Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
proteasome inhibitor mg132 blocks viral dna replication and assembly of human cytomegalovirus.this study provides evidence that proteasomal activity is required at multiple steps in human cytomegalovirus replication. electron microscopy revealed that no viral particles were assembled in the presence of proteasome inhibitor mg132. immunofluorescence and western blot analyses using mg132 demonstrated that immediate early gene expression was suppressed at low but not high moi. in contrast, expression of late proteins was completely blocked independent of moi. additionally, pulsed-field gel ...200818242185
human cytomegalovirus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell reconstitution in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and immune control of viral infection.human cytomegalovirus infection is the most frequent viral complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. we investigated the development of human cytomegalovirus-specific t cells in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants.200818245650
update from the 7th annual meeting of the italian society of virology.the italian society of virology (siv) held a meeting in orvieto (june 24-26, 2007) aimed at promoting interactions and collaborations between scientists in the field of virology. the meeting had an attendance of about 170 virologists from italy. in accordance with the normal format of the siv national meeting the conference transcended all areas of virology. sessions included invited speakers together with selected oral presentation. covered topics included: general virology and viral genetics, ...200818247363
development of recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing the gn glycoprotein of seoul virus.seoul virus glycoprotein gn is a major structural protein and candidate antigen of hantavirus that induces a highly immunogenic response for hantavirus vaccine. in this study, a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 expressing gn was constructed by the in vitro ligation method. the gn expression cassette, including the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) promoter/enhancer and the sv40 early mrna polyadenylation signal, was cloned into the sspi site of the e3 region which is not ess ...200818249007
[clinical value of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease].to establish a convenient method for diagnosis of active human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection in renal transplant recipients.200818250058
differences between mouse and human cytomegalovirus interactions with their respective hosts at immediate early times of the replication cycle.the promise of the mouse model of cytomegalovirus (cmv) research lies in a cost effective way to obtain significant data in in vivo settings. keeping that promise requires a high degree of equivalency in the human and mouse virus. while genomic structure and many common proteins suggest that this system is appropriate to develop and test concepts in an organismal context, areas of difference have not been evaluated. here we show that the major immediate early protein 1 (ie1) in mcmv binds the re ...200818264718
impact of clonal competition for peptide-mhc complexes on the cd8+ t-cell repertoire selection in a persistent viral infection.cd8(+) t-cell responses to persistent viral infections are characterized by the accumulation of an oligoclonal t-cell repertoire and a reduction in the naive t-cell pool. however, the precise mechanism for this phenomenon remains elusive. here we show that human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific cd8(+) t cells recognizing distinct epitopes from the pp65 protein and restricted through an identical hla class i allele (hla b*3508) exhibited either a highly conserved public t-cell repertoire or a priv ...200818270323
recombinant viruses as tools to study human cytomegalovirus immune modulation.infections with cytomegaloviruses are characterized by an intricate balance between the expression of immunomodulatory viral proteins and antiviral immune defence. for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), several proteins have been described that interfere with the recognition of infected cells by cd8 t lymphocytes. although the modes of action of these proteins have been elucidated on the molecular level, thus rendering them useful models to understand mhc class i peptide loading and transport, their ...200818301917
phenoxazine derivatives inactivate human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, and herpes simplex virus-2 in vitro.we examined whether phenoxazine derivatives, 2-amino-4,4alpha-dihydro-4alpha-7-dimethyl-3h-phenoxazine-3-one (phx-1), 3-amino-1,4alpha-dihydro-4alpha-8-dimethyl-2h-phenoxazine-2-one (phx-2), and 2-amino-phenoxazine-3-one (phx-3) may have antiviral activity against herpes family viruses: human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the antiviral activity was evaluated by the selectivity index (si), which is the ratio of 50% cytotoxic ...200818319567
functional impairment of cytomegalovirus specific cd8 t cells predicts high-level replication after renal transplantation.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) remains an important cause of morbidity after allotransplantation, causing a range of direct effects including hepatitis, pneumonitis, enteritis and retinitis. a dominant risk factor for hcmv disease is high level viral replication in blood but it remains unexplained why only a subset of patients develop such diseases. in this detailed study of 25 renal transplant recipients, we show that functional impairment of hcmv specific cd8 t cells in the production of interfe ...200818325078
human cytomegalovirus infection and antiviral immunity in septic patients without canonical immunosuppression.the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a relevant pathogen in patients with immunosuppressive therapy; however, reactivation and subsequent recurrence occurs also in individuals without canonical immunosuppression as e.g., in patients with septic shock. analyzing the impact of nk- and t-cell immunity on the natural course of hcmv infection in patients with septic shock, it became clear that the presence of hcmv reactive t-helper cells did not prevent the development of reactivation but, the control ...200818327609
human cytomegalovirus serum neutralizing antibodies block virus infection of endothelial/epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts, early during primary infection.a panel of human sera exhibited a >or=128-fold higher neutralizing potency against a human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) clinical isolate propagated and tested in endothelial (or epithelial) cells than against the same virus infecting human fibroblasts. in a group of 18 primary infections, the reverse geometric mean titre was in the range of 10-15 in human fibroblasts within the first 3 months after the onset of infection, whereas the endothelial cell infection-neutralizing activity was already present ...200818343825
induction of an epithelial integrin alphavbeta6 in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells leads to activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 and increased collagen production.human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a major cause of morbidity in immunosuppressed individuals, and congenital cmv infection is a leading cause of birth defects in newborns. infection with pathogenic viral strains alters cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, affecting extracellular matrix remodeling and endothelial cell migration. the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1 regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. secreted ...200818349127
