Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cholera outbreaks caused by an altered vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype strain producing classical cholera toxin b in vietnam in 2007 to 2008. | vibrio cholerae o1 isolates collected during cholera outbreaks occurring from late 2007 to early 2008 in northern vietnam were revealed to represent an altered strain containing the rs1 element followed by a ctx prophage harboring el tor type rstr and classical ctxb on the large chromosome. | 2009 | 19297603 |
| stringent response in vibrio cholerae: genetic analysis of spot gene function and identification of a novel (p)ppgpp synthetase gene. | rela and spot of gram-negative organisms critically regulate cellular levels of (p)ppgpp. here, we have dissected the spot gene function of the cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae by extensive genetic analysis. unlike escherichia coli, v. choleraedeltareladeltaspot cells accumulated (p)ppgpp upon fatty acid or glucose starvation. the result strongly suggests rela-spot-independent (p)ppgpp synthesis in v. cholerae. by repeated subculturing of a v. choleraedeltareladeltaspot mutant, a suppressor stra ... | 2009 | 19298370 |
| genetic mapping of secretion and functional determinants of the vibrio cholerae tcpf colonization factor. | colonization of the human small intestine by vibrio cholerae requires the type iv toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). tcpf, which is encoded within the tcp operon, is secreted from the bacterial cell by the tcp apparatus and is also essential for colonization. bacteria lacking tcpf are deficient in colonization, and anti-tcpf antibodies are protective in the infant mouse cholera model. in order to elucidate the regions of the protein that are required for secretion through the tcp apparatus and for i ... | 2009 | 19304855 |
| transmembrane cholesterol migration in planar lipid membranes measured with vibrio cholerae cytolysin as molecular tool. | the rate of transbilayer movement (flip-flop) of cholesterol was estimated using planar bilayers with defined initial asymmetry, formed by the opposing monolayers technique. vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) was utilized as a molecular tool for measuring the cholesterol concentration in the cis leaflet of asymmetric bilayers. to quantify cholesterol flip-flop in planar lipid bilayers, a mathematical model was developed. it considers both the lateral diffusion rate of cholesterol within each monola ... | 2009 | 19306957 |
| [comparison of the transcriptional levels of mannitol pts operon between epidemic and non-epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae]. | to compare the transcription difference of the mannitol pts genes between epidemic and non-epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae el tor in mannitol ferment tests. | 2009 | 19317060 |
| hlyu acts as an h-ns antirepressor in the regulation of the rtx toxin gene essential for the virulence of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus cmcp6. | in vibrio vulnificus, hlyu upregulates the expression of the large rtx toxin gene. in this work we identified the binding site of hlyu to -417 to -376 bp of the rtxa1 operon transcription start site. lacz fusions for a series of progressive deletions from the rtxa1 operon promoter showed that transcriptional activity increased independently of hlyu when its binding site was absent. thus hlyu must regulate the rtxa1 operon expression by antagonizing a negative regulator. concomitantly we found th ... | 2009 | 19320834 |
| the three-dimensional structure of the cytoplasmic domains of epsf from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio cholerae. | the type 2 secretion system (t2ss), a multi-protein machinery that spans both the inner and the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria, is used for the secretion of several critically important proteins across the outer membrane. here we report the crystal structure of the n-terminal cytoplasmic domain of epsf, an inner membrane spanning t2ss protein from vibrio cholerae. this domain consists of a bundle of six anti-parallel helices and adopts a fold that has not been described before. the lo ... | 2009 | 19324092 |
| a toxin-antitoxin system promotes the maintenance of an integrative conjugative element. | sxt is an integrative and conjugative element (ice) that confers resistance to multiple antibiotics upon many clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae. in most cells, this approximately 100 kb element is integrated into the host genome in a site-specific fashion; however, sxt can excise to form an extrachromosomal circle that is thought to be the substrate for conjugative transfer. daughter cells lacking sxt can theoretically arise if cell division occurs prior to the element's reintegration. even t ... | 2009 | 19325886 |
| identification and characterization of oscr, a transcriptional regulator involved in osmolarity adaptation in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a facultative human pathogen. in its aquatic habitat and as it passes through the digestive tract, v. cholerae must cope with fluctuations in salinity. we analyzed the genome-wide transcriptional profile of v. cholerae grown at different nacl concentrations and determined that the expression of compatible solute biosynthesis and transporter genes, virulence genes, and genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation is differentially regulated. we determined that salinity modu ... | 2009 | 19329635 |
| indole acts as an extracellular cue regulating gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | indole has been proposed to act as an extracellular signal molecule influencing biofilm formation in a range of bacteria. for this study, the role of indole in vibrio cholerae biofilm formation was examined. it was shown that indole activates genes involved in vibrio polysaccharide (vps) production, which is essential for v. cholerae biofilm formation. in addition to activating these genes, it was determined using microarrays that indole influences the expression of many other genes, including t ... | 2009 | 19329638 |
| high prevalence of spirochetosis in cholera patients, bangladesh. | the microbes that accompany the etiologic agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, are only now being defined. in this study, spirochetes from the genus brachyspira were identified at high titers in more than one third of cholera patients in bangladesh. spirochetosis should now be tracked in the setting of cholera outbreaks. | 2009 | 19331734 |
| bystander protein protects potential vaccine-targeting ligands against intestinal proteolysis. | endowing mucosal vaccines with ligands that target antigen to mucosal lymphoid tissues may improve immunization efficacy provided that the ligands withstand the proteolytic environment of the gastro-intestinal tract until they reach their destination. our aim was to investigate whether and how three renowned ligands - ulex europaeus agglutinin i and the b subunits of cholera toxin and e. coli heat-labile enterotoxin - master this challenge. we assessed the digestive power of natural murine intes ... | 2009 | 19332091 |
| immunologic responses to vibrio cholerae in patients co-infected with intestinal parasites in bangladesh. | infection with intestinal helminths is common and may contribute to the decreased efficacy of vibrio cholerae vaccines in endemic compared to non-endemic areas. however, the immunomodulatory effects of concomitant intestinal parasitic infection in cholera patients have not been systematically evaluated. | 2009 | 19333369 |
