Publications

enzyme-catalyzed amplified immunoassay for the detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific igg using faradaic impedance spectroscopy, cv and qcm.	a highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for toxoplasma gondii-specific igg (tg-igg) in human serum has been developed that is based on an enzyme-catalyzed amplification due to the formation of an insoluble precipitate on the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm). t. gondii antigen (tgag) was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode in order to bind tg-igg, and this was followed by the addition of anti-tg-igg horseradish peroxidase conjugate (anti-tg-igg-hrp). subsequent exp ...	2005	16007442
in vitro peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber from newer bleaching products.	to investigate peroxide penetration from newer bleaching products into the pulp chamber.	2005	16011769
testosterone prevents synaptic loss in the perineal motoneuron pool in the spinal cord in male rats exposed to chronic stress.	chronic stress is known to induce disorders of reproductive neuroendocrine functions. motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (snb) in male rats play an important role in copulatory behavior. in the present study, it was examined whether chronic stress would alter synaptic organization of the snb motoneurons and whether androgen would modify the changes under chronic stress. five male rats were under restraint stress for 5 days per week for 3 weeks, and five males implanted subc ...	2005	16019604
oxidative damage in cerebral vessels of diabetic db/db mice.	oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus has recently received increasing attention as it has been proven to be associated with the development of diabetic vascular complications. our aim was to examine whether microvascular changes, including oxidative damage, were induced in the brains of diabetic animals.	2005	16021652
redox mediation and photomechanical oscillations involving photosensitive cyclometalated ru(ii) complexes, glucose oxidase, and peroxidase.	intact photosensitive cyclometalated ruii derivatives of 2-phenylpyridine or n,n-dimethylbenzylamine cis-[ru-(c approximately n)(ll)x2]pf6 [c approximately n = o-c6h4-py or o-c6h4ch2nme2; ll = 1,10-phenanththroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), or 4,4'-me2-2,2'-bipyridine (me2bpy); x = mecn or pyridine (py)] are efficient mediators of glucose oxidase (go) from aspergillus niger and horseradish peroxidase (hrp). their redox potentials in an aqueous buffer are in the range 0.15-0.35 v versus sce, ...	2005	15858996
neurons in the lateral sacral cord of the cat project to periaqueductal grey, but not to thalamus.	previous work of our laboratory has shown that neurons in the lateral sacral cord in cat project heavily to the periaqueductal grey (pag), in all likelihood conveying information from bladder and genital organs. in humans this information usually does not reach consciousness, which raises the question of whether the lateral sacral cell group projects to the thalamus. after wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) injections into the sacral cord, anterogradely labelled fibers were fo ...	2005	15869512
the distribution of inhibitory and excitatory synapses on single, reconstructed jaw-opening motoneurons in the cat.	in a previous study, we reported that the distribution of inhibitory input, in contrast to excitatory input, decreased somatofugally along dendrites of cat jaw-closing alpha-motoneurons [j comp neurol 414 (1999) 454]. the present study examined the distribution of gaba, glycine, and glutamate immunopositive boutons covering horseradish peroxidase-labeled cat jaw-opening motoneurons. the motoneurons were divided into four compartments: the soma, and primary, intermediate, and distal dendrites. ni ...	2005	15878646
covalent binding of the flavonoid quercetin to human serum albumin.	quercetin is an abundant flavonoid in the human diet with numerous biological activities, which may contribute to the prevention of human disease but also may be potentially harmful. quercetin is oxidized in cells to products capable of covalently binding to cellular proteins, a process that may be important for its biological activities. in the present study, using radiolabeled drug and quantifying the products after electrophoretic separation, proteins to which oxidized quercetin is binding ir ...	2005	15884859
quantitative immunoassay of biotoxins on hydrogel-based protein microchips.	three-dimensional gel-based microchips with immobilized proteins were used for quantitative immunoassay of a series of plant (ricin and viscumin) and bacterial (staphylococcal enterotoxin b, tetanus and diphtheria toxins, and lethal factor of anthrax) toxins. it was shown that different types of immunoassays (direct, competitive, and sandwich type) could be carried out on gel microchips. as shown by confocal microscope studies, antigen-antibody interactions involving the formation of tertiary an ...	2005	15840505
droplet-based micro-flow chemiluminescence system for in vivo glucose determination by microdialysis sampling.	a micro-flow chemiluminescence (cl) system in vivo for glucose determination by the on-line microdialysis sampling is described in this paper. the micro-flow cl system uses discrete sample droplets, which formed at the tip of the capillary with the sampling volume of 4.5 microl. the sol-gel method is introduced to co-immobilize horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and glucose oxidase (god) on the inside surface of the micro-flow cell which was fabricated in polymethyl methacrylate (pmma). the cl detecti ...	2005	15844336
development and validation of an ultrasensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for aflatoxin m1 in milk.	a fast and ultrasensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for aflatoxin m(1) in milk samples has been developed and validated. the method is an indirect competitive type format involving the immobilization of an aflatoxin m(1)-bovine serum albumin conjugate on 384 well black polystyrene microtiter plates and the use of a secondary antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase detected with a luminol-based substrate. aflatoxin m(1) standard solutions were prepared in milk-based buffer, and mil ...	2005	15853363
analysis of zearalenone in cereal and swine feed samples using an automated flow-through immunosensor.	the development of a sensitive flow-though immunosensor for the analysis of the mycotoxin zearalenone in cereal samples is described. the sensor was completely automated and was based on a direct competitive immunosorbent assay and fluorescence detection. the mycotoxin competes with a horseradish-peroxidase-labeled derivative for the binding sites of a rabbit polyclonal antibody. control pore glass covalently bound to prot a was used for the oriented immobilization of the antibody-antigen immuno ...	2005	15853369
a sensitive and rapid immunoassay for quantification of ca125 in human sera by capillary electrophoresis with enhanced chemiluminescence detection.	in this paper we have presented a sensitive and rapid immunoassay (ia) method by capillary electrophoresis with an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (ce-cl) based on the catalytic effects of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction. the conditions for the cl reaction and electrophoresis were systematically investigated using hrp as a model sample. the linear range from 2.5 x 10(-11) to 1.0 x 10(-9) mol/l (r = 0.999), and the detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-12 ...	2005	15895464