nuclear localization sequences in cytomegalovirus capsid assembly proteins (ul80 proteins) are required for virus production: inactivating nls1, nls2, or both affects replication to strikingly different extents.scaffolding proteins of spherical prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses have critical roles in capsid assembly. the primary scaffolding components of cytomegalovirus, called the assembly protein precursor (pap, pul80.5) and the maturational protease precursor (ppr, pul80a), contain two nuclear localization sequences (nls1 and nls2), at least one of which is required in coexpression experiments to translocate the major capsid protein (mcp, pul85) into the nucleus. in the work reported here, we have ...200818353959
human cytomegalovirus infection induces a rapid and sustained change in the expression of nk cell receptors on cd8+ t cells.the cd8(+) t cell compartment of human cmv-seropositive individuals characteristically contains a high proportion of cells that express nk cell receptors (nkrs) which may contribute to the surveillance of virus-infected cells. to test whether this enhanced expression is a direct and immediate result of cmv infection, we used dna microarrays to analyze putative changes in the rna expression level of 39 nkrs in cmv-specific cd8(+) t cells of renal transplant recipients experiencing primary cmv inf ...200818354177
human cmv infection of endothelial cells induces an angiogenic response through viral binding to egf receptor and beta1 and beta3 integrins.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is associated with atherosclerosis, transplant vascular sclerosis, and coronary restenosis. a common theme in these vascular diseases is an increased rate of angiogenesis. angiogenesis is a complex biological process mediated by endothelial cell (ec) proliferation, migration, and morphogenesis. although angiogenesis is a normal process in the host, its dysregulation, after viral infection or injury to the vessel wall, is associated with plaque development i ...200818375753
multimerization of tegument protein pp28 within the assembly compartment is required for cytoplasmic envelopment of human cytomegalovirus.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul99-encoded pp28 is an essential tegument protein required for envelopment and production of infectious virus. nonenveloped virions accumulate in the cytoplasm of cells infected with recombinant viruses with the ul99 gene deleted. previous results have suggested that a key function of pp28 in the envelopment of infectious hcmv is expressed after the protein localizes in the assembly compartment (ac). in this study, we investigated the potential role of pp28 multimer ...200818385241
human cytomegalovirus dnaemia and preemptive treatment of cmv infection in children after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: is any question settled? 200818398062
comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), real-time pcr and viral culture for the detection of cytomegalovirus in subgingival samples.the purpose of this study was to compare nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), real-time pcr, and shell vial for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in subgingival samples in periodontitis patients.200818402611
tnf receptor independent activation of the cytomegalovirus major immediate early enhancer in response to transplantation.reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is a significant risk factor for long term allograft dysfunction. the molecular pathways involved in reactivation of latent virus have not been identified. previous studies suggested that tumor necrosis factor (tnf) -mediated activation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in b-cells (nf-kappa b) leading to transcriptional reactivation of viral immediate early (ie) gene expression might be important in transplant ...200818408586
human cytomegalovirus secretome contains factors that induce angiogenesis and wound healing.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is implicated in the acceleration of a number of vascular diseases including transplant vascular sclerosis (tvs), the lesion associated with chronic rejection (cr) of solid organ transplants. although the virus persists in the allograft throughout the course of disease, few cells are directly infected by cmv. this observation is in contrast to the global effects that cmv has on the acceleration of tvs/cr, suggesting that cmv infection indirectly promotes the vascular ...200818448536
microarrays for the study of viral gene expression during human cytomegalovirus latent infection.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is one of the largest known dna viruses. it is ubiquitous, and following resolution of primary productive infection, it persists in the human host by establishing a lifelong latent infection in myeloid lineage cells such as monocytes and their progenitors. most adults with hcmv infection are healthy but it can cause neurologic deficits in infants, and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient. microarray-based studies of hc ...200818453089
serine peptide phosphoester prodrugs of cyclic cidofovir: synthesis, transport, and antiviral activity.cidofovir (hpmpc, 1), a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, is currently used to treat aids-related human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) retinitis and has recognized therapeutic potential for orthopox virus infections, but is limited by its low oral bioavailability. cyclic cidofovir (2) displays decreased nephrotoxicity compared to 1, while also exhibiting potent antiviral activity. here we describe in detail the synthesis and evaluation as prodrugs of four chpmpc dipeptide conjugates in which the free poh ...200818481868
molecular dissection of the human b cell response against cytomegalovirus infection by lambda display.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a ubiquitous herpesvirus, is the main cause of congenital abnormalities and mental retardation in newborns and is also responsible for severe life-threatening complications in immunocompromised individuals, including aids patients and transplant recipients. the disorders generated by cytomegalovirus are closely associated with the competence of the host immune system and both humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms are involved in the response to viral infection. to id ...200818499273
expression of seap (secreted alkaline phosphatase) by baculovirus mediated transduction of hek 293 cells in a hollow fiber bioreactor system.a bacmam baculovirus was designed in our laboratory to express the reporter protein secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) driven by the immediate early promoter of human cytomegalovirus promoter (cmv). in vitro tests have been carried out using this recombinant baculovirus to study the secreted protein in two cell lines and under various culture conditions. the transductions were carried out on two commonly used mammalian cell lines namely the human embryonic kidney (hek 293a) and chinese hamster ...200818499293
