Publications

human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 infection in infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the cervix: pcr analysis of 138 cases and correlation with histologic type and grade.	the authors investigated by pcr 138 infiltrating cervical adenocarcinoma (27 grade 1, 76 grade 2, and 35 grade 3) for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 and 18 infection. they included 95 (68.8%) mucinous and 43(31.2%) non-mucinous tumors. the overall prevalence of hpv infection was 84.8%; 28.3% of the cases were positive for hpv 16, 29.7% for hpv 18, and 26.8% for both hpvs. amplification of hpv 16 and 18 negative cases with consensus primers my09/my11 failed to yield any additional ...	1996	8701932
cloning of mucosal and cutaneous hpv sequences in a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from an epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is a dna tumor virus strongly associated with cervical neoplasias. there are over 80 different types of hpvs which can infect either mucosal or cutaneous tissue. cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (scc) associated with hpv are often seen in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). ev is characterized by cutaneous lesions that progress to scc upon uv exposure. in characterizing the hpv types associated with an unusually aggressive form of ev, we have cloned a ...	1996	8702229
[human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in sexual partners of women with condylomatous cervical dysplasia].	human papillomavirus (hpv) genital infection is a sexually transmitted disease that appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of various tumors of the genitourinary system, especially carcinoma of the uterine cervix. diagnosis and treatment of sexual partners of female carriers is fundamental in preventing reinfection after treatment.	1996	8702320
human papillomavirus in cyclophosphamide and diverticulum-associated squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder: a case report.	the association of cyclophosphamide therapy with the development of urothelial malignancy has been documented. bladder diverticula associated with squamous cell carcinoma were also identified. in addition, incorporation of human papillomavirus (hpv) deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) has been previously shown in urothelial carcinoma by in situ hybridization technique. here a case is reported of bladder squamous cell carcinoma occurring four years after intravenous pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide in ...	1996	8705886
the human papillomavirus e6/e7 genes induce discordant changes in the expression of cell growth regulatory proteins.	the e6/e7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 are responsible for the efficient immortalization of human genital keratinocytes and we have recently reported that such immortalized cells display alterations in the expression of cyclin a, cyclin b, and cdc-2. to determine whether these alterations were the consequence of e6/e7 protein expression or whether they resulted from the process of cellular immortalization, we multiply-infected primary genital keratinocytes with a re ...	1996	8706240
ucn-01: a potent abrogator of g2 checkpoint function in cancer cells with disrupted p53.	arrest of the cell cycle in g2 phase following dna damage helps protect cell viability by allowing time for dna repair before entry into mitosis (m phase). abrogation of g2 arrest sensitizes cells to the effects of dna-damaging agents. ucn-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine), a protein kinase c inhibitor that may block g2 checkpoint regulation, has been reported to enhance the cytotoxicity of mitomycin c, a known dna-damaging agent.	1996	8667426
characterization of a human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme gene ube2l3.	ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (e2s) are essential components of the post-translational protein ubiquitination pathway, mediating the transfer of activated ubiquitin to substrate proteins. we have identified a human gene, ube2l3, localized on chromosome (chr) 22q11. 2-13.1, encoding an e2 almost identical to that encoded by the recently described human l-ubc (ube2l1) gene present on chr 14q24.3. using chromosome-specific vectorette pcr, we have determined the intron/exon structure of ube2l3. in c ...	1996	8672131
mutant p53-induced immortalization of primary human mammary epithelial cells.	mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent genetic lesions in breast cancer, suggesting a critical role for p53 protein in normal mammary cell growth control. indeed, the p53-targeting human papillomavirus oncogene e6 induces efficient immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells (mecs). to assess whether selective loss of p53 is sufficient for mec immortalization, we introduced seven missense mutants and one single-amino acid deletion mutant (del239) of p53 into the 76n normal ...	1996	8674072
comparison of 35s and chemiluminescence for hpv in situ hybridization in carcinoma cell lines and on human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	for in situ hybridization (ish), development of sensitive, nontoxic alternatives to the use of radioactivity is a constant concern. in this trend, and close to chromogenes and fluorophores, chemiluminescence appears an attractive method. a first positive experience in immunocytochemistry and in ish, by using the enhanced luminol as luminogene substrate for horseradish peroxidase (hrp) led us to compare the sensitivity of 35s autoradiography and chemiluminescence. for this purpose, we used three ...	1996	8675987
high-risk human papillomavirus e6 protein has two distinct binding sites within p53, of which only one determines degradation.	human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 protein can inactivate tumor suppressor p53 by inducing its degradation. we now find that high-risk hpv e6 binds to p53 at two distinct sites; one is within the core structure of p53, and another is at the c terminus of p53. binding to the core of p53 is required for e6-mediated degradation, as shown by deletion analysis and the properties of a point mutant at residue 135. both low- and high-risk hpv e6 can bind to a c-terminal region of p53, but these interactions ...	1996	8676476
c/ebpbeta is a negative regulator of human papillomavirus type 11 in keratinocytes.	we have evaluated the impact of the ccaat enhancer-binding protein (c/ebp) transcription factors on human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv11). c/ebpbeta is in nuclei of cultured foreskin keratinocytes and binds its consensus sequence in hpv11 dna. we have used the novel approach of depleting the availability of c/ebps in vivo using nuclease-resistant oligomers containing c/ebp dna binding sites. in cultured foreskin keratinocytes containing replicating hpv11 dna, levels of both hpv11 transcripts and ...	1996	8676519
human papillomavirus in nonmelanoma skin cancer? the phylogenetic tree of the papillomavirus family is not yet complete.		1996	8678583
