Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| spatial analysis of reck, mt1-mmp, and timp-2 proteins during early xenopus laevis development. | proper cell-cell and cell-ecm interactions are vital for cell migration and patterning of the vertebrate embryo. mmps and their inhibitors, reck and timps, are all differentially expressed during embryogenesis to regulate such ecm remodeling and cell interactions. mt1-mmp, reck, and timp-2 are unique amongst other ecm-regulating proteins as they act in the pericellular space. past studies have shown that reck and timp-2 interact with mt1-mmp on the cell surface, thereby influencing cell behaviou ... | 2019 | 31352120 |
| wolf-hirschhorn syndrome-associated genes are enriched in motile neural crest cells and affect craniofacial development in xenopus laevis. | wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (whs) is a human developmental disorder arising from a hemizygous perturbation, typically a microdeletion, on the short arm of chromosome four. in addition to pronounced intellectual disability, seizures, and delayed growth, whs presents with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and varying prevalence of microcephaly, micrognathia, cartilage malformation in the ear and nose, and facial asymmetries. these affected craniofacial tissues all derive from a shared embryonic pre ... | 2019 | 31031646 |
| bile acids inhibit human purinergic receptor p2x4 in a heterologous expression system. | we recently demonstrated that bile acids, especially tauro-deoxycholic acid (t-dca), modify the function of the acid-sensing ion channel asic1a and other members of the epithelial sodium channel (enac)/degenerin (deg) ion channel family. surprisingly, asic1 shares a high degree of structural similarity with the purinergic receptor p2x4, a nonselective cation channel transiently activated by atp. p2x4 is abundantly expressed in the apical membrane of bile duct epithelial cells and is therefore ex ... | 2019 | 30988062 |
| trace, machine learning of signal images for trace-sensitive mass spectrometry: a case study from single-cell metabolomics. | recent developments in high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) technology enabled ultrasensitive detection of proteins, peptides, and metabolites in limited amounts of samples, even single cells. however, extraction of trace-abundance signals from complex data sets ( m/ z value, separation time, signal abundance) that result from ultrasensitive studies requires improved data processing algorithms. to bridge this gap, we here developed "trace", a software framework that incorporates machine lear ... | 2019 | 30929422 |
| evaluation of cyclic luciferin as a substrate for luminescence measurements in in vitro and in vivo applications. | bioluminescence imaging (bli) is a powerful tool for cell tracking, monitoring of gene delivery and expression in small laboratory animals. an alternative luciferase (luc) substrate cyclic luciferin (cycluc) was recently advanced for bli applications as providing a stronger, more stable signal at significantly lower doses than the classical substrate d-luciferin (d-luc) increasing sensitivity of luc detection 10 to 100 times. we evaluated benefits of using cycluc in in vivo studies in mice injec ... | 2019 | 30979501 |
| in vivo and in vitro quantitative analysis of neural crest cell migration. | the neural crest is an embryonic cell population induced at the border of the neural plate from where it delaminates and migrates long distances across the embryo. due to its extraordinary migratory capabilities, the neural crest has become a powerful system to study cellular and molecular aspects of collective and single cell migration both in vivo and in vitro. here we provide detailed protocols used to perform quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular aspects of xenopus laevis neural cr ... | 2019 | 30977071 |
| hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel telomere dna g-quadruplex structures in living human cells. | although the telomeric sequence has been reported to form various g-quadruplex topologies in vitro and in xenopus laevis oocytes, in living human cells, the topology of telomeric dna g-quadruplex remains a challenge. to investigate the human telomeric dna g-quadruplex in a more realistic human cell environment, in the present study, we demonstrated that the telomeric dna sequence can form two hybrid-type and two-tetrad antiparallel g-quadruplex structures by in-cell 19f nmr in living human cells ... | 2019 | 30976813 |
| desmoplakin is required for epidermal integrity and morphogenesis in the xenopus laevis embryo. | desmoplakin (dsp) is a unique and critical desmosomal protein, that is integral to epidermal development. however, it is unclear whether this protein is required specifically for epidermal morphogenesis. using morpholinos or crispr/cas9 mutagenesis we decreased the function of dsp in frog embryos to better understand its role during epidermal development. dsp morphant and mutant embryos had developmental defects such as epidermal fragility that mimicked what has been reported in mammals. most im ... | 2019 | 30935896 |
| identification and functional characterization of the chloride channel gene, gsclc-c2 from wild soybean. | the anionic toxicity of plants under salt stress is mainly caused by chloride (cl-). thus cl- influx, transport and their regulatory mechanisms should be one of the most important aspects of plant salt tolerance studies, but are often sidelined by the focus on sodium (na+) toxicity and its associated adaptations. plant chloride channels (clcs) are transport proteins for anions including cl- and nitrate (no3-), and are critical for nutrition uptake and transport, adjustment of cellular turgor, st ... | 2019 | 30935372 |
| induction of a spindle-assembly-competent m phase in xenopus egg extracts. | normal mitotic spindle assembly is a prerequisite for faithful chromosome segregation and unperturbed cell-cycle progression. precise functioning of the spindle machinery relies on conserved architectural features, such as focused poles, chromosome alignment at the metaphase plate, and proper spindle length. these morphological requirements can be achieved only within a compositionally distinct cytoplasm that results from cell-cycle-dependent regulation of specific protein levels and specific po ... | 2019 | 30930041 |
| pacap-38 and pacap(6-38) degranulate rat meningeal mast cells via the orphan mrgb3-receptor. | infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 (pacap-38) provokes migraine attacks in migraineurs and headache in non-migraineurs. adverse events like long-lasting flushing and heat sensation can be terminated with oral antihistamine treatment, indicating the involvement of mast cell activation after pacap-infusion. degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was provoked by several isoforms of pacap via previously unknown receptor pharmacology. the effect might thus be mediated e ... | 2019 | 30983973 |
| recovery of the xenopus laevis heart from ros-induced stress utilizes conserved pathways of cardiac regeneration. | urodele amphibians and some fish are capable of regenerating up to a quarter of their heart tissue after cardiac injury. while many anuran amphibians like xenopus laevis are not capable of such feats, they are able to repair lesser levels of cardiac damage, such as that caused by oxidative stress, to a far greater degree than mammals. using an optogenetic stress induction model that utilizes the protein killerred, we have investigated the extent to which mechanisms of cardiac regeneration are co ... | 2019 | 30924142 |