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate human cytomegalovirus lytic gene expression.this paper describes the development of four reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays devised to evaluate lytic (ul123, immediate-early; ul54, early; ul65, late; and ul99, true late) human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) transcripts. subsequently, the assays have been validated evaluating the hcmv lytic gene expression in 28 samples (peripheral blood leukocytes, pbls) from 14 renal transplant recipients. although the assessment of hcmv transcriptional profile could be useful to eva ...200818516703
the expression of human brain vascular smooth muscle cell at receptor after the ul83 gene of hcmv inhibition by small interfering rnas.to explore the role of angiotensin receptors (at1 and at2) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection in atherosclerosis, and to observe effect of hcmv ul83 gene on angiotensin receptor at receptors.200818534055
polymorphisms within human cytomegalovirus chemokine (ul146/ul147) and cytokine receptor genes (ul144) are not predictive of sequelae in congenitally infected children.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) viral chemokine, ul146, and tnf alpha-like receptor ul144 genes show a high degree of hypervariability in clinical isolates. these proteins are predicted to be immune modulators and may contribute to the pathogenesis of hcmv infections. we analyzed the ul146 and ul144 genetic variation of 51 hcmv isolates from congenitally infected children and 13 isolates from children in childcare. there was no statistically significant correlation between ul146 and ul144 genotypes ...200818556037
rapid semiquantitative real-time pcr for the detection of human cytomegalovirus ul97 mutations conferring ganciclovir resistance.the development of infections with ganciclovir (gcv)-resistant human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) remains a serious problem in recipients of stem cell or organ transplants. nearly all gcv-resistant clinical isolates have mutations in the viral ul97 gene. the rapid detection of gcv-resistant hcmv infections is necessary and the relative proportions of wild-type and mutant strains are predictive for the efficiency of antiviral therapy. to date, genotypical resistance screening has been limited to restri ...200818572760
human cytomegalovirus dna replication: antiviral targets and drugs.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is associated with severe morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, in particular transplant recipients and aids patients, and is the most frequent congenital viral infection in humans. there are currently five drugs approved for hcmv treatment: ganciclovir and its prodrug valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir and fomivirsen. these drugs have provided a major advance in hcmv disease management, but they suffer from poor bioavailability, signi ...200818027349
immunoassay with cytomegalovirus early antigens from gene products p52 and cm2 (ul44 and ul57) detects active infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.to investigate whether the use of recombinant early antigens for detection of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gene products cm(2) (ul44, ul57) and p52 (ul44) is specific in the diagnosis and differentiation of active hcmv infection in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs), a diagnosis which is often missed by the current elisa assay that uses crude viral lysate antigen.200818037660
valproic acid interferes with antiviral treatment in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells.the endothelium represents a natural site of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection involved in viral spreading and persistence. moreover, hcmv infection of endothelial cells has been associated with different pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. here, the influence of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (vpa) was investigated on hcmv replication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells alone or in combination with the antiviral drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet.200818006438
the infection of human primary cells and cell lines by human cytomegalovirus: new tropism and new reservoirs for hcmv.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is asymptomatic in common persons and could reactive in immunosuppression groups. hcmv was considered as endothelial cells (ec) tropism and leukocyte tropism. we hypothesized that hcmv will infect other cell types from human which have not been reported yet. the hcmv released from human mrc-5 was inoculated into eight human primary cells and cell lines, including human dermal fibroblasts (hdf), human embryo-chondrocytes (hec), human embryo-myoblasts (hem), ...200817963941
high prevalence of an active cytomegalovirus infection in the appendix of immunocompetent patients with acute appendicitis.appendicitis is a very common surgical diagnosis with unclear pathology. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can modulate our immune system and has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and various other inflammatory diseases.200817973298
cd4+ t cells specific for glycoprotein b from cytomegalovirus exhibit extreme conservation of t-cell receptor usage between different individuals.antigen-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells often demonstrate extreme conservation of t-cell receptor (tcr) usage between different individuals, but similar characteristics have not been documented for cd4(+) t cells. cd4(+) t cells predominantly have a helper immune role, but a cytotoxic cd4(+) t-cell subset has been characterized, and we have studied the cytotoxic cd4(+) t-cell response to a peptide from human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b presented through hla-drb*0701. we show that this pepti ...200817986665
regulated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral gene products: a therapeutic target?the study of viral proteins and host cell factors that interact with them has represented an invaluable contribution to understanding of the physiology as well as associated pathology of key eukaryotic cell processes such as cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and transformation. similarly, knowledge of nucleocytoplasmic transport is based largely on pioneering studies performed on viral proteins that enabled the first sequences responsible for the facilitated transport through the nuclea ...200817933596
expression of a human cytomegalovirus latency-associated homolog of interleukin-10 during the productive phase of infection.the human cytomegalovirus ul111a region is active during both productive and latent phases of infection. during productive infection, the virus expresses orf79, a protein with oncogenic properties, and cmvil-10, a functional homolog of human il-10. during latent infection of myeloid progenitor cells, an alternately spliced variant of cmvil-10, termed latency-associated (la) cmvil-10 has previously been identified. to determine whether lacmvil-10 transcription occurs during productive infection, ...200817942134
inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinases at the beginning of human cytomegalovirus infection specifically alters the levels and localization of the rna polymerase ii carboxyl-terminal domain kinases cdk9 and cdk7 at the viral transcriptosome.we previously reported that defined components of the host transcription machinery are recruited to human cytomegalovirus immediate-early (ie) transcription sites, including cdk9 and cdk7 (s. tamrakar, a. j. kapasi, and d. h. spector, j. virol. 79:15477-15493, 2005). in this report, we further document the complexity of this site, referred to as the transcriptosome, through identification of additional resident proteins, including viral ul69 and cellular cyclin t1, brd4, histone deacetylase 1 (h ...200817942543