| the vibrio cholerae cytolysin promotes chloride secretion from intact human intestinal mucosa. | the pathogenicity of the vibrio cholerae strains belonging to serogroup o1 and o139 is due to the production of virulence factors such as cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). the remaining serogroups, which mostly lack ct and tcp, are more frequently isolated from aquatic environmental sources than from clinical samples; nevertheless, these strains have been reported to cause human disease, such as sporadic outbreaks of watery diarrhoea and inflammatory enterocolitis. this e ... | 2009 | 19333391 |
| comparison of automated ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for subtyping of vibrio cholerae. | to compare the discriminatory power of an automated ribotyping method for vibrio cholerae subtyping with the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), to evaluate the possibility of automated ribotyping in use of outbreak investigations and surveillance of cholera. | 2009 | 19344358 |
| molecular diversification in the quorum-sensing system of vibrio cholerae: role of natural selection in the emergence of pandemic strains. | two haplotypes of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing system regulator hapr are described: hapr1, common among nonpandemic, non-o1, non-o139 strains, and hapr2, associated with pandemic o1 and o139 and epidemic o37 v. cholerae strains. the hapr2 has evolved under strong natural selection, implying that its fixation was influenced by conditions that led to cholera pandemics. | 2009 | 19346342 |
| cholera outbreak in kenyan refugee camp: risk factors for illness and importance of sanitation. | an outbreak of watery diarrhea struck within the kakuma refugee camp in kenya in april 2005; 418 people were treated, and 4 persons died. vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated from 33 patients. in june 2005, we conducted a retrospective matched case-control study to define risk factors associated with cholera among camp residents and identify interventions that could prevent further cases and future outbreaks. we identified cases of cholera through medical records at the main health facility in the ca ... | 2009 | 19346392 |
| expression of toll-like receptor 4 in uvea-resident tissue macrophages during endotoxin-induced uveitis. | to investigate the dynamics and distribution of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-positive cells and resident tissue macrophages in the uvea during endotoxin-induced uveitis (eiu) in wistar rats. | 2009 | 19347047 |
| csra interacting small rnas in haemophilus spp genomes: a theoretical analysis. | the csra is a carbon storage regulator gene that encodes a protein with multiple rna interaction sites. bacterial non-coding small rnas like csrb, csrc and their counterparts in diverse bacterial genus are identified to control the regulatory activities of csra and its orthologs. an attempt has been made in this study to identify 'novel' non-coding small rnas that are involved in the regulatory activities of csra gene. all csra-interacting small rnas are computationally fingerprinted to have mul ... | 2009 | 19350225 |
| [vibrio species in the waters of southern sweden caused bath-wound fever. increased bacteria frequency according to studies on clams]. | 2009 | 19350770 | |
| psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria used to improve the safety and quality of vacuum-packaged cooked and peeled tropical shrimp and cold-smoked salmon. | previously isolated lactic acid bacteria (lab) from seafood products have been investigated for their capacity to increase the sensory shelf life of vacuum-packaged shrimp and cold-smoked salmon and to inhibit the growth of three pathogenic bacteria. two different manufactured batches of cooked, peeled, and vacuum-packaged shrimp were inoculated with seven lab strains separately at an initial level of 5 log cfu g-t, and the spoilage was estimated by sensory analysis after 7 and 28 days of storag ... | 2009 | 19350982 |
| cholera outbreak--southern sudan, 2007. | vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an acute infectious diarrheal disease that can result in death without appropriate therapy, depending on the severity of the disease. war, poverty, inadequate sanitation, and large numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons (idps) are major precursors to cholera outbreaks. in 2005, southern sudan ended its 22-year civil war with north sudan; as a result, idps and refugees are returning to the south. during april--june 2007, investigators from the souther ... | 2009 | 19357634 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 associated with seawater and plankton from coastal marine areas of the caribbean sea. | the aim of this study was to characterize the virulence properties and the antimicrobial resistance of vibrio cholerae isolates from a coastal area of the caribbean sea. three v. cholerae isolates were obtained from seawater and plankton using the hp selective medium for helicobacter pylori. these v. cholerae isolates belonged to the non-o1, non-o139 serogroups and they did not have cholera toxin genes. they were resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins and were sensitive to netilmicin, ... | 2009 | 19358004 |
| inhibitory activity of myelin-associated glycoprotein on sensory neurons is largely independent of ngr1 and ngr2 and resides within ig-like domains 4 and 5. | myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag) is a sialic acid binding ig-like lectin (siglec) which has been characterized as potent myelin-derived inhibitor of neurite outgrowth. two members of the nogo-receptor (ngr) family, ngr1 and ngr2, have been identified as neuronal binding proteins of mag. in addition, gangliosides have been proposed to bind to and confer the inhibitory activity of mag on neurons. in this study, we investigated the individual contribution of ngrs and gangliosides to mag-mediate ... | 2009 | 19367338 |
| potent bactericidal action of a flavonoid fraction isolated from the stem bark of butea frondosa. | the flavonoid fraction isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction (bf-1) of butea frondosa (l.) stem bark exhibited distinct antimicrobial activity when tested against 129 bacterial strains belonging to 9 different genera of both gram-positive and gram-negative types. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the fraction bf-1 was determined following nccls guidelines using the agar dilution method. twenty-four out of 36 strains of staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 50-200 mg/l of the fractio ... | 2009 | 19368121 |
| polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. | acute diarrhoea is one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. glucose-based ors helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. since 2004, the world health organization has recommended the osmolarity < 270 mosm/l (ors </= 270 ) over the > 310 mosm/l formulation (ors >/= 310). glucose polymer-based ors (eg prepared using rice or wheat) slowly releases glucose and may be superior. | 2009 | 19370638 |