the regulation mechanism of c-jun and junb by human papillomavirus type 16 e5 oncoprotein.	in this study, we show that hpv-16 e5 induced anchorage-independent growth in immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes and that hpv-16 e5 in human keratinocytes had higher expression of c-jun and junb; also, we investigated the role of transcriptional initiation pathways in the expression elevation. in addition, ras-dependent pathway, as well as pkc-dependent pathway, leads to hpv-16 e5-induced c-jun gene expression.	1996	8678826
type 73 human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a novel association.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) commonly cause proliferative lesions of squamous epithelia, and infection with certain hpv types carries a high risk of malignant transformation, especially in the uterine cervix but also at other sites, including the esophagus. we used molecular techniques to detect and type hpv in an in situ squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus of a 39-year old woman.	1996	8640690
influence of human papillomavirus type 16 gene expression on in vitro differentiation of the human teratocarcinoma cell line 2102ep.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are known to infect human keratinocytes and cause alterations in epithelial differentiation. we showed in this study that expression of the hpv-16 genome was able to interfere with the in vitro differentiation of a human simple-epithelial cell type, the 2102ep teratocarcinoma cell line. stable hpv-16 genome-expressing 2102ep cell lines were generated, and subsequent alterations in differentiation were analyzed in comparison with parental 2102ep cells. we found that ...	1996	8645425
specific transformation abolishes cyclin d1 fluctuation throughout the cell cycle.	we analysed cyclin d1 mrna and protein expression in several different cell types after separating these cells according to their different cell cycle phases by centrifugal elutriation. in normal human and rat fibroblasts cyclin d1 expression is high in early to mid g1 and decreases about 6-7 fold before onset of replication. it has been demonstrated that specific transforming events, such as loss of functional retinoblastoma protein, overexpression of c-myc, and transfection with the human papi ...	1996	8647239
identification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that interact specifically with an au-rich, cis-acting inhibitory sequence in the 3' untranslated region of human papillomavirus type 1 late mrnas.	expression of human papillomavirus late genes encoding l1 and l2 capsid proteins is restricted to terminally differentiated epithelial cells. we have previously identified and characterized an au-rich, cis-acting negative regulatory element in the 3' untranslated region of human papillomavirus type 1 late mrnas. this element acts posttranscriptionally to reduce mrna levels and the translation efficiency of mrnas. the experiments reported here are a continuation of our previous work. we have used ...	1996	8648700
bilateral primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papilloma virus infection and vulvar and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. a case report with review of the literature.	primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary is rare. most cases represent malignant transformation of ovarian teratomas. other cases are associated with preexisting brenner tumor or ovarian endometriosis. we report a primary ovarian squamous cell carcinoma in a 40-year-old woman. the patient had recurrent high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva (vin) and recurrent high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). human papilloma virus (hpv) dna 16/18 was identified in an in situ an ...	1996	8651358
prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomaviruses in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.	the prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in 63 squamous-cell carcinomas (scc) from different anatomic sites in the head and neck was determined by general primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction (gp-pcr). hpv dna was detected in 20.6% of scc. additional type-specific pcr for hpv 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 demonstrated the presence of hpv 16 alone in these carcinomas. hpv 16 was also detected in normal epithelium from the resection margins of the majority of hpv-positive scc. ...	1996	8635861
human papillomavirus infections in nonmelanoma skin cancers from renal transplant recipients and nonimmunosuppressed patients.	nonmelanoma carcinomas of the skin represent the most frequent cancers among the caucasian population worldwide. they occur with high frequency in renal allograft recipient patients after prolonged immunosuppression.	1996	8637046
persistence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections preceding cervical carcinoma.	a persistent genital infection with an oncogene-type of human papillomavirus (hpv) is considered to be essential for the development of most cervical carcinomas. therefore, hpv analysis has been proposed as a possible complementary cytological screening program. the authors have developed a technique to analyze archival pap smears, which has enabled them to study the relation between persistent hpv infection and the development of cervical cancer.	1996	8630917
both cell proliferation and apoptosis increase with lesion grade in cervical neoplasia but do not correlate with human papillomavirus type.	recent molecular studies suggest that the expression of high-risk but not low-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) oncoproteins e6 and e7 can significantly alter normal cell cycle regulation. the alterations in cell cycle regulation may be reflected by changes in the balance between cell growth and cell loss through apoptosis in cell populations expressing e6 and/or e7. we evaluated the kinetic indices of cell proliferation and apoptosis in a histopathological spectrum of cervical neoplasia and compa ...	1996	8630992
identification of two novel cellular genes associated with multistage carcinogenesis of human endocervical cells by mrna differential display.	carcinogenesis originating from cervical cells has been recognized as a multistage process in which human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cofactors, such as cigarette smoke, are frequently involved in the development of malignant cancer. however, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains poorly understood. to identify the cellular genes involved in multistage cervical oncogenesis, we used the mrna differential display method to analyze primary human endocervical cells (hen), hpv ...	1996	8631146
specific loss of apoptotic but not cell-cycle arrest function in a human tumor derived p53 mutant.	the p53 tumor-suppressor gene product is frequently inactivated in malignancies by point mutation. although most tumor-derived p53 mutants show loss of sequence specific transcriptional activation, some mutants have been identified which retain this activity. one such mutant, p53175p, is defective for the suppression of transformation in rodent cells, despite retaining the ability to suppress the growth of p53-null human cells. we now demonstrate that p53175p can induce a cell-cycle arrest in ap ...	1996	8631304
