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corrigendum: cross-talk between staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species via the agr quorum sensing system.[this corrects the article on p. 1733 in vol. 7, pmid: 27877157.].201728607550
mouse model of hematogenous implant-related staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection reveals therapeutic targets.infection is a major complication of implantable medical devices, which provide a scaffold for biofilm formation, thereby reducing susceptibility to antibiotics and complicating treatment. hematogenous implant-related infections following bacteremia are particularly problematic because they can occur at any time in a previously stable implant. herein, we developed a model of hematogenous infection in which an orthopedic titanium implant was surgically placed in the legs of mice followed 3 wk lat ...201728607050
np108, an antimicrobial polymer with activity against methicillin- and mupirocin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a clinically significant human pathogen that causes infectious diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections (ssti) and health care-associated infections (hai) to potentially fatal bacteremia and endocarditis. nasal carriage of s. aureus, especially for persistent carriage, is associated with an increased risk of subsequent infection, particularly nosocomial and surgical site infections (ssi), usually via autoinfection. np108 is a cationic antimicrobial polymer c ...201728607014
estimate of the economic impact of mastitis: a case study in a holstein dairy herd under tropical conditions.the aim of this study was to estimate the economic impact of mastitis at the herd level and the weight (percent) of the components of this impact in a holstein dairy herd under tropical conditions. three estimates of the economic impact of mastitis were performed. in estimates 1 and 2 the real production and economic indices from february 2011 to january 2012 were considered. in the estimate 1, indices for mastitis classified as ideal were considered, whereas in the estimate 2, the mastitis indi ...201728606365
[effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin-18 on expression of immune-inflammatory factors in mice infected with staphylococcus aureus].to observe the effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin (il)-18 on the expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the mice infected with staphylococcus aureus (sa), and to investigate the mechanism of action of il-18 in defense of sa infection in vivo.201728606241
anti-mrsa activity of fruiting body extracts of spectacular rustgill mushroom, gymnopilus junonius (agaricomycetes).despite the great advances in chemotherapeutics, infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. among some of the clinically relevant pathogens, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) ranks as one of the most difficult bacteria to treat. it is a common cause of skin, soft-tissue, and endovascular infections, as well as pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. the research on basidiomycota is extensive; many species show a broa ...201728605339
assessment of the risk to public health due to use of antimicrobials in pigs-an example of pleuromutilins in denmark.antibiotic consumption in pigs can be optimized by developing treatment guidelines, which encourage veterinarians to use effective drugs with low probability of developing resistance of importance for human health. in denmark, treatment guidelines for use in swine production are currently under review at the danish veterinary and food administration. use of pleuromutilins in swine has previously been associated with a very low risk for human health. however, recent international data and sporadi ...201728603717
(67)ga-labeled deferoxamine derivatives for imaging bacterial infection: preparation and screening of functionalized siderophore complexes.deferoxamine (dfo) is a siderophore that bacteria use to scavenge iron and could serve as a targeting vector to image bacterial infection where current techniques have critical limitations. [(67)ga]-dfo, which is a mimetic of the corresponding iron complex, is taken up by bacteria in culture, however in vivo it clears too rapidly to allow for imaging of infection. in response, we developed several new dfo derivatives to identify those that accumulate in bacteria, and at sites of infection, and t ...201728602965
scavenger receptor c promotes bacterial clearance in kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus by enhancing hemocyte phagocytosis and amp expression.scavenger receptors (srs) comprise a large family of structurally diverse glycoproteins located on the cell membrane and function as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) participating in innate immunity in different species. class c scavenger receptor (src) has been only identified in invertebrates and its biological functions still need to be researched. in this study, we characterized the anti-bacterial function of a src from kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus (mjsrc). the mrna level of mjsr ...201728602682
early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds: a retrospective review.early excision of burns reduces the incidence of local and systemic infections caused by colonising microorganisms, and reduces mortality and length of hospital stay. appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections and skin graft loss. antibiotic selection should be based on likely pathogens. however, there are few studies that have investigated the early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds.201728602589
risk factors for poor prognosis in nosocomial infective endocarditis.the aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of nosocomial infective endocarditis (nie) with community-acquired infective endocarditis (cie) and to determine independent risk factors for in-hospital death.201728602063
surgical treatment of shoulder infections: a comparison between arthroscopy and arthrotomy.management of bacterial shoulder infections includes antibiotic therapy and surgical joint decompression. arthroscopy and open arthrotomy are recommended treatment options. whether 1 of the 2 surgical options is superior remains unclear. the present study aimed (1) to compare the reinfection rates after arthroscopy and open arthrotomy and (2) to identify risk factors of reinfection after surgical intervention.201728601485
antibody-mediated protection against staphylococcus aureus dermonecrosis and sepsis by a whole cell vaccine.staphylococcus aureus is a very important human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. several vaccine clinical trials based on generating antibody against staphylococcal surface polysaccharides or proteins have been unsuccessful. a killed whole cell lysate preparation (sawca) was made by lysing a usa 300 strain with lysostaphin followed by sonication and harvest of the supernatant fraction. immunization with sawca and cholera toxin (ct) generated robust il-17a but r ...201728601365