| riboswitch conformations revealed by small-angle x-ray scattering. | riboswitches are functional rna molecules that control gene expression through conformational changes in response to small-molecule ligand binding. in addition, riboswitch 3d structure, like that of other rna molecules, is dependent on cation-rna interactions as the rna backbone is highly negatively charged. here, we show how small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) can be used to probe rna conformations as a function of ligand and ion concentration. in a recent study of a glycine-binding tandem apta ... | 2009 | 19381558 |
| circulating phage type of vibrio cholerae in mysore. | 2009 | 19384046 | |
| prevalence and virulence properties of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae strains from seafood and clinical samples collected in italy. | seafood and clinical samples collected in italy during 2006 were analyzed to evaluate prevalence, serological and virulence properties of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae (ncv) isolates. biochemical and serological characterization of the strains was performed by standardized procedures while virulence properties of ncvs were assayed by molecular, in vivo and in vitro toxicological methods. of the 300 seafood samples examined, including mussel, cod, mackerel, anchovy, clam, prawn and cuttlefish, ... | 2009 | 19386376 |
| characterization of a novel protective monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope common to vibrio cholerae ogawa and inaba serotypes. | a novel protective monoclonal antibody (mab) that recognizes a lipopolysaccharide (lps) epitope common between serotypes ogawa and inaba of the o1 serogroup of vibrio cholerae was characterized and the potential to develop peptide mimics of this protective lps epitope was investigated. mab 72.1 recognizes both ogawa and inaba lps and it is vibriocidal and protective in passive immunization against infection by strains of both serotypes. the cdna-derived amino acid sequence of mab 72.1 is closely ... | 2009 | 19389772 |
| [characterization of vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 isolates associated with diarrhea]. | vibrio cholerae, etiologic agent of cholera, is transmitted to humans by ingestion of contaminated food or water. even though serogroups o1 and o139 are the ones usually associated to epidemic cholera, isolates from other serogroups also cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. during the period 2003-2005, presence of v. cholerae in stools was investigated in children with diarrhea that seaked assistance at the niño jesús hospital in tucumán. thirty four isolates of v. cholerae non- ... | 2009 | 19391519 |
| oscr, a new osmolarity-responsive regulator in vibrio cholerae. | 2009 | 19395495 | |
| identification of a calcium-controlled negative regulatory system affecting vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. | vibrio cholerae's capacity to cause outbreaks of cholera is linked to its survival and adaptability to changes in aquatic environments. one of the environmental conditions that can vary in v. cholerae's natural aquatic habitats is calcium (ca(+2)). in this study, we investigated the response of v. cholerae to changes in extracellular ca(2+) levels. whole-genome expression profiling revealed that ca(2+) decreased the expression of genes required for biofilm matrix production. luria-bertani (lb) m ... | 2009 | 19397680 |
| direct regulation by the vibrio cholerae regulator toxt to modulate colonization and anticolonization pilus expression. | the pathogen vibrio cholerae uses a large number of coordinated transcriptional regulatory events to transition from its environmental reservoir to the host and establish itself at its preferred colonization site at the host intestinal mucosa. the key regulator in this process is the arac/xyls family transcription factor, toxt, which plays critical roles in pathogenesis, including the regulation of two type iv pili, the anticolonization factor mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and the toxin-coregu ... | 2009 | 19168737 |
| two sequential outbreaks in two villages illustrate the various modes of transmission of cholera. | we investigated two sequential outbreaks of severe diarrhoea in two neighbouring villages of orissa, in 2005. we conducted descriptive and matched case-control studies. the attack rates were 5.6% (n=62) and 5.2% (n=51), respectively, in the first and second villages. one death was reported in the second village (case fatality 2%). we identified that consumption of milk products prepared in the household of the index case [matched odds ratio (mor) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.7-30] in the ... | 2009 | 19171080 |
| culture supernatants from v. cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated from different geographic areas induce cell vacuolation and cytotoxicity. | to investigate whether the hlya-induced vacuolating effect is produced by v. cholerae o1 eltor strains isolated from different geographic origins, including mexico. | 2009 | 19180312 |
| improved purification process for cholera toxin and its application to the quantification of residual toxin in cholera vaccines. | a simplified method for the purification of cholera toxin was developed. the 569b strain of vibrio cholerae, a recognized hyper-producer of cholera toxin, was propagated in a bioreactor under conditions that promote the production of the toxin. the toxin was separated from the bacterial cells using 0.2-microm crossflow microfiltration, the clarified toxin was passed through the membrane into the permeate, and the bacterial cells were retained in the retentate. the 0.2-microm permeate was then co ... | 2009 | 19190416 |
| outbreaks caused by new variants of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor, india. | 2009 | 19193297 | |
| an alternative polyamine biosynthetic pathway is widespread in bacteria and essential for biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | polyamines are small organic cations found in all cells, and the biosynthetic pathway is well described in eukaryotes and escherichia coli. the characterized pathway uses decarboxylated s-adenosylmethionine as the aminopropyl group donor to form spermidine from putrescine by the key enzymes s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. we report here the in vivo characterization of an alternative polyamine biosynthetic pathway from vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of human chol ... | 2009 | 19196710 |
| mutagenesis and homology modeling of the tn21 integron integrase inti1. | horizontal dna transfer between bacteria is widespread and a major cause of antibiotic resistance. for logistic reasons, single or combined genes are shuttled between vectors such as plasmids and bacterial chromosomes. special elements termed integrons operate in such shuttling and are therefore vital for horizontal gene transfer. shorter elements carrying genes, cassettes, are integrated in the integrons, or excised from them, by virtue of a recombination site, attc, positioned in the 3' end of ... | 2009 | 19199791 |
| the core oligosaccharide and thioredoxin of vibrio cholerae are necessary for binding and propagation of its typing phage vp3. | vp3 is a t7-like phage and was used as one of the typing phages in a phage-biotyping scheme that has been used for the typing of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor. here, we studied the receptor and other host genes of v. cholerae necessary for the lytic propagation of vp3. six mutants resistant to vp3 infection were obtained from the random transposon insertion mutant bank of the sensitive strain n16961. the genes vc0229 and vc0231, which belong to the wav gene cluster encoding the core oligosac ... | 2009 | 19201789 |