human papillomavirus infection in hong kong chinese women with normal and abnormal cervix--detection by polymerase chain reaction method on cervical scrapes.	detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) was accomplished by utilizing polymerase chain reaction methods on cervical scrapes from a total of 488 hong kong chinese women attending the colposcopy, general, and antenatal clinics. from colposcopy clinic, 10% of normal cervix, 31% of condyloma, 56, 50, and 57% of cin i, cin ii, and cin iii, respectively, and 88% of squamous cell carcinoma contain hpv. the overall detection rate is 30%. the most prevalent type is 16. four percent of scrapes from normal ...	1996	8631541
activation of the endogenous p53 growth inhibitory pathway in hela cervical carcinoma cells by expression of the bovine papillomavirus e2 gene.	we previously showed that expression of the bovine papillomavirus (bpv) e2 gene results in a dramatic inhibition of the proliferation of several human cervical carcinoma cell lines, including hela cells which contain human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 dna. we have assessed the status of endogenous g1 cell cycle regulatory proteins, including the tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and p105rb, in order to investigate growth regulatory pathways in hela cells following e2 expression. the p53 tumor suppr ...	1996	8632901
second primary cancers after vulvar and vaginal cancers.	our objective was to examine the occurrence of second primary cancers after vaginal and vulvar cancers.	1996	8633671
viral and histopathologic correlates of mn and mib-1 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	a recently studied tumor antigen, mn, has been associated with cervical carcinomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (cin), suggesting that it may serve as a marker for cervical cancer or cancer risk. to determine if expression of the mn antigen paralleled parameters reflecting viral or biological events in precursor epithelium, mn expression was correlated with mib-1 expression, morphological phenotype, and human papillomavirus (hpv) distribution and type in a series of cins. seventy-three ...	1996	8600036
sequence conservation within the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 and formation of hpv-18 virus-like particles in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the major capsid protein l1 of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) has been identified as a promising candidate antigen for a prophylactic hpv vaccine. since amino acid sequence heterogeneity has been demonstrated for the l1 genes within individual hpv types, nucleotide sequences of l1 were determined from six hpv-18 clinical isolates and the cervical carcinoma cell line sw756 and compared to the published hpv-18 prototype sequence. the sequences were almost identical between the clinical isolates and ...	1996	8601783
determinants of persistent detection of human papillomavirus dna in the uterine cervix.	to identify factors associated with persistence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in the uterine cervix, 179 women who were 18-49 years old and who had normal cytologies and positive cervical hpv dna test at a routine periodic examination were analyzed. among them, 91 (50.8%) remained hpv-positive a few months (mean, 11 weeks) later. persistence was higher in women who had used oral contraceptives for > or = 2 years (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-10.3) compared with those who nev ...	1996	8603956
chronic esophagitis evolving to verrucous squamous cell carcinoma: possible role of exogenous chemical carcinogens.	a patient exposed to aerosolized lye and ingested kerosene was followed up for 16 years with chronic esophagitis before developing verrucous esophageal squamous carcinoma. the aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of the carcinoma.	1996	8608902
in vitro synthesis of oncogenic human papillomaviruses requires episomal genomes for differentiation-dependent late expression.	human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16, 18, 31, and 51 are the etiologic agents of many anogenital cancers including those of the cervix. these "high risk" hpvs specifically target genital squamous epithelia, and their lytic life cycle is closely linked to epithelial differentiation. we have developed a genetic assay for hpv functions during pathogenesis using recircularized cloned hpv 31 genomes that were transfected together with a drug resistance marker into monolayer cultures of normal human fo ...	1996	8610168
the serine protease inhibitors tlck and tpck react with the rb-binding core of hpv-18 e7 protein and abolish its rb-binding capability.	the human papillomaviruses associated with cervical cancer (e.g., hpv-16 and hpv-18) express an e7 oncoprotein which mediates the immortalization of primary genital keratinocytes and the transformation of rodent cells. the 105-amino-acid hpv-18 e7 protein contains two zinc fingers as well as a conserved amino-terminal motif (rb-binding core) which binds and alters the interactions of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (rb). we report here that two serine protease inhibitors, tosyl-l- ...	1996	8610446
genomic organization of human papillomavirus type 18 in cervical cancer specimens.	it has been reported that cervical cancers positive for human papillomavirus (hpv) 18 have a poorer prognosis than those with other hpv types. to gain a better understanding of the aggressive character of hpv 18-positive cancers, we examined the difference in genomic organization between hpv 18 and hpv 16 harbored in cervical cancers. we amplified e1 and e2 genes from 9 hpv 18-positive and 31 hpv 16-positive cervical cancers by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). at least one of the two early genes ...	1996	8613428
epithelial cells display separate receptors for papillomavirus vlps and for soluble l1 capsid protein.	we examined the distribution of putative receptors for papillomavirus (pv) capsid proteins on various cell types, using either hexahis hpv6b l1 fusion protein or synthetic hpv6b virus-like particles (vlps). specific, saturable binding of vlps to cv-1 cells was demonstrated using 35s-labeled vlps, with an average receptor number of 1 x 10(4)/cell and a binding affinity constant (ka) of 4 x 10(7) m. vlp binding was quantitated by flow cytometry using a monoclonal antibody to the l1 capsid protein. ...	1996	8615005
differences in reactivity to cyclosporin a and interferon-gamma of normal and hpv-transformed keratinocytes.	in humans, cyclosporin a (csa) avoids organ allograft rejection but induces skin carcinomas after long term immunosuppressive treatment; some of these lesions contain human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is sometimes used in local treatment of persistent or recurrent lesions in normal population. in vivo, both drugs have an effect on keratinocytes which remains unclear. therefore, their effect was studied on in vitro models of normal or hpv-transformed epithelial cell cul ...	1996	8615618