| molecular markers for corneal epithelial cells in larval vs. adult xenopus frogs. | corneal epithelial stem cells (cescs) and their proliferative progeny, the transit amplifying cells (tacs), are responsible for maintaining the integrity and transparency of the cornea. these stem cells (scs) are widely used in corneal transplants and ocular surface reconstruction. molecular markers are essential to identify, isolate and enrich for these cells, yet no definitive cesc marker has been established. an extensive literature survey shows variability in the expression of putative cesc ... | 2019 | 30981716 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp-s in the amphibian xenopus laevis. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) involved in host antibacterial responses, and their functions have been characterized in most invertebrate and vertebrate animals. however, little information is available regarding the function of frog pgrps. in this study, a short-type pgrp (termed xl-pgrp-s) gene was identified in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. the predicted protein of xl-pgrp-s contains several structural features known ... | 2019 | 30980872 |
| ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits uptake and vasoconstrictor effects of taurocholate in human placenta. | intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (icp) causes increased transfer of maternal bile acids to the fetus and an increased incidence of sudden fetal death. treatment includes ursodeoxycholic acid (udca), but it is not clear if udca protects the fetus. this study explores the placental transport of the bile acid taurocholate (tc) by the organic anion-transporting polypeptide, (oatp)4a1, its effects on the placental proteome and vascular function, and how these are modified by udca. various method ... | 2019 | 30922127 |
| thermal reduction of graphene oxide mitigates its in vivo genotoxicity toward xenopus laevis tadpoles. | the worldwide increase of graphene family materials raises the question of the potential consequences resulting from their release in the environment and future consequences on ecosystem health, especially in the aquatic environment in which they are likely to accumulate. thus, there is a need to evaluate the biological and ecological risk but also to find innovative solutions leading to the production of safer materials. this work focuses on the evaluation of functional group-safety relationshi ... | 2019 | 30970633 |
| n-glycosylation-dependent regulation of hk2p17.1 currents. | two pore-domain potassium (k2p) channels mediate potassium background currents that stabilize the resting membrane potential and facilitate action potential repolarization. in the human heart, hk2p17.1 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria and purkinje cells. reduced atrial hk2p17.1 protein levels were described in patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure. genetic alterations in hk2p17.1 were associated with cardiac conduction disorders. little is known about posttranslatio ... | 2019 | 30969900 |
| functional and structural analysis of rare slc2a2 variants associated with fanconi-bickel syndrome and metabolic traits. | deleterious variants in slc2a2 cause fanconi-bickel syndrome (fbs), a glycogen storage disorder, whereas less common variants in slc2a2 associate with numerous metabolic diseases. phenotypic heterogeneity in fbs has been observed, but its causes remain unknown. our goal was to functionally characterize rare slc2a2 variants found in fbs and metabolic disease-associated variants to understand the impact of these variants on glut2 activity and expression and establish genotype-phenotype correlation ... | 2019 | 30950137 |
| gpcr-independent activation of g proteins promotes apical cell constriction in vivo. | heterotrimeric g proteins are signaling switches that control organismal morphogenesis across metazoans. in invertebrates, specific gpcrs instruct g proteins to promote collective apical cell constriction in the context of epithelial tissue morphogenesis. in contrast, tissue-specific factors that instruct g proteins during analogous processes in vertebrates are largely unknown. here, we show that daple, a non-gpcr protein linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders, is expressed specifically in ... | 2019 | 30948426 |
| pyrophosphate stimulates the phosphate-sodium symporter of trypanosoma brucei acidocalcisomes and saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles. | inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi) is a by-product of biosynthetic reactions and has bioenergetic and regulatory roles in a variety of cells. here we show that ppi and other pyrophosphate-containing compounds, including polyphosphate (polyp), can stimulate sodium-dependent depolarization of the membrane potential and pi conductance in xenopus oocytes expressing a saccharomyces cerevisiae or trypanosoma brucei na+/pi symporter. ppi is not taken up by xenopus oocytes, and deletion of the tbpho91 spx do ... | 2019 | 30944211 |
| new roles for wnt and bmp signaling in neural anteroposterior patterning. | during amphibian development, neural patterning occurs via a two-step process. spemann's organizer secretes bmp antagonists that induce anterior neural tissue. a subsequent caudalizing step re-specifies anterior fated cells to posterior fates such as hindbrain and spinal cord. the neural patterning paradigm suggests that a canonical wnt-signaling gradient acts along the anteroposterior axis to pattern the nervous system. wnt activity is highest in the posterior, inducing spinal cord, at intermed ... | 2019 | 30936121 |
| endoplasmic reticulum network formation with xenopus egg extracts. | the endoplasmic reticulum (er) consists of morphologically distinct domains, including a polygonal network of tubules that is connected by three-way junctions. this network is found in all eukaryotic cells. extracts from xenopus laevis eggs contain stockpiles of components that allow the assembly of an er network in vitro. here we provide protocols for assembly of er networks in extracts that are arrested at different stages of the cell cycle. unfertilized xenopus laevis eggs contain a cytostati ... | 2019 | 29475993 |
| expression cloning human and rat renal cortex na/pi cotransporters: behind the scenes in the murer laboratory. | in the pre-genomic era, the cloning of a cdna represented a significant achievement, particularly if the gene of interest encoded a membrane protein. at the time, molecular probes such as partial peptide sequences, suitable nucleic acid sequences, or antibodies were unavailable for most proteins and the "sodium-phosphate transporter" was no exception. in contrast, brush-border membrane vesicles and epithelial cell culture experiments had established a reliable set of functional hallmarks that de ... | 2019 | 30175377 |
| mass spectrometry-based absolute quantification of single xenopus embryo proteomes. | early xenopus development is characterized by a poor correlation between global mrna and protein abundances due to maternal mrna and protein loading. therefore, proteome profiling is necessary to study gene expression dynamics during early xenopus development. in contrast to mammals, single xenopus eggs and embryos contain enough protein to allow identification and quantification of thousands of proteins using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. in addition to investigating developmental process ... | 2019 | 30104410 |