[a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for detecting p38 antigen of schistosome japonicum].	to establish a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (gica) for detecting schistosome japonicum (sj).	2005	15897128
purkinje cell activity in the cerebellar anterior lobe after rabbit eyeblink conditioning.	the cerebellar anterior lobe may play a critical role in the execution and proper timing of learned responses. the current study was designed to monitor purkinje cell activity in the rabbit cerebellar anterior lobe after eyeblink conditioning, and to assess whether purkinje cells in recording locations may project to the interpositus nucleus. rabbits were trained in an interstimulus interval discrimination procedure in which one tone signaled a 250-msec conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulu ...	2005	15897252
a possible site of superoxide generation in the complex i segment of rat heart mitochondria.	we searched for possible sites of superoxide generation in the complex i segment of the respiratory chain by studying both forward and reverse electron transfer reactions in isolated rat heart mitochondria. superoxide production was monitored by measuring the release of hydrogen peroxide from mitochondria with a fluorescence spectrophotometer using the amplex red/horseradish peroxidase system. in the forward electron transfer, a slow superoxide production in the presence of glutamate and malate ...	2005	15906144
targeting liposomes with protein drugs to the blood-brain barrier in vitro.	in this study, we aim to target pegylated liposomes loaded with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and tagged with transferrin (tf) to the bbb in vitro. liposomes were prepared with the post-insertion technique: micelles of polyethylene glycol (peg) and peg-tf were inserted into pre-formed liposomes containing hrp. tf was measured indirectly by measuring iron via atomic absorption spectroscopy. all liposomes were around 100 nm in diameter, contained 5-13 microg hrp per mumol phospholipid and 63-74 tf ...	2005	15911226
nerve-pathways of acupoint fengch'ih in rat by anterograde transport of hrp.	to study the nervous-pathways of fengch'ih acupuncture by means of anterograde transport of aqueous solution of horseradish peroxidase (hrp).	2005	15918204
effect of neonatal spinal transection and dorsal rhizotomy on hindlimb muscles.	the purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of deafferentation on spinal motoneurons. we studied the effects of spinal cord transection and/or dorsal rhizotomy upon the contractile properties of edl and soleus muscle, as well as on the number of motoneurons corresponding to these muscles. neonatal wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups in which spinal midthoracic section (t8-t10), unilateral dorsal lumbar rhizotomy (l3-s2) or both procedures were performed on the second pos ...	2005	15921763
sulfoxidation mechanisms catalyzed by cytochrome p450 and horseradish peroxidase models: spin selection induced by the ligand.	the sulfoxidation of dimethyl sulfide (dms), by two different heme-type enzyme models (without the protein), namely, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and cytochrome p450 (p450), was studied using density functional theory. the models differ from each other by the axial ligand of the iron, which is imidazole in the case of hrp and thiolate in the case of p450. the computational results reveal a concerted oxygen atom transfer to sulfur, with spin-state selection dependent upon the identity of the prox ...	2005	15924434
p450 aromatase inhibition assay using a competitive elisa.	p450 aromatase (p450arom) is a well known target by anti-cancer drugs and toxic chemicals and efficient and convenient analytical tools are desired for. we established a convenient assay for p450arom inhibition based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the first step of the assay consists of a p450arom reaction, which converts a testosterone to a 17beta-estradiol using a recombinant human p450arom and a nadph regenerating system. the second step of the assay consists of an elisa sys ...	2005	15925223
inhibition of the respiratory burst by resveratrol in human monocytes: correlation with inhibition of pi3k signaling.	trans-resveratrol (t-rvt) has been shown to have a wide range of anti-inflammatory properties, some of which have been suggested to contribute to the molecular explanation of the french paradox, a possible reason for the low incidence of heart disease in france. the ability of t-rvt to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) from monocytes (differentiated u937) was investigated using isoluminol, luminol, lucigenin, and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (dcf). t-rvt (0.1-50 microm) was fo ...	2005	15925284
neuronal connection of the cortex and reconstruction of the visual space.	the distributions of retrograde labeled cells in fields 17 and 18 and the fields 17/18 transitional zone were studied in both hemispheres of cats after microiontophoretic administration of horseradish peroxidase into individual cortical columns in fields 17, 18, 19, and 21a. the clustered organization of the internal connections of the cortical fields, the asymmetrical locations of labeled callosal cells relative to the injected columns, and the defined distribution of labeled cells in layers a ...	2005	15929572
abducens internuclear neurons depend on their target motoneurons for survival during early postnatal development.	the highly specific projection of abducens internuclear neurons onto medial rectus motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus is a good model to evaluate the dependence on target cells for survival during development and in the adult. thus, the procedure we chose to selectively deprive abducens internuclear neurons of their natural target was the enucleation of postnatal day 1 rats to induce the death of medial rectus motoneurons. two months later, we evaluated both the extent of reduction in target ...	2005	15935346
afferent innervation of the trachea during postnatal development.	retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase was used in this study to determine the location and basic morphological parameters of neurons innervating the trachea in newborn, 10-, 20-, 30-day-old and 2-month-old kittens. labeled neurons were detected in all animals in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve and in the spinal ganglia (c1-c7 and t1-t6 after injection of tracer into the cervical trachea, c5-c7 and t1-t8 with injection into the thoracic part of the trachea) from both sides. ...	2005	15935738
electrochemical sensor for immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen based on thionine monolayer modified gold electrode.	a sensor based on thionine monolayer modified gold electrode for determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) in human serum is proposed. the sensor is prepared by covalently binding thionine to a cysteamine self-assembled monolayer with p-phthaloyl chloride as a linkage, which gives a surface coverage of 8.97+/-3.28 x 10(-12)mol/cm(2) for thionine. the electrochemistry of the immobilized thionine displays a surface-controlled electrode process with an average electron transfer rate constant ...	2005	15936592