re: the detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in intraepithelial, in situ, verrucous and invasive carcinoma of the penis.		1996	8618323
cell cycle regulation of nuclear factor p32 dna-binding activity by novel phase-specific inhibitors.	the nuclear factor p92, originally discovered by its interaction with the human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer, is a cellular protein whose activity is restricted to s phase in human primary fibroblasts. the human papillomavirus type 18 p92 binding sequence confers enhancer activity on a heterologous promoter, suggesting that p92 acts as a transcription factor. we have identified a class of nuclear inhibitory proteins, i-92s, which noncovalently associate with p92 but not with other transcripti ...	1996	8621580
domains of the e1 protein of human papillomavirus type 33 involved in binding to the e2 protein.	papillomavirus e1 and e2 proteins are essential for the initiation of viral dna replication. we have now analyzed the interaction of e1 and e2 of human papillomavirus type 33, which is associated with cervical carcinoma. when synthesized in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system, the e1 and e2 proteins interacted efficiently at 4 degree. a monoclonal antibody recognizing e1 amino acids 584--600 inhibited the binding of e2 and vice versa, indicating that these amino acids are involv ...	1996	8623535
tumor necrosis factor alpha interferes with the cell cycle of normal and papillomavirus-immortalized human keratinocytes.	we have shown that normal and human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 immortalized human foreskin keratinocytes are growth inhibited by tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), whereas hpv-18- and sv40-immortalized keratinocytes are resistant to this cytokine (1). in this report, we investigated the expression of mitotic regulatory proteins, such as cyclin a, cyclin b, and p34cdc2. after exposure to tnf-alpha, normal and hpv-16-immortalized cells exhibited a dramatic decrease in the expression of the ...	1996	8625327
human papillomavirus detection of endometrioid carcinoma with squamous differentiation of the uterine corpus.	many studies have shown a link between human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical carcinoma. however, studies on the association of hpv with endometrioid carcinoma of the corpus uteri are sparse and controversial. in this study, 33 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of endometrioid carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation in grade 1 (adenoacanthoma) and 10 additional samples of endometrioid carcinoma with less squamous cell differentiation in grade 2 or 3 (adenosquamous carcinoma) ...	1996	8626134
targeted mutagenesis of the human papillomavirus type 16 e2 transactivation domain reveals separable transcriptional activation and dna replication functions.	the e2 gene products of papillomavirus play key roles in viral replication, both as regulators of viral transcription and as auxiliary factors that act with e1 in viral dna replication. we have carried out a detailed structure-function analysis of conserved amino acids within the n-terminal domain of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) e2 protein. these mutants were tested for their transcriptional activation activities as well as transient dna replication and e1 binding activities. analysi ...	1996	8627680
intratype variation in 12 human papillomavirus types: a worldwide perspective.	in this study, we have examined intratype human papillomavirus (hpv) sequence variation in a worldwide collection of cervical specimens. twelve different hpv types including hpv-18, hpv-33, hpv-35, hpv-39, hpv-45, hpv-51, hpv-52, hpv-58, hpv-59, hpv-68 (me180), mm9/pap238a (recently designated hpv-73), and a novel partial genomic hpv sequence designated mm4/wl3b were analyzed in this study. cervical specimens were collected as part of epidemiological investigations conducted in new mexico and an ...	1996	8627792
human papillomavirus types and cervical cancer.		1996	8592014
human papillomavirus infection and risk of progression of epithelial abnormalities of the cervix.	the polymerase chain reaction has been used to determine the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 and hpv 18 dna sequences in archival histological material removed from a cohort of untreated women with cervical epithelial abnormalities. the detection of hpv 16 or hpv 18 dna sequences in the initial biopsy specimen was associated with a significantly increased risk of subsequent disease progression.	1996	8595174
resistance to retinoic acid and altered cytokeratin expression of human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized endocervical cells after tumorigenesis.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) and cigarette smoking are epidemiologically associated with cervical cancer. we recently found that hen-16 and hen-16-2 hpv type 16-immortalized endocervical cells form tumors after treatment with cigarette smoke condensate and derived 2 tumor cell line cultures, hen-16t and hen-16-2t, respectively. here, we examine the molecular pathologic effect of tumorigenesis. hen-16t and hen-16-2t exhibit unchanged status and expression of integrated hpv 16 dna. however, the e ...	1996	8575856
protection against papillomavirus with a polynucleotide vaccine.	genital infections with human papillomavirus (hpv) are increasingly recognized as a significant source of human disease; hpv is now implicated in up to 90% of cervical carcinomas. neutralizing antibodies against papillomaviruses recognize conformational epitopes formed when viral capsid proteins assemble into virions or virus-like particles. immunization with plasmid dna encoding the major viral capsid protein l1 was studied as a means of inducing neutralizing antibodies and protection against v ...	1996	8568291
p53-mediated radioresistance does not correlate with metastatic potential in tumorigenic rat embryo cell lines following oncogene transfection.	changes in wild-type p53 protein function occur in the majority of human tumors, and may alter genomic stability and the cellular response to ionizing radiation. whether oncoproteins can render tumor cells both radioresistant and metastatic, may have implications for clinical strategies designed to improve local tumor control. in the studies reported here, we tested the hypothesis that acquired radioresistance correlates with metastatic potential within a large panel of transformed rat embryo ce ...	1996	8567335
treatment of established tumors with a novel vaccine that enhances major histocompatibility class ii presentation of tumor antigen.	presentation of antigenic peptides by mhc class ii molecules to cd4+ t cells is critical to the generation of antitumor immunity. in an attempt to enhance mhc class ii antigen processing, we linked the sorting signals of the lysosome-associated membrane protein (lamp-1) to the cytoplasmic/nuclear human papilloma virus (hpv-16) e7 antigen, creating a chimera (sig/e7/lamp-1). previously, we found that expression of this chimera in vitro and in vivo with a recombinant vaccinia vector targeted e7 to ...	1996	8548765