| a conserved alpha-helix essential for a type vi secretion-like system of francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis harbors genes with similarity to genes encoding components of a type vi secretion system (t6ss) recently identified in several gram-negative bacteria. these genes include igla and iglb encoding igla and iglb, homologues of which are conserved in most t6sss. we used a yeast two-hybrid system to study the interaction of the igl proteins of f. tularensis lvs. we identified a region of igla, encompassing residues 33 to 132, necessary for efficient binding to iglb, as well as f ... | 2009 | 19201795 |
| peruvian vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains possess a distinct region in the vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii that differentiates them from the prototype seventh pandemic el tor strains. | a collection of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from the beginning of the latin american epidemic of cholera in 1991 to 2003 from multiple locations in peru were characterized and compared with v. cholerae o1 el tor strains of the seventh pandemic from the rest of the world (asia, africa, australia and europe) using a multilocus virulence gene profiling strategy and dna sequencing. peruvian strains differed from el tor strains from the rest of the world by the f ... | 2009 | 19208885 |
| inferring disease-related pathways using a probabilistic epistasis model. | motivation: we present a probabilistic model called a joint intervention network (jin) for inferring interactions among a chosen set of regulator genes. the input to the method are expression changes of downstream indicator genes observed under the knock-out of the regulators. jin can use any number of perturbation combinations for model inference (e.g. single, double, and triple knock-outs). resuits/conclusions: we applied jin to a vibrio cholerae regulatory network to uncover mechanisms critic ... | 2009 | 19209724 |
| a variant in long palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 is associated with cholera in a bangladeshi population. | vibrio cholerae causes a dehydrating diarrheal illness that can be rapidly fatal in the absence of specific treatment. the organism is an historic scourge and, like similar infectious diseases, may have influenced the evolution of the human genome. we report here the results of the first candidate gene association study of cholera. in a family-based study of 76 pedigrees from dhaka, bangladesh, we evaluated the association between cholera and five candidate genes-the cystic fibrosis transmembran ... | 2009 | 19212328 |
| molecular analyses of vibrio cholerae o1 clinical strains, including new nontoxigenic variants isolated in mexico during the cholera epidemic years between 1991 and 2000. | we studied the evolution of vibrio cholerae o1 during the 1991 to 2000 cholera epidemic in mexico by biochemical, serological, and molecular characterization of strains collected during this period. strains were divided into toxigenic and nontoxigenic groups according to the presence or absence of genes encoding cholera toxin. as previously reported, we characterized two populations among toxigenic strains, which were present from the first year of the epidemic. bgli rrna analysis revealed that ... | 2009 | 19213700 |
| the impact of climate on the disease dynamics of cholera. | the size of infectious disease outbreaks frequently depends on climate influences as well as on the level of immunity in the host population. this is particularly the case with vectorborne and waterborne diseases, for which pathogen transmissibility critically depends on ecological conditions. here, a mathematical model that was applied to the bacterium vibrio cholerae to understand its disease dynamics in bangladesh is reviewed. when interfaced with empirical case data on cholera, the model sho ... | 2009 | 19220350 |
| surveillance of vibriophages reveals their role as biomonitoring agents in kolkata. | cholera is a public health threat in all developing countries. kolkata, a city in eastern india, is an endemic zone for cholera. during the course of a comprehensive investigation on the distribution of phages of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in freshwater bodies in kolkata, we were able to isolate the phages of v. cholerae o1 and o139. vibrio cholerae o1 phages were found at all the sites and exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with a primary peak (13.6-17.2 pfu ml(-1)) during monsoon (june to a ... | 2009 | 19220862 |
| experimental discovery of srnas in vibrio cholerae by direct cloning, 5s/trna depletion and parallel sequencing. | direct cloning and parallel sequencing, an extremely powerful method for microrna (mirna) discovery, has not yet been applied to bacterial transcriptomes. here we present srna-seq, an unbiased method that allows for interrogation of the entire small, non-coding rna (srna) repertoire in any prokaryotic or eukaryotic organism. this method includes a novel treatment that depletes total rna fractions of highly abundant trnas and small subunit rrna, thereby enriching the starting pool for srna transc ... | 2009 | 19223322 |
| glycogen contributes to the environmental persistence and transmission of vibrio cholerae. | pathogenic vibrio cholerae cycle between the nutrient-rich human intestinal tract and nutrient-poor aquatic environments and currently few bacterial factors are known that aid in the transition between these disparate environments. we hypothesized that the ability to store carbon as glycogen would facilitate both bacterial fitness in the aquatic environment and transmission of v. cholerae to new hosts. to investigate the role of glycogen in v. cholerae transmission, we constructed mutants that c ... | 2009 | 19226328 |
| single nanoparticle tracking-based detection of membrane receptor-ligand interactions. | we developed a single nanoparticle tracking-based detection method for membrane-associated molecules using a paucivalent gold nanoparticle (aunp)-modified supported lipid bilayer (slb) platform. here, the binding activity of membrane-associated molecules (cholera toxin binding to ganglioside gm(1) in this case) was determined by calculating the diffusion coefficients of membrane-tethered aunps. this nonbleaching nanoparticle-based method provides >100-fold improvement in sensitivity for the same ... | 2009 | 19228043 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera outbreaks in north india. | vibrio cholerae isolates recovered from cholera outbreaks in bhind district of madhya pradesh and delhi, northern india were characterized. the o1 serogroup isolates from bhind outbreak were of inaba serotype whereas both ogawa and inaba serotypes were recovered from delhi. pcr analysis revealed that only o1 serogroup v. cholerae isolates carried the virulence-associated genes like ctxa, tcpa, ace, and zot. molecular typing by repetitive sequence based eric, vcr1, and vc1 pcr's revealed similar ... | 2009 | 19229498 |
| killing of enteric bacteria in drinking water by a copper device for use in the home: laboratory evidence. | water inoculated with 500-1000 colony forming units/ml of escherichia coli, salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae was stored overnight at room temperature in copper pots or in glass bottles containing a copper coil devised by us. the organisms were no longer recoverable when cultured on conventional media, by contrast with water stored in control glass bottles under similar conditions. the amount of copper leached into the water after overnight storage in a copper pot or a glass bottle with a cop ... | 2009 | 19230946 |