high resolution as a key feature to perform accurate elispot measurements using zeiss ks elispot readers.	the enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assay was originally developed for the detection of individual antibody secreting b-cells. since then, the method has been improved, and elispot is used for the determination of the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interferon (ifn)-gamma, or various interleukins (il)-4, il-5. elispot measurements are performed in 96-well plates with nitrocellulose membranes either visually or by means of image analysis. image analysis offers various procedur ...	2005	15937349
dual-color elispot assay for analyzing cytokine balance.	a dual-color enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assay enabled us to analyze three kinds of cytokine-secreting cells simultaneously. t helper (th) cells can be subdivided into at least two distinct functional subsets based on their cytokine secretion profiles. the first type of clones (th1) produces interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-gamma but not il-4 or il-5. the second type of clones (th2) produces il-4 and il-5 but not il-2 or ifn-gamma. furthermore, the presence of the third type (th0) ...	2005	15937358
deodorization of swine manure using minced horseradish roots and peroxides.	public concerns about offensive odors from livestock manures are on the rise and so is the pressure to develop practical ways to reduce the odors. the use of minced horseradish (armoracia rusticanal) roots (1:10 w/v plant tissue to swine slurry ratio), with calcium peroxide (cao2 at 26 or 34 mm) or hydrogen peroxide (h2o2 at 34, 52, or 68 mm) for the deodorization of swine manure, was evaluated through a series of laboratory experiments. the principle underlying this deodorization method is the ...	2005	15941330
[development and application of triple antibodies-based sandwich elisa for detecting nucleocapsid protein of sars-associated coronavirus].	to prepare and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mab) and polyclonal antibodies against nucleocapsid (n) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars)-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) and to establish antibodies-based sandwich elisa for detecting n protein of sars-cov, which might apply to early diagnosis of patients with sars-cov infection.	2005	15941537
microplate elisa for urine microalbumin: reference values and results in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.	an elisa for urine microalbumin using microtiter plates has been developed. the assay uses polyclonal anti-human albumin antibody for coating the microtiter plates and the same antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase for detection. the assay sensitivity is 1.6 microg/ml. results by this in-house elisa show good correlation (r = 0.99) with those obtained by a commercial assay using the behring bnii autoanalyzer. within-day and between-day cvs are 10%. reference values for microalbumin in ...	2005	15943178
development of solution phase hybridisation pcr-elisa for the detection and quantification of enterococcus faecalis and pediococcus pentosaceus in nurmi-type cultures.	nurmi-type cultures (ntcs), derived from the fermentation of caecal contents of specifically pathogen-free (spf) birds, have been used successfully to control salmonella colonisation in chicks. these cultures are undefined in nature and, consequently, it is difficult to obtain approval from regulatory agencies for their use as direct fed microbials (dfms) for poultry. progress towards the generation of effective defined probiotics requires further knowledge of the composition of these cultures. ...	2005	15949857
enkephalin-immunoreactive interneurons extensively innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons regulating the pelvic viscera.	enkephalin (enk)-immunoreactive (ir) axons occur in regions containing spinal autonomic neurons and endogenous opiates contribute to spinal regulation of bladder function. to identify possible spinal sites of opiate action, we used immunocytochemistry for enk with retrograde tracing from the major pelvic ganglion (mpg), a key location for postganglionic neurons controlling pelvic viscera, with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) or ctb-horseradish peroxidase (ctb-hrp). we compared the relationship of ...	2005	15952166
the central termination of sensory fibers from nerves to the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat.	peripheral nerves innervating muscles have sensory fibers that relay information into the cns information about proprioception, pain, and the metabolic state of the muscle. the present study shows the primary afferent projections into the spinal cord of the nerves innervating the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat using the transganglionic transport of a cocktail of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) conjugated to cholera toxin and wheat germ agglutinin; these markers have been shown to label large and s ...	2005	15953682
in cat four times as many lamina i neurons project to the parabrachial nuclei and twice as many to the periaqueductal gray as to the thalamus.	the spinothalamic tract, and especially its fibers originating in lamina i, is the best known pathway for transmission of nociceptive information. on the other hand, different studies have suggested that more lamina i cells project to the parabrachial nuclei (pbn) and periaqueductal gray (pag) than to the thalamus. the exact ratio of the number of lamina i projections to pbn, pag and thalamus is not known, because comprehensive studies examining these three projections from all spinal segments, ...	2005	15953685
heme oxygenase-1 inhibits cigarette smoke-induced increase in the tracheal mucosal permeability in guinea pigs in vivo.	to examine whether heme oxygenase (ho)-1 inhibits cigarette smoke (cs)-induced increase in the airway mucosal permeability.	2005	15953995
a comparative study of the antioxidant/prooxidant activities of eugenol and isoeugenol with various concentrations and oxidation conditions.	eugenol (compound in , 4-allyl-2-methyoxyphenol) and isoeugenol (compound in , 4-propenyl-2-methoxyphenol), both used as a flavor agent in cosmetic and food products, have both prooxidant and antioxidant activities. their adverse effects such as allergic and inflammatory reaction may be due to their prooxidant activity. to clarify the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity and the factors affecting their antioxidant/prooxidant activities, we investigated the cytotoxicity, ros production, and cellular ...	2005	15964168
carbon fibre-based microbiosensors for in vivo measurements of acetylcholine and choline.	this report describes technical improvements to the manufacture of a carbon fibre electrode for the stable and sensitive detection of h2o2 (detection limit at 0.5 microm). this electrode was also modified through the co-immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and/or choline oxidase (chox) in a bovine serum albumin (bsa) membrane for the development of a sensor for in vivo measurements of acetylcholine and choline. amperometric measurements were performed using a conventional three-electrod ...	2005	15967355
lectin histochemistry of the boar bulbourethral glands.	the present study describes, for the first time, the glycosidic content of boar bulbourethral glands using lectin histochemistry. fourteen horseradish peroxidase- or digoxigenin-labelled lectins with different carbohydrate specificities were used in samples obtained from 3 healthy landrace boars. the results obtained indicate that endpiece and duct cells synthesize and secrete mainly o-glycoproteins with alpha- and beta-d-n-acetylgalactosamine, beta-d-galactose-beta(1-->3)-d-n-acetylgalactosamin ...	2005	15967741