identification of domains required for transcriptional activation and protein dimerization in the human papillomavirus type-16 e7 protein.	to analyse the potential of the e7 oncogene of hpv-16 to activate transcription, we constructed hybrid proteins containing various portions of the hpv-16 e7 protein fused to the dna binding region of the bacterial lexa repressor. we found that full length hpv-16 e7 is capable to mediate activation of two different reporter genes, which carry lexa binding sites in their promoters. in contrast, e7 from hpv-11, a low-risk type papillomavirus, was unable to activate transcription, when analysed in t ...	1996	8552395
human papillomavirus dna as a factor determining the survival of bladder cancer patients.	the natural history of transitional cell carcinoma (tcc) of the urinary bladder is somewhat variable, with a significant number of tumour recurrences that occasionally evolve towards an infiltrating disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in 76 tcc specimens, and then correlate such findings with the overall patient survival. however, other classical prognostic clinical and pathological variables such as pathological grade and stage, koilo ...	1996	8554974
human papillomavirus is associated with the frequent detection of warty and basaloid high-grade neoplasia of the vulva and cervical neoplasia among immunocompromised women.	a total of 158 women who either hiv-infected or under iatrogenic immunosuppression were examined regularly during a 4-year period to evaluate if certain vulvar neoplasms and cervical neoplasia have similar associated risk factors. patients with cin were matched prospectively with immunocompetent controls with cin. forty-eight cervical lesions were detected among patients, including 2 invasive carcinoma and 15 cin-3 lesions, compared to 11 vulvar lesions, including 2 invasive carcinoma and 7 vin- ...	1996	8557224
occasional memory cytotoxic t-cell responses of patients with human papillomavirus type 16-positive cervical lesions against a human leukocyte antigen-a *0201-restricted e7-encoded epitope.	most cervical carcinoma (cxca) cells constitutively express human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) e6 and e7 oncoproteins. these proteins are, therefore, attractive targets for t cell-based immunotherapy. previously, we identified hvp16 e7-encoded ctl epitopes. in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cxca, little is known concerning t-cell activity against viruses in general and against hpv16 in particular. here, we have screened the blood of 10 healthy donor controls and of 22 pati ...	1996	8564975
human papillomavirus infection: treatment options for warts.	human papillomavirus can produce verrucae, or warts, on cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. although the diagnosis is usually straightforward, issues regarding the need for treatment and the choice of treatment are complex. the rationale for the treatment of viral warts is based on the prevention of spread to other areas of the body or to other people; the prevention of irritation, bleeding and other unwanted local effects of the wart; cosmetic and psychosocial considerations, and the possible assoc ...	1996	8546041
psoralen plus uv-a-associated skin cancer: a likely role for human papillomavirus type 16?		1996	8546492
promoter usage in the e7 orf of hpv16 correlates with epithelial differentiation and is largely confined to low-grade genital neoplasia.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) transcription in hpv16-positive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (vin), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and cervical carcinomas was analyzed using rna-rna in situ hybridization. subgenomic probes were constructed which specifically detected individual spliced e6/e7 transcripts as well as transcripts initiated within the e7 open reading frame (orf). in most biopsies, viral rna was predominantly initiated in the e6 orf at promoter p97 and contained the ...	1996	8543397
suppression of cancer cell growth by adenovirus expressing p21(waf1/cip1) deficient in pcna interaction.	p53 tumor suppression is deficient in the majority of human cancers. efforts to understand this pathway have identified cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors and suggested a potential for their replacement in human cancer. in the present studies, expression of a c-terminal deletion mutant of the human p21(waf1/cip1) cdk inhibitor completely suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells, whereas full-length p21 only partially suppressed growth. we prepared a replication-deficient adenoviral reco ...	1996	9816291
sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive history in women with experience of casual travel sex abroad.	background: the objective of this study was to determine whether the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and some reproductive events in women with experience of casual travel sex (cts) abroad with previously unknown male partners differed when compared to women lacking such experience. methods: nine hundred and ninety-six women seeking contraceptive advice from two family planning clinics and a youth clinic were studied. two hundred and seventy-six of these women (27.7%) admitted ...	1996	9815441
pregnancy and cervical infection with human papillomaviruses.	this investigation was undertaken to assess whether pregnancy represents a risk factor for human papillomavirus (hpv) infection which is independent of age and other known hpv risk factors.	1996	9236309
detection and typing of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer in the thai.	one hundred formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues with histopathologic diagnosed invasive cervical cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) were examined for the presence of hpv-dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using l1-consensus primers. the results indicated that 82 out of 100 (82%) samples were positive for hpv-dna. among the positive samples, 50 samples (61%) were typed by dot hybridization technique (dh). hpv-16 was the dominant type (42.68%), followed by hpv-18 (20.73%) and hpv-33 (3.66%) ...	1996	9071068
[study of hpv in oral squamous cell carcinoma].	in order to demonstrate the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), we detected hpv 16 and 18 type dna in oscc and normal mucosa (nom) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), then analysed the pcr products using southern blot hybridization. the study shows that the positive rates of hpv dna were 47.8% (11/23) in oscc, including hpv16 in 6 samples, hpv18 in 3 samples and 16, 18 co-infection in 2 samples. in contrast, hpv16 dna were found to be 20% (2/10) in nom. ...	1996	9592298