| regulation of melanopsin signaling: key interactions of the nonvisual photopigment. | melanopsin is a g protein-coupled receptor with a peak sensitivity in the blue part of the spectrum, which plays a key role in nonvisual light-mediated signaling. recently, its importance in forming visual pathway as well as its role in blood vessels photorelaxation was also revealed. melanopsin was discovered in 1998 in xenopus leavis. since then, the melanopsin presence was demonstrated across the species. the existence of two melanopsin genes (opn4m and opn4x) as well as melanopsin isoforms r ... | 2019 | 30102761 |
| expression of the hormonal fgf co-receptor klotho beta in the xenopus laevis model. | klotho beta (klb), a single-pass transmembrane protein, has been described as a co-receptor for endocrine fgfs, such as fgf15/19 and fgf21, to regulate critical metabolic processes in multiple organs and tissues in adult mice. however, its function during early embryonic development remains largely unknown. in this paper, we evaluated for the first time the expression of klb mrna during early development of xenopus laevis by rt-pcr and whole mount in situ hybridization. rt-pcr experiments showed ... | 2019 | 30259590 |
| a modified tripeptide motif of rs1 (rsc1a1) down-regulates exocytotic pathways of human na+-d-glucose cotransporters sglt1, sglt2, and glucose sensor sglt3 in the presence of glucose. | a domain of protein rs1 (rsc1a1) called rs1-reg down-regulates the plasma membrane abundance of na+-d-glucose cotransporter sglt1 by blocking the exocytotic pathway at the trans-golgi. this effect is blunted by intracellular glucose but prevails when serine in a qsp (gln-ser-pro) motif is replaced by glutamate [rs1-reg(s20e)]. rs1-reg binds to ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and inhibits odc in a glucose-dependent manner. because the odc inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) acts like rs1-reg(s ... | 2019 | 30355744 |
| nucleotide receptor p2ry4 is required for head formation via induction and maintenance of head organizer in xenopus laevis. | vertebrates have unique head structures that are mainly composed of the central nervous system, the neural crest, and placode cells. these head structures are brought about initially by the neural induction between the organizer and the prospective neuroectoderm at early gastrula stage. purinergic receptors are activated by nucleotides released from cells and influence intracellular signaling pathways, such as phospholipase c and adenylate cyclase signaling pathways. as p2y receptor is vertebrat ... | 2019 | 30069871 |
| chromatin characterization in xenopus laevis cell-free egg extracts and embryos. | xenopus laevis development is marked by accelerated cell division solely supported by the proteins maternally deposited in the egg. oocytes mature to eggs with concomitant transcriptional silencing. the unique maternal chromatin state contributing to this silencing and subsequent zygotic activation is likely established by histone posttranslational modifications and histone variants. therefore, tools for understanding the nature and function of maternal and embryonic histones are essential to de ... | 2019 | 29475998 |
| preventing ethanol-induced brain and eye morphology defects using optogenetics. | background: embryonic exposure to the teratogen ethanol leads to dysmorphias, including eye and brain morphology defects associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd). exposure of xenopus laevis embryos to ethanol leads to similar developmental defects, including brain and eye dysmorphism, confirming our work and the work of others showing xenopus as a useful system for studies of the brain and eye birth defects associated with fasd. several targets of ethanol action have been hypothesi ... | 2019 | 32685918 |
| evaluating potential distribution of high-risk aquatic invasive species in the water garden and aquarium trade at a global scale based on current established populations. | aquatic non-native invasive species are commonly traded in the worldwide water garden and aquarium markets, and some of these species pose major threats to the economy, the environment, and human health. understanding the potential suitable habitat for these species at a global scale and at regional scales can inform risk assessments and predict future potential establishment. typically, global habitat suitability models are fit for freshwater species with only climate variables, which provides ... | 2019 | 30428498 |
| loc496300 is expressed in the endoderm of developing xenopus laevis embryos. | 2019 | 32550462 | |
| using hdr and a template to introduce an in-frame ha tag on the 3' end of the xenopus laevis gata2.l open reading frame. | 2019 | 32550411 | |
| the peptide transporter 1a of the zebrafish danio rerio, an emerging model in nutrigenomics and nutrition research: molecular characterization, functional properties, and expression analysis. | peptide transporter 1 (pept1, alias slc15a1) mediates the uptake of dietary di/tripeptides in all vertebrates. however, in teleost fish, more than one pept1-type transporter might function, due to specific whole genome duplication event(s) that occurred during their evolution leading to a more complex paralogue gene repertoire than in higher vertebrates (tetrapods). | 2019 | 31890051 |
| myelopoiesis of the amphibian xenopus laevis is segregated to the bone marrow, away from their hematopoietic peripheral liver. | across vertebrates, hematopoiesis takes place within designated tissues, wherein committed myeloid progenitors further differentiate toward cells with megakaryocyte/erythroid potential (mep) or those with granulocyte/macrophage potential (gmp). while the liver periphery (lp) of the xenopus laevis amphibian functions as a principal site of hematopoiesis and contains meps, cells with gmp potential are instead segregated to the bone marrow (bm) of this animal. presently, using gene expression and w ... | 2019 | 32038608 |
| autophagy induction by hdac inhibitors is unlikely to be the mechanism of efficacy in prevention of retinal degeneration caused by p23h rhodopsin. | we previously found that valproic acid (vpa) and other histone deacetylase inhibitors (hdacis) ameliorate retinal degeneration (rd) caused by p23h rhodopsin in xenopus laevis larvae and hypothesized that this may be due to enhancement of autophagy. here we use x. laevis expressing an autophagy marker to assess effects of hdacis on autophagy. we also assess the effects of non-hdaci activators and inducers of autophagy on rd caused by p23h rhodopsin. | 2019 | 31884645 |
| expression and ion transport activity of rice oshkt1;1 variants. | oshkt1;1 in rice, belongs to the high-affinity k+ transporter family, has been found to be involved in salt tolerance. oshkt1;1 in japonica rice (nipponbare) produces mrna variants, but their functions remain elusive. in salt tolerant rice, pokkali, eight oshkt1;1 variants (v1-v8) were identified in addition to the full-length oshkt1;1 (fl) cdna. absolute quantification by qpcr revealed that accumulation of oshkt1;1-fl mrna is minor in contrast to that of oshkt1;1-v1, -v2, -v4, and -v7 mrnas, al ... | 2019 | 31877741 |
| prominin-1 and photoreceptor cadherin localization in xenopus laevis: protein-protein relationships and function. | retinal degenerative diseases are genetically diverse and rare inherited disorders that cause the death of rod and cone photoreceptors, resulting in progressive vision loss and blindness. this review will focus on two retinal degeneration-causing genes: prominin-1 (prom1) and photoreceptor cadherin (prcad). we will discuss protein localization, potential roles in photoreceptor outer segment disc morphogenesis, and areas for future investigation. | 2019 | 31884658 |
