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the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus and their virulence genes in bulk tank milk in kosovo.milk is considered to be a healthy, nutritious food product. microbiological quality is an important aspect in evaluating the quality of milk.201728368859
listeria monocytogenes cadc regulates cadmium efflux and fine-tunes lipoprotein localization to escape the host immune response and promote infection.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a major intracellular human foodborne bacterial pathogen. we previously revealed lm-cadc as highly expressed during mouse infection. here we show that lm-cadc is a sequence-specific, dna-binding and cadmium-dependent regulator of cada, an efflux pump conferring cadmium resistance. cadc, but not cada, is required for lm infection in vivo. interestingly, cadc also directly represses lspb, a gene encoding a lipoprotein signal peptidase whose expression appears detrime ...201728368435
listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of endophthalmitis, a case report.listeria monocytogenes is a known cause of gastroenteritis. invasive disease can follow bacteremia causing meningoencephalitis, endocarditis and spontaneous miscarriages in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women respectively. we present the first case in england of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by l. monocytogenes following acute gastroenteritis in an immunocompetent host. a 50-year-old south asian female presented with acute painful unilateral visual loss occurring shortly after an e ...201728367407
comparative effects of untreated and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane treated zno nanoparticle reinforcement on properties of polylactide-based nanocomposite films.polylactide (pla) nanocomposites characterized by antimicrobial properties are gaining increasing attention for food packaging. in this contribution, the pla based nanocomposite films with multifunctional end-use properties were achieved by incorporating zno nanoparticles (nps) [untreated: zno(ut) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane treated: zno(st)] into polymer matrix via solvent casting method. the zno(st) prevented the degradation of pla at higher temperature and improved the mechanical ...201728366847
a type i ifn-dependent dna damage response regulates the genetic program and inflammasome activation in macrophages.macrophages produce genotoxic agents, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, that kill invading pathogens. here we show that these agents activate the dna damage response (ddr) kinases atm and dna-pkcs through the generation of double stranded breaks (dsbs) in murine macrophage genomic dna. in contrast to other cell types, initiation of this ddr depends on signaling from the type i interferon receptor. once activated, atm and dna-pkcs regulate a genetic program with diverse immune functio ...201728362262
peritonitis as the first presentation of disseminated listeriosis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis-a case report.infections with listeria monocytogenes are uncommon but serious, with mortality rate approaching 30% in cases of systemic involvement despite first-line therapy. they are usually caused by ingestion of contaminated foods, but spontaneous infections have also been described. listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of peritonitis, and most of the published cases are in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. there are a few reported cases of listeria peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (pd ...201728360372
corrigendum: uncovering listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity. 201728358126
stochastic and differential activation of σ(b) and prfa in listeria monocytogenes at the single cell level under different environmental stress conditions.during host infection, the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes must sense and respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions. two transcriptional regulators, the alternative sigma factor b (σ(b)) and the positive regulatory factor a (prfa), are key contributors to the transcriptomic responses that enable bacterial survival in the host gastrointestinal tract and invasion of host duodenal cells. increases in temperature and osmolarity induce activity of these proteins; such conditions ...201728352251
optimization of growth and bacteriocin production by lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei2a.lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 2a is a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium isolated from brazilian pork sausage, capable of inhibiting the growth of microbial pathogens, mainly listeria monocytogenes. in order to optimize bacteriocin production for industrial applications, this study evaluated the effect of supplementation of mrs broth with glucose, tween 20, tween 80, sodium citrate, potassium chloride and cysteine, and effect of the initial ph and temperature of incubation of the medium ...201726413066
isolation and identification of a novel bacterium, lactobacillus sakei subsp. dgh strain 5, and optimization of growth condition for highest antagonistic activity.in the present study, we isolated lactobacillus sakei strain dgh5 from raw beef meat. this bacterium plays an inhibitory effect against food-spoiling bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive and pathogenic bacterium. lactobacillus sakei strain dgh5 was identified through both phenotypical and biochemical tests accompanied with 16s rrna sequence analysis. among all the sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous forms, we selected the most potent compou ...201728188900
sakacin-a antimicrobial packaging for decreasing listeria contamination in thin-cut meat: preliminary assessment.minimally processed ready-to-eat products are considered a high-risk food because of the possibility of contamination with pathogenic bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes from the animal reservoir, and the minimal processing they undergo. in this study, a sakacin-a anti-listeria active package was developed and tested on thin-cut veal meat slices (carpaccio).201727790709
dual recombinant lactococcus lactis for enhanced delivery of dna vaccine reporter plasmid pperdby.food grade lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) has been widely used as an antigen and dna delivery vehicle. we had previously reported the use of non-invasive l. lactis for the delivery of newly constructed immunostimulatory dna vaccine reporter plasmid, pperdby. in the present report, we outline the construction of dual recombinant l. lactis expressing internalin a of listeria monocytogenes and harbouring pperdby (ll inla+ pperdby) to enhance the dna delivery efficiency of l. lactis. after confirmat ...201728258689
antimicrobial treatments to control listeria monocytogenes in queso fresco.queso fresco, is a hispanic non-fermented cheese highly susceptible to contamination with l. monocytogenes. this research was aimed to determine the effect of gras antimicrobial ingredients to control l. monocytogenes. antimicrobials included caprylic acid (ca), nisaplin(®) (n, 2.5% nisin), a mixture of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate (sl/sd), lactococcus lactis sbp. lactis dpc 3147, monolaurin, and lactic acid (la). batches of queso fresco curds were inoculated with 10(4) cfu/g and stored a ...201728213034
