diversus colonization recurred within the new neonatal intensive care unit in 1984, cohorting and bacteriologic surveillance were reinstituted. by utilizing biotypes, plasmid profile ... | 1992 | 1741205 |
| [the clinico-immunological characteristics and treatment of acute intestinal infections caused by enterobacteria of the genus citrobacter]. | 1992 | 1293835 | |
| pilot studies on the occurrence of some infectious diseases in two different areas in south yemen (aden) (part ii. microbiology). | this paper is the second part of the article dealing with intestinal bacteria. the findings are relatively poor in comparing with the frequency of intestinal protozoa. among 83 stool specimens taken for bacteriological examination 14 isolations of different bacteria were proved. one s. muenchen was isolated from a 3 year old boy with fever, diarrhoea. five cases of alkalescens dispar 05 manit negative and 05 manit positive were identified. two of these cases were without clinical symptoms. all w ... | 1992 | 1300359 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. the mic of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera serratia, citrobacter, and providencia were mics above 1 microgram/ml. some 90% of ... | 1992 | 1320362 |
| role of is1 in the conversion of virulence (vi) antigen expression in enterobacteriaceae. | when escherichia coli hb101 harbors pwr127, a plasmid comprising the viab gene from citrobacter freundii wr7004 and the cole1-derived packc1, the strain produces the virulence (vi) antigen. vi antigen expression is abolished (vi- phenotype), however, when an is1 or is1-like dna element inserts into the viab region. to determine the sites of is1 insertion, pwr127 dnas extracted from 95 independently isolated vi- strains were analyzed by digestion with the restriction endonuclease psti and agarose ... | 1992 | 1324399 |
| in vitro activity of opc-17116 compared to other broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones. | the in vitro activity of opc-17116 was compared to that of five similar fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and temafloxacin). a total of 700 isolates from recent cases of clinical bacteremia were tested. fifty additional stock strains with well-characterized resistance mechanisms were also processed. the minimal concentrations inhibiting 90% of strains (mic90) of enterobacteriaceae species were for opc-17116 0.015-0.5 micrograms/ml and for ciprofloxacin 0.015-0.25 ... | 1992 | 1327789 |
| epidemiological survey of genes encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferases aph (3') i and aph (3') ii using dna probes. | the epidemiological survey of aph (3') i and aph (3') ii genes, at a time when the specific antibiotic pressure was very low, was carried out by dna-dna hybridization. the sample included 334 aminoglycoside resistant gram-negative bacteria collected from patients of a general hospital. of these, 251 hybridized with the aph (3') i-probe and 19 with the aph (3') ii-probe but only 190 strains showed high resistance levels (cim greater than 64 micrograms/ml) for kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin. ... | 1992 | 1328557 |
| characterization of the citrobacter freundii phoe gene and development of c. freundii-specific oligonucleotides. | the phoe gene of citrobacter freundii, encoding a pore-forming outer membrane protein, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the homologies in terms of identical amino acids between the c. freundii phoe protein and those of escherichia coli, e. cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae were 90%, 86% and 84%, respectively. two synthetic oligonucleotides, corresponding to hypervariable, cell surface-exposed regions of the protein, were tested for their specificity in polymerase chain reac ... | 1992 | 1337052 |
| the comparative activity of fleroxacin, three other quinolones and eight unrelated antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin, a new trifluorinated quinolone was evaluated against 432 bacterial isolates. fleroxacin was 1- to 2-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and at least as active as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin against most members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the mics of fleroxacin for 90% of strains tested (mic90) were < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml against all isolates of enterobacteriaceae except citrobacter freundii (mic90, 4 micrograms/ml) and serratia marcescens (mic90, 2 m ... | 1992 | 1337507 |
| [plasmid localization and cloning of restriction modification genes from citrobacter freundii 4111 strain]. | over 60 producing strains of restriction endonucleases type ii have been found among 500 different strains, mostly enterobacteriaceae. the strain citrobacter freundii 4111 produces restriction endonuclease cfrbi, a new isoschisomer of styi. the genes of the restriction-modification system cfrbi were located on the multicopy plasmid pze8 containing the co1e1-type replicon and cloned to e. coli k802. the deletion variant of 3.2-kb pze8 which contains intact restriction-modification and a dna fragm ... | 1992 | 1338550 |