aggressive gastrointestinal food allergy in neonates and its possible relationship to necrotizing enterocolitis.the incidence of gastrointestinal food allergy (fa) in neonates is increasing. despite this, cases of patients with gastrointestinal fa who develop necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) requiring laparotomy are extremely rare.201728601030
assessing the impact of a temporary class drug order on ethylphenidate-related infections among people who inject drugs in lothian, scotland: an interrupted time-series analysis.in april 2015, the uk government enacted a temporary class drug order (tcdo) on ethylphenidate in response to reported harms associated with its use, in particular an outbreak of infections among people who inject drugs (pwid) in lothian, scotland. this study assesses the effect that the tcdo had on reducing the most common infections identified during the outbreak: streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus.201728600805
real-time pcr to identify staphylococci and assay for virulence from blood.the genus staphylococcus includes pathogenic and non-pathogenic facultative anaerobes. due to the plethora of virulence factors encoded in its genome, the species staphylococcus aureus is known to be the most pathogenic. s. aureus strains harboring genes encoding virulence and antibiotic resistance are of public health importance. in clinical samples, however, pathogenic s. aureus is often mixed with putatively less pathogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), both of which can harbor mec ...201728600770
molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus circulating in the russian federation.the aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and molecular features of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates in russia. isolates recovered from hospital patients (n=480), healthy medical personnel (n=25), and healthy carriers (n=13) were included in the study. hospital-acquired mrsa (ha-mrsa) demonstrated high resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol (76%-92%), moderate - to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, an ...201728600216
searching for novel inhibitors of the s. aureus nora efflux pump: synthesis and biological evaluation of the 3-phenyl-1,4-benzothiazine analogues.bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become an increasingly serious health problem in recent years. among the strategies by which resistance can be achieved, overexpression of efflux pumps such as nora of staphylococcus aureus leads to a sub-lethal concentration of the antibacterial agent at the active site that in turn may predispose the organism to the development of high-level target-based resistance. with an aim to improve both the chemical stability and potency of our previously ...201728598572
how do the epidemiology of paediatric methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia differ?to examine whether the epidemiology of bacteraemia caused by methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) differed in children aged <1 year and in comparison to older age groups.201728598316
exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime induces multidrug resistance and reactive oxygen species generation in meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus.the role of antibiotics below their mic in the development of bacterial drug resistance is becoming increasingly important. we investigated the effect of sub-mics of bactericidal antibiotics on the susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and evaluated the role of free radicals.201728598307
antibacterial activity of diacetylcurcumin against staphylococcus aureus results in decreased biofilm and cellular adhesion.staphylococcus aureus infections have contributed to the global healthcare burden, particularly with regard to hospital-acquired meticillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) infections.201728598304
molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from australian animals and veterinarians.this study aimed to determine the frequency and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) from australian animals and whether animal-derived mrsa was similar to that from australian veterinarians. a total of 1,080 clinical coagulase positive staphylococcus isolates from australian animals were collected during 2013. sixteen (4%) of 360 s. aureus isolates were mrsa. most mrsa came from companion animals, while none came from livestock. mrsa isolates were charact ...201728598251
discontinuation of contact precautions with the introduction of universal daily chlorhexidine bathing.contact precautions are a traditional strategy to prevent transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). chlorhexidine bathing is increasingly used to decrease mrsa burden and transmission in intensive care units (icus). we sought to evaluate a hospital policy change from routine contact precautions for mrsa compared with universal chlorhexidine bathing, without contact precautions. we measured new mrsa acquisition in icu patients and surveyed for mrsa environmental contamin ...201728597809
clinical signs, pathophysiology and management of cutaneous side effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents.approximately one in four patients treated with anti-tnf agents (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, and golimumab) develops cutaneous adverse events, typically months to years after the initiation of treatment, with xerosis cutis, eczema (often psoriasiform), psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis, cutaneous infections, alopecia, and skin cancer being the most frequently encountered. the typical skin lesion of anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-treated patients is orange-red psoriasifor ...201728597181
phenol-soluble modulin toxins of staphylococcus haemolyticus.coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) are important nosocomial pathogens and the leading cause of sepsis. the second most frequently implicated species, after staphylococcus epidermidis, is staphylococcus haemolyticus. however, we have a significant lack of knowledge about what causes virulence of s. haemolyticus, as virulence factors of this pathogen have remained virtually unexplored. in contrast to the aggressive pathogen staphylococcus aureus, toxin production has traditionally not been as ...201728596942
draft genome sequence of a sequence type 398 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolate from a danish dairy cow with mastitis.livestock-associated (la) methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains of sequence type 398 (st398) colonize both humans and various livestock species. in 2016, an st398 la-mrsa isolate (sa52) was collected from a danish dairy cow with mastitis, and here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain sa52.201728596409