differential roles of klf4 in the development and differentiation of cd8+ t cells.the transcription factor krüppel-like factor 4 (klf4) can activate or repress gene expression in a cell-context dependent manner. we have previously shown that klf4 inhibits the proliferation of naïve cd8(+) t cells in vitro downstream of the transcription factor elf4. in this work, we describe a novel role of klf4 in the differentiation of cd8(+) t cells upon infection. loss of klf4 had minimal effect on thymic t cell development and distribution of mature t cells in the spleen, blood, and lymp ...201724075846
[listeria monocytogenes and its relationship with non-biological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease]. 201725138387
pigmented hypopyon in association with listeria monocytogenes endopthalmitis: an interesting case report following refractive surgery procedure with literature review.listeria monocytogenes is an aerobic, motile, gram positive bacillus recognized as an intercellular pathogen in human where it most frequently affects neonates, pregnant women, elderly patients, and immunosuppressed individuals as well as healthy persons. ocular listeriosis is rare, most frequently in the form of conjunctivitis, but has been also shown to cause rarely endophthalmitis with pigmented hypopyon and elevated intraocular pressure such as in our case.201724669144
the first report on listeria monocytogenes producing siderophores and responds positively to n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) molecules by enhanced biofilm formation.listeria monocytogenes are gram-positive well-known emerging food-borne pathogens causing listeriosis in humans. in the present study, we have isolated biofilm-forming listeria sp. from utensils used by a local milk collection dairy society at usgao goa, which collects milk for goa dairy. through biochemical tests and 16s rrna sequence analysis, the bacterium was confirmed to be l. monocytogenes and designated as strain bn3, having genbank accession number mf095110. we report for the first time ...201728762063
next generation sequencing-based multigene panel for high throughput detection of food-borne pathogens.contamination of food by chemicals or pathogenic bacteria may cause particular illnesses that are linked to food consumption, commonly referred to as foodborne diseases. bacteria are present in/on various foods products, such as fruits, vegetables and ready-to-eat products. bacteria that cause foodborne diseases are known as foodborne pathogens (fbps). accurate detection methods that are able to reveal the presence of fbps in food matrices are in constant demand, in order to ensure safe foods wi ...201728578266
two novel roles of buffalo milk lactoperoxidase, antibiofilm agent and immunomodulator against multidrug resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhi and listeria monocytogenes.the increasing occurrence of multidrug resistant bacteria causing bacteremia infection, constitutes a major health problem, difficult-to-treat bacteremia due to its ability to form biofilm. buffalo milk lactoperoxidase (bmlpo) is effective and safe to use as bacteriostatic agent. the mic of bmlpo and amikacin were used to evaluate the antibiofilm activity against resistant l. monocytogenes and s. typhi. prophylactic effects of bmlpo against l. monocytogenes and s. typhi bacteremia in vivo have b ...201728587762
antibacterial effects of lactobacillus isolates of curd and human milk origin against food-borne and human pathogens.this study was undertaken to assess the antibacterial efficacy of lactobacilli isolated from curd and human milk samples. identities of thirty-one different lactobacilli (20 from curd and 11 from human milk) were confirmed by genus-specific pcr and 16s rrna-based sequencing. these strains belonged to five species, lactobacillus casei, l. delbrueckii, l. fermentum, l. plantarum, and l. pentosus. antibacterial activities of cell-free supernatants (cfss) of all the lactobacillus isolates were estim ...201728401466
characterization of antimicrobial properties of salmonella phage felix o1 and listeria phage a511 embedded in xanthan coatings on poly(lactic acid) films.beyond simply providing a barrier between food and external contaminants, active packaging technologies aim to inhibit pathogen survival and growth within the packaged environment. bacteriophages have a proven track record as targeted antimicrobials but have yet to be successfully integrated in active packaging without serious loss of activity. we have developed two bacteriophage based xanthan coatings on poly(lactic acid) (pla) film which significantly inhibits salmonella typhimurium and lister ...201728576360
isolation and characterization of listeria monocytogenes from the black-headed gull feces in kunming, china.listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens, which can be isolated from bird feces. the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, genotypes, virulence factors and drug-resistance characteristics of l. monocytogenes isolated from the black-headed gull in kunming, china. serotypes and virulence genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) methods were used to describe the genetic ...201728473260
efficacy of radiant catalytic ionization to reduce bacterial populations in air and on different surfaces.air contamination by biological agents is often observed in medical or veterinary facilities and industrial plants. bioaerosols may sediment and pose the surface contamination. microorganisms present on them may become a source of infections among humans and food contamination. this study determined the use of oxidative gases, including ozone and peroxide, generated by the radiant catalytic ionization (rci) cell for the inactivation of acinetobacter baumannii, escherichia coli, enterococcus faec ...201728803189
microorganisms of the intestinal microbiota of oncorhynchus mykiss produce antagonistic substances against bacteria contaminating food and causing disease in humans.the objective was to analyse the antibacterial ability of members of the intestinal microbiota of oncorhynchus mykiss specimens on several bacterial target strains that contaminate food and cause disease in humans. bacterial colonies from an intestinal portion of the 20 specimens of o. mykiss were obtained in different culture media. several of the colonies showed antibacterial action on different target strains. the bacterial species with the highest antagonistic capacity were hafnia alvei and ...201728713788
the antibacterial and antifungal activity of six essential oils and their cyto/genotoxicity to human hel 12469 cells.six essential oils (from oregano, thyme, clove, lavender, clary sage, and arborvitae) exhibited different antibacterial and antifungal properties. antimicrobial activity was shown against pathogenic (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and enterococcus faecalis) and environmental bacteria (bacillus cereus, arthrobacter protophormiae, pseudomonas fragi) and fungi (chaetomium globosum, penicillium chrysogenum, cladospori ...201728811611
production of recombinant antimicrobial polymeric protein beta casein-e 50-52 and its antimicrobial synergistic effects assessment with thymol.accelerating emergence of antimicrobial resistance among food pathogens and consumers' increasing demands for preservative-free foods are two contemporary challenging aspects within the food industry. antimicrobial packaging and the use of natural preservatives are promising solutions. in the present study, we used beta-casein-one of the primary self-assembly proteins in milk with a high polymeric film production capability-as a fusion partner for the recombinant expression of e 50-52 antimicrob ...201728561787
antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide.brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. however, studies on the antimicrobial activity of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin have not been found yet. this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of b. uniflora flower oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. oleoresin from the plant dried flowers was obtained by carbon dioxide, and the chemical composition ...201728407186
biogenic fabrication of cunps, cu bioconjugates and in vitro assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.in the present study, the authors synthesised copper nanoparticles (cunps) by using extract of zingiber officinale (ginger) and later the nps were bioconjugated with nisin, which shows antimicrobial activity against food spoilage microorganisms. cunps and its bioconjugate were characterised by ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy, np tracking analysis, zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy analysis, x-ray diffraction and fourier transform infra-red (ftir) spectroscopy. zeta potential of cunps and ...201728745291
fungal chitosan and lycium barbarum extract as anti-listeria and quality preservatives in minced catfish.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes serious health risks. chitosan (ch) is a bioactive polymer that could be effectively applied for foodstuffs biopreservation. lycium barbarum (goji berry) is ethnopharmaceutical fruit that have diverse health protecting benefits. chitosan was produced from a. niger and employed with l. barbarum extract (lbe) as blends for listeria control and quality biopreservation of african catfish mince (clarias gariepinus). chitosan could u ...201728655659
holographic deep learning for rapid optical screening of anthrax spores.establishing early warning systems for anthrax attacks is crucial in biodefense. despite numerous studies for decades, the limited sensitivity of conventional biochemical methods essentially requires preprocessing steps and thus has limitations to be used in realistic settings of biological warfare. we present an optical method for rapid and label-free screening of bacillus anthracis spores through the synergistic application of holographic microscopy and deep learning. a deep convolutional neur ...201728798957
phenolic acids and flavonoids of peanut by-products: antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial effects.peanut skin (ps) and meal from dry-blanched peanuts (mdbp) were evaluated as sources of phenolic compounds. ps rendered the highest total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity towards abts radical cation, dpph and hydroxyl radicals as well as reducing power. phenolic acids were present in ps and mdbp whereas proanthocyanidins and monomeric flavonoids were found only in ps as identified by hplc-dad-esi-ms(n). procyanidin-rich extracts prevented oxidation in non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated fi ...201728764032
detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens by oligonucleotide array hybridization.simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple foodborne bacterial pathogens is important for the prevention of foodborne illnesses.201728713514
implications of neuroinvasive bacterial peptides on rodents behaviour and neurotransmission.neuroinvasive microbes are capable of applying their influences on the autonomic nervous system (ans) of the host followed by the involvement of central nervous system (cns) by releasing extracellular metabolites that may cause alterations in the biochemical and neurophysiological environment. consequently synaptic, neuroendocrine, peripheral immune, neuro-immune, and behavioural responses of the host facilitate the progression of infection. the present study was designed to extrapolate the effe ...201728671588
isolation and preliminary characterization of a bacteriocin-producer bacillus strain inhibiting methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.in a multivalent approach to discover new antimicrobial substance, a total of 160 bacilli were isolated from termitarium soil, characterized on the basis of their morphological and physiological characters and screened for their antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method against certain drug resistant pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and common food contaminating bacteria listeria monocytogenes. after preliminary screening, ...201728605978
use of whey as a culture medium for bacillus clausii for the production of protein hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.the use of whey as a natural culture medium to produce hydrolysates with antimicrobial from bacillus clausii is the objective of this research. the fermentation process was carried out at 25 ℃ for five days, where proteolytic activity, soluble peptides quantification, and antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method were determined every day. the fermented whey reached values ​​of proteolytic activity between 90 and 260 u ml(-1) and a production of soluble peptides between 100 and 2070 ...201728816527
utilization of industrial waste for the production of bio-preservative from bacillus licheniformis me1 and its application in milk and milk-based food products.the bio-preservative efficacy of a partially purified antibacterial peptide (ppabp) produced by bacillus licheniformis me1 in an economical medium developed using agro-industry waste was evaluated by direct application in milk and milk-based food products. the addition of ppabp in milk samples stored at 4 ± 2 °c and 28 ± 2 °c resulted in the growth inhibition of pathogens listeria monocytogenes scott a, micrococcus luteus atcc 9341, and staphylococcus aureus fri 722. the shelf life of milk sampl ...201728842843
lactolisterin bu, a novel class ii broad spectrum bacteriocin from lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis bgbu1-4.lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis bgbu1-4 produces a novel bacteriocin, lactolisterin bu, with strong antimicrobial activity against many species of gram-positive bacteria, including important food spoilage and food-borne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus sp. and streptococci. lactolisterin bu was extracted from the cell surface of bgbu1-4 by propan-2-ol and purified to homogeneity by c18 solid phase extraction and reversed phase hplc. the ...201728842543
pathological findings in the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in northern germany.anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. the present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereu ...201728399176
pregnancy-related listeriosis.about one in seven cases of listeriosis occurs in pregnant women, and, although listeriosis is rare, it is the third leading cause of death from food-borne infections. pregnancy-related listeriosis increases the risk for fetal and neonatal mortality by approximately 21%. during pregnancy, infections are more likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) than the first trimester (3%). however, fetal and neonatal adverse effects are less common as gestational age increases or with older gestational ...201728398675
impact of acanthamoeba cysts on stress resistance of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, yersinia enterocolitica 4/o:3, listeria monocytogenes 1/2a, and escherichia coli o:26.the formation of robust resting cysts enables acanthamoeba to resist harsh environmental conditions. this study investigated to what extent these cysts are resistant to physical and chemical stresses as applied in food industry cleaning and disinfection procedures. moreover, it was assessed whether certain intracystic meat-borne bacterial pathogens are more stress resistant than free-living bacterial monocultures and if intracystic passage and subsequent association with trophozoites induces cro ...201728526786