identification of laminin-binding motifs of yersinia pestis plasminogen activator by phage display.	yersinia pestis plasminogen activator (pla), a surface virulence factor contributes to the highly invasive nature of the pathogen by binding various tissue matrix components. in this study we characterised the laminin-binding site(s) of pla via phage display and alanine-scanning mutagenesis. previously we isolated 18 different heptamer peptide sequences from a phage display library with biopanning on laminin, and have shown that two of them with sequences of wslltpa or ypyiptl completely inhibit ...	2005	15969469
[development of the method for analysis of the cytokine balance shift associated with diseases].	a dual-color enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assay enabled us to analyze three types of cytokine-secreting cells simultaneously. t helper (th) cells can be subdivided into at least two distinct functional subsets based on their cytokine secretion profiles. the first type of clones (th1) produces interleukin-2 (il-2) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), but not il-4 or il-5. the second type of clones (th2) produces il-4 and il-5, but not il-2 or ifn-gamma. furthermore, the presence of the third t ...	2005	15802881
influence of the paraventricular nucleus and oxytocin on the retrograde stain of pubococcygeus muscle motoneurons in male rats.	lumbosacral cord motoneurons innervating the pubococcygeus muscle (pcm) at the pelvic floor of male rats were analyzed. we showed previously that these motoneurons participate in sexual functions and are sensitive to fluctuations of systemic androgen and estrogen. though estrogen receptors have not been identified in lamina ix at these spinal areas, the release of oxytocin from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (pvn) has been found to control pelvic sexual physiology. we therefore ...	2005	15804495
imaging of intraneural edema by using gadolinium-enhanced mr imaging: experimental compression injury.	compressive and entrapment neuropathies are diseases frequently observed on routine clinical examination. a definitive diagnosis based on clinical symptoms and neurologic findings alone is difficult in many cases, however, and electrophysiologic measurement is used as a supplementary diagnostic method. in this study, we examined to use protein tracers (evans blue albumin or horseradish peroxidase) and gadolinium-enhanced mr imaging to determine the changes of blood-nerve barrier permeability in ...	2005	15814956
heat inactivation and reactivation of broccoli peroxidase.	heat inactivation characteristics differed for acidic (a), neutral (n), and basic (b) broccoli peroxidase. at 65 degrees c, a was the most heat stable followed by n and b. the activation energies for denaturation were 388, 189, and 269 kj/mol for a, n, and b, respectively. reactivation of n occurred rapidly, within 10 min after the heated enzyme was cooled and incubated at room temperature. the extent of reactivation varied from 0 to 50% depending on the isoenzyme and heating conditions (tempera ...	2005	15826080
gastrointestinal tract innervation of the mouse: afferent regeneration and meal patterning after vagotomy.	mice, with the variety of genotypes they provide, should be particularly useful for studies of growth factors and gene products in regeneration of autonomic pathways such as the vagus nerve. to provide a foundation for examinations of mouse vagal reorganization, two experiments assessed the rate, extent, and accuracy of afferent reinnervation of the stomach after vagotomy and related these patterns to feeding behavior. in experiment 1, the pattern of afferent regrowth into the gut after unilater ...	2005	15831767
inhibitory effects on intake of cholecystokinin-8 and cholecystokinin-33 in rats with hepatic proper or common hepatic branch vagal innervation.	the relative potencies of cholecystokinin (cck)-8 and cck-33 for decreasing meal size depend on the route of administration. inhibitory potencies are equal after intraperitoneal administration, but cck-33 is significantly more potent after intraportal administration. this suggests that cck-33 is a more effective stimulant of hepatic afferent vagal nerves than is cck-8. to investigate this possibility, we administered both peptides intraperitoneally in rats with abdominal vagotomies that spared o ...	2005	15831770
role of phenoxyl radicals in dna adduction by chlorophenol xenobiotics following peroxidase activation.	chlorophenol (cp) toxins are classified as probable human carcinogens and are known to undergo bioactivation to generate benzoquinone (bq) electrophiles that react covalently with biopolymers. recently, we characterized the ability of pentachlorophenol (pcp) to react covalently with deoxyguanosine (dg) following treatment with horseradish peroxidase (hrp)/h2o2 or myeloperoxidase to yield a c8-dg oxygen (o)-adduct that suggested the intermediacy of the pentachlorophenoxyl radical in covalent bond ...	2005	15833038
c-fiber (remak) bundles contain both isolectin b4-binding and calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive axons.	unmyelinated nerve fibers (remak bundles) in the rodent sciatic nerve typically contain multiple axons. this study asked whether c-fiber bundles contain axons arising from more than one type of neuron. most small neurons of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (drg) are either glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor dependent or nerve growth factor dependent, binding either isolectin b4 (ib4) or antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), respectively. injection of ib4-conjugated horser ...	2005	15770655
enhanced sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (spr) immunoassays using a peroxidase-catalyzed precipitation reaction and its application to a protein microarray.	we describe a method to improve the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (spr) immunoassays using a horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalyzed precipitation reaction. the precipitation reaction catalyzed by hrp bound to the spr biosensor surface via a sandwich immunoassay induced a shift in the spr angle. human interferon (ifn)-gamma at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 ng/ml was detectable by this method. we also show that this biocatalytic signal amplification method can be applied to sp ...	2005	15777936
enzymes in the cavity of hollow silica nanoparticles.	due to limitations of the existing preparative methods of hollow nanoparticles by either heating at high temperature (>600 degrees c) or by using strong acid, alkali, or an organic solvent, it was not possible up till now to encapsulate any sensitive organic molecule like enzyme or others inside the cavity of hollow nanoparticles. we have demonstrated a much softer method of preparing hollow silica nanoparticles with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) inside the cavity by synthesizing hrp-doped core-s ...	2005	15752825
using enzymes isolated from diverse sources to determine metal ion cofactors.	oxidoreductases and hydrolases isolated from different sources (horseradish and peanut peroxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases from baker's yeast and horse liver, and alkaline phosphatases from escherichia coli, chicken and seal intestine) were used to determine their metal ion cofactors: fe(iii), zn(ii) and mg(ii), respectively. studying the effects of the metal ion cofactors on the catalytic activity of the enzymes of different origin showed that the extent of their inhibition, activation, or reac ...	2005	15756603