[human papillomavirus infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma].	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, especially high risk types hpv 16 and 18, have been studied widely in cervical cancer. however, hpv infection in esophageal cancer has not been well defined. in the present study, immunohistochemistry, pcr and southern blot hybridization methods were used to detect hpv infection in 127 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. immunohistochemistry results indicated that the virus was detected frequently in well differentiated carcinoma. the positive rates ...	1996	9388862
different susceptibility of cervical keratinocytes containing human papillomavirus to cell-mediated cytotoxicity.	to detect the factors responsible for the susceptibility of cervical keratinocytes infected with human papillomavirus (hpv) to non-specific lysis mediated by natural killer (nk) and lymphokine activated killer (lak) cells.	1996	9275369
[clinicopathological features of human papilloma virus associated squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva].	to investigate the relationship between human papilloma virus (hpv) status and clinicopathological features of vulva carcinoma and its clinical significance.	1996	9275429
[role of pcr and dot bolt hybridization in the detection of human papillomavirus of the penile cancer].	human papillomavirus (hpv), a oncogenicpotential, may be carcinogenic effectors in variety of genital tract malignancies. we examined the association of human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 in 28 penile cancers by the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction and dot bolt hybridization. human papillomavirus type 16 was found in 14 of 28 penile cancers (50%), whereas type 18 was identified in 3 of 28 penile cancers (10.6%). our results suggest humanpapillomavirus type 16 may play a role in the de ...	1996	9275681
immunotherapy of cancer by peptide-based vaccines for the induction of tumor-specific t cell immunity.	recent progress in defining the molecular nature of antigens and in finding ways to manipulate t cell-mediated immune responses may provide new modalities for cancer treatment. in this report, we review preclinical studies as well as the first clinical trials with vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of anti-tumor immunity. in particular, we focus on the development of a vaccine against human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinoma.	1996	9373306
papillary (pebbled) masses of the oral mucosa: more than simple papillomas.	soft tissue masses are found in almost 4% of adult dental patients, and most of these will never be biopsied. clinical evaluation, therefore, is of paramount importance. oral mucosal masses with irregular or nodular surface alterations are of special concern. these alterations may appear to be papillomas, but there are several type of papillomas, and among the lesions which present with a papilloma-like appearance are diverse malignancies, contagious infections, sexually transmitted diseases, va ...	1996	9242122
the current status of therapeutic hpv vaccine.	cervical carcinoma is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. recurrences occur in 15% of the patients after optimal treatment of low-risk early-stage disease. treatment results of recurrent disease are relatively poor and for this reason new therapeutic strategies are warranted. viral infection with human papillomavirus seems to have an essential part in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma. evidence for the assumption that cervical carcinoma, among other malign ...	1996	9017105
failure to demonstrate human papillomavirus (hpv) involvement in bowen's disease of the skin.	to assess the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in the aetiology of extragenital bowen's disease (ebd), a series of 91 cases were analysed using in situ hybridization (ish) with whole genomic dna probes of hpv types 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 26, 36, 37, 39, 42, 55 and 59. no hpv dna was found in any of the samples tested. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was also used to analyse 37 of the 91 samples, using both the consensus primers my09/my11 which amplify a large number of hpv types ...	1996	9017134
molecular diagnosis of persistent human papilloma virus infections.	persistent infections with human papilloma viruses (hpv) can lead to a wide range of benign and malignant epithelial tumors as cutaneous warts or anogenital cancers. methods principally available for the laboratory diagnosis of hpv infections are cytology and histology, immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy, serology and methods for the detection of hpv-specific dna. among the latter are polymerase chain reaction (pcr), southern blot, dot blot, filter in situ hybridization, in situ hybridizat ...	1996	9058167
cancer-associated human papillomavirus types are selectively increased in the cervix of women in the first trimester of pregnancy.	because of incomplete data in the current literature, we sought to determine whether pregnancy is an independent risk for the detection of human papillomavirus infection.	1996	9065116
hla types in women with cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions prospectively followed up for 10 years.	certain genotypes of hpv have been recently implicated in the etiology of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. in order to determine whether hla antigen-controlled immunoregulatory functions have a role in the pathogenesis of hpv infections, class i and ii hla antigen typing was carried out on a series of 96 randomly selected women who were part of a cohort of 530 women prospectively followed up for cervical hpv infections in our clinic since 1981. the frequency of the dq3 antigen, which has previou ...	1996	9074659
colposcopy as a tool for detection of human papillomavirus infection of uterine cervix in the setting of high prevalence of gynaecologic infections.	a cross sectional study involving 257 women from the maternal and child health centre (mch) in delhi was initiated for screening clinically, cytologically, colposcopically, and microbiologically for several gynaecologic infections. eighty percent of the women had one or more gynaecologic infections and 31.1% had three or more infections. cytology revealed changes suggestive of condyloma in 3 (1.2%) women only, while colposcopic examination suggested hpv changes in 117 (45.5%) women. a very high ...	1996	9104055
[study on the interrelationship between human papilloma virus infection and langerhans cell in carcinogenesis of esophagus].	in order to find out the interrelationship between human papilloma virus (hpv) infection and langerhans cells (lcs) during the development of esophageal carcinoma, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis during hpv infection, digoxigenine labelled hpv dna probes of hpv 6b/11, hpv 16/18 with in situ hybridization, and anti-s-100 protein antibody with immunohistochemical lsab-assays were used respectively in order to investigate hpv infection and the distribution of lcs in 40 cases of esophageal squam ...	1996	9206210