| mobilization of nonconjugative pbr322-derivative plasmids from laboratory strains of escherichia coli to bacteria isolated from seawater. | mobilization of derivatives of plasmids pbr322 and pbr325 was shown to occur between escherichia coli k12 strains in lb-broth at 37 degrees c, provided a mobilizer plasmid (f') was present either together with the nonconjugative plasmid or in a second donor strain. evidence from restriction endonuclease analysis suggested that the mobilization was facilitated by a transposition phenomenon involving the "gamma-delta" sequence of f'. it was shown that mobilization of a derivative of pbr325 from e. ... | 1992 | 1341984 |
| epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. | a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ... | 1992 | 1350604 |
| interaction of citrobacter diversus strains with hep-2 epithelial and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | more than 75% of neonates with citrobacter diversus meningitis develop brain abscesses. interaction of c. diversus strains with hep-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) was studied to examine mechanisms related to brain abscess formation. two of 9 strains invaded hep-2 cells and 0 of 6 invaded huvec better than the others. c. diversus survived at least 20 h within hep-2 cells (in decreasing numbers). adhesion to hep-2 cells was increased in 3 of 4 strains expressing type 1 fimbri ... | 1992 | 1357038 |
| [occurrence of p.fimbrii in strains from selected genera of enterobacteriaceae]. | this study was aimed at recognition of frequency of occurrence of p fimbriae in strains of escherichia coli isolated from samples of feces of children with symptoms of diarrhoea and at search of these adhesions in strains representing other than escherichia genera of enterobacteriaceae strains. one hundred forty laboratory strains were investigated. they belonged to genus citrobacter, enterobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, providencia, salmonella, shigella, and yersinia. also wer ... | 1992 | 1363960 |
| tempe fermentation: some aspects of formation of gamma-linolenic acid, proteases and vitamins. | during a tempe fermentation the concentrations of linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids (ala) decreased while the concentration of oleic acid increased. during fatty acid synthesis rhizopus sp. produced only gamma-linolenic acid (gla) instead of ala. the amount of gla in tempe were influenced by varying external parameters. the proteolytic capacity of 36 strains of the genus rhizopus isolated from indonesian tempe or tempe inocula was examined. there was a distinct increase in the amount of free a ... | 1993 | 14545670 |
| use of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside for the isolation of beta-galactosidase-positive bacteria from municipal water supplies. | a new medium, mx-gal, has been developed for the membrane filter enumeration of beta-galactosidase-positive bacteria in municipal water supplies. mx-gal medium contains the chromogenic beta-galactosidase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (x-gal). all aeromonas, citrobacter, and enterobacter strains isolated from raw water on mx-gal medium were beta-galactosidase positive. in contrast, only 10 to 20% of these strains produced a red colony with a metallic sheen on m-end ... | 1993 | 10755843 |
| assessment of macroporous polystyrene-based polymers for the immobilization of citrobacter freundii. | polyhipe polymers represent a novel immobilization support possessing many desirable characteristics. these materials have been used to immobilize citrobacter freundii in order to develop a continuous bioconversion system for the anaerobic production of trimethylene glycol from glycerol. several immobilization methods were employed, of which the most successful involved culturing the organism with polyhipe in shake-flasks, transferring the contents into a column, and growing the cells in situ wi ... | 1993 | 7763451 |
| isolation of a citrobacter freundii strain which carries the escherichia coli o157 antigen. | a biochemically typical strain of citrobacter freundii which carries the escherichia coli o157 antigen is described. the significance of differentiating such strains from typical e. coli o157 strains is stressed. | 1993 | 7681442 |
| structure and antigenic properties of citrobacter freundii lipopolysaccharides. | citrobacter freundii strain e69366 was detected in a colony immunoassay with a rabbit antiserum prepared to a strain of escherichia coli belonging to serogroup o157. lipopolysaccharide (lps) was shown to contain the epitope(s) involved in antibody binding. lps prepared from strain e69366, with hot phenol contained core-lps that migrated to the water-phase and long-chain lps that separated into the phenol-phase. a total of 36 strains of cit. freundii were analysed for their lps profiles by sds-pa ... | 1993 | 7683640 |