| vibrio biofilms: so much the same yet so different. | vibrios are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and form symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with eukaryotic hosts. recent studies reveal that the ability of vibrios to form biofilms (i.e. matrix-enclosed, surface-associated communities) depends upon specific structural genes (flagella, pili and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis) and regulatory processes (two-component regulators, quorum sensing and c-di-gmp signaling). here, we compare and contrast mechanisms and regulation of biofilm fo ... | 2009 | 19231189 |
| single-pass classification of all noncoding sequences in a bacterial genome using phylogenetic profiles. | identification and characterization of functional elements in the noncoding regions of genomes is an elusive and time-consuming activity whose output does not keep up with the pace of genome sequencing. hundreds of bacterial genomes lay unexploited in terms of noncoding sequence analysis, although they may conceal a wide diversity of novel rna genes, riboswitches, or other regulatory elements. we describe a strategy that exploits the entirety of available bacterial genomes to classify all noncod ... | 2009 | 19237465 |
| cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 induces t-cell responses in the circulation. | considerable effort is being made to understand the acute and memory antibody responses in natural cholera infection, while rather less is known about the roles of cellular immune responses involving t and b lymphocytes. we studied responses in adult patients hospitalized with cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients (n = 15) were analyzed by flow cytometry after stimulation with v. cholerae o1 membrane protein (mp) or toxin-coregulated pilus antigen ... | 2009 | 19237532 |
| the oligomeric assembly of the novel haem-degrading protein hbps is essential for interaction with its cognate two-component sensor kinase. | hbps, a novel protein of previously unknown function from streptomyces reticuli, is up-regulated in response to haemin- and peroxide-based oxidative stress and interacts with the sens/senr two-component signal transduction system. in this study, we report the high-resolution crystal structures (2.2 and 1.6 a) of octomeric hbps crystallized in the presence and in the absence of haem and demonstrate that iron binds to surface-exposed lysine residues of an octomeric assembly. based on an analysis o ... | 2009 | 19244623 |
| remodelling of vipa/vipb tubules by clpv-mediated threading is crucial for type vi protein secretion. | the recently identified type vi secretion systems (t6ss) have a crucial function in the virulence of various proteobacteria, including the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. t6ss are encoded by a conserved gene cluster comprising approximately 15 open reading frames, mediating the appearance of hcp and vgrg proteins in cell culture supernatants. here, we analysed the function of the v. cholerae t6ss member clpv, a specialized aaa+ protein. clpv is crucial for a functional t6ss and interacts through ... | 2009 | 19131969 |
| quantitative determination of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate concentrations in nucleotide extracts of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the physiological response to small molecules (secondary messengers) is the outcome of a delicate equilibrium between biosynthesis and degradation of the signal. cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) is a novel secondary messenger present in many bacteria. it has a complex cellular metabolism whereby usually more than one enzyme synthesizing and degrading c-di-gmp is encoded by a bacterial genome. to assess the in vivo conditions of c-di-gmp signaling, we developed a high-performance liqui ... | 2009 | 19135022 |
| biogeographic patterns in genomic diversity among a large collection of vibrio cholerae isolates. | vibrio cholerae strains are capable of inhabiting multiple niches in the aquatic environment and in some cases cause disease in humans. however, the ecology and biodiversity of these bacteria in environmental settings remains poorly understood. we used the genomic fingerprinting technique enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr) to profile 835 environmental isolates from waters and sediments obtained at nine sites along the central california coast. we identified 1 ... | 2009 | 19139224 |
| a large cholera outbreak due to a new cholera toxin variant of the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype in orissa, eastern india. | a total of 32 vibrio cholerae isolates were collected during a recent large cholera outbreak in eastern india. biochemical and serological studies revealed that all of the isolates belonged to serogroup o1, biotype el tor, serotype ogawa. two multiplex pcr assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and pathogenic genes - ace, ctxab, hlya, ompu, ompw, rfbo1, rtx, tcp, toxr and zot - in all of the isolates. sequencing of the ctxb gene from the isolates revealed a novel mutation in the gene ... | 2009 | 19141742 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 clinical strains isolated in 1992 in kolkata with progenitor traits of the 2004 mozambique variant. | retrospective analysis led to the detection of two vibrio cholerae variant o1 strains (vc51 and vc53), which were isolated in 1992 in kolkata from clinical cases, with identical traits to 2004 mozambique variant o1 strains. the mozambique o1 strains that caused a huge outbreak in 2004 have been shown to have phenotypic traits of both classical and el tor biotypes, and thereby have been reported as variant. our study demonstrated that two o1 strains isolated in kolkata during 1992 were of the el ... | 2009 | 19141743 |
| giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south india identified by pcr-rflp. | giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in an urban slum in south india was characterized. of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea, whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (p = 0.061) and showed significantly ... | 2009 | 19141832 |
| robust gut associated vaccine-specific antibody-secreting cell responses are detected at the mucosal surface of bangladeshi subjects after immunization with an oral killed bivalent v. cholerae o1/o139 whole cell cholera vaccine: comparison with other mucosal and systemic responses. | the emergence of v. cholerae o139 serogroup of v. cholerae capable of causing severe dehydrating cholera has over the decade led to efforts in formulation of vaccines to protect against this pathogen. although the prevalence of diarrhea due to v. cholerae o139 has recorded a decrease, efforts on vaccine development continues to formulate an oral vaccine capable of stimulating the gut mucosal system. we have studied the mucosal immunogenicity in bangladeshi adults to a killed whole cell (wc) biva ... | 2009 | 19146897 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, austria 2007. | we studied the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in a village with a total population of approximately 6,000. this is the first study in austria that has investigated a broad range of pathogens recovered from an unselected population of patients who had consulted general practitioners because of gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19148576 |