accumulation of substrates of the anaphase-promoting complex (apc) during human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with the phosphorylation of cdh1 and the dissociation and relocalization of apc subunits.cell cycle dysregulation upon human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection of human fibroblasts is associated with the inactivation of the anaphase-promoting complex (apc), a multisubunit e3 ubiquitin ligase, and accumulation of its substrates. here, we have further elucidated the mechanism(s) by which hcmv-induced inactivation of the apc occurs. our results show that cdh1 accumulates in a phosphorylated form that may prevent its association with and activation of the apc. the accumulation of cdh1, bu ...200817942546
characterization of the human cytomegalovirus gh/gl/ul128-131 complex that mediates entry into epithelial and endothelial cells.the entry of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) into biologically relevant epithelial and endothelial cells involves endocytosis followed by low-ph-dependent fusion. this entry pathway is facilitated by the hcmv ul128, ul130, and ul131 proteins, which form one or more complexes with the virion envelope glycoprotein gh/gl. gh/gl/ul128-131 complexes appear to be distinct from the gh/gl/go complex, which likely facilitates entry into fibroblasts. in order to better understand the assembly and protein-pro ...200817942555
expression of gdnf transgene in astrocytes improves cognitive deficits in aged rats.glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) was assayed for its neurotrophic effects against the neuronal atrophy that causes cognitive deficits in old age. aged fisher 344 rats with impairment in the morris water maze received intrahippocampal injections at the dorsal ca1 area of either a lentiviral vector encoding human gdnf or the same vector encoding human green fluorescent protein as a control. recombinant lentiviral vectors constructed with human cytomegalovirus promotor and pseudot ...200817399854
evaluation of the presence of selected viral and bacterial nucleic acids in pericardial samples from dogs with or without idiopathic pericardial effusion.many viruses have been identified in pericardial fluid and in tissue samples from humans with pericarditis by means of molecular diagnostics. in canine idiopathic pericardial effusion there is as yet no conclusive evidence to support the involvement of an infectious agent. this study was designed to investigate a possible relationship between idiopathic pericardial effusion in dogs and viruses most commonly encountered in humans affected with viral pericarditis. coxsackievirus b3 rna, influenza ...200917959400
clonotype analysis of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes.cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) control the replication of human cytomegalovirus (cmv). previous studies assessed the clonotypic composition of ctl specific for individual immunodominant peptides within a certain hla context. such an approach has inherent limitations and may not assess the true clonal ctl response in vivo. here, the clonotypic composition of cmv-specific ctl was determined in hla-a2, cmv-seropositive kidney transplant recipients and healthy blood donors after stimulation of periph ...200918799721
clinical correlations of human cytomegalovirus strains and viral load in kidney transplant recipients.little is known about clinical differences associated with cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection by distinct strains in renal transplant patients. different clinical pictures may be associated with specific viral genotypes, viral load, as well as host factors. the objective of this study was to identify cmv strains to determine viral load (antigenemia), and their correlation with clinical data in renal transplant recipients. seventy-one patients were enrolled, comprising 91 samples. after selection, p ...200918824137
enhanced oncolytic potency of vesicular stomatitis virus through vector-mediated inhibition of nk and nkt cells.recombinant oncolytic viruses represent a promising alternative option for the treatment of malignant cancers. we have reported earlier the safety and efficacy of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vectors in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). however, the full potential of vsv therapy is limited by a sudden decline in intratumoral virus replication observed early after viral administration, a phenomenon that coincides with an accumulation of inflammatory cells within infec ...200918846115
occupational risk of human cytomegalovirus and parvovirus b19 infection in female day care personnel in the netherlands; a study based on seroprevalence.cytomegalovirus (cmv) and parvovirus b19 infections acquired during pregnancy may result in developmental disabilities of the foetus. this study evaluates the occupational risk of these infections in female day care personnel. igg seroprevalence was determined in 310 dutch day care workers and 158 nursing school students. cmv seroprevalence was age-related, starting at 21% in those <20 years and reaching 65% in those >35 years. between the ages of 20 and 24 years the cmv prevalence was higher in ...200918850120
pbt, a novel vector for tetracycline-regulated yeast three-hybrid assay.a novel yeast three-hybrid (y3h) vector pbt was developed, which contains a tetracycline (tet)-sensitive transactivator (tta) expression unit and a tet-responsive element (tre)-driven 3rd protein expression unit within a single plasmid. to optimize tta expression levels, several promoters for driving tta expression were tested, and the weakest human cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter showed the best induction/background ratio. culturing yeast cells in different doses of doxycycline (dox) resulted in ...200919050013
toll-like receptor 3 has no critical role during early immune response of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells after infection with the human cytomegalovirus strain tb40e.toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognize an increasingly broad range of pathogens, thus demonstrating the importance of these pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) in host defense. here, the role of tlr3 in the interaction of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modcs) with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was investigated by using the tb40e strain, which actively replicates in modcs. microarray analysis and quantitative real-time pcr revealed that tb40e infection of modcs led to changes in the gene express ...200919951172
efficient inhibition of human cytomegalovirus ul122 gene expression in cell by small interfering rnas.in order to develop a gene therapy to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), rna interference (rnai) was employed to inhibit the expression of hcmv ul122 gene in vitro. recombinant vector pul122-egfp, which expressed ul122-egfp fusion protein, and recombinant vectors psi122-1, psi122-2 and psi122-3, which expressed small interfering rnas (sirnas) targeted to ul122 were contransfected into ad293 cells. the fluorescence signal of pul122-egfp was greatly suppressed by psi122-1 and psi122-2, with an inhibito ...200919810036