uv-curable contact active benzophenone terminated quaternary ammonium antimicrobials for applications in polymer plastics and related devices.a series of uv active benzophenone ([c6h5coc6h4-o-(ch2)n-n+me2r][x-], 4: r = c12h25, n = 3, x- = br- , 5a-c: r = c18h37, n = 3, x- = cl-, br-, i-; 6a-c: r = c18h37, n = 4, x- = cl-, br-, i- ; 7a-c: r = c18h37, n = 6, x- = cl-, br-, i-) terminated c12 and c18 quaternary ammonium salts (qacs) were prepared by thermal or microwave driven menshutkin protocols of the appropriate benzophenone alkyl halide (1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c) with the corresponding dodecyl- or octadecyl n,n-dimethylamine. all new compou ...201728777541
diversity of endophytic bacteria in a fern species dryopteris uniformis (makino) makino and evaluation of their antibacterial potential against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria.the fern plant dryopteris uniformis has traditionally been used in herbal medicine and possesses many biological activities. this study was conducted to explore the endophytic bacterial diversity associated with d. uniformis and evaluate their antibacterial potential against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (fpb). among 51 isolated endophytic bacteria (eb), 26 eb were selected based on their morphological characteristics and identified by 16s rrna gene analysis. the distribution of eb was diverse i ...201728418717
molecular characterization of gluten hydrolysing bacillus sp. and their efficacy and biotherapeutic potential as probiotics using caco-2 cell line.to isolate and characterize indigenous gluten hydrolysing bacteria from wheat sourdough and curd samples and further evaluation of their probiotic potentiality.201728637081
chemical constituents of helichrysum italicum (roth) g. don essential oil and their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, filamentous fungi and candida albicans.the aerial parts of helichrysum italicum (roth) g. don were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain essential oils which had been analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and tested for antimicrobial activity against 12 bacteria, two yeasts and four fungi by agar diffusion method. the essential oil yielded 0.44% (v/w) and 67 compounds accounting for 99.24% of the oil were identified with a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (61.42%). the most o ...201728725151
development and characterization of bioactive edible films from spider crab (maja crispata) chitosan incorporated with spirulina extract.active food packaging films based on crab chitosan and spirulina extract (se) were developed. the effects of the se incorporation at different levels on physical (color, opacity water vapor and oxygen permeability) and mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break) properties of chitosan films were investigated. ftir was carried out to observe the potential modifications of the chitosan films when incorporated with se. the obtained results suggested that incorporation of se into chitosan ...201728705500
identification and growth optimization of a marine bacillus dk1-sa11 having potential of producing broad spectrum antimicrobial compounds.control of harmful bacteria in food, aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, hospitals and recreation water pools are of great global concern. marine bacteria are an enormous source of bio-controlling agents. the aim of this study was to identify and optimize the growth conditions including effect of different biotic and abiotic factors on antimicrobial activity of strain dk1-sa11 isolated from qingdao bay of china yellow sea. microscopic characterization, api® 20e and 50 chb kit base carbohy ...201728653930
yvck, a protein required for cell wall integrity and optimal carbon source utilization, binds uridine diphosphate-sugars.in bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes and in two mycobacteria, it was previously shown that yvck is a gene required for normal cell shape, for optimal carbon source utilization and for virulence of pathogenic bacteria. here we report that the b. subtilis protein yvck binds to uridine diphosphate-sugars like uridine diphosphate-glucose (udp-glc) and uridine diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) in vitro. using the crystal structure of bacillus halodurans yvck, we identified residues ...201728646159
antimicrobial effect of okcel® h-d prepared from oxidized cellulose.the antimicrobial effect of okcel® h-d, a topical, absorbable hemostatic textile prepared from oxidized cellulose, was tested. testing by dilution and diffusion methods was conducted on a spectrum of 27 select microorganisms, including also antibiotic-resistant strains. okcel® h-d showed inhibitory effects on nearly all tested bacteria. in testing using the dilution suspension method, the majority of bacteria showed decrease in cell density by 7-8 orders of magnitude after just 6 h of exposure. ...201728597345
investigation into the antimicrobial action and mechanism of a novel endogenous peptide β-casein 197 from human milk.a novel endogenous peptide cleaved from 197-213 aa of β-casein, named β-casein 197, was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. β-casein 197 constituted a significant proportion of the peptide content in preterm milk. this study investigated the antibacterial effects and mechanisms against common pathogenic bacteria. six bacterial strains were selected for this study: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia enterocolitica, listeria monocytogenes, klebsiella pneumonia and bacillus subti ...201728591979
two complementary approaches to quantify variability in heat resistance of spores of bacillus subtilis.realistic prediction of microbial inactivation in food requires quantitative information on variability introduced by the microorganisms. bacillus subtilis forms heat resistant spores and in this study the impact of strain variability on spore heat resistance was quantified using 20 strains. in addition, experimental variability was quantified by using technical replicates per heat treatment experiment, and reproduction variability was quantified by using two biologically independent spore crops ...201728478320
development of an isothermal amplification-based assay for the rapid visual detection of salmonella bacteria.the efficient and timely detection of pathogens is a major concern worldwide. the aim of this study was to establish a rapid detection method for salmonella bacteria in food samples to facilitate timely treatment. widely used detection methods currently include culture-based methods and pcr-based methods. the former are time consuming, requiring 2 to 3 d, whereas the latter have higher accuracy but are typically complicated, requiring expertise and expensive instruments. in this study, a sensiti ...201728711269
a rapid salmonella detection method involving thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification and a lateral flow assay.salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment and can cause serious human and animal disease. since conventional culture methods to detect salmonella are time-consuming and laborious, rapid and accurate techniques to detect this pathogen are critically important for food safety and diagnosing foodborne illness. in this study, we developed a rapid, simple and portable salmonella detection strategy that combines thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification (thda) ...201728526589