| characterization of spinal cord damage based on automatic video analysis of froglet swimming. | xenopus laevis frogs are a widely used organism to study aspects of modern biology ( harland and grainger, 2011). its central nervous system is particularly interesting, because in certain stages of metamorphosis the spinal cord can regenerate after injury and recover swimming. with this in mind, automatic gait analysis could help evaluate the regenerative performance by means of a method that automatically and quantitatively establishes the degree in froglets' limb movement. here, we present an ... | 2019 | 31852668 |
| antiarrhythmic properties of ranolazine: inhibition of atrial fibrillation associated task-1 potassium channels. | background: atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. despite good progress within the past years, safe and effective treatment of af remains an unmet clinical need. the anti-anginal agent ranolazine has been shown to exhibit antiarrhythmic properties via mainly late ina and ikr blockade. this results in prolongation of the atrial action potential duration (apd) and effective refractory period ( ... | 2019 | 32038227 |
| a novel calcium-activated potassium channel controls membrane potential and intracellular ph in trypanosoma cruzi. | trypanosoma cruzi develops in environments where nutrient availability, osmolarity, ionic concentrations, and ph undergo significant changes. the ability to adapt and respond to such conditions determines the survival and successful transmission of t. cruzi. ion channels play fundamental roles in controlling physiological parameters that ensure cell homeostasis by rapidly triggering compensatory mechanisms. combining molecular, cellular and electrophysiological approaches we have identified and ... | 2019 | 32010643 |
| the chalcone lonchocarpin inhibits wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses colorectal cancer proliferation. | the deregulation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a central event in colorectal cancer progression, thus a promising target for drug development. many natural compounds, such as flavonoids, have been described as wnt/β-catenin inhibitors and consequently modulate important biological processes like inflammation, redox balance, cancer promotion and progress, as well as cancer cell death. in this context, we identified the chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from lonchocarpus sericeus as a wnt ... | 2019 | 31817828 |
| the tff peptides xp1 and xp4 appear in distinctive forms in the xenopus laevis gastric mucosa: indications for different protective functions. | the gastric secretory trefoil factor family (tff) peptides xp1 and xp4 are the xenopus laevis orthologs of mammalian tff1 and tff2, respectively. the aim of this study was to analyze the molecular forms of xp1 and xp4 in the x. laevis gastric mucosa by fplc. xp1 mainly occurred in a monomeric low-molecular-mass form and only a minor subset is associated with the mucus fraction. the occurrence of monomeric xp1 is unexpected because of its odd number of cysteine residues. probably a conserved acid ... | 2019 | 31801293 |
| repression of inappropriate gene expression in the vertebrate embryonic ectoderm. | during vertebrate embryogenesis, precise regulation of gene expression is crucial for proper cell fate determination. much of what we know about vertebrate development has been gleaned from experiments performed on embryos of the amphibian xenopus laevis; this review will focus primarily on studies of this model organism. an early critical step during vertebrate development is the formation of the three primary germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm-which emerge during the process of gastr ... | 2019 | 31698780 |
| identification and characterisation of two high-affinity glucose transporters from the spoilage yeast brettanomyces bruxellensis. | the yeast brettanomyces bruxellensis (syn. dekkera bruxellensis) is an emerging and undesirable contaminant in industrial low-sugar ethanol fermentations that employ the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. high-affinity glucose import in b. bruxellensis has been proposed to be the mechanism by which this yeast can outcompete s. cerevisiae. the present study describes the characterization of two b. bruxellensis genes (bht1 and bht3) believed to encode putative high-affinity glucose transporters. in v ... | 2019 | 31665273 |
| mathematical model explaining the role of cdc6 in the diauxic growth of cdk1 activity during the m-phase of the cell cycle. | in this paper we propose a role for the cdc 6 protein in the entry of cells into mitosis. this has not been considered in the literature so far. recent experiments suggest that cdc 6 , upon entry into mitosis, inhibits the appearance of active cdk 1 and cyclin b complexes. this paper proposes a mathematical model which incorporates the dynamics of kinase cdk 1 , its regulatory protein cyclin b, the regulatory phosphatase cdc 25 and the inhibitor cdc 6 known to be involved in the regulation of ac ... | 2019 | 31795221 |
| spontaneous emergence of cell-like organization in xenopus egg extracts. | every daughter cell inherits two things from its mother: genetic information and a spatially organized complement of macromolecular complexes and organelles. the extent to which de novo self-organization, as opposed to inheritance of an already organized state, can suffice to yield functional cells is uncertain. we used xenopus laevis egg extracts to show that homogenized interphase egg cytoplasm self-organizes over the course of ~30 minutes into compartments 300 to 400 micrometers in length tha ... | 2019 | 31672897 |
| single-cell proteomics in complex tissues using microprobe capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. | direct measurement of proteins produced by single cells promises to expand our understanding of molecular cell-to-cell differences (heterogeneity) and their contribution to normal and impaired development. high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) is the modern technology of choice for the label-free identification and quantification of proteins, albeit usually in large populations of cells. recent advances in microscale sample collection and processing, separation, and ionization have extended t ... | 2019 | 31668233 |
| reference gene validation for quantitative real-time pcr studies in amphibian kidney-derived a6 epithelial cells. | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is a widely used technique that relies on reference genes for the normalisation of gene expression. these reference genes are constitutively expressed and must remain stable across all samples and treatments. stability of housekeeping genes may vary and must be optimised for a specific tissue, sample or cell line. here we present a study screening for possible reference gene candidates, eef1a1, rpl8, sub1.l, clta, h4 and odc1, in the xenopus laevi ... | 2019 | 31333044 |
| involvement of g-quadruplex regions in mammalian replication origin activity. | genome-wide studies of dna replication origins revealed that origins preferentially associate with an origin g-rich repeated element (ogre), potentially forming g-quadruplexes (g4). here, we functionally address their requirements for dna replication initiation in a series of independent approaches. deletion of the ogre/g4 sequence strongly decreased the corresponding origin activity. conversely, the insertion of an ogre/g4 element created a new replication origin. this element also promoted rep ... | 2019 | 31332171 |