formation of compound i by photo-oxidation of compound ii.	[reaction: see text] compound i is the heme-iron(iv)-oxo porphyrin radical cation formed in peroxidase and catalase enzymes by reaction with hydrogen peroxide. as an alternative to chemical oxidations of porphyrin-iron(iii) species, various compound i species were produced by 355 nm laser flash photolysis photooxidation of the corresponding compound ii species, porphyrin-iron(iv)-oxo derivatives. the method is demonstrated by production and kinetic studies of the compound i species from 5,10,15, ...	2005	15760172
preparing catalytic surfaces for sensing applications by immobilizing enzymes via hydrophobin layers.	simple and reliable immobilization techniques that preserve the activity of enzymes are of interest in many technologies based on catalysis. here, two redox enzymes, glucose oxidase from aspergillus niger and horseradish peroxidase, were immobilized by physisorption on glassy carbon electrodes coated with schizophyllum commune hydrophobin. hydrophobins are small, interfacially active proteins that have the remarkable property of adhering to almost any surface. we showed recently that these prote ...	2005	15762565
plastic reorganization in the cerebellothalamic system after partial deafferentation of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus.	a method based on the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase after preliminary (three months) lesioning of the contralateral intermediate nucleus of the cerebellum or lateral vestibular nucleus of deiters in adult cats demonstrated the formation of new ipsilateral thalamic projections from all three central nuclei of the cerebellum and the nuclei of the vestibular complex.	2005	15739787
tumor cell proliferation and cyclooxygenase inhibitory constituents in horseradish (armoracia rusticana) and wasabi (wasabia japonica).	cyclooxygenase and human tumor cell growth inhibitory extracts of horseradish (armoracia rusticana) and wasabi (wasabia japonica) rhizomes upon purification yielded active compounds 1-3 from horseradish and 4 and 5 from wasabi rhizomes. spectroscopic analyses confirmed the identities of these active compounds as plastoquinone-9 (1), 6-o-acyl-beta-d-glucosyl-beta-sitosterol (2), 1,2-dilinolenoyl-3-galactosylglycerol (3), linolenoyloleoyl-3-beta-galactosylglycerol (4), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-beta-g ...	2005	15740020
micro-analytical go/hrp bioreactor for glucose determination and bioprocess monitoring.	a bi-enzymatic micro-analytical bioreactor integrated in a fia system for glucose measurements is described. its robustness and small dimensions (working volume of about 70 microl containing approximately 1.2 mg go and 0.26 mg hrp) make it easy to operate. the column is based on immobilisation of glucose oxidase (go) and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) on alkylamine controlled pore glass (cpg) beads. the column has excellent shelf life (no significant loss of activity after 1 year if kept at 4 degr ...	2005	15741063
a murine model of ulcerative colitis: induced with sinusitis-derived superantigen and food allergen.	the etiology of ulcerative colitis (uc) is to be understood. the basic pathological feature of uc is intestinal chronic inflammation. superantigen, such as staphylococcus enterotoxin b (seb), is reported to compromise intestinal barrier function by increasing epithelial permeability and initiate inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. inasmuch as anatomic position of the sinus, chronic sinusitis-derived seb may follow the secretion and to be swallowed down to the gastrointestinal tract and induce ...	2005	15745456
immobilization of escherichia coli cells by use of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1.	an immobilization scheme for bacterial cells is described, in which the antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 was used to trap escherichia coli k-12 and o157:h7 cells on microtiter plate well surfaces. cecropin p1 was covalently attached to the well surfaces, and e. coli cells were allowed to bind to the peptide-coated surface. the immobilized cells were detected colorimetrically with an anti-e. coli antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. binding curves were obtained in which the signal intensit ...	2005	15746309
an isolated pool of vesicles recycles at rest and drives spontaneous neurotransmission.	spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion is a common property of all synapses. to trace the origin of spontaneously fused vesicles in hippocampal synapses, we tagged vesicles with fluorescent styryl dyes, antibodies against synaptotagmin-1, or horseradish peroxidase. we could show that synaptic vesicles recycle at rest, and after spontaneous exo-endocytosis, they populate a reluctantly releasable pool of limited size. interestingly, vesicles in this spontaneously labeled pool were more likely to re-f ...	2005	15721242
lefty is expressed in mouse endometrium in estrous cycle and peri-implantation period.	reproductive tissues are unique structures that exhibit cyclic stromal remodelling during menstrual cycles in humans. ebaf/lefty participates in tissue remodelling of human endometrium by induction of matrix metalloproteases (mmp).	2005	15640253
effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on p-glycoprotein function.	the effects of dietary phytochemicals on p-glycoprotein function were investigated using human multidrug-resistant carcinoma kb-c2 cells and the fluorescent p-glycoprotein substrates daunorubicin and rhodamine 123. the effects of natural chemopreventive compounds, capsaicin found in chilli peppers, curcumin in turmeric, [6]-gingerol in ginger, resveratrol in grapes, sulforaphane in broccoli, 6-methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-hitc) in japanese horseradish wasabi, indole-3-carbinol (i3c) in ...	2005	15649425
topographical localisation of glucidic residues and their variations in the canine zona pellucida during folliculogenesis.	in the present ultrastructural study, horseradish peroxidase-labelled lectins, in conjunction with antiperoxidase antibody and protein a-gold, were used to characterise and localise the oligosaccharide sequences of zona pellucida glycoproteins at different stages of follicular development in the canine ovary. deacetylation and sialidase digestion were also performed before lectin cytochemistry. the zona pellucida of oocytes present in unilaminar primary follicles reacts with wga- and rca-i-lecti ...	2005	15704007
3-nitropropionic acid-induced hydrogen peroxide, mitochondrial dna damage, and cell death are attenuated by bcl-2 overexpression in pc12 cells.	3-nitropropionic acid (3-npa), a complex ii inhibitor of the electron transport chain, causes huntington disease-like symptoms after administration into animals. however, primary mechanisms of cell death are not clearly understood. this study tested the hypothesis that 3-npa leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), mitochondrial dna damage, and loss of mitochondrial function. amplex red and horseradish peroxidase were used to accurately measure the amount of h2o2, and showed tha ...	2005	15710238
afferents of vocalization-controlling periaqueductal regions in the squirrel monkey.	in order to determine the input of vocalization-controlling regions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (pag), wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was injected in six squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) at pag sites yielding vocalization when injected with the glutamate agonist homocysteic acid. brains were scanned for retrogradely labeled areas common to all six animals. the results show that the vocalization-eliciting sites receive a widespread input, with the heaviest projections com ...	2005	15713263