the r753q polymorphism abrogates toll-like receptor 2 signaling in response to human cytomegalovirus.toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) serves as a pattern recognition receptor that signals the presence of cytomegalovirus. herein, we report that r753q polymorphism paralyzes tlr2-mediated immune signaling in cells exposed to cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. this immunologic impairment could serve as a biologic mechanism underlying the association between the tlr2 r753q polymorphism and cytomegalovirus disease in humans.200919814623
detection of herpetic viruses in gingival crevicular fluid of patients suffering from periodontal diseases: prevalence and effect of treatment.although the role of bacteria in the etiology of periodontitis is well established, it has been suggested that herpetic viruses could contribute to the initiation and progression of this disease. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) samples obtained from periodontally healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients. in addition, the effect of periodontal tre ...200919832804
cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b gene polymorphism and its association with clinical presentations in infants.the clinical manifestations in cytomegalovirus infected-infants vary from asymptomatic illness to highly fatal cytomegalic inclusion disease. the influence of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) strains on the outcome of hcmv disease is poorly explored. the present study was undertaken to explore the role of gb genotypes with clinical features in infants with clinically suspected hcmv disease. urine samples of 71 infants (age < 1 year) with clinically suspected hcmv disease were subjected to amplificat ...200919842410
multicenter quality control study for human cytomegalovirus dnaemia quantification.standardized protocols and methods for virological monitoring are mandatory for the correct surveillance of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection in transplanted patients receiving pre-emptive therapy. fifteen italian viral diagnostic laboratories belonging to different transplantation centers participated in the external quality control programme for molecular diagnostics of hcmv-dna by using two in-house and five commercial methods for hcmv-dna quantification. the different methods shared 100 ...200919845106
interplay between herpesvirus infection and host defense by pml nuclear bodies.in recent studies we and others have identified the cellular proteins pml, hdaxx, and sp100, which form a subnuclear structure known as nuclear domain 10 (nd10) or pml nuclear bodies (pml-nbs), as host restriction factors that counteract herpesviral infections by inhibiting viral replication at different stages. the antiviral function of nd10, however, is antagonized by viral regulatory proteins (e.g., icp0 of herpes simplex virus; ie1 of human cytomegalovirus) which induce either a modification ...200921994592
proteasome inhibitor differentially regulates expression of the major immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus in human central nervous system-derived cell lines.proteasome inhibitor, which inhibits nf-kappab activation, has been reported to activate c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk)-c-jun pathway. in this study, we investigated the effects of proteasome inhibitor on the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate early (mie) gene expression in human central nervous system (cns)-derived cell lines. treatment of hcmv-infected 118mgc glioma and u373-mg astrocytoma cells with three proteasome inhibitors, mg132, clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone, and epoxomicin, ...200919201384
cytomegaloviral protein kinase pul97 interacts with the nuclear mrna export factor pul69 to modulate its intranuclear localization and activity.human cytomegalovirus encodes a number of phosphorylation-regulated proteins, including the autophosphorylating protein kinase pul97 and the nuclear mrna export factor pul69. recently, it was reported that the kinase inhibitor roscovitine induces an intranuclear aggregation of pul69 in infected fibroblasts. here, we demonstrate that pul97-specific kinase inhibitors induce a similar pul69 aggregation. furthermore, a direct pul69-pul97 interaction was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation analyses ...200919218201
cytomegaloviral proteins that associate with the nuclear lamina: components of a postulated nuclear egress complex.the nuclear egress of cytomegaloviral capsids traversing the nuclear envelope is dependent on a locally restricted destabilization of the rigid nuclear lamina. it has been suggested that the multi-component nuclear egress complex (nec) that is formed is comprised of both viral and cellular proteins which act to recruit lamin-phosphorylating protein kinases. recently, we reported that the lamina-associated human cytomegalovirus-encoded proteins pul50 and pul53, conserved among herpesviruses, inte ...200919218202
4-benzyloxy-gamma-sultone derivatives: discovery of a novel family of non-nucleoside inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus.we report the synthesis and antiviral activity of a new family of non-nucleoside antivirals, derived from the 4-keto-1,2-oxathiole-2,2-dioxide (beta-keto-gamma-sultone) heterocyclic system. several 4- and 5-substituted-5h-1,2-oxathiole-2,2-dioxide derivatives were found to have a selective inhibitory activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) replication in vitro, being inactive against a variety of other dna and rna viruses. a structure-activity relationship ...200919226140
neuroprotective effect of herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer of erythropoietin in hyperglycemic dorsal root ganglion neurons.we examined the efficacy of herpes simplex virus vector-mediated gene transfer of erythropoietin in preventing neuropathy in mouse model of streptozotocin-diabetes. a replication-incompetent herpes simplex virus vector with erythropoietin under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter (vector dhepo) was constructed. dhepo expressed and released erythropoietin from primary dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro, and following subcutaneous inoculation in the foot, expressed erythropoietin ...200919244253
seroprevalence and risk factors of human cytomegalovirus infection in the eastern chinese population.epidemiology and clinical outcomes of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection are known to vary between countries and are associated with socio-economic background. so far, few data are available from developing countries, where the overall burden of infectious diseases is frequently higher. therefore, we analyzed the seroprevalence in a population of 3,740 individuals selected randomly from eastern china, aiming to determine the seroprevalence of and risk factors for hcmv infection. the overall ...200919263193
human cytomegalovirus us9 protein contains an n-terminal signal sequence and a c-terminal mitochondrial localization domain, and does not alter cellular sensitivity to apoptosis.the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) us2-us11 genomic region contains a cluster of genes whose products interfere with antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins. although included in this cluster, the us9 gene encodes a glycoprotein that does not affect mhc activity and whose function is still largely uncharacterized. an in silico analysis of the us9 amino-acid sequence uncovered the presence of an n-terminal signal sequence (ss) and a c-terminal transmembrane domain ...200919264602