| monoclonal antibodies against vi antigen production and characterization. | as a result of fusion of in vitro immunized mouse splenocytes and myeloma sp2/0 cells, stable hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against vi antigen were obtained. the monoclonal antibodies were of igm class. reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to vi antigen of different origin was tested. the reactivity was found to be independent of o-acetylation degree of vi antigen. | 1993 | 7580356 |
| multicenter comparison of in vitro activities of fk-037, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime. | in a multicenter study, the mics of fk-037 for 90% of the strains tested (mic90s) were < or = 1 microgram/ml for members of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was variable, with a mic50 and a mic90 of 4 and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. relative to cefepime, however, fk-037 was less active against ceftazidime-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. the mic90 of fk-037 for methici ... | 1993 | 8215286 |
| binding of phenol and analogues to alanine complexes of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii: implications for the mechanisms of alpha,beta-elimination and alanine racemization. | we have examined the interaction of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase with both l- and d-alanine. this enzyme catalyzes the racemization of alanine as a side reaction, in addition to the physiological beta-elimination of l-tyrosine to give phenol and ammonium pyruvate. the steady-state kinetic parameters for alanine racemization, kcat and km, for d-alanine are 0.008 s-1 and 32 mm, respectively, while those for l-alanine are 0.03 s-1 and 11 mm. incubation of tyrosine phenol-lyase with ei ... | 1993 | 8218227 |
| recurring ventriculitis due to citrobacter diversus: clinical and bacteriologic analysis. | neonatal meningitis due to citrobacter diversus is usually accompanied by the development of brain abscesses and tends to have high rates of morbidity and mortality. we report a case of a newborn with c. diversus meningitis and brain abscesses who relapsed after initial antibiotic therapy and from whom c. diversus was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid 4 years later during a neurosurgical procedure. genetic differences in the early and late isolates were discovered, and explanations for this phe ... | 1993 | 8218687 |
| [the pathogenicity factors in different representatives of the genus citrobacter]. | no trustworthy distinctions were revealed under the comparative analysis of properties of bacteria of citrobacter genus from 3 studied ecological groups (from patients with diarrhea, from healthy persons and patients with extraenteric pathological process). it allows the finding of potentially partogenic bacteria of citrobacter genus in patients with diarrhea to be considered the manifestation of dysbacteriosis. | 1993 | 8220831 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of aaca genes encoding aminoglycoside-6'-n-acetyltransferases in reference strains and gram-negative clinical isolates from two belgium hospitals. | genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferases, were identified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). four sets of primers delineating dna fragments of 209 bp, 250 bp, 260 bp and 347 bp, specific for the four known aaca genes, and probes within these fragments, were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences of the aaca genes. the specificity of the primers was evaluated using reference strains encoding various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. the primers reacted with their corre ... | 1993 | 8226413 |
| multicentre survey of the comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against bacteria from hospitalized patients in the british isles. | twenty-nine british and irish hospitals each collected up to 300 bacterial isolates from in-patients. the organisms were identified by an appropriate api system or, for staphylococci, by their gram and coagulase reactions. disc susceptibility tests were performed. isolates that gave zones < or = 25 mm to piperacillin/tazobactam (75 micrograms + 10 micrograms) discs were sent to a central laboratory for re-examination and determination of mic, together with a sample of the more susceptible organi ... | 1993 | 8226427 |
| [susceptibility in vitro to certain quinolines of gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive cocci causing urinary tract infections]. | susceptibility to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid of 848 bacterial strains isolated from urine of patients treated in 1989-1992 in wrocław hospitals was investigated. the study, performed by the disc diffusion methods, concerned 568 enterobacteriaceae strains, 147 gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria and 133 strains of staphylococci. highest percentage (90-100%) of susceptibility to all used antimicrobial agents was detected among escherichia, proteus, morganella and c ... | 1993 | 8231429 |