inactivation of viruses and bacteria on strawberries using a levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate based sanitizer, taking sensorial and chemical food safety aspects into account.the efficacy of levulinic acid (lva) in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) in removal of foodborne viruses, enteric bacterial pathogens and their surrogates on fresh strawberries was investigated. inoculated strawberries were treated with potable water, sodium hypochlorite solution (50ppm), 0.5% lva plus 0.5% sds solution, and 5% lva plus 2% sds solution respectively for 2min, followed by spray-rinsing with potable water. water washing removed at least 1.0-log of the tested viral and ...201728668727
emerging microbiota during cold storage and temperature abuse of ready-to-eat salad​.introduction: ready-to-eat (rte) leafy vegetables have a natural leaf microbiota that changes during different processing and handling steps from farm to fork. the objectives of this study were (i) to compare the microbiota of rte baby spinach and mixed-ingredient salad before and after seven days of storage at 8°c or 15°c; (ii) to explore associations between bacterial communities and the foodborne pathogens listeria monocytogenes, pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica, and pathogen model organism ...201728649305
slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with chemical and physical treatments to decontaminate bacteria on fresh fruits.effect of sequential combination of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) with chemical and physical treatments on bacterial decontamination on fruits was investigated in this study. effect of treatments on microbial and sensory quality was also analyzed after subsequent storage at 4 °c and room temperature (rt, 23 ± 0.15 °c). whole apple and tomato fruits were inoculated with cocktail strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes. uninoculated and inoculated fruits were was ...201728648298
inactivation of bacterial biofilms by visible light-activated unmodified zno nanorods.various zinc oxide (zno) nanostructures are widely used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications. since zno possess a wide bandgap, it is believed that only uv light may efficiently assist bacterial inactivation and diverse crystal lattice modifications should be applied in order to narrow the bandgap for efficient visible light absorption. in this work we show that even unmodified zno nanorods grown by aqueous chemical growth technique were found to possess intrinsic defects which can be a ...201728628486
inactivation of nonpathogenic escherichia coli, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in ice using a uvc light-emitting diode.ice, widely used in the food industry, is a potential cause of food poisoning resulting from microbial contamination. direct microbial inactivation of ice is necessary because microorganisms may have been present in the source water used to make it and/or may have been introduced due to poor hygiene during production or handling of the ice. nonthermal and nondestructive microbial inactivation technologies are needed to control microorganisms in ice. we evaluated the applicability of a uvc light- ...201728621585
sensitive detection of staphylococcus aureus with vancomycin-conjugated magnetic beads as enrichment carriers combined with flow cytometry.a novel sandwich strategy was designed to detect staphylococcus aureus. the strategy is based on an antibacterial agent that captures bacterial cells and a fluorescein-labeled antibody that acts as the signal-output probe. vancomycin (van), which exerts a strong antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria, was utilized as a molecular recognition agent to detect pathogenic bacteria. to effectively concentrate s. aureus, we used bovine serum albumin (bsa) as the amplification carrier to modify ...201728590745
bactericidal effect of 266 to 279nm wavelength uvc-leds for inactivation of gram positive and gram negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria and yeasts.recently, uvc-led technology has been validated as an alternative to irradiation with conventional mercury uv lamps. in this study, we sought to determine primary factors affecting reduction trends shown in several microorganisms. four major foodborne pathogens (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp. listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus) and spoilage yeasts (saccharomyces pastorianus, pichia membranaefaciens), important to the brewing industry, were inoculated onto selective and non- ...201728578053
evaluation of different solvents to extract antibacterial compounds from jalapeño peppers.chili peppers (capsicum spp.) may possess antibacterial properties and have potential to be used in foods as antimicrobial. the complete chili pepper extract should be evaluated to determine which compounds are responsible for the antimicrobial activity. extraction of compounds from the pepper is completed using a solvent. the type of solvent used for extraction influences which compounds are isolated, therefore the best extraction method needs to be determined. the purpose of this study was to ...201728572934
production and characterization of a new biodegradable fenugreek seed gum based active nanocomposite film reinforced with nanoclays.in the present work, fenugreek seed gum (fsg)/clay nanocomposite films were prepared with nanoclays (na(+) montmorillonite [mmt], halloysite [hnt] and nanomer(®) i.44 p [nm]) at different amounts (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5g clay/100g fsg) by solution casting method and characterized. increasing amount of nanoclay significantly (p<0.05) improved oxygen barrier and thermal properties of the biodegradable films. agar diffusion tests revealed that fsg based nanocomposite films exhibited strong antimicrobi ...201728536016
investigation of optimum ohmic heating conditions for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in apple juice.control of foodborne pathogens is an important issue for the fruit juice industry and ohmic heating treatment has been considered as one of the promising antimicrobial interventions. however, to date, evaluation of the relationship between inactivation of foodborne pathogens and system performance efficiency based on differing soluble solids content of apple juice during ohmic heating treatment has not been well studied. this study aims to investigate effective voltage gradients of an ohmic heat ...201728525985
development of a gold nanoparticle-based universal oligonucleotide microarray for multiplex and low-cost detection of foodborne pathogens.bacterial foodborne diseases remain major threats to food safety and public health, especially in developing countries. in this study a novel assay, combining gold nanoparticle (gnp)-based multiplex oligonucleotide ligation-pcr and universal oligonucleotide microarray technology, was developed for inexpensive, specific, sensitive, and multiplex detection of eight common foodborne pathogens, including shigella spp., campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocyt ...201728505584