human cytomegalovirus infection downregulates the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human glioblastoma u373mg cells: identification of viral genes and protein domains involved.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) has tropism for glial cells, among many other cell types. it was reported previously that the stable expression of hcmv immediate-early protein 1 (ie1) could dramatically reduce the rna level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), an astroglial cell-specific intermediate filament protein, which is progressively lost with an increase in glioma malignancy. to understand this phenomenon in the context of virus infection, a human glioblastoma cell line, u373mg, was i ...200919264642
brefeldin a inhibits expression of dna packaging proteins and nucleocapsid formation of human cytomegalovirus.in this study we used the fungal antibiotic brefeldin a (bfa) to analyze its effect on viral replication. analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated that no viral particles were observed in cells treated before the onset of viral replication. in the presence of bfa expression of ie2, mcp, pul104, pul56 and pul89 were reduced, while no or slight effect was observed on expression of pp65, pul44 and pul57. strikingly, real time pcr revealed that de novo viral dna synthesis is reduced but not comp ...200919285980
identification of multiple sites suitable for insertion of foreign genes in herpes simplex virus genomes.information on sites in hsv genomes at which foreign gene(s) can be inserted without disrupting viral genes or affecting properties of the parental virus are important for basic research on hsv and development of hsv-based vectors for human therapy. the intergenic region between hsv-1 ul3 and ul4 genes has been reported to satisfy the requirements for such an insertion site. the ul3 and ul4 genes are oriented toward the intergenic region and, therefore, insertion of a foreign gene(s) into the re ...200919302526
activation of telomerase in glioma cells by human cytomegalovirus: another piece of the puzzle. 200919318630
fatal ongoing human cytomegalovirus reactivation during high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) reactivation can cause a wide range of complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, ranging from pneumonia to graft failure. although reactivations are usually seen in the early post-transplant period, ongoing and untreated hcmv reactivation at the time of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support is an exceedingly rare circumstance whose consequences remain largely unknown. this case report describes a patient who underwent high-dose ...200919319946
inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) expression by human cytomegalovirus correlates with an increase in the expression and binding of wilms' tumour 1 protein to the egfr promoter.infection with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) modulates the expression of a number of cellular receptors and is known to inhibit expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), a cell surface receptor that can promote cell proliferation through a cascade of intracellular signalling events. we have examined the mechanisms by which hcmv mediates downregulation of egfr expression and show that virus infection results in the profound upregulation of wilms' tumour 1 (wt1) protein, a transcri ...200919321755
gene-specific transcriptional activation mediated by the p150 subunit of the chromatin assembly factor 1.chromatin assembly factor 1 contains three subunits, p150, p60, and p48. it is essential for coupling nucleosome assembly to newly synthesized dna. whether chromatin assembly factor 1 subunits have functions beyond escorting histones, which depends on the complex formation of p150 and p60, has been an issue of great interest. this study reveals a novel role of p150, but not p60, in gene-specific transcriptional activation. we found that p150 transcriptionally activated an essential viral promote ...200919324875
enhanced delivery and expression of a nanoencapsulated dna vaccine vector for respiratory syncytial virus.this study evaluated the efficiency of chitosan-encapsulated dna-based respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine. antigenic regions of rsv f, m2, and g genes were cloned into the human cytomegalovirus promoter-based constitutive expression vector, resulting in a dna vaccine vector named dr-fm2g. this vector was used to formulate dna-chitosan nanoparticles (dcnps) using a complex coacervation process that yielded an encapsulation efficiency of 94.7%. the dcnp sizes ranged from 80 to 150 nm with u ...200919341819
human cytomegalovirus targets different subsets of antigen-presenting cells with pathological consequences for host immunity: implications for immunosuppression, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with an impaired immune system. the virus itself can cause transitory but significant immunosuppression in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised infected individuals. besides immunosuppression, hcmv-infected patients often develop other signs of immune dysfunction, such as autoimmune phenomena. signs of active viral infection have also been identified in inflammatory lesions in a number of autoi ...200919367559
towards a novel vaccine against human cytomegalovirus based on a chimeric ad5f35 adenovirus vector expressing the immunodominant antigenic domain 1 epitope.antibodies induced from glycoprotein b (gb) by antigenic domain (ad)-1 demonstrate broad neutralizing activity across different human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) types. this study aimed to prepare a novel hcmv vaccine using the modified adenoviral vector ad5f35 to direct the expression of the conserved hcmv epitope ad-1 and to determine its transfer and expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs).200919372702
use of a gfp-pml-expressing cell line as a biosensor for human cytomegalovirus infection.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection has a marked effect on promyelocytic leukemia (pml) bodies. here, we describe a novel real-time monitoring system for hcmv-infected cells in vitro using a newly established cell line that stably expresses gfp-pml protein. upon infection, hcmv causes specific dispersion of gfp-pml bodies, thereby allowing the infected cells to be monitored by fluorescence microscopy without immunostaining. quantitative protocols using either an npb fluorescence assay or a gf ...200919378119
all for one and one for all: herpesviral micrornas close in on their prey.herpesviruses subvert immune cell activation by inhibiting nk cell receptor (nkg2d)-activating ligands such as micb. a human cytomegalovirus microrna was recently shown to repress micb expression. nachmani et al. (2009) extend this finding to two other human herpesviruses, providing evidence for a conserved functional role of viral micrornas despite no sequence conservation among them.200919380110
diverse herpesvirus micrornas target the stress-induced immune ligand micb to escape recognition by natural killer cells.herpesviruses are known for their persistent lifelong latent infection, which is made possible by their vast repertoire of immune-evasion strategies. we have previously shown that a human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) microrna represses expression of the stress-induced natural killer (nk) cell ligand, micb, to escape recognition and consequent elimination by nk cells. here, we show functional conservation among diverse micrornas derived from different herpesviruses, including hcmv, kaposi's sarcoma-ass ...200919380116