| na3 glycan: a potential therapy for retinal pigment epithelial deficiency. | atrophic age-related macular degeneration (amd) is the most common type of amd, yet there is no united states food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapy. this disease is characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (rpe) insufficiency, primarily in the macula, which affects the structure and physiology of photoreceptors and ultimately, visual function. in this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a naturally derived small molecule glycan therapeutic-asialo-, tri-antennary comple ... | 2019 | 31322324 |
| structure, development, and functional morphology of the cement gland of the giant danio, devario malabaricus. | aquatic species in several clades possess cement glands producing adhesive secretions of various strengths. in vertebrates, transient adhesive organs have been extensively studied in xenopus laevis, other anurans, and in several fish species. however, the development of these structures is not fully understood. | 2019 | 31310039 |
| evaluating the role of fish as surrogates for amphibians in pesticide ecological risk assessment. | ecological risk of chemicals to aquatic-phase amphibians has historically been evaluated by comparing estimated environmental concentrations in surface water to surrogate toxicity data from fish species. despite their obvious similarities, there are biological disparities among fish and amphibians that could affect their exposure and response to chemicals. given the alarming decline in amphibians, in which anthropogenic pollutants play at least some role, investigating the risk of chemicals to a ... | 2019 | 31299708 |
| the many faces of xenopus: xenopus laevis as a model system to study wolf-hirschhorn syndrome. | wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (whs) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and various physical malformations including craniofacial, skeletal, and cardiac defects. these phenotypes, as they involve structures that are derived from the cranial neural crest, suggest that whs may be associated with abnormalities in neural crest cell (ncc) migration. this syndrome is linked with assorted mutations on the short arm of chromosome 4, most notably the microdeletion of a cr ... | 2019 | 31297068 |
| phosphomimetic substitution at ser-33 of the chloroquine resistance transporter pfcrt reconstitutes drug responses in plasmodium falciparum. | the chloroquine resistance transporter pfcrt of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum confers resistance to the former first-line antimalarial drug chloroquine, and it modulates the responsiveness to a wide range of quinoline and quinoline-like compounds. pfcrt is post-translationally modified by phosphorylation, palmitoylation, and, possibly, ubiquitination. however, the impact of these post-translational modifications on p. falciparum biology and, in particular, the drug resistance- ... | 2019 | 31285265 |
| disruptive effects of two organotin pesticides on the thyroid signaling pathway in xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. | organotin compounds are the ubiquitous environmental pollutants due to their wide industrial and agricultural applications and unexpected releasing into the environment, which show characteristic of endocrine disruptors to interfere with the synthesis, receptor binding or action of endogenous-hormones. organotin pesticides (otps) are used in agriculture and may impact endocrine functions on organisms. thyroid hormones (ths) play fundamental roles in regulating the basal metabolism and energy bal ... | 2019 | 31476497 |
| disruption of the lotus japonicus transporter ljnpf2.9 increases shoot biomass and nitrate content without affecting symbiotic performances. | after uptake from soil into the root tissue, distribution and allocation of nitrate throughout the whole plant body, is a critical step of nitrogen use efficiency (nue) and for modulation of plant growth in response to various environmental conditions. in legume plants nitrate distribution is also important for the regulation of the nodulation process that allows to fix atmospheric n (n2) through the symbiotic interaction with rhizobia (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, snf). | 2019 | 31470797 |
| comparative analysis of the developmental toxicity in xenopus laevis and danio rerio induced by al2 o3 nanoparticle exposure. | engineered aluminum oxide nanoparticles (al2 o3 nps) having high-grade thermal stability and water-dispersion properties are extensively used in different industries and personal care products. toxicological response evaluation of these nps is indispensable in assessing the health risks and exposure limits because of their industrial disposal into the aquatic environment. we assessed and compared the developmental toxicity of al2 o3 nps in xenopus laevis and danio rerio over a period of 96 h usi ... | 2019 | 31470468 |
| divergent roles of the wnt/pcp formin daam1 in renal ciliogenesis. | kidneys are composed of numerous ciliated epithelial tubules called nephrons. each nephron functions to reabsorb nutrients and concentrate waste products into urine. defects in primary cilia are associated with abnormal formation of nephrons and cyst formation in a wide range of kidney disorders. previous work in xenopus laevis and zebrafish embryos established that loss of components that make up the wnt/pcp pathway, daam1 and arhgef19 (wgef) perturb kidney tubulogenesis. dishevelled, which act ... | 2019 | 31469868 |
| in cell nmr spectroscopy: investigation of g-quadruplex structures inside living xenopus laevis oocytes. | g-quadruplexes are inherently polymorphic nucleic acid structures. their folding topology depends on the nucleic acid primary sequence and on physical-chemical environmental factors. hence, it remains unclear if a g-quadruplex topology determined in the test tube (in vitro) will also form in vivo. characterization of g-quadruplexes in their native environment has been proposed as an efficient strategy to tackle this issue. so far, characterization of g-quadruplex structures in living cells has r ... | 2019 | 31444765 |
| functional characterization of smn evolution in mouse models of sma. | spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder and the leading genetic cause of infantile mortality. while several functions have been ascribed to the smn (survival motor neuron) protein, their specific contribution to the disease has yet to be fully elucidated. we hypothesized that some, but not all, smn homologues would rescue the sma phenotype in mouse models, thereby identifying disease-relevant domains. using aav9 to deliver smn homologs to sma mice, we identified a ... | 2019 | 31263170 |
| neuroendocrine modulation of predator avoidance/prey capture tradeoffs: role of tectal npy2r receptors. | the optic tectum rapidly inhibits food intake when a visual threat is present. anatomical and electrophysiological evidence support a role for neuropeptide y (npy), originating from cells in the thalamus, in the tectal inhibition of prey capture. here we test the hypothesis that tectal npy receptor type 2 (npy2r) influences prey-capture and predator-avoidance responses in the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis. we tested two questions: 1) does tectal npy administration decrease food intake and ... | 2019 | 31271760 |
| impact of 4-aminopyridine on vestibulo-ocular reflex performance. | vestibulo-ocular reflexes (vor) are mediated by frequency-tuned pathways that separately transform the different dynamic and static aspects of head motion/position-related sensory signals into extraocular motor commands. voltage-dependent potassium conductances such as those formed by kv1.1 are important for the ability of vor circuit elements to encode highly transient motion components. here we describe the impact of the kv1.1 channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) on spontaneous and motion-ev ... | 2019 | 31270663 |