potential of cinnamon oil emulsions as alternative washing solutions of carrots.the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of cinnamon oil emulsions as alternative washing solutions to improve the microbial safety of carrots. whey protein concentrate (wpc), gum arabic (ga), lecithin, and their combinations were used to prepare cinnamon oil emulsions. the emulsions were characterized for their hydrodynamic diameter (dh) during 7 days of storage and their antimicrobial activity against cocktails of salmonella enterica , escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria mo ...201728467186
listeria monocytogenes-induced endogenous endophthalmitis in an otherwise healthy.purpose listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. to date 15 cases have been published in the literature. all eyes showed similar clinical features and profound visual loss mainly due to delayed diagnosis.201728226136
evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the althaea officinalis l. leaf extract and its wound healing potency in the rat model of excision wound creation.wound is defined simply as the disruption of the biochemical, cellular, and anatomic continuity of a tissue. plants and their extracts known as phytomedicine have immense potential for the management and treatment of wounds.201725949951
in vitro safety assessments and antimicrobial activities of lactobacillus rhamnosus strains isolated from a fermented mare's milk.safety and probiotic characteristics such as antimicrobial activities of three lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, fsmm15, fsmm22 and fsmm26, previously isolated as potential probiotics from fermented mare's milk were investigated. the three fsmm strains were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, whereas they were resistant to erythromycin (minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) = 4-8 µg/ml) and clindamycin (mic = 4 µg/ml); bioconversion o ...201727476815
in vivo and in vitro effects of selected antioxidants on rabbit meat microbiota.the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin e or economase™ supplementation on the growth of several background/pathogenic bacteria on rabbit carcasses and hamburgers during refrigerated storage. for 51days, 270 new zealand rabbits received either a basal diet, or experimental diets enriched with 100 or 200mg/kg of vitamin e or economase™. the bacteria studied were salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, coagulase-posi ...201727664938
comparative genomics reveals the diversity of restriction-modification systems and dna methylation sites in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that is found in a wide variety of anthropogenic and natural environments. genome sequencing technologies are rapidly becoming a powerful tool in facilitating our understanding of how genotype, classification phenotypes, and virulence phenotypes interact to predict the health risks of individual bacterial isolates. currently, 57 closed l. monocytogenes genomes are publicly available, representing three of the four phylogenetic lineages, and they sug ...201727836852
a small-scale experiment of using phage-based probiotic dietary supplement for prevention of e. coli traveler's diarrhea.traveler's diarrhea (td) is caused by escherichia coli in 30% of cases. we have developed a phage cocktail for prophylaxis of td caused by e.coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes or staphylococcus aureus, and investigated its effectiveness against infection caused by the non-pathogenic lac (-) strain of e.coli k12 c600 in animal and human trials. on the 6th day of both animal and human trials e. coli k12 c600 strain was detected in titer of 10(4) c ...201726458758
bacteriocin-like substances of lactobacillus curvatus p99: characterization and application in biodegradable films for control of listeria monocytogenes in cheese.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a biodegradable film, with antimicrobial metabolites produced by lactobacillus curvatus p99 incorporated, targeting the control of listeria monocytogenes in sliced "prato" cheese. tests were performed to evaluate the spectrum of action of cell-free supernatant (cfs) of p99 against different microorganisms, as well as to detect the minimum inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) concentrations against l. monocytogenes scott a. the detecti ...201728040164
adap plays a pivotal role in cd4+ t cell activation but is only marginally involved in cd8+ t cell activation, differentiation, and immunity to pathogens.the adhesion and degranulation promoting adaptor protein (adap) is a multifunctional scaffold involved in many different signaling pathways that are important for the function of t cells, including the inside-out and outside-in signaling of integrins, the activation of nf-κb, and the subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., ifn-γ and il-2). strikingly, despite its well-established role in t cells, previous studies did not distinguish between cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells, and thus, ...201727605210
comprehensive proteome analysis of lysosomes reveals the diverse function of macrophages in immune responses.phagocytosis and autophagy in macrophages have been shown to be essential to both innate and adaptive immunity. lysosomes are the main catabolic subcellular organelles responsible for degradation and recycling of both extracellular and intracellular material, which are the final steps in phagocytosis and autophagy. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying lysosomal functions after infection remain obscure. in this study, we conducted a quantitative proteomics analysis of the changes in const ...201728088779
epidemiology of infectious encephalitis causes in 2016.we performed a literature search in the medline database, using the pubmed website. the incidence of presumably infectious encephalitis is estimated at 1.5-7 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, excluding epidemics. infectious encephalitis and immune-mediated encephalitis share similar clinical signs and symptoms. the latter accounts for a significant proportion of presumably infectious encephalitis cases without any established etiological diagnosis; as shown from a prospective cohort study where 21 ...201728341533
management of adult infectious encephalitis in metropolitan france.infectious encephalitis is a severe disease leading to a high mortality and morbidity. the most frequent causes include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. urgent treatment is required (anti-infective therapy and nonspecific supportive care). the aim of this study was to define treatment strategy, empirical and after microbiological documentation at 48hours, through a systematic literature review.201728336304
a genetic screen reveals that synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (dhna), but not full-length menaquinone, is required for listeria monocytogenes cytosolic survival.through unknown mechanisms, the host cytosol restricts bacterial colonization; therefore, only professional cytosolic pathogens are adapted to colonize this host environment. listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that is highly adapted to colonize the cytosol of both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. to identify l. monocytogenes determinants of cytosolic survival, we designed and executed a novel screen to isolate l. monocytogenes mutants with cytosolic survival defe ...201728325762
occurrence of hepatitis a and e and norovirus gi and gii in ready-to-eat vegetables in italy.fresh vegetables and their ready-to-eat (rte) salads have become increasingly recognized as potential vehicles for foodborne diseases. the eu reg. 1441/2007 establishes microbiological criteria for bacterial pathogens for products placed on the market during their shelf-life (i.e. salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes) for pre-cut fruits and vegetables (rte) whilst it does not address the problem of contamination by enteric viruses. in this study we investigated the contamination by hepatitis ...201728319799