epidemiology of human cytomegalovirus strains through comparison of methodological approaches to explore gn variants.genomic variation among human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) wild-type strains is a well-documented phenomenon probably implicated in hcmv-induced immunopathogenesis. extensive genetic polymorphism has been detected for the envelope glycoprotein n (gn) and hcmv clinical isolates have been clustered into seven distinct gn variants (gn-1, gn-2, gn-3a, gn-3b, gn-4a, gn-4b, gn-4c). several studies from different research groups worldwide have addressed this topic using different methodological approaches (p ...200919382663
an assessment of donor-to-recipient transmission patterns of human cytomegalovirus by analysis of viral genomic variants.we studied human cytomegalovirus (cmv) donor-to-recipient transmission patterns in organ transplantation by analyzing genomic variants on the basis of cmv glycoprotein b (gb) genotyping.200919385736
posttranscriptional regulatory elements enhance antigen expression and dna vaccine efficacy.in higher eukaryotes, introns are usually required for efficient pre-mrna processing. however, some viruses have alternative approaches involving posttranscriptional regulatory elements (pres) to enhance intronless heterologous gene expression through enabling stability and 3' end formation, and to facilitate the nucleocytoplasmic export of unspliced mrnas. in the current study, we compared the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate/early (ie) introna, as well as virus-derived pres-the pre of he ...200919388846
onset of human cytomegalovirus replication in fibroblasts requires the presence of an intact vimentin cytoskeleton.like all viruses, herpesviruses extensively interact with the host cytoskeleton during entry. while microtubules and microfilaments appear to facilitate viral capsid transport toward the nucleus, evidence for a role of intermediate filaments in herpesvirus entry is lacking. here, we examined the function of vimentin intermediate filaments in fibroblasts during the initial phase of infection of two genotypically distinct strains of human cytomegalovirus (cmv), one with narrow (ad169) and one with ...200919403668
generalized wegener's granulomatosis in an immunocompetent adult after cytomegalovirus mononucleosis and bacterial urinary tract infection.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is frequently detected in autoimmune diseases, but its role in such disorders is poorly understood. herein we describe the case of a young woman who developed generalized wegener's granulomatosis (wg) after hcmv mononucleosis and urinary tract infection. during mononucleosis, the patient had extraordinarily high plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-5 and lymphotoxin alpha, autoantibodies, and a higher blood level of viral dna than were found ...200919404959
monitoring of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b genotypes using real-time quantitative pcr in immunocompromised chinese patients.based on sequence variation in the n-terminus of glycoprotein b (gb), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can be classified into four gbn genotypes, and these genotypes are associated with different clinical outcomes. the distribution of gbn genotypes and the level of gbn dna load were examined in immunocompromised chinese patients using real-time quantitative pcr. in addition, the pcr and pp65 antigenemia results were compared. in 1480 specimens, 81.4% were antigen-positive, 12.6% were pcr-positive. t ...200919406161
alkoxyalkyl prodrugs of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates enhance oral antiviral activity and reduce toxicity: current state of the art.although the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir and tenofovir are approved for treating human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b and hiv infections, respectively, their utility is limited by low oral bioavailability, renal toxicity and poor cell penetration. research over the past decade has shown that these undesirable features can be eliminated by esterifying the compounds with an alkoxyalkyl group, in effect disguising them as lysophospholipids. in this modified form, the drugs are ...200919425198
[human cytomegalovirus-encoded us28 stimulates the creb related transcriptional activity].to observe the effect of the human cytomegalovirus(hcmv)-encoded chemokine receptor homolog us28 on the human transcription factor creb related transcriptional activity.200919426590
anti-inflammatory cembranolides from the soft coral lobophytum durum.chemical investigation of the soft coral lobophytum durum resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranolides, durumolides f-l (1-7), as well as one previously characterized cembranolides, sinularolide d (8). the molecular structures of these isolated metabolites were determined mainly through nmr techniques and hresims analysis. moreover, the absolute configurations of 1 and 5 were established by application of modified mosher's method. the antibacterial activities, anti-inflammatory effects, ...200919433363
function of human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase in viral infection and its inhibition by maribavir.the serine/threonine kinase expressed by human cytomegalovirus from gene ul97 phosphorylates the antiviral drug ganciclovir, but its biological function is the phosphorylation of its natural viral and cellular protein substrates which affect viral replication at many levels. the ul97 kinase null phenotype is therefore complex, as is the mechanism of action of maribavir, a highly specific inhibitor of its enzymatic activity. studies that utilise the drug corroborate results from genetic approache ...200919434630
dependence of the localization and function of the human cytomegalovirus protein us6 on the transporter associated with antigen processing.human cytomegalovirus protein us6 inhibits the transporter associated with antigen processing (tap), which transports peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (er) for binding to major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. we demonstrate that, in tap-deficient cells, us6 is retained in the er and binds to calnexin, but does not inhibit cell-surface expression of hla-a201, an mhc class i allele that binds to peptides whose import into the er is tap-independent. furthermore, in tap-po ...200919439551
[cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy].primary and recurrent infections of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can occur during pregnancy. both can result congenital infection, the leading infectious cause of mental retardation, sensorineural deafness and visual impairment. intrauterine transmission of hcmv and adverse outcome are mainly related to primary maternal infection. however, there is an increasing evidence that incidence of symptomatic infections in infants born to immune mothers is higher than previously thought. therefore the op ...200919443304
lytic infection of permissive cells with human cytomegalovirus is regulated by an intrinsic 'pre-immediate-early' repression of viral gene expression mediated by histone post-translational modification.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) lytic gene expression occurs in a regulated cascade, initiated by expression of the viral major immediate-early (ie) proteins. transcribed from the major ie promoter (miep), the major ie genes regulate viral early and late gene expression. this study found that a substantial proportion of infecting viral genomes became associated with histones immediately upon infection of permissive fibroblasts at low m.o.i. and these histones bore markers of repressed chromatin. as ...200919515830