| structural bioinformatics of vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase a (pepa) monomer. | aminopeptidase a (pepa) is a metalloexopeptidase found in vibrio cholerae .it functions as a transcriptional repressor in regulatory cascade that controls virulence gene expression in v. cholerae. it is involved in protein degradation and in the metabolism of biologically active peptides. we proposed a 3d model of pepa based upon the crystal structure of pepa from escherichia coli (e. coli) with an intention to evaluate the active site of the enzyme and to predict the properties of this enzyme, ... | 2009 | 19149671 |
| the electron transfer pathway of the na+-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | the na(+)-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) is the only respiratory enzyme that operates as a na(+) pump. this redox-driven na(+) pump is amenable to experimental approaches not available for h(+) pumps, providing an excellent system for mechanistic studies of ion translocation. an understanding of the internal electron transfer steps and their na(+) dependence is an essential prerequisite for such studies. to this end, we analyzed the reduction kinetics of the wild type na(+)-nqr, ... | 2009 | 19155212 |
| sxt-related integrating conjugative element and incc plasmids in vibrio cholerae o1 strains in eastern africa. | the objective of this study was to investigate the extent of resistance patterns and associated mobile genetic elements in epidemic v. cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated from eastern africa in the late 1990s. | 2009 | 19155226 |
| a molecular survey on virulence associated genotypes of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment of tehran, iran. | thirty-seven vibrio cholerae strains were isolated from surface water sources at 5 different locations in tehran, iran during 2006 and were identified as non-o1 and non-o139 isolates. pcr for sxt element and class 1 integron was positive for 19% and 5.4% of isolates, respectively. pcr for virulence associated-genes within the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) gene cluster showed the presence of lj, int and rj in 8, 59 and 30% of the isolates, respectively. none of the v. cholerae isolates contai ... | 2009 | 19157484 |
| pathogenic potential of vibriophages against an experimental infection with vibrio cholerae o1 in the ritard model. | cholera continues to be an important public health problem in developing countries, including india. this study concerns the feasibility of possible exploitation of bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent to eliminate the pathogen vibrio cholerae from the gut using the removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhoea (ritard) model. a control rabbit challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml of v. cholerae mak 757 developed grade ii to iv diarrhoea, but the phage-treated rabbit that receive ... | 2009 | 19157799 |
| incidence, virulence factors, and clonality among clinical strains of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in kolkata, india. | the incidence of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 strains from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea constituted 27.4% (n = 54) of the total 197 v. cholerae strains isolated from patients in kolkata, india, in 2003. of 197 strains, 135 were identified as o1 serotype ogawa and 2 were identified as o139. in the same time period, six o1 background rough strains that possessed all known virulence factors were identified. serotype analysis of the non-o1, non-o139 strains placed 42 strains into 19 ... | 2009 | 19158257 |
| influence of domain architecture and codon usage pattern on the evolution of virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. | cholera remains a heavy burden to human health in some developing countries including india where sanitation is poor and health care is limited. after the publication of the complete genome sequence of vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, extensive possibilities, earlier unavailable, have opened up to understand the genetic organization of v. cholerae. in the present study, we analyzed all the pathogenic non-horizontally transferred genes of v. cholerae to know the ancestral relati ... | 2009 | 19159613 |
| mechanism of action of zot-derived peptide at-1002, a tight junction regulator and absorption enhancer. | tight junctions (tjs) are intercellular structures that control paracellular permeability and epithelial polarity. it is now accepted that tjs are highly dynamic structures that are regulated in response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. here, we provide details on the mechanism of action of at-1002, the active domain of vibrio cholerae's second toxin, zonula occludens toxin (zot). at-1002, a hexamer peptide, caused the redistribution of zo-1 away from cell junctions as seen by fluorescence m ... | 2009 | 18832018 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 infection in cirrhotics: case report and literature review. | vibrio species are ubiquitous in the marine environment and can cause severe infections in cirrhotic patients. patients with liver disease should be warned about the potential dangers of consuming raw or undercooked seafood, and avoiding exposure of wounds to seawater. we report a case of severe sepsis from vibrio cholerae non-o1 in a patient with cirrhosis awaiting orthotopic liver transplant. this case is aimed to advise clinicians about the importance of v. cholerae subtypes, and non-cholera ... | 2009 | 18811633 |
| association of vibrio cholerae with plankton in coastal areas of mexico. | the el niño event of 1997/1998 provided an opportunity to carry out a field experiment in which the relationship of sea surface temperature and the association of vibrio cholerae with marine plankton could be assessed in mexican coastal and estuarine areas. plankton samples were collected from may 1997 through june 1999. sites included the mexican ports of veracruz, coatzacoalcos and frontera in the gulf of mexico and ensenada, guaymas, mazatlán, manzanillo, acapulco and oaxaca in the pacific oc ... | 2009 | 18793311 |
| bacterial enteropathogens of neonates admitted to an urban diarrhoeal hospital in bangladesh. | data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonates are scarce, especially from developing countries including bangladesh. a retrospective review of the electronic database of the microbiology laboratory of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b), was carried out to examine enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in neonates. stool specimens of the neonates on admission to the dhaka hospital of icddr,b were collected and sent to the laboratory for direct plati ... | 2009 | 18840632 |
| simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by qpcr in comparison with conventional bacterial indicators. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method was developed for simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by utilizing a pair of universal primers which targeted four bacteria strains, namely shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. it was estimated that the qpcr method had a 94% confidence, and a detection limit as 2.7 e. coli cells per sample in undiluted dna extracts. the qpcr method was applied for the bacteriolo ... | 2009 | 18931927 |