interference of non-specific peroxidases in the fluorescence detection of superoxide radical by hydroethidine oxidation: a new assay for h2o2.	the present study shows that hydroethidine (he), used for in-vivo qualitative fluorescent detection of superoxide anion, can be also oxidized by h2o2 via non-specific peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase) catalysis, forming fluorescent oxidation products. these products give broad excitation/emission peaks (490-495/580-600 nm) near the excitation/emission peaks (475/580 nm) of the he-superoxide oxidation product, and this may pose serious interference problems to the fluorescen ...	2005	15690180
continuous-flow/stopped-flow system using an immunobiosensor for quantification of human serum igg antibodies to helicobacter pylori.	conventional methods, such as gastric biopsy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), culture, require a long time for the determination of helicobacter pylori infections. this study reports an amperometric immunoreactor for rapid and sensitive quantification of human serum immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to h. pylori. antibodies in the serum sample are allowed to react immunologically with the purified h. pylori antigens that are immobilized on a rotating disk. the bound antibodies are qua ...	2005	15691499
indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of brucella melitensis-specific antibodies in goat milk.	brucella melitensis is the cause of brucellosis in sheep and goats, which often results in abortion. few cases of b. melitensis infection in goats have occurred in the united states over the last 25 years. however, vigilance must be maintained, as it is for the bovine milk industry, to ensure that brucellosis is not introduced into the u.s. goat population. the objective of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) for the detection of ...	2005	15695670
in vivo drug-linker stability of an anti-cd30 dipeptide-linked auristatin immunoconjugate.	effective antibody-drug conjugates (adc) combine high drug-linker stability in circulation and efficient intratumoral release of drug. conjugation of monomethyl auristatin e (mmae) to the anti-cd30 monoclonal antibody (mab), cac10, produced a selective and potent adc against cd30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma and hodgkin's disease models. this adc, cac10-valine-citrulline-mmae, uses a protease-sensitive dipeptide linker designed to release mmae by lysosomal cathepsin b in target cells but ma ...	2005	15701875
a quantitative study of the brainstem cholinergic projections to the ventral part of the oral pontine reticular nucleus (rem sleep induction site) in the cat.	the ventral part of the cat oral pontine reticular nucleus (vrpo) is the site in which microinjections of small dose and volume of cholinergic agonists produce long-lasting rapid eye movement sleep with short latency. the present study determined the precise location and proportions of the cholinergic brainstem neuronal population that projects to the vrpo using a double-labeling method that combines the neuronal tracer horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin with choline acetyltransferase ...	2005	15365661
local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications.	the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that burst ultrasound in the presence of an ultrasound contrast agent can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (bbb) with acoustic parameters suitable for completely noninvasive exposure through the skull. the 10-ms exposures were targeted in the brains of 22 rabbits with a frequency of 690 khz, a repetition frequency of 1 hz, and peak rarefactional pressure amplitudes up to 3.1 mpa. the total exposure (sonication) time was 20 s. prior to each soni ...	2005	15588592
preparation of inert magnetic nano-particles for the directed immobilization of antibodies.	various activated supports (cyanogen bromide, glutaraldehyde, epoxy-chelates, primary amino) were evaluated for the immobilization of igg anti-horseradish peroxidase. cyanogen bromide and glutaraldehyde supports greatly reduced the recognition capacity of the antigen, probably due to the incorrect orientation of the antibody on the support. hetero-functional epoxy-chelate and immobilization by the sugar chain on primary amino groups had little effect on high recognition of the antigen (near to t ...	2005	15590293
gaba and glycine in synaptic microcircuits associated with physiologically characterized primary afferents of cat trigeminal principal nucleus.	previous studies suggest that sensory information conveyed through trigeminal afferents is more strongly controlled at the level of the first synapse by gaba-mediated presynaptic mechanisms in the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus (vp) than other sensory nuclei. however, it is unknown if such a mechanism is common to functionally different classes of primary afferent in the same nucleus or across the nuclei. to address these issues, the present study focused on synaptic microcircuits associat ...	2005	15678357
genioglossal hypoglossal muscle motoneurons are contacted by nerve terminals containing delta opioid receptor but not mu opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the cat: a dual labeling electron microscopic study.	this study has investigated (1) the distribution of delta opioid receptor (dor) or mu opioid receptor (mor) containing elements in the hypoglossal nucleus of the adult cat; and (2) the association of these processes with retrogradely labeled genioglossus muscle motoneurons. cholera toxin b conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (ctb-hrp) was injected into the genioglossus muscle on the right side of four isoflurane-anesthetized cats. forty-four to 52 h later, the animals were sacrificed. motoneuro ...	2005	15680937
acid azo dye degradation by free and immobilized horseradish peroxidase (hrp) catalyzed process.	acid azo (acid black 10 bx) dye removal by plant based peroxidase catalyzed reaction was investigated. horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was extracted from horseradish roots and its performance was evaluated in both free and immobilized form. hrp showed its ability to degrade the dye in aqueous phase. studies are further carried out to understand the process parameters such as aqueous phase ph, h2o2 dose, dye and enzyme concentrations during enzyme-mediated dye degradation process. experimental data ...	2005	15664617
amino acid sensing by ssy1.	saccharomyces cerevisiae senses extracellular amino acids using two members of the family of amino acid transporters, gap1 or ssy1; aspects of the latter are reviewed here. despite resemblance with bona fide transporters, ssy1 appears unable to facilitate transport. exposure of yeast to amino acids results in ssy1-dependent transcriptional induction of several genes, in particular some encoding amino acid transporters. amino acids differ strongly in their potency, leucine being the most potent o ...	2005	15667321
kinetics of interconversion of ferrous enzymes, compound ii and compound iii, of wild-type synechocystis catalase-peroxidase and y249f: proposal for the catalatic mechanism.	with the exception of catalase-peroxidases, heme peroxidases show no significant ability to oxidize hydrogen peroxide and are trapped and inactivated in the compound iii form by h2o2 in the absence of one-electron donors. interestingly, some katg variants, which lost the catalatic activity, form compound iii easily. here, we compared the kinetics of interconversion of ferrous enzymes, compound ii and compound iii of wild-type synechocystis katg, the variant y249f, and horseradish peroxidase (hrp ...	2005	15637065