mechanism of hpv e6 proteins in cellular transformation.	the e6 protein is a major transforming protein of many types of papillomaviruses. mechanistically, the best characterized e6 proteins are those of the high-risk genital hpvs (e.g. hpv-16 and 18 e6), which function, at least in part, by inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein. biochemical studies have shown that this occurs by targeted degradation of p53, dependent on the e6-ap ubiquitin-protein ligase. the model that has emerged from e6/e6-ap-dependent p53 degradation has provided insight ...	1996	9284524
interactions of the human papillomavirus e7 protein with cell cycle regulators.	human papillomavirus (hpvs) critically depend on the cellular machinery for the replication of their genome. viral replication is restricted to the differentiated strata of the skin that are normally growth arrested. hence, the hpvs have developed strategies to subvert cellular growth regulatory pathways and are able to uncouple cellular proliferation and differentiation. the hpv e7 protein can overcome the activity of some cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, associate with cyclin/cyclin depende ...	1996	9284525
hla control in the progression of human papillomavirus infections.	cellular immunity is likely to be of major importance for the clearance of inapparent or overt infections caused by human papillomaviruses (hpvs). the highly polymorphic class i or class ii human leukocyte antigen (hla) molecules present hpv-derived peptides to cytotoxic (cd8+) or helper (cd4+) t lymphocytes bearing specific receptors and condition the immune responsiveness to hpv infections. recent data point to a role of an altered expression of hla molecules in the persistence of hpv-induced ...	1996	9284528
anal neoplasia in persons with hiv infection.	aside from the neoplasms that are clearly related to immunodeficiency, such as non-hodgkin's lymphoma and kaposi's sarcoma, numerous observations have also shown an association between hiv infection and the incidence of cervical and anal neoplasms. human papillomavirus (hpv) is the etiologic factor in anogenital neoplasms, although the mechanisms of the association are not clearly understood. it is believed that several hpv genes are critical in the malignant cell transformation process. an etio ...	1996	11363714
tumor viruses and endogenous retrotransposons in mammary tumorigenesis.	much of our knowledge about the intricate pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of a normal mammary epithelial cell to malignancy derives from studies on mammary tumorigenesis induced by the retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus. in addition, three dna tumor viruses, simian virus 40, polyomavirus, and human papillomavirus, have been instrumental in dissecting the series of steps comprising neoplastic progression of mammary epithelium, particularly with cultured human breast ...	1996	10887480
hiv-positive women and their care.	the medical care of hiv-positive women needs to be considered. after initial evaluation, hiv-positive women need to have a genealogical evaluation to determine if any conditions are present which may be difficult to treat or may have a more accelerated course. pap smears should be done again after 6 months and then yearly. if cd4 counts fall below 250, pap smears should be done biannually. an abnormal pap smear could be a sign of a genital tract infection, which can cause cervical inflammation. ...	1996	11363116
cellular and molecular alterations in human epithelial cells transformed by high let radiation.	an understanding of the radiobiological effects of high let radiation is essential for human risk estimation and radiation protection. in the present study, we show that a single, 30 cgy dose of 150 kev/micrometer 4he ions can malignantly transform human papillomavirus immortalized human bronchial epithelial [bep2d] cells. transformed cells produce progressively growing tumors in nude mice. the transformation frequency by the single dose of alpha particles is estimated to be approximately 4 x ...	1996	11538954
additive inhibitory effects of retinoids and interferon-alpha on the growth of human cervical carcinoma cells.	the combination of 13-cis retinoic acid (13cra) and interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) has shown marked antitumor activity against locally advanced cervical cancer in vivo. to begin to explore the mechanism and potential of the efficacy of this combination, the sensitivity of 9 cervical carcinoma cell lines to the growth inhibitory effects of these agents was examined after 1 to 7 days of treatment. ifn-alpha (100 u/ml) alone exerted variable effects. siha cell line was very sensitive showing 75% inhi ...	1996	21544324
characterisation of cellular changes which influence progression of human papillomavirus type-16 immortalised keratinocytes to anchorage-independent phenotype.	cellular alterations which influence progression to an anchorage-independent phenotype are poorly understood. few immortalised keratinocyte lines have been reported to form colonies in semi-solid medium, and the important role of the anchorage-dependence in controlling the behaviour of keratinocytes reflects the resistance of these cells to form colonies in soft agar. we describe here a model for studying in vitro the progression of human papillomavirus type-16 (hpv-16) immortalised keratinocyte ...	1996	21544345
p53 levels in human mammary epithelial cells expressing wild-type and mutant human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 proteins.	human fibroblast cells must overcome both the m1 and the m2 stages of cellular senescence to immortalize, at which point cells almost always express telomerase activity. the human papillomavirus (hpv) oncoproteins, hpv-16 e6 and e7, can block the progression to senescence in fibroblasts by associations with p53 and prb, respectively. human mammary epithelial (hme) cells require only hpv-16 e6 to bypass m1, suggesting that prb may not have a direct role in hme cells senescence. in the present rep ...	1996	21544354
detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) and k-ras mutations in human lung carcinomas.	the purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of hpv infection as well as k-ras codon 12 point mutations in lung cancer. patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma between 1988 and 1992 (n=99) were selected. hpv detection and typing was performed by pcr from paraffin-embedded tissues, while mutations in codon 12 of k-ras gene were detected using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. the prevalence of hpv infection was 15%, while k-ras codon ...	1996	21544468
a fast and simple in situ pcr method to detect human papilloma virus infection in archival paraffin-embedded tissues.	we describe a simple and fast method for the detection and localization of low copy numbers of hpv dna in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival tissues. we have developed a protocol for direct bl situ-pcr in order to demonstrate its convenience in rapid and reproducible assessment of hpv infection in unknown biopsies. the morphological aspect of the tissues has been maintained, despite the multiple steps of fixation, permeabilization and thermal cycling, and positivity has been detected ...	1997	21528242