| differential immunogenicity of vibrio cholerae o139 variants expressing different combinations of naturally occurring and atypical forms of the serogroup polysaccharide. | field testing of an inactivated bivalent o1/o139 cholera vaccine suggests that vibrio cholerae o1 is more immunogenic than v. cholerae o139. to investigate whether this might be partly attributable to the production of capsular polysaccharide (cps) by o139 isolates, we have compared the immunogenicity of variant strains expressing different combinations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and cps. these studies indicate that the core-linked lps structure is of paramount importance for induction of antib ... | 2009 | 19100303 |
| a vibrio cholerae ghost-based subunit vaccine induces cross-protective chlamydial immunity that is enhanced by cta2b, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin. | the vibrio cholerae ghost (rvcg) platform is an effective carrier and delivery system for designing efficacious chlamydia vaccines. we investigated whether cta2b, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin, can augment protective immunity conferred by an rvcg-based chlamydial vaccine and enhance cross-protection against heterologous chlamydial strains. an rvcg vaccine coexpressing chlamydial major outer membrane protein and cta2b was genetically constructed and antigens were targeted to the inner ... | 2009 | 19040663 |
| genetic analysis of drosophila melanogaster susceptibility to intestinal vibrio cholerae infection. | we previously demonstrated that vibrio cholerae is able to colonize the intestine of the fly to produce a lethal infection. here we present the results of a genetic screen undertaken to identify factors that alter susceptibility of the fly to intestinal v. cholerae infection. in this model of infection, the eiger/wengen signalling pathway protects the fly against infection. furthermore, mutations within the imd signalling pathway increase resistance to intestinal v. cholerae infection and increa ... | 2009 | 19046341 |
| determination of relationships among non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains from housekeeping gene sequences and ribotype patterns. | sequencing of three housekeeping genes, mdh, dnae and reca, and ribotyping for seven non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from different geographic sources indicate a phylogenetic relationship among the strains. results of mlst and ribotyping indicate a clear difference between three toxigenic strains (n16961, o395, and 569b) and three non-toxigenic strains from india (gs1, gs2, and gw87) and one guam strain (x392), the latter of which were similar in both mlst and ribotyping, while ... | 2009 | 19028569 |
| multilocus genetic analysis reveals that the australian strains of vibrio cholerae o1 are similar to the pre-seventh pandemic strains of the el tor biotype. | episodes of cholera stemming from indigenous vibrio cholerae strains in australia are mainly associated with environmental sources. in the present study, 10 v. cholerae o1 strains of australian origin were characterized. all of the strains were serogroup o1 and their conventional phenotypic traits categorized them as belonging to the el tor biotype. genetic screening of 12 genomic regions that are associated with virulence in v. cholerae showed variable results. analysis of the ctxab gene showed ... | 2009 | 19074660 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 requires neither capsule nor lps o side chain to grow inside acanthamoeba castellanii. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has the ability to grow and survive in the aquatic free-living amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii. the aim of the present study was to examine the ability of the clinical isolate v. cholerae o139 mo10 to grow in a. castellanii and to determine the effect of the bacterial capsule and lps o side chain on intracellular growth. results from co-cultivation, viable counts, a gentamicin assay, electron microscopy and statistical analysis showed that the ass ... | 2009 | 19074664 |
| analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates from the northern cape province of south africa. | 2009 | 19074670 | |
| identification and characterization of a novel type iii secretion system in trh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strain th3996 reveal genetic lineage and diversity of pathogenic machinery beyond the species level. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen causative of food-borne gastroenteritis. whole-genome sequencing of v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633, which exhibits kanagawa phenomenon (kp), revealed the presence of two sets of the genes for the type iii secretion system (t3ss) on chromosomes 1 and 2, t3ss1 and t3ss2, respectively. although t3ss2 of the rimd2210633 strain is thought to be involved in human pathogenicity, i.e., enterotoxicity, the genes for t3ss2 have not been found in trh- ... | 2009 | 19075025 |
| sensitive, specific polymorphism discovery in bacteria using massively parallel sequencing. | our variant ascertainment algorithm, vaal, uses massively parallel dna sequence data to identify differences between bacterial genomes with high sensitivity and specificity. vaal detected approximately 98% of differences (including large insertion-deletions) between pairs of strains from three species while calling no false positives. vaal also pinpointed a single mutation between vibrio cholerae genomes, identifying an antibiotic's site of action by identifying sequence differences between drug ... | 2009 | 19079253 |
| ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of schistosoma mansoni cercaria. | an alternative to identify the critical processes necessary to the parasite establishment of the host is to focus on the evolutionary stage responsible for the primary invasion, i.e. the infection structure. the objective of this study was to ultrastructurally characterize schistosoma mansoni cercariae, using cytochemical techniques. in order to identify basic proteins, techniques such as ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (epta) and ammoniacal silver staining were used. calcium sites location was a ... | 2009 | 19081261 |
| mononuclear ru(iii) schiff base complexes: synthesis, spectral, redox, catalytic and biological activity studies. | an octahedral ruthenium(iii) schiff base complexes of the type [rux(eph(3))(l)] (where, x=cl/br; e=as/p; l=dianion of the schiff bases derived from acetoacetanilide with o-phenylenediamine and salicylaldehyde/o-hydroxyacetophenone/o-vanillin/2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) have been synthesized from the reactions of equimolar reactions of [rux(3)(eph(3))(3)] and schiff bases in benzene. the new ru(iii) schiff base complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ft-ir, electronic, (1)h nmr a ... | 2009 | 19081293 |
| distinct sensory pathways in vibrio cholerae el tor and classical biotypes modulate cyclic dimeric gmp levels to control biofilm formation. | quorum sensing (qs), or cell-cell communication in bacteria, is achieved through the production and subsequent response to the accumulation of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (ais). to identify ai-regulated target genes in vibrio cholerae el tor (v. cholerae(el)), the strain responsible for the current cholera pandemic, luciferase expression was assayed in an ai(-) strain carrying a random lux transcriptional reporter library in the presence and absence of exogenously added ai ... | 2009 | 18952786 |