on-line hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation-electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry of intact proteins.	capabilities of mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact proteins can be increased through separation methods. flow field-flow fractionation (flfff) is characterized by the particularly "soft" separation mechanism, which is ideally suited to maintain the native structure of intact proteins. this work describes the original on-line coupling between hollow-fiber flfff (hf flfff), the microcolumn variant of flfff, and electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (esi/tofms) for the ...	2005	15623277
afferent subcortical connections into the motor cortical larynx area in the rhesus monkey.	in three rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), the inferior motor cortex was explored by electrical stimulation for sites yielding vocal fold adduction. the retrograde tracer wheat germ-agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase was injected into the effective sites. within the forebrain, retrogradely labeled cells were found in the claustrum, basal nucleus of meynert, substantia innominata, extended amygdala, lateral and posterior hypothalamic area, field h of forel, and a number of thalamic nucle ...	2005	15561430
afferent cortical connections of the motor cortical larynx area in the rhesus monkey.	the present study describes the cortical input into the motor cortical larynx area. the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin was injected into the electrophysiologically identified motor cortical larynx area in three rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). retrogradely labeled cells were found in the surrounding premotor cortex (areas 6v and 6d), primary motor cortex (area 4), primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3, 1 and 2), anterior and posterior secondary somatose ...	2005	15561431
retrograde double-labeling study of common afferent projections to the dorsal raphe and the nuclear core of the locus coeruleus in the rat.	common afferent projections to the dorsal raphe (dr) and locus coeruleus (lc) nuclei were analyzed in the rat by making paired injections of retrograde tracers, gold-conjugated and inactivated wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-apo-hrp-gold) and fluorogold (fg), into the dr and the nuclear core of the lc. our results demonstrate that the largest number of double-labeled neurons was located at various preoptic regions including medial preoptic area, lateral preoptic nucleus, and ven ...	2005	15562508
axons in cat visual cortex are topologically self-similar.	the axonal arbors of the different types of neocortical and thalamic neurons appear highly dissimilar when viewed in conventional 2d reconstructions. nevertheless, we have found that their one-dimensional metrics and topologies are surprisingly similar. to discover this, we analysed the axonal branching pattern of 39 neurons (23 spiny, 13 smooth and three thalamic axons) that were filled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) during in vivo experiments in cat area 17. the axons were c ...	2005	15238439
in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei.	in situ hybridization is used to determine the chromosomal map location and the relative order of genes and dna sequences within a chromosomal band. it can also be used to detect aneuploidy, gene amplification, and subtle chromosomal rearrangements. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), probably the most widely used method, is described in the first basic protocol. two support protocols are provided to amplify weak fluorescent signals obtained in fish. nonisotopic probes can also be detecte ...	2005	18428378
morphology antibody chromosome technique for determining phenotype and genotype of the same cell.	the morphology antibody chromosome (mac) technique is a powerful combination of methods that permits analysis of both phenotype and genotype on a single interphase or mitotic cell as a basis for lineage analysis of neoplastic and normal cells. this unit describes mac with sequential phenotypic analysis using antibody and an alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (apaap) complex and genotypic analysis using in situ hybridization with either enzymatic or fluorescence detection. alternate m ...	2005	18428381
the central connections of the olfactory bulbs in cod, gadus morhua l.	the central projections of the "classical" olfactory system of the cod, gadus morhua were examined with horseradish peroxidase and cobalt tracing techniques. label was applied to the olfactory bulb or selectively to central stumps of sectioned individual olfactory tract bundlets. the olfactory bulb projects bilaterally to restricted areas of the dorsolateral, ventromedial and basolateral telencephalon, anterior commissural and preoptic areas, habenular nuclei, dorsal thalamus and to the nucleus ...	2005	1280292
therapeutic effects of moringa oleifera on arsenic-induced toxicity in rats.	moringa oleifera lamarack (english: horseradish-tree, drumstick-tree; hindi: saijan; sanskrit: shigru) belongs to the moringaceae family, is generally known in the developing world as a vegetable, a medicinal plant and a source of vegetable oil. besides, the plant is reported to have various biological activities, including hypocholesterolemic agent, regulation of thyroid hormone status, anti-diabetic agent, gastric ulcers, anti-tumor agent and hypotensive agent, used for treating various diseas ...	2005	21783626
background-protein effects on fluorophotometric data.	fluorescent tracers are commonly used in fluorophotometric studies of ocular fluids and tissues that contain background protein. background-protein concentrations were found to decrease or increase significantly the measure of fluorescence emitted from solutions containing sodium fluorescein, fluorescein-labeled dextran, or fluorescein-labeled horseradish peroxidase. the effect of background protein on fluorescence was expressed as a function of the specific fluorescent tracer, tracer concentrat ...	2005	1698738
[a new immunochemical method for detecting substance p receptors based on the biotin-streptavidin system].	a novel method for detecting the membrane receptors of substance p (sp) has been developed. the method does not require radioactive derivatives of sp and is based on quantitation of specifically bound biotinylated sp (bt-sp), the analysis being performed after destruction of the ligand-receptor complex in acidic conditions and bt-sp extraction into solution. the acidic extract from the bt-sp-membrane complex after neutralization is added to immulon microelisa plate coated with affinity purified ...	2005	1280142
peroxidase-linked anti-basic fibroblast growth factor monoclonal antibody fab' conjugates: application for two-site enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemical detection.	after conjugating thiol groups in the hinge region of monoclonal antibody (mab) fab' fragments specific for basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) with maleimido-horseradish peroxidase hrp) complexes synthesized by incubation of hrp with the heterobifunctional reagent n-succinimidyl-4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, we developed a fluorometric enzyme immunoassay method based on the sandwiching of the factor between anti-bfgf igg-coated polystyrene beads and the conjugates, and also an ...	2005	7873645