a single point mutation in the listerial betl σ(a)-dependent promoter leads to improved osmo- and chill-tolerance and a morphological shift at elevated osmolarity.betaine uptake in listeria monocytogenes is mediated by three independent transport systems, the simplest of which in genetic terms is the secondary transporter betl. using a random mutagenesis approach, based on the e. coli xl1 red mutator strain, we identified a single point mutation in a putative promoter region upstream of the betl coding region which leads to a significant increase in betl transcript levels under osmo- and chill-stress conditions and a concomitant increase in stress toleran ...201723478432
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats using bacteriocin mixtures based on mode-of-action.bacteriocin-producing (bac⁺) lactic acid bacteria (lab) comprising selected strains of lactobacillus curvatus, lactococcus lactis, pediococcus acidilactici, and enterococcus faecium and thailandicus were examined for inhibition of listeria monocytogenes during hotdog challenge studies. the bac⁺ strains, or their cell-free supernatants (cfs), were grouped according to mode-of-action (moa) as determined from prior studies. making a mixture of as many moas as possible is a practical way to obtain a ...201728335414
determination of antibacterial and technological properties of vaginal lactobacilli for their potential application in dairy products.functional foods could differently affect human health in relation to the gender. recent studies have highlighted the anti-candida and anti-chlamydia activities of some lactobacillus strains isolated from the vagina of healthy women. considering these important beneficial activities on women's health, the preparation of functional food containing active vaginal lactobacilli can represent a great scientific challenge for the female gender. in this context, the aim of this work was to study some f ...201728223974
enhanced control of listeria monocytogenes by enterococcus faecium ke82, a multiple enterocin-producing strain, in different milk environments.enterococcus faecium ke82, isolated from traditional greek graviera cheese, was identified in pure broth cultures in vitro as a multiple enterocin-producing bacterial strain possessing the structural enta, entb, and entp enterocin genes. e. faecium ke82 was further assessed for in situ antilisterial activity in raw milk (rm) and commercially thermized milk (tm; 63°c for 30 s) in the presence of the indigenous microbiota and in sterile raw milk (srm; 121°c for 5 min) with or without the addition ...201728221890
growth interactions and antilisterial effects of the bacteriocinogenic lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris m104 and enterococcus faecium ke82 strains in thermized milk in the presence or absence of a commercial starter culture.traditional greek cheeses are often produced from thermized milk (tm) with the use of commercial starter cultures (cscs), which may not inhibit growth of listeria monocytogenes completely. therefore, this study evaluated the behavior of an artificial l. monocytogenes contamination in commercially tm (63 °c; 30 s) inoculated with a csc plus lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis m104 and/or enterococcus faecium ke82, two indigenous strains producing nisin a and enterocin a and b, respectively. inoculat ...201728213019
characterization of class iia bacteriocin resistance in enterococcus faecium.vancomycin-resistant enterococci, particularly resistant enterococcus faecium, pose an escalating threat in nosocomial environments because of their innate resistance to many antibiotics, including vancomycin, a treatment of last resort. many class iia bacteriocins strongly target these enterococci and may offer a potential alternative for the management of this pathogen. however, e. faecium's resistance to these peptides remains relatively uncharacterized. here, we explored the development of r ...201728115354
primary pyogenic ventriculitis caused by neisseria meningitidis: case report and review of the literature.background. pyogenic ventriculitis is a well-known complication of meningitis, brain abscesses and intraventricular drains. primary pyogenic ventriculitis is a rare entity and few cases have been described so far. we report the first case of primary pyogenic ventriculitis in an adult caused by neisseria meningitidis and present an overview of all reported adult primary pyogenic ventriculitis cases in the english literature. methods. a pubmed search was performed using the terms ependymitis, vent ...201728348798
beneficial and safety properties of a corynebacterium vitaeruminis strain isolated from the cow rumen.corynebacterium vitaeruminis mru4 was isolated from the cow rumen and was differentiated from other isolates by rep-pcr and rapd and identified by 16s rrna sequencing. this strain presented higher survival rates for low ph and bile salts treatments, and it was able to survive and multiply in simulated gastric and intestinal environments. c. vitaeruminis mru4 had a 53.2% auto-aggregation rate, 42.4% co-aggregation rate with listeria monocytogenes scott a, 41.6% co-aggregation rate with enterococc ...201728258546
diffusible substances from lactic acid bacterial cultures exert strong inhibitory effects on listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in a co-culture model.food-borne infections cause huge economic and human life losses. listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis are among the top ranking pathogens causing such losses. control of such infections is hampered by persistent contamination of foods and food-processing environments, resistance of pathogens to sanitizing agents, existence of heterogeneous populations of pathogens (including culturable and viable but non-culturable cells) within the same food items, and inability to ...201728202007
synthesis, surfactant properties and antimicrobial activities of methyl glycopyranoside ethers.a series of amphiphilic methyl glucopyranoside ethers incorporating various alkyl chain lengths has been synthesized from commercially available methyl glucopyranosides following an acetalisation/hydrogenolysis sequence. the amphiphilic properties of ethers and acetal intermediates were evaluated. both families exhibit excellent surfactant properties with a maximum efficiency obtained for compounds bearing a linear dodecyl chain (cmc = 0.012 mm, γsat. = 30 mn m(-1)). antimicrobial activity studi ...201728157594
antagonistic activity of lactobacillus reuteri strains on the adhesion characteristics of selected pathogens.adhesion ability of probiotics is the key factor that decides their colonization in the gastrointestinal tract and potential to inhibit pathogens. therefore, adhesion ability can be considered as a key determinant for probiotic efficacy. presents study documents the antagonistic activity of viable/untreated, lithium chloride (licl) treated or heat-killed forms of eight probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strains on the adhesion characteristics of selected pathogens. all strains investigated were abl ...201728377765