| ampg, a signal transducer in chromosomal beta-lactamase induction. | the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae is inducible by beta-lactam antibiotics. when an inducible ampc gene is introduced on a plasmid into escherichia coli together with its transcriptional regulator ampr, the plasmid-borne beta-lactamase is still inducible. we have isolated mutants, containing alterations in a novel e. coli gene, ampg, in which a cloned c. freundii ampc gene is unable to respond to beta-lactam inducers. the ampg gene was cloned, se ... | 1993 | 8231804 |
| an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia traced to contaminated o-rings in reprocessed dialyzers. | to investigate an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in an outpatient hemodialysis unit and to identify the source of contaminating bacteria and the route by which bacteria gained access to the bloodstream. | 1993 | 8239225 |
| classification of citrobacteria by dna hybridization: designation of citrobacter farmeri sp. nov., citrobacter youngae sp. nov., citrobacter braakii sp. nov., citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov., citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., and three unnamed citrobacter genomospecies. | dna relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method) were done on 112 strains of citrobacteria. by using the recommended definition of a genomospecies 11 genomospecies were identified in the genus citrobacter. these genomospecies were separable by their biochemical profiles. citrobacter koseri (citrobacter diversus) and citrobacter amalonaticus proved to be homogeneous species, as previously described. c. amalonaticus biogroup 1, as described by farmer et al. (j. clin. microbiol. 21:46-76, 1985), was ... | 1993 | 8240948 |
| structural characterization of gangliosides from resting and endotoxin-stimulated murine b lymphocytes. | b lymphocytes from cba/j mice were stimulated in splenocyte cultures for 72 h with various endotoxins. bisphosphoryl lipid a from escherichia coli had the highest stimulatory effect followed by lps of citrobacter freundii and salmonella minnesota as measured by [3h]thymidine uptake. gangliosides of stimulated b cells (metabolically labeled with d-[1-14c]galactose and d-[1-14c]glucosamine) and unlabeled gangliosides from resting b cells (prepared from spleens without stimulus) were analyzed by hi ... | 1993 | 8251488 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against fresh clinical isolates]. | in order evaluate antimicrobial activities of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of cdzm and other control drugs were determined against various clinical isolates, that were sent to our center from nation-wide medical institutions or were isolated and identified in our laboratory from various specimens of infected patients. the followings are a summary of the results: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cephems including cdzm included streptococcus ... | 1993 | 8254888 |
| [the antimicrobial activity of cefteram against recently clinically detected and isolated strains]. | in order to examine antibiotic activities of cefteram (cftm), its minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) and those of other cephem drugs were determined against clinically isolated strains received from july 1990 to june 1991 and from july 1992 to february 1993 from medical facilities throughout the country and against clinically isolated strains detected in our laboratory in samples from patients with various infectious diseases. the obtained results are summarized below. 1. no cftm-resistan ... | 1993 | 8254900 |
| erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: use of frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance. | mics of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin for 852 recent clinical isolates were determined by broth microdilution methods. frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses were used to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance. clarithromycin was the most active drug against bacteroides spp. but the least active against haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin was most active against h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, pasteurella multocida, and fus ... | 1993 | 8257127 |
| oligonucleotide probe determination of tetracycline-resistant bacteria isolated from catfish ponds. | oligonucleotide probes for class a, b and c tetracycline resistance determinants were synthesized and tested individually and in combination for hybridization with gram-negative isolates previously characterized by restriction fragment dna probes. similar hybridization patterns were observed with either probe type. gram-negative catfish pond bacteria were characterized by these oligonucleotide probes. the most common bacteria were plesiomonas shigelloides (47.7%), aeromonas hydrophila (28.8%) an ... | 1993 | 8264667 |