| impacts of the synthetic androgen trenbolone on gonad differentiation and development - comparisons between three deeply diverged anuran families. | using a recently developed approach for testing endocrine disruptive chemicals (edcs) in amphibians, comprising synchronized tadpole exposure plus genetic and histological sexing of metamorphs in a flow-through-system, we tested the effects of 17β-trenbolone (tb), a widely used growth promoter in cattle farming, in three deeply diverged anuran families: the amphibian model species xenopus laevis (pipidae) and the non-models bufo(tes) viridis (bufonidae) and hyla arborea (hylidae). trenbolone was ... | 2019 | 31270347 |
| developmentally regulated gtp-binding protein 1 modulates ciliogenesis via an interaction with dishevelled. | cilia are critical for proper embryonic development and maintaining homeostasis. although extensively studied, there are still significant gaps regarding the proteins involved in regulating ciliogenesis. using the xenopus laevis embryo, we show that dishevelled (dvl), a key wnt signaling scaffold that is critical to proper ciliogenesis, interacts with drg1 (developmentally regulated gtp-binding protein 1). the loss of drg1 or disruption of the interaction with dvl reduces the length and number o ... | 2019 | 31270137 |
| phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip2) and ca2+ are both required to open the cl- channel tmem16a. | transmembrane member 16a (tmem16a) is a widely expressed ca2+-activated cl- channel with various physiological functions ranging from mucosal secretion to regulating smooth muscle contraction. understanding how tmem16a controls these physiological processes and how its dysregulation may cause disease requires a detailed understanding of how cellular processes and second messengers alter tmem16a channel gating. here we assessed the regulation of tmem16a gating by recording ca2+-evoked cl- current ... | 2019 | 31266809 |
| dyrk1a-related intellectual disability: a syndrome associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. | haploinsufficiency of dyrk1a causes a recognizable clinical syndrome. the goal of this paper is to investigate congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (cakut) and genital defects (gd) in patients with dyrk1a variants. | 2019 | 31263215 |
| catalyst-free click pegylation reveals substantial mitochondrial atp synthase sub-unit alpha oxidation before and after fertilisation. | using non-reducing western blotting to assess protein thiol redox state is challenging because most reduced and oxidised forms migrate at the same molecular weight and are, therefore, indistinguishable. while copper catalysed click chemistry can be used to ligate a polyethylene glycol (peg) moiety termed click pegylation to mass shift the reduced or oxidised form as desired, the potential for copper catalysed auto-oxidation is problematic. here we define a catalyst-free trans-cyclooctene-methylt ... | 2019 | 31234016 |
| assessing predator-prey interactions in a chemically altered aquatic environment: the effects of ddt on xenopus laevis and culex sp. larvae interactions and behaviour. | behavioural assays are used as a tool to understand ecotoxicological effects on organisms, but are often not applied in an ecologically relevant context. assessment of the effect of chemical contaminants on behaviours relating to fitness and trophic interactions for example, requires incorporating predator-prey interactions to create impact assessments. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) is a controlled substance but is still regularly used as a form of mosquito control. there is little expli ... | 2019 | 31278447 |
| effects of cis-bifenthrin enantiomers on the growth, behavioral, biomarkers of oxidative damage and bioaccumulation in xenopus laevis. | chirality should be taken into consideration when assessing the effect of synthetic pyrethroids to aquatic environmental safety. in our study, 96 h acute toxicity assay showed that enantiomers of cis-bf had an addictive effect of toxicity on xenopus laevis and r-cis-bifenthrin(r-cis-bf) had higher acute toxicity than s-cis-bf. in chronic assay, r-cis-bf exerted more toxic effect on behavior and development of tadpoles than s-cis-bf, and there was also enantioselective effect of cis-bf on antioxi ... | 2019 | 31276910 |
| ism1 regulates nodal signaling and asymmetric organ morphogenesis during development. | isthmin1 (ism1) was originally identified as a fibroblast group factor expressed in xenopus laevis embryonic brain, but its biological functions remain unclear. the spatiotemporal distribution of ism1, with high expression in the anterior primitive streak of the chick embryo and the anterior mesendoderm of the mouse embryo, suggested that ism1 may regulate signaling by the nodal subfamily of tgb-β cytokines that control embryo patterning. we report that ism1 is an inhibitor of nodal signaling. i ... | 2019 | 31171630 |
| cardiotoxicity in african clawed frog (xenopus laevis) sub-chronically exposed to environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations: implications for species survival. | the toxic effects of different atrazine concentrations on tadpoles and adult male african clawed frogs (xenopus laevis) were assessed in a controlled laboratory environment following 90 days' exposure. the aim was to elucidate the danger of atrazine exposure on the cardiac tissue relative to its critical function of rhythmic contractility, fundamental for optimal blood circulation and homeostasis. tadpoles and adult frogs were exposed to 0 μg/l (control), 0.01 μg l-1, 200 μg l-1 and 500 μg l-1 c ... | 2019 | 31203168 |
| peia-5466: a novel peptide antagonist containing non-natural amino acids that selectively targets α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | pharmacologically distinguishing α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) from closely related subtypes, particularly α6β2, has been challenging due to the lack of subtype-selective ligands. we created analogs of α-conotoxin (α-ctx) peia to identify ligand-receptor interactions that could be exploited to selectively increase potency and selectivity for α3β2 nachrs. a series of peia analogs were synthesized by replacing amino acid residues in the second disulfide loop with standard or nons ... | 2019 | 31194549 |
| single cell proteomics by data-independent acquisition to study embryonic asymmetry in xenopus laevis. | techniques that allow single cell analysis are gaining widespread attention, and most of these studies utilize genomics-based approaches. while nanofluidic technologies have enabled mass spectrometric analysis of single cells, these measurements have been limited to metabolomics and lipidomic studies. single cell proteomics has the potential to improve our understanding of intercellular heterogeneity. however, this approach has faced challenges including limited sample availability, as well as a ... | 2019 | 31194517 |
| injection of mrna isolated from trophozoites of giardia intestinalis induces expression of three types of chloride currents in xenopus laevis oocytes. | giardia lamblia is one of the most important worldwide causes of intestinal infections, yet little is known about its cellular physiology, especially the diversity of ionic channels that this parasite expresses. in this work, we show that injection of mrna isolated from trophozoites of giardia, into xenopus laevis oocytes, induces expression of three types of chloride currents (here referred to as icl-g1, icl-g2, and icl-g3), which have different biophysical and pharmacological properties. icl-g ... | 2019 | 31187589 |
| organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a4-mediated heterogeneous distribution of sulforhodamine-101 in rat hepatic lobules. | it has been known that organic anion-transporting polypeptides (oatps) involve hepatic transports several organic anionic compounds and drugs. this study aimed to investigate sulforhodamine-101 (sr-101) distribution in the rat liver, determine the molecules responsible for the distribution, and delineate the manner of distribution. after intravenous sr-101 administration, its distribution in frozen rat hepatic sections was examined. sr-101-derived signals were detected in regions around the hepa ... | 2019 | 31174976 |
| a sclerocornea-associated rad21 variant induces corneal stroma disorganization. | sclerocornea is a cornea opacification disorder. disorganized corneal stroma fibrils are observed in patients' cornea. previously we identified a rad21c1348t variant that is associated with a peripheral sclerocornea pedigree. to explore whether this rad21 variant can induce sclerocornea-related phenotype, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of such phenotype, the orthologous rad21 wild-type and variant mrnas were injected into xenopus laevis embryos and the developed eyes were subjected f ... | 2019 | 31173765 |
| acclimation temperature effects on locomotor traits in adult aquatic anurans (x. tropicalis and x. laevis) from different latitudes: possible implications for climate change. | climate change is in part responsible for the 70% decline in amphibian species numbers worldwide. although temperature is expected to impact whole-organism performance in ectotherms, reversible thermal acclimation has been suggested as a mechanism that may buffer responses to abrupt temperature changes. here, we test for an effect of acclimation on locomotor performance traits (jump force and stamina) in adults of two predominantly aquatic and closely related frog species from different climatic ... | 2019 | 31139411 |
| involvement of myt1 kinase in the g2 phase of the first cell cycle in xenopus laevis. | during cleavage of xenopus laevis, the first mitotic cell cycle immediately following fertilization is approximately 90 min and consists of s, g2, and m phases. in contrast, the subsequent eleven cell cycles are approximately 30 min and consist mostly of s and m phases. the balance between cdc25 and wee1a/myt1 is thought to be crucial for xenopus first cell cycle progression; however, the role of myt1 in this period has not been fully investigated. in this study, we examined the roles of myt1, w ... | 2019 | 31128913 |
| preserving genome integrity during the early embryonic dna replication cycles. | during the very early stages of embryonic development chromosome replication occurs under rather challenging conditions, including a very short cell cycle, absence of transcription, a relaxed dna damage response and, in certain animal species, a highly contracted s-phase. this raises the puzzling question of how the genome can be faithfully replicated in such a peculiar metabolic context. recent studies have provided new insights into this issue, and unveiled that embryos are prone to accumulate ... | 2019 | 31137726 |
| the effect of xenopus laevis egg extracts with/without brg1 on the development of preimplantation cloned mouse embryos. | summarymuch effort has been devoted to improving the efficiency of animal cloning. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brg1 contained in xenopus egg extracts on the development of cloned mouse embryos. the results showed that mouse nih/3t3 cells were able to express pluripotent genes after treatment with egg extracts, indicating that the egg extracts contained reprogramming factors. after co-injection of xenopus egg extracts and single mouse cumulus cells into enucleated mouse ... | 2019 | 31182178 |
| growth at cold temperature increases the number of motor neurons to optimize locomotor function. | during vertebrate development, spinal neurons differentiate and connect to generate a system that performs sensorimotor functions critical for survival. spontaneous ca2+ activity regulates different aspects of spinal neuron differentiation. it is unclear whether environmental factors can modulate this ca2+ activity in developing spinal neurons to alter their specialization and ultimately adjust sensorimotor behavior to fit the environment. here, we show that growing xenopus laevis embryos at col ... | 2019 | 31130453 |
| genome wide decrease of dna replication eye density at the midblastula transition of xenopus laevis. | during the first rapid divisions of early development in many species, the dna:cytoplasm ratio increases until the midblastula transition (mbt) when transcription resumes and cell cycles lengthen. s phase is very rapid in early embryos, about 20-30 times faster than in differentiated cells. using a combination of dna fiber studies and a xenopus laevis embryonic in vitro replication system, we show that s phase slows down shortly after the mbt owing to a genome wide decrease of replication eye de ... | 2019 | 31130065 |
| dspe-peg modification of α-conotoxin txid. | in order to improve stability of a peptide marine drug lead, α-conotoxin txid, we synthesized and modified txid at the n-terminal with dspe-peg-nhs by a nucleophilic substitution reaction to prepare the dspe-peg-txid for the first time. the reaction conditions, including solvent, ratio, ph, and reaction time, were optimized systematically and the optimal one was reacted in dimethyl formamide at ph 8.2 with triethylamine at room temperature for 120 h. the in vitro stabilities in serum, simulated ... | 2019 | 31181805 |
| ecotoxicity of nanomaterials in amphibians: a critical review. | nanomaterials (nms) have been used in a growing number of commercial products, and their rapid expansion could lead to their release into the aquatic environments. however, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nms in the biota, especially the amphibians. the present study revised the historical use of amphibian species as a model system for nanoecotoxicological studies and summarized the data available in the scientific literature about the genotoxic, mutagenic, histopathological, embr ... | 2019 | 31181520 |
| disassembly of actin and keratin networks by aurora b kinase at the midplane of cleaving xenopus laevis eggs. | the large length scale of xenopus laevis eggs facilitates observation of bulk cytoplasm dynamics far from the cortex during cytokinesis. the first furrow ingresses through the egg midplane, which is demarcated by chromosomal passenger complex (cpc) localized on microtubule bundles at the boundary between asters. using an extract system, we found that local kinase activity of the aurora b kinase (aurkb) subunit of the cpc caused disassembly of f-actin and keratin between asters and local softenin ... | 2019 | 31178324 |
| using the xenopus developmental eye regrowth system to distinguish the role of developmental versus regenerative mechanisms. | a longstanding challenge in regeneration biology is to understand the role of developmental mechanisms in restoring lost or damaged tissues and organs. as these body structures were built during embryogenesis, it is not surprising that a number of developmental mechanisms are also active during regeneration. however, it remains unclear whether developmental mechanisms act similarly or differently during regeneration as compared to development. since regeneration is studied in the context of matu ... | 2019 | 31139088 |