a study on prevalence of microbial contamination on the surface of raw salad vegetables.the present work evaluates the microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables (rsv) consumed in dhanbad city, india. a total of 480 samples of 8 different raw salad vegetables from local market were examined for overall microbial quality in terms of aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic counts, yeast, mould and total coliform levels. e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella sp. were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) subsequent to isolation. results showed that al ...201728391475
finding novel antibiotic substances from medicinal plants - antimicrobial properties of nigella sativa directed against multidrug-resistant bacteria.the progressive rise in multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacterial strains poses serious problems in the treatment of infectious diseases. while the number of newly developed antimicrobial compounds has greatly fallen, the resistance of pathogens against commonly prescribed drugs is further increasing. this rise in resistance illustrates the need for developing novel therapeutic and preventive antimicrobial options. the medicinal herb nigella sativa and its derivatives constitute promising candidates. ...201728386474
microbiological and sensory quality of fresh ready-to-eat artichoke hearts packaged under modified atmosphere.in recent years the sales of minimally processed vegetables have grown exponentially as a result of changes in consumer habits. the availability of artichoke buds as a ready-to-eat product would be, therefore, highly advantageous. however, minimally processed artichoke hearts are difficult to preserve because of their rapid browning and the proliferation of naturally occurring microorganisms. we developed artichoke hearts prepared as ready-to-eat products that maintain the characteristics of the ...201728358262
disinfection and removal of human pathogenic bacteria in arctic waste stabilization ponds.wastewater stabilization ponds (wsps) are commonly used to treat municipal wastewater in arctic canada. the biological treatment in the wsps is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. currently, there is limited information about the removal of fecal and pathogenic bacteria during the short cool summer treatment season. with relevance to public health, the objectives of this paper were to determine if treatment in arctic wsps resulted in the disinfection (i.e., removal of fecal indicator bac ...201728353112
production of reuterin in a fermented milk product by lactobacillus reuteri: inhibition of pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria.we assessed the antimicrobial activity of reuterin produced in vitro in glycerol aqueous solutions in situ by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 53608 as part of a fermented milk product against starter (lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus), spoilage (penicillium expansum), pathogenic (staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, and listeria monocytogenes), and pathogen surrogate (escherichia coli dh5α) microorganisms. we also assayed the influence of c ...201728342608
antibacterial activity of phenyllactic acid against listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli by dual mechanisms.phenyllactic acid (pla), a phenolic acid phytochemical, is considered to be a promising candidate for use as a chemical preservative due to its broad antimicrobial activity. the antibacterial target of pla has rarely been reported, thus investigations were performed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of pla against listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli. flow cytometry analysis stained with propidium iodide (pi) demonstrated that pla could damage the membrane integrity of l. monocytog ...201728317760
prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected african countries - a meta-analysis.food safety information in the african region is insufficient and fragmented due to lack of surveillance, documentation and reporting, thereby resulting in inefficient utilization of resources, duplication of activities, and lack of synergy among the countries of the region. this paper reviews the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in seven african countries (benin, botswana, ghana, kenya, nigeria, sudan and uganda) from papers in regional or international journals published between january 2000 ...201728271855
facile approach for large-scale production of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and preparation of antibacterial cotton pads.metallic nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (znonps), copper oxide (cuonps), and silver (agnps) were synthesized in gram scale using green methods. the antibacterial cotton fibers/nanoparticles (cotton fibers/nps) composite pads were prepared, and nanoparticle binding/release tests were performed. all the nps were crystalline and showed characteristic xrd diffraction peaks and showed the characteristic ftir bands of the respective nanoparticles. all the nps showed strong antimicrobial activity aga ...201728267490
one-step preparation of banana powder/silver nanoparticles composite films.silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) were synthesized using banana powder as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and banana/ag-nps composite films with different concentration of ag-nps were prepared simultaneously. the composite films were yellowish brown and exhibited characteristic plasmon resonance peak of ag-nps at 430 nm. the optical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, thermal stability, and antimicrobial properties of the composite films were greatly influenced by the concentration of ag-nps. the co ...201728242949
structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of β-mannooligosaccharides produced from locust bean gum by gh-26 endo-β-1,4-mannanase (manb-1601).size exclusion chromatography of β-mannooligosaccharides (β-mos) mixtures, obtained from manb-1601 hydrolysis of locust bean gum, resulted in separation of oligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (dp 2, 3, and 5). the oligosaccharides were structurally [esi-ms, ftir, xrd, tga, and nmr ((1)h and (13)c)] and functionally (in vitro fermentation) characterized. dp2 oligosaccharide was composed of two species, (a) mannopyranose β-1,4 mannopyranose and (b) α-1,6-galactosyl-mannopyranos ...201728225615
enrichment, amplification, and sequence-based typing of salmonella enterica and other foodborne pathogens.detection of salmonella enterica in foods typically involves microbiological enrichment, molecular-based assay, and subsequent isolation and identification of a pure culture. this is ideally followed by strain typing, which provides information critical to the investigation of outbreaks and the attribution of their sources. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the "gold standard" for s. enterica strain typing, but its limitations have encouraged the search for alternative methods, including whole ...201728221883
microbial performance of food safety control and assurance activities in a fresh produce processing sector measured using a microbial assessment scheme and statistical modeling.current approaches such as inspections, audits, and end product testing cannot detect the distribution and dynamics of microbial contamination. despite the implementation of current food safety management systems, foodborne outbreaks linked to fresh produce continue to be reported. a microbial assessment scheme and statistical modeling were used to systematically assess the microbial performance of core control and assurance activities in five kenyan fresh produce processing and export companies ...201728221882
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