| [clonal spreading of a multidrug resistance citrobacter freundii strain at a neonatal intensive care unit]. | this paper reports on the epidemic spreading of a multiresistant citrobacter (c.) freundii strain at a neonatal intensive care unit. a premature baby of the 27th week of pregnancy died from septic shock caused by this strain. according to the result of a statistical analysis of risk factors a connection between the colonization of neonates and the feeding with an enteral feeding tube was probably. this suspicion could be confirmed by the detection of the multiresistant strain in the infant formu ... | 1993 | 8267838 |
| structure of the membrane-bound form of the pore-forming domain of colicin a: a partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry study. | the ion-channel-forming thermolytic fragment (tha) of colicin a binds to negatively charged vesicles and provides an example of the insertion of a soluble protein into a lipid bilayer. the soluble structure is known and consists of a 10-helix bundle containing a hydrophobic helical hairpin. in this study, partial proteolysis and mass spectrometry were used to determine the accessible sites to proteolytic attack by trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin in the tha fragment in its membrane-bound state. el ... | 1993 | 8268153 |
| dependence of induction of enterobacterial ampc beta-lactamase on cell-wall peptidoglycan, as demonstrated in proteus mirabilis and its wall-less protoplast l-form. | the mobilizable plasmid pmd101 (ampr, ampc) was constructed by inserting cloned ampc, the structural gene for the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase of citrobacter freundii, and the closely linked ampr encoding the transcriptional regulator essential for enzyme induction, into the broad host-range plasmid pkt231. plasmid pmd101 was transconjugated into proteus mirabilis vi and its isogenic, cell-wall-less protoplast l-form lvi. ampc beta-lactamase was expressed constitutively from cloned ampr and a ... | 1993 | 8277255 |
| plasmid encoded beta-lactamases resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid produced by calf faecal coliforms. | two new plasmid encoded beta-lactamase enzymes produced by a strain of escherichia coli and a strain of citrobacter freundii isolated from calf faeces have been characterised. both enzymes were similar to tem-1 in terms of substrate and inhibition profiles and physical properties but differed from tem-1 in being far less susceptible to the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid or tazobactam. in each case transfer of the plasmid e coli k12 rendered it clinically resistant to the combination o ... | 1993 | 8284502 |
| citrobacter septicemia in neonates. | 1993 | 8288337 | |
| characterization of ceftriaxone-resistant enterobacteriaceae: a multicentre study in 26 french hospitals. vigil'roc study group. | during a multicentre study performed in 26 french hospitals, 287 (3.2%) of 9038 enterobacteriaceae isolated, mainly enterobacter spp., serratia spp., citrobacter spp. and klebsiella spp. were classified as ceftriaxone resistant on the basis of an mic > 4 mg/l or the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was present mainly in klebsiella pneumoniae (65 strains, 10.2%) and very rarely in escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter ... | 1993 | 8288501 |
| cross-susceptibility of cefpirome and four other beta-lactams against isolates from haematology/oncology and intensive care units. international study group. | a multi-centre in-vitro study (8625 isolates) was conducted in 13 countries between may and november, 1992 to determine both the current bacterial epidemiology in intensive care and haematology/oncology units and the cross-susceptibility of the organisms to cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin. bacterial species with 20 or more isolates resistant to one of the six antibiotics were examined for their susceptibility to the beta-lactams. cefpirome and imipenem had the smal ... | 1993 | 8290900 |
| formation of vitamins by pure cultures of tempe moulds and bacteria during the tempe solid substrate fermentation. | the formation of water soluble vitamins (vitamin b12, vitamin b6, riboflavin, thiamine, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) during the tempe solid substrate fermentation was investigated. the role of several strains of rhizopus oligosporus, r. arrhizus, and r. stolonifer and the role of several bacteria in the vitamin formation process were checked. all fungal and bacterial strains were isolated from indonesian tempe and soaking water samples. the rhizopus strains formed riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ... | 1993 | 8300444 |
| [ciprofloxacin resistance in gram negative bacilli. epidemiologic aspects]. | the aim of the present was to study the resistance to ciprofloxacin (cip) in gram negative bacilli (april 1990-march 1992) and to determine the temporary distribution of the resistant strains by species, samples and departments. | 1993 | 8305553 |
| peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, mediastinitis, and nonclostridial anaerobic myonecrosis: a case report. | peritonsillar abscess is a potentially life-threatening complication of acute tonsillitis. on occasion, peritonsillar abscess can extend to neck spaces and/or to the mediastinum. we describe a case of a patient with a peritonsillar abscess that extended to the neck, producing bilateral retropharyngeal abscesses and myonecrosis of the strap muscles. culture of a specimen of the necrotic muscle yielded prevotella intermedia, prevotella buccae, lactobacillus catenaforme, another lactobacillus speci ... | 1993 | 8324135 |
| intravenous streptomycin use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | to report a case of intravenous streptomycin sulfate use in a patient infected with high-level, gentamicin-resistant streptococcus faecalis. | 1993 | 8329788 |
| cloning and sequences of the genes encoding the cfrbi restriction-modification system from citrobacter freundii. | the genes encoding the cfrbi restriction and modification (r-m) systems from citrobacter freundii and recognizing the sequence 5'-ccwwgg-3' (w = a or t) were cloned in escherichia coli mcrbc- cells. the nucleotide (nt) sequences of the genes were determined. two large open reading frames were found. deletion analysis showed that one of them [1128 nt coding for 376 amino acids (aa)] corresponds to a methyltransferase (mtase)-encoding gene and the other (1065 nt coding for 355 aa) to a restriction ... | 1993 | 8335262 |
| the antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome, a new fourth-generation cephalosporin in comparison with other agents. | the antimicrobial activity of cefpirome was compared with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin and amikacin against 743 non-duplicate clinical isolates. mic50 and mic90 showed that the antibiotic was active against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. cefpirome was highly active against most of the enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus spp., aeromonas spp. (mic < or = 1 mg/l) and salmonella spp. (mic < or = 0.5 mg/l). n ... | 1993 | 8335498 |
| a multidrug resistance regulatory chromosomal locus is widespread among enteric bacteria. | constitutive expression of the mar operon (marrab) in escherichia coli produces a multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype mediated by the expression of multiple genetic loci in response to regulatory proteins in the operon. a mar-specific dna probe was used to search for the operon in bacterial strains representing 53 species and 27 genera. among these, 6 other enterobacteriaceae, salmonella, shigella, klebsiella, citrobacter, hafnia, and enterobacter species, contained dna sequences that hybri ... | 1993 | 8335992 |
| the use of imipenem-cilastatin in neonatal meningitis caused by citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a cause of severe meningitis in neonates and infants. it is unique in its propensity to produce brain abscesses that play an important role in the poor prognosis associated with this condition. the recommended therapeutic regimen of third-generation cephalosporines, aminoglycosides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is usually disappointing. we describe the use of imipenemcilastatin in successfully treating citrobacter diversus meningitis complicated by brain abscesses. | 1993 | 8338984 |
| unusual microtubule-dependent endocytosis mechanisms triggered by campylobacter jejuni and citrobacter freundii. | bacterial invasion of six different human epithelial cell lines showed that some strains of the intestinal pathogen campylobacter jejuni invaded intestinal cell lines at a level 10(2)-10(4) times higher than reported previously for other campylobacter strains. separately, urinary tract isolates of citrobacter freundii triggered a high-efficiency invasion of bladder cells. use of multiple inhibitors with known effects on eukaryotic cell structures/processes allowed us to define in these genetical ... | 1993 | 8341714 |
| [a xanthogranulomatous psoas abscess 4 years after nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. | we report a case of xanthogranulomatous abscess of the left psoas muscle in a patient who underwent nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis four years earlier. pathogens unlike those usually found in this type of inflammatory reaction were grown on culture. the possible relationship between the two infectious disease processes is analyzed. | 1993 | 8342983 |
| emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli causing bacteremia during therapy. | treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce class i beta-lactamase production. this phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. the charts of patients bacteremic with pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how ... | 1993 | 8346736 |