generation of monoclonal antibodies against human recombinant interferon beta using genetic immunization with simultaneous expression of igm and igg isotypes.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against human recombinant interferon beta (hrifnbeta) were generated by genetic immunization (gi). in order to test two viral promoters frequently used in mammalian expression plasmid vectors, mice were inoculated four times by intramuscular injection, without adjuvant, with 100 microg of either pcdna 3.1hrifnbeta or pzeosv2ifnbeta containing the entire human interferon beta gene and under the control of, respectively, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate-early pro ...200919519248
structural bases for the affinity-driven selection of a public tcr against a dominant human cytomegalovirus epitope.protective t cell responses elicited along chronic human cmv (hcmv) infections are sometimes dominated by cd8 t cell clones bearing highly related or identical public tcr in unrelated individuals. to understand the principles that guide emergence of these public t cell responses, we have performed structural, biophysical, and functional analyses of an immunodominant public tcr (ra14) directed against a major hla-a*0201-restricted hcmv ag (pp65(495-503)) and selected in vivo from a diverse repert ...200919542454
human cmv infection of porcine endothelial cells increases adhesion receptor expression and human leukocyte recruitment.potential xenozoonosis is a concern for the clinical application of xenotransplantation. human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is one of the most important pathogens in allotransplantation, but the consequences of hcmv cross-species infection of porcine xenografts are unknown. therefore, we investigated the effects of hcmv infection of porcine endothelial cells (pec) on cell surface molecule expression and human leukocyte recruitment.200919543055
novel cytomegaloviruses in free-ranging and captive great apes: phylogenetic evidence for bidirectional horizontal transmission.wild great apes often suffer from diseases of unknown aetiology. this is among the causes of population declines. because human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals, a search for cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) in deceased wild and captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans was performed. by using a degenerate pcr targeting four conserved genes (ul54-ul57), several distinct, previously unrecognized cmvs were found for each species. sequences of ...200919553394
significance of n-terminal proteolysis of ccl14a to activity on the chemokine receptors ccr1 and ccr5 and the human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor us28.the cc chemokine ccl14a is constitutively expressed in a large variety of tissues and its inactive proform ccl14a(1-74) circulates in high concentrations in plasma. ccl14a(1-74) is converted into ccl14a(9-74) by the proteases urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasmin and is a highly active agonist for the chemokine receptors ccr1 and ccr5. in this study, a new ccl14a analog, ccl14a(12-74), was isolated from blood filtrate. to elucidate the functional role of the n terminus, a panel of n-t ...200919553544
[human cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. 200919555577
enhanced monocyte fc phagocytosis by a homologue of interleukin-10 encoded by human cytomegalovirus.human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) expresses several homologues of human interleukin 10 (hil-10) possessing immunomodulatory properties which may promote viral infection by modulating the function of myeloid cells. we examined the phenotype and phagocytic capability of human monocytes exposed to hil-10, an hcmv-encoded hil-10 homologue expressed during the productive phase of infection (cmvil-10), and a differentially spliced form of cmvil-10 expressed during latent and productive phases of infection, ...200919564031
[construction of a dual-promoter expression plasmid delivered by salmonella choleraesuis c500].salmonella choleraesuis c500 strain is an attenuated vaccine preventing piglet from paratyphoid and can also be used as a live vector of other dna vaccines. through mucosal immunization, immune response to specific antigens carried by it can be induced. to enhance the immune efficiency of dna vaccine it carried, promoter ptrc was inserted into the down stream of the human cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate early promoter of eukaryotic expression plasmid pegfp-c1. then transcription terminator rrnbt ...200919621572
human cytomegalovirus seroprevalence and risk of seroconversion in a fertility clinic population.to retrospectively evaluate factors influencing human cytomegalovirus serologic status of couples consulting our fertility clinic.200919622989
evaluation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in lung transplant patients with human cytomegalovirus infection.we hypothesized that interleukin-6 (il-6) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) might serve as additional diagnostic parameter in lung transplant patients with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection. therefore, we compared il-6 levels in hcmv-positive vs. hcmv-negative patients. il-6 was measured by elisa in plasma and bal in 111 patients. furthermore, we investigated the influence of il-10 on il-6 production in hcmv-positive patients. for hcmv-dna detection in plasma and bal a quantitative ...200919624695
[human cytomegalovirus inhibits the differentiation of human hippocampus neural stem cells].the objective of present study is to investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection on human hippocampus neural stem cells nscs differentiation in vitro, fetal hippocampus tissue was dissociated mechanically and then cultured in proliferation medium with egf and bfgf. immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of nscs marker-nestin within these cells. cultured in 10% fbs, nscs began to differentiate. on the onset of the differentiation, hcmv ad169 (moi=5) was a ...200919634762
enhanced sumoylation of proteins containing a sumo-interacting motif by sumo-ubc9 fusion.identifying new targets for sumo and understanding the function of protein sumoylation are largely limited by low level of sumoylation. it was found recently that ubc9, the sumo e2 conjugating enzyme, is covalently modified by sumo at a lysine 14 in the n-terminal alpha helix, and that sumo-modified ubc9 has enhanced conjugation activity for certain target proteins containing a sumo-interacting motif (sim). here, we show that, compared to intact ubc9, the sumo-ubc9 fusion protein has higher conj ...200919635459
human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor homolog us28 stimulates the major immediate early gene promoter/enhancer via the induction of creb.the major immediate early (mie) gene of cytomegalovirus plays a key role in determining the activation and replication of cytomegalovirus, which represents the most important event signaling the onset of virus-induced disease relapse. the viral-encoded chemokine receptor homolog us28 can constitutively activate many cellular transcription factors, which can bind to the promoter/enhancer of the mie gene and activate its transcription. using reporter gene assays in hek293 cells, we found that us28 ...200919772393
Refresh
firstprev
...111213141516171819
nextlast
Displaying items 1601 - 1700 of 1885