the mechanism of compound i formation revisited.	the most recently proposed mechanisms for the formation of the compound i intermediates of the peroxidases and catalases have been based on the crystallographic elucidation of the enzyme structures. it has been assumed that these mechanisms are compatible with an earlier proposal of the formation of a reversible enzyme-substrate intermediate called compound 0, which was based on data that pre-dated the availability of the enzyme structures. however, it is argued here that this is not the case an ...	2005	16213024
absence of a detectable intermediate in the compound i formation of horseradish peroxidase at ambient temperature.	a microsecond-resolved absorption spectrometer was developed to investigate the elementary steps in hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) activation reaction of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) at ambient temperature. the kinetic absorption spectra of hrp upon the mixing with various concentrations of h(2)o(2) (0.5-3 mm) were monitored in the time range from 50 to 300 mus. the time-resolved spectra in the soret region possessed isosbestic points that were close to those between the resting state and compound ...	2005	16221678
palm tree peroxidase-based biosensor with unique characteristics for hydrogen peroxide monitoring.	three amperometric enzyme electrodes have been constructed by adsorbing anionic royal palm tree peroxidase (rptp), anionic sweet potato peroxidase (spp), or cationic horseradish peroxidase (hrp-c) on spectroscopic graphite electrodes. the resulting h(2)o(2)-sensitive biosensors were characterized both in a flow injection system and in batch mode to evaluate their main bioelectrochemical parameters, such as ph dependency, i(max), k(m)(app), detection limit, linear range, operational and storage s ...	2005	16242613
optical spectra of lactoperoxidase as a function of solvent.	the iron of lactoperoxidase is predominantly high-spin at ambient temperature. optical spectra of lactoperoxidase indicate that the iron changes from high-spin to low-spin in the temperature range from room temperature to 20 k. the transformation is independent of whether the enzyme is in glycerol/water or solid sugar glass. addition of the inhibitor benzohydroxamic acid increases the amount of the low-spin form, and again the transformation is independent of whether the protein is in an aqueous ...	2005	16313199
studies on the interaction of nile red with horseradish peroxidase in solution.	the interaction of an extrinsic probe (nile red) with an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase) in solution was investigated using fluorescence techniques. nile red fluorescence is very environmentally sensitive and the presence of domains of differing polarity within the enzyme was ascertained by the decomposition of the nile red emission spectrum. further evidence for the position of the probe inside the enzyme was obtained from a molecular modeling study. a decrease in the emission intensity of the ...	2005	16302979
intramolecular electron transfer between tyrosyl radical and cysteine residue inhibits tyrosine nitration and induces thiyl radical formation in model peptides treated with myeloperoxidase, h2o2, and no2-: epr spin trapping studies.	we investigated the effects of a cysteine residue on tyrosine nitration in several model peptides treated with myeloperoxidase (mpo), h(2)o(2), and nitrite anion (no(2)(-)) and with horseradish peroxidase and h(2)o(2). sequences of model peptides were acetyl-tyr-cys-amide (yc), acetyl-tyr-ala-cys-amide (yac), acetyl-tyr-ala-ala-cys-amide (yaac), and acetyl-tyr-ala-ala-ala-ala-cys-amide (yaaaac). results indicate that nitration and oxidation products of tyrosyl residue in yc and other model pepti ...	2005	16176930
transformation and removal of bisphenol a from aqueous phase via peroxidase mediated oxidative coupling reactions: efficacy, products, and pathways.	a systematic investigation of the feasibility of and mechanisms for transformation and removal of bisphenol a (bpa) from aqueous phase via oxidative coupling mediated by horseradish peroxidase is described. it is demonstrated that bpa can be effectively transformed into precipitable solid products in hrp-mediated oxidative coupling reactions. a total of 13 reaction intermediates and products are identified using lc/ms and gc/ms techniques, and with the help of ab initio molecular modeling, detai ...	2005	16173560
determination of vitamin b1 in seawater and microalgal fermentation media by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.	a highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection has been developed for determination of vitamin b(1). vitamin b(1) was converted into a fluorescent compound by treatment with hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase and the derivative was subsequently analyzed by hplc on a waters spherisorb ods2 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm id, 5 microm) with 40:60 methanol-ph 8.5 acetate buffer solution as mobile phase and fluorescence detection at 440 nm (with excitatio ...	2005	16172881
direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of heme proteins entrapped in agarose hydrogel films in room-temperature ionic liquids.	the electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of a number of heme proteins entrapped in agarose hydrogel films in the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][pf(6)]) have been investigated. uv-vis and ftir spectroscopy show that the heme proteins retain their native structure in agarose film. the uniform distribution of hemoglobin in agarose-dimethylformamide film was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. cyclic voltammetry shows that direct electron ...	2005	16171360
molecular films of water-miscible ionic liquids formed on glassy carbon electrodes: characterization and electrochemical applications.	this letter describes the formation and possible electrochemical applications of molecular films of water-miscible imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ils) on glassy carbon (gc) electrodes. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) and electrochemical results indicate that the water-miscible ils used in this study can interact with the gc electrode and form molecular films on the electrode surface. the formed molecular films are found to possess striking electrochemical properties such as electrocatal ...	2005	16171322
liposomes as protective capsules for active silica sol-gel biocomposite synthesis.	using liposome to shield an enzyme from hostile chemical environments during the sol-gel formation process has resulted in a novel approach to synthesizing silica sol-gel biocomposite materials. by reporting the encapsulation of horseradish peroxidase and firefly luciferase, we demonstrate that this new protocol can produce silica biocomposites that are more active than trapping the enzymes directly into hydrogels.	2005	16159242
thermal stability and activity regain of horseradish peroxidase in aqueous mixtures of imidazolium-based ionic liquids.	thermal deactivation kinetics of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) were studied from 45 to 90 degrees c in phosphate buffer and 5-25% (v,w/v) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][bf4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [bmim][cl]. hrp activity at 25 degrees c was not affected by the presence of ionic liquids up to 20% (v,w/v). increasing the ionic liquids concentration up to 25% (v,w/v) changed the biphasic character of deactivation kinetics to an apparent single first-order ste ...	2005	16158269