| whole-cell repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction allows rapid assessment of clonal relationships of bacterial isolates. | repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) enables the generation of dna fingerprints which discriminate bacterial species and strains. we describe the application of whole-cell methods which allow specimens from broth cultures or colonies from agar plates to be utilized directly in the pcr mixture. the rep-pcr-generated dna fingerprints obtained with whole-cell samples match results obtained with genomic dna templates. examples with different gram-negative bacteria (e ... | 1993 | 8349778 |
| evaluation of the l-pyrrolidonyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis test for the differentiation of members of the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae. | a simple, rapid, and inexpensive spot test incorporating the substrate pyrrolidonyl naphthylamide was used to examine pyrrolidonyl peptidase activity among 800 bacterial strains belonging to the families enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae. the pyrrolidonyl naphthylamide test was found to be particularly useful in separating citrobacter spp. (100% positive) from salmonella spp. (0.4% positive) and escherichia coli (0% positive). furthermore, it would appear to offer a safer alternative to the tr ... | 1993 | 8349781 |
| comparative in vitro activity of biapenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic. | biapenem is a new carbapenem antibiotic with high stability to human renal dehydropeptidase i. its in vitro activity was compared with that of imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin and gentamicin against a total of 650 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu). biapenem inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgari ... | 1993 | 8354306 |
| infection and antibiotic therapy in 4000 burned patients treated in milan, italy, between 1976 and 1988. | the pathogenic flora, isolated from burn wounds of patients admitted to a burn care unit during the years between 1976 and 1988 were typed and the in vitro susceptibility to antibacterial agents was recorded. between 1976 and 1988 the general therapeutic approach was changed three times, in congruence with the prevalent nosocomial bacterial resistance. the most frequent isolates were: pseud. aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus spp., proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter c ... | 1993 | 8357483 |
| a broadly cross-protective monoclonal antibody binding to escherichia coli and salmonella lipopolysaccharides. | during the last decade, episodes of sepsis have increased and escherichia coli has remained the most frequent clinical isolate. lipopolysaccharides (lps; endotoxin) are the major toxic and antigenic components of gram-negative bacteria and qualify as targets for therapeutic interventions. molecules that neutralize the toxic effects of lps are actively investigated. in this paper, we describe a murine monoclonal antibody (mab; wn1 222-5), broadly cross-reactive and cross-protective for smooth (s) ... | 1993 | 8359907 |
| beta-lactamase of lysobacter enzymogenes: cloning, characterization and expression of the gene and comparison of the enzyme to other lactamases. | the gene for the periplasmic beta-lactamase of lysobacter enzymogenes was isolated as part of a 1017 bp ecori fragment and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. it has a g+c content of 71.5% and encodes a 27 amino acid signal sequence and the mature beta-lactamase of 276 amino acids which has a mass of 29,146 da. the enzyme appears to be unique to l. enzymogenes but its amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology with the amino acid sequences of the lactamase from citrobact ... | 1993 | 8360618 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of cp-70,429 a new penem antibiotic. | in in vitro susceptibility tests, the new penem cp-70,429 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia. cp-70,429 was stable to various types of beta-lactamases except for the enzyme from x. maltophilia and was 16- to 128-fold more active than the other compounds against beta-lactamase-producing strains of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | 1993 | 8363389 |
| colicin a lysis protein promotes extracellular release of active human growth hormone accumulated in escherichia coli cytoplasm. | the colicin a lysis protein (cal) was used to direct the extracellular release of recombinant proteins produced in escherichia coli. the cal gene, under the control of its inducible promoter, was introduced into an expression vector encoding the human growth hormone devoid of its signal sequence (met-hgh). cal and met-hgh were simultaneously expressed at two different levels of met-hgh induction. the results indicate that cal causes the excretion of non-aggregated met-hgh from the cytoplasm to t ... | 1993 | 8364095 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados. | resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ... | 1993 | 8367967 |