correlation between human papillomavirus infection and clinicopathological parameters in anal canal carcinoma.	we evaluated human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in 17 anal canal tumors and its correlation with symptomatology, tumor extension and prognosis. five squamous carcinomas and 4 cloacogenic tumors resulted hpv+. statistical analysis showed no correlation between hpv infection and tumor morphology, lymph node involvement or prognosis, and no significant difference in the duration of symptoms between hpv+ and hpv- patients. hpv are involved in the pathogenesis of the tumors, but are not responsible for a ...	1997	21590048
human papillomavirus infection and anal neoplasia.	recent clinical advances in hiv and aids treatment are allowing people to live longer and enjoy a higher quality of life. however, many people may now have to confront other diseases, especially malignancies, that may not have developed in the course of a short but fatal hiv infection. the mechanisms of cancer development in people with hiv are complex and not completely understood. there are three factors that are known to influence the development of malignancies: the absence of a protective i ...	1997	11364694
generation of in vitro autologous human cytotoxic t-cell response to e7 and her-2/neu oncogene products using ex-vivo peptide loaded dendritic cells.		1997	9286422
[detection of human papillomavirus gene sequences in laryngeal tumors and premalignant changes by polymerase chain reaction].	human papillomavirus gene sequences have been detected in a number of malignant and benign tumours. non-oncogenic types 6 and 11 are etiological factors of benign mucosal tumours. types 16 and 18 can be detected in malignancies most often but their role in the etiopathogenesis of cancers is still unclear. in our study we examined formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archive laryngeal tissues containing squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma and precancerous lesions for the presence of human papillom ...	1997	9289687
a monoclonal antibody against intact human papillomavirus type 16 capsids blocks the serological reactivity of most human sera.	a type-specific and neutralizing mouse mab (v5) against human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 capsids was found to block the serological reactivity of human sera with the corresponding capsids. out of 352 human serum samples tested for the presence of igg against hpv-16, more than 75% of reactive sera were completely blocked by the v5 antibody. type-specific mabs against hpv-6, -18 and -33 were also found to block serological reactivity with capsids of the corresponding hpv types for the majority o ...	1997	9292008
type-specific prevalence of genital human papillomaviruses in benign, premalignant, and malignant biopsies in patients from greece.	more than 30 different human papillomavirus (hpv) types infect the anogenital mucosa and are responsible for a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions including cervical cancer. the goal of this study was to determine the distribution of individual hpv types in various grads of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical carcinoma in patients from greece.	1997	9293610
lymphoproliferative responses to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 proteins e6 and e7: outcome of hpv infection and associated neoplasia.	infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 (hpv16) is a major cause of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). experiments were planned to evaluate the role of cell-mediated immunity (e.g., lymphocyte proliferation) against hpv in the natural history of hpv-associated neoplasia and to identify antigenic sequences of the hpv16 proteins e6 and e7 against which an immune response may confer protection.	1997	9293919
genetic alterations in patients with esophageal cancer with short- and long-term survival rates after curative esophagectomy.	the objective of this study was to ascertain the exact relation between specific oncogenes and long- and short-term survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer.	1997	9296509
incidence of human papillomavirus 6, 11, 16, 18 and 33 in normal oral mucosa of a greek population.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in samples obtained from the clinically normal mucosa of the oral cavity of 169 asymptomatic subjects in northern greece. of the subjects, 9.5% were found to be infected with hpv. typing of hpv by southern blot hybridization revealed that 2.4%, 0%, 0%, 4.1%, 0.6% of the subjects were infected with hpv 16, 18, 33, 6 and 11, respectively.	1997	9298359
carcinomas occurring in papillomas of the nasal septum associated with human papilloma virus (hpv).	carcinomas arising in pre-existing sinonasal papillomas of the nasal septum are rare. to our knowledge only one case has been reported. we report two cases of carcinomas occurring in septal papillomas. in the first case a carcinoma developed in an exophytic papilloma 16 years after the first operation for a papilloma. in the second case a carcinoma was present at the first presentation within an inverted papilloma, and a metastasis had also developed. in the first case hpv type 6/11 was demonstr ...	1997	9299655
anal human papillomavirus and anal cancer.		1997	9301544
[the detection of human papillomavirus in papillomas of the larynx and tonsils through immunohistochemistry and dna in situ hybridization].	presenting a study about human papillomavirus (hpv) determination by immunohistochemistry and "in situ" hybridization, in 25 samples of squamous cell papillomata (15 tonsilar and 10 laryngeal lesions). five cases resulted positive for hpv: 2 of them for immunohistochemical probes, other 2 for "in situ" hybridization and only 1 cas showed its positivity for both techniques. all these samples belonging to laryngeal cases. no significant differences were found in antecedents, clinical and histologi ...	1997	9304351
analysis of hpv16, 18, 31, and 35 dna in pre-invasive and invasive lesions of the uterine cervix.	to analyse the physical state of different human papillomavirus (hpv) dnas in 55 intraepithelial and invasive hpv associated cervical neoplasms.	1997	9306943
prevalence of epstein-barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinomas, premalignant lesions and normal mucosa--a study using the polymerase chain reaction.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) prevalence was assessed in 12 clinically normal oral mucosas, nine premalignant lesions, 36 oral squamous cell carcinomas (osccs) and a human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 positive cell line, derived from an oscc studied. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with two pairs of primers with different sensitivities was used. with primers specific for the bamhiw repeat, ebv was found in 100% of osccs, in 77.8% of premalignant lesions and in 8.3% of clinically normal oral mucosas (p ...	1997	9307727