| neurotoxicity and mode of action of fluralaner on honeybee apis mellifera l. | fluralaner, a novel pesticide that targets the γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor (gabar) subunit of resistant to dieldrin (rdl), exhibits strong potential to be an insecticide to control agricultural insect pests. however, the risk and action of fluralaner to economic insects, e.g., honeybee apis mellifera linnaeus, remains unclear. | 2019 | 31081291 |
| comparative analysis of p4ha1 and p4ha2 expression during xenopus laevis development. | collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (c-p4hs) are evolutionary conserved enzymes whose activity is essential for the correct folding of stable triple helical molecules of collagen and collagen-like proteins. they play crucial roles in embryo development, connective tissue functional organization, tumor growth and metastasis. despite the important function of these enzymes, little is known about their expression during vertebrate development. in this study, we determine and compare the previously undes ... | 2019 | 31250915 |
| transcriptome analysis of regeneration during xenopus laevis experimental twinning. | animal embryos have the remarkable property of self-organization. over 125 years ago, hans driesch separated the two blastomeres of sea urchin embryos and obtained twins, in what was the foundation of experimental embryology. since then, embryonic twinning has been obtained experimentally in many animals. in a recent study, we developed bisection methods that generate identical twins reliably from xenopus blastula embryos. in the present study, we have investigated the transcriptome of regenerat ... | 2019 | 31250914 |
| data demonstrating distinct embryonic developmental defects induced by bisphenol a alternatives. | embryos of xenopus laevis (african clawed frog) were exposed to the widespread environmental plasticizers bisphenol af (bpaf; 0.003-3 μm), bisphenol a (bpa; 1-50 μm), or 17β-estradiol (e2; 10 μm) from just after fertilization through 96 hours of development. the potencies and cellular and morphological effects were compared across chemical treatments and controls. the embryos were staged, counted and imaged, and time-lapse movies collected, on an inverted stereomicroscope and camera. the data sh ... | 2019 | 31249853 |
| an extracellular acidic cleft confers profound h+-sensitivity to epithelial sodium channels containing the δ-subunit in xenopus laevis. | the limited sodium availability of freshwater and terrestrial environments was a major physiological challenge during vertebrate evolution. the epithelial sodium channel (enac) is present in the apical membrane of sodium-absorbing vertebrate epithelia and evolved as part of a machinery for efficient sodium conservation. enac belongs to the degenerin/enac protein family and is the only member that opens without an external stimulus. we hypothesized that enac evolved from a proton-activated sodium ... | 2019 | 31248986 |
| commentary on classic paper "gimlich, r.l., gerhart, j.c., 1984. early cellular interactions promote embryonic axis formation in xenopus laevis. dev biol 104, 117-130." | 2019 | 31235010 | |
| xenopus resources: transgenic, inbred and mutant animals, training opportunities, and web-based support. | two species of the clawed frog family, xenopus laevis and x. tropicalis, are widely used as tools to investigate both normal and disease-state biochemistry, genetics, cell biology, and developmental biology. to support both frog specialist and non-specialist scientists needing access to these models for their research, a number of centralized resources exist around the world. these include centers that hold live and frozen stocks of transgenic, inbred and mutant animals and centers that hold mol ... | 2019 | 31073289 |
| pdgf-b: the missing piece in the mosaic of pdgf family role in craniofacial development. | the platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf) family consists of four ligands (pdgf-a, pdgf-b, pdgf-c, pdgf-d) and two tyrosine kinase receptors (pdgfr-α and pdgfr-β). in vertebrates, pdgf signaling influences cell proliferation, migration, and matrix deposition, and its up-regulation is implicated in cancer progression. despite this evidence, the role of each family member during embryogenesis is still incomplete and partially controversial. in particular, study of the role of pdgf signaling during ... | 2019 | 31070827 |
| spindle-f-actin interactions in mitotic spindles in an intact vertebrate epithelium. | mitotic spindles are well known to be assembled from and dependent on microtubules. in contrast, whether actin filaments (f-actin) are required for or are even present in mitotic spindles has long been controversial. here we have developed improved methods for simultaneously preserving f-actin and microtubules in fixed samples and exploited them to demonstrate that f-actin is indeed associated with mitotic spindles in intact xenopus laevis embryonic epithelia. we also find that there is an "f-ac ... | 2019 | 31091161 |
| methods for investigating trp channel gating. | a complete characterization of temperature -and voltage-activated trp channel gating requires a precise determination of the absolute probability of opening in a wide range of voltages, temperatures, and agonist concentrations. we have achieved this in the case of the trpm8 channel expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes. measurements covered an extensive range of probabilities and unprecedented applied voltages up to 500 mv. in this chapter, we describe animal care protocols of patch-clamp pipette ... | 2019 | 31028680 |
| the c-type atp-binding cassette transporter osabcc7 is involved in the root-to-shoot translocation of arsenic in rice. | rice is a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (as), a nonthreshold carcinogen. reducing as accumulation in rice grain is of critical importance for food safety. in the present study, we investigated the role of a member of the rice c-type atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter (osabcc) family, osabcc7, in arsenite [as(iii)] accumulation in rice. quantitative real-time rt-pcr showed that osabcc7 was expressed intensively in the roots and the expression was strongly suppressed by as(iii) exp ... | 2019 | 31028396 |
| a ywhaz variant associated with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome activates the raf-erk pathway. | cardiofaciocutaneous (cfc) syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects, and skin abnormalities. several germline gain-of-function mutations in the ras/raf/mek/erk pathway are associated with the disease, including kras, braf, mek1, and mek2. cfc syndrome thus belongs to a group of disorders known as rasopathies, which are all caused by pathogenic mutations in various genes encoding components of the ras pathway. we recently identified nov ... | 2019 | 31024343 |
| effects of nonylphenols on embryonic development and metamorphosis of xenopus laevis: fetax and amphibian metamorphosis toxicity test (oecd tg231). | nonylphenols (nps) are a group of endocrine-disrupting surfactants that mimic estrogen. to determine the developmental toxicity and thyroid-disrupting effect of nps, the effects of exposure to nonylphenol (np), 4-nonylphenol (4-np), and nonylphenol ethoxylate (np-12) were examined according to the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-xenopus (fetax) and organization for economic co-operation and development test guidelines 231 (tg231). in fetax, the lc50 values of np, 4-np, and np-12 were 59.14 mg/l, ... | 2019 | 31022611 |