| complete sequence of plasmid pmp1 from the marine environmental vibrio vulnificus and location of its replication origin. | a novel cryptic plasmid, pmp1, from an environmental vibrio vulnificus mp-4 isolated from mai po nature reserve in hong kong, has been characterized. the 7.6-kb plasmid had guanine-cytosine content of 40.03% and encoded four open reading frames (orfs) with >100 amino acids. the predicted protein of orf1 contained 478 amino acids showing 29% identity and 50% similarity over 309 amino acids to the integrase of vibrio cholerae phage vp2. orf2 encoded a putative protein of 596 amino acids, which wer ... | 2009 | 19009320 |
| effect of the efflux inhibitors 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine and phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide on antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factor production in vibrio cholerae. | the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the efflux pump inhibitors (epis) 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp) and phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (pabetan) can inhibit the vibrio cholerae resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) family efflux systems, and thereby render v. cholerae susceptible to antimicrobial agents and inhibit the production of the virulence factors cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp). | 2009 | 19010827 |
| diversity and seasonality of bioluminescent vibrio cholerae populations in chesapeake bay. | association of luminescence with phenotypic and genotypic traits and with environmental parameters was determined for 278 strains of vibrio cholerae isolated from the chesapeake bay during 1998 to 2000. three clusters of luminescent strains (a, b, and c) and two nonluminescent clusters (x and y) were identified among 180 clonal types. v. cholerae o1 strains isolated during pandemics and endemic cholera in the ganges delta were related to cluster y. heat-stable enterotoxin (encoded by stn) and th ... | 2009 | 19011071 |
| anaerobic growth promotes synthesis of colonization factors encoded at the vibrio pathogenicity island in vibrio cholerae el tor. | pathogenesis of the facultative anaerobe vibrio cholerae takes place at the gut under low oxygen concentrations. to identify proteins which change their expression level in response to oxygen availability, proteomes of v. cholerae el tor c7258 grown in aerobiosis, microaerobiosis and anaerobiosis were compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis. twenty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified which are involved in several processes including iron acquisition, alanine metabolism, pur ... | 2009 | 19015025 |
| detection of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and campylobacter spp. enteropathogens by 3-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the magnitude of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries is largely unknown because affordable detection methods are not available. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for use in areas with limited resources to screen for diarrheogenic strains from clinical isolates. to simplify the assay and minimize reagents, our method implemented the use of plasmids rather than bacteria as template controls and the use of bacterial suspensions or crude dna preparations rather t ... | 2009 | 18990527 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 during the 2004 and 2005 outbreak of cholera in cameroon. | there was an outbreak of cholera in cameroon during 2004 and 2005; the epidemic began in douala in january 2004 and spread throughout the south of the country. the world health organization (who) reported 8005 cases in 2004 and 2847 cases in 2005. five hundred eighty-nine stool samples were received in the pasteur centre of cameroon and 352 were microbiologically confirmed to be positive for vibrio cholerae o1. isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. all the strain ... | 2009 | 18991540 |
| a proteoliposome based formulation administered by the nasal route produces vibriocidal antibodies against el tor ogawa vibrio cholerae o1 in balb/c mice. | a vaccine candidate against the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae was developed based on a proteoliposome (pl) formulation using a wild type strain c7258, v. cholerae o1, el tor ogawa as part of strategy to develop a combined formulation against enteric diseases preventable by the stimulation of the mucosal immune system. a detergent extraction method was applied to obtain the pl. scanning electron microscopy and molecular exclusion chromatography showed the presence of two pl populations. photon ... | 2009 | 18996426 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles as a candidate vaccine for cholera. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) offer a new approach for an effective cholera vaccine. we recently demonstrated that immunization of female mice with omvs induces a long-lasting immune response and results in protection of their neonatal offspring from vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization. this study investigates the induced protective immunity observed after immunization with omvs in more detail. analysis of the stomach contents and sera of the neonates revealed significant amounts of anti-om ... | 2009 | 19001078 |
| crystal structure of the vibrio cholerae ferric uptake regulator (fur) reveals insights into metal co-ordination. | the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a metal-dependent dna-binding protein that acts as both a repressor and an activator of numerous genes involved in maintaining iron homeostasis in bacteria. it has also been demonstrated in vibrio cholerae that fur plays an additional role in pathogenesis, opening up the potential of fur as a drug target for cholera. here we present the crystal structure of v. cholerae fur that reveals a very different orientation of the dna-binding domains compared with that ... | 2009 | 19400801 |
| two site-directed mutations are required for the conversion of a sugar dehydratase into an aminotransferase. | l-colitose and d-perosamine are unusual sugars found in the o-antigens of some gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and salmonella enterica, among others. the biosynthetic pathways for these two sugars begin with the formation of gdp-mannose from d-mannose 1-phosphate and gtp followed by the subsequent dehydration and oxidation of gdp-mannose to yield gdp-4-keto-6-deoxymannose. following the production of gdp-4-keto-6-deoxymannose, the two pathways diverge. in the ca ... | 2009 | 19402712 |
| lincomycin-induced over-expression of mature recombinant cholera toxin b subunit and the holotoxin in escherichia coli. | cholera toxin (ct) b subunit (ctb) was overproduced using a novel expression system in escherichia coli. an expression plasmid was constructed by inserting the gene encoding the full-length ctb and the shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence derived from ctb or from the heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) of enterotoxigenic e. coli into the laczalpha gene fragment in the pbluescript sk(+) vector. the e. coli strain mv1184 was transformed with each plasmid and then cultured in caye broth containing linc ... | 2009 | 19410003 |