complete genome sequence of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonizing strain m92.m92 is a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonizing strain belonging to st239-mrsa-iii. it frequently shows local nasal colonization in our hospital staff, but has never been associated with infection. we sequenced the complete genome of m92, in order to compare it to highly virulent mrsa strains to gain insight into mrsa virulence factors.201728596402
complete genome sequences of five representative staphylococcus aureus st398 strains from five major sequence heterogeneity groups of a diverse isolate collection.staphylococcus aureus sequence type 398 (st398) is a rapidly emerging livestock-associated strain causing zoonotic disease in humans. the course of pathogen evolution remains unclear, prompting whole-genome comparative studies in attempts to elucidate this issue. we present the full, annotated genomes of five newly isolated representative st398 strains from five major sequence heterogeneity groups of our diverse isolate collection.201728596400
draft genome sequences of two staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in succession from a case of bacteremia.staphylococcus aureus strains meh1 and meh7 were successively isolated from the blood of a patient with recurrent bacteremia. the submitted draft genomes of strains meh1 and meh7 are 2,914,972 and 2,911,704 bp, respectively.201728596388
reshaping antibiotics through hydrophobic drug-bile acid ionic complexation enhances activity against staphylococcus aureus biofilms.the antibiotic era is on the verge of a profound change and facing a ground shaking crisis. the frequent failures of antibiotic treatments are often associated with biofilm formation, which is responsible for chronic infections, exacerbation as well as reinfection. so far, albeit the large number of valuable strategies employed to combat biofilm formation, little success has been recorded. in this work, we propose a simple approach, based on hydrophobic ionic complexation with the bile acids, de ...201728596137
sub-inhibitory stress with essential oil affects enterotoxins production and essential oil susceptibility in staphylococcus aureus.fourteen wild strains of staphylococcus aureus positive for gene sea were tested for enterotoxins production and the minimum inhibitory concentration of leptospermum scoparium, origanum majorana, origanum vulgare, satureja montana and thymus vulgaris essential oils (eos) were determined. after this trial, bacteria stressed with sub-inhibitory concentration of each eo were tested for enterotoxins production by an immunoenzymatic assay and resistance to the same eo. oregano oil exhibited the highe ...201728595460
genetic alterations responsible for reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in community-associated mrsa strains of st72.we previously reported the first case of vancomycin treatment failure due to development of vancomycin-intermediate resistance in a patient with an mrsa of st72, a community genotype in korea. we investigated two isogenic mrsa strains from this patient, who experienced treatment failure with vancomycin and rifampicin.201728595277
hospitalization cost at childbirth: health parameters and colonization with antimicrobial resistant bacteria and methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus.antimicrobial resistant bacteria (amr) are of public health and economic relevance. however, there is a lack of data regarding amr colonization in pregnant women and in newborns. furthermore, there are few studies analyzing hospital's net income (revenues and costs).201728595057
candidate genes on murine chromosome 8 are associated with susceptibility to staphylococcus aureus infection in mice and are involved with staphylococcus aureus septicemia in humans.we previously showed that chromosome 8 of a/j mice was associated with susceptibility to s. aureus infection. however, the specific genes responsible for this susceptibility are unknown. chromosome substitution strain 8 (css8) mice, which have chromosome 8 from a/j but an otherwise c57bl/6j genome, were used to identify the genetic determinants of susceptibility to s. aureus on chromosome 8. quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping of s. aureus-infected n2 backcross mice (f1 [c8a] × c57bl/6j) ident ...201728594911
key concepts of musculoskeletal infection.over the past few decades, musculoskeletal infections have increased in both incidence and severity. the clinical manifestations of musculoskeletal infections range from isolated osteomyelitis to multisite infections with systemic complications. although this increased incidence of musculoskeletal infections correlates with the increased incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections, other nonresistant infectious organisms have been associated with severe musculoskeletal in ...201728594530
update in pediatric musculoskeletal infections: when it is, when it isn't, and what to do.musculoskeletal infections, including osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and pyomyositis, are a substantial cause of morbidity in children and adolescents. the increased virulence of infectious agents and the increased prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, particularly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, have resulted in a more complicated clinical course for diagnosis and management, which is evidenced by an increased length of hospital stays, incidence of complications, and n ...201728594525
diffusion of clindamycin-resistant and erythromycin-resistant methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), potential st398, in united states veterans health administration hospitals, 2003-2014.changing phenotypic profiles of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) isolates can indicate the emergence of novel sequence types (st). the diffusion of mssa st can be tracked by combining established genotypic profiles with phenotypic surveillance data. st398 emerged in new york city (nyc) and exhibits resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin but tetracycline susceptibility ("potential st398"). trends of potential st398 were examined in a national cohort of all veterans health ...201728593043
emergence of a staphylococcus aureus clone resistant to mupirocin and fusidic acid carrying exotoxin genes and causing mainly skin infections.skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) caused by mupirocin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains have recently increased in number in our settings. we sought to evaluate the characteristics of these cases over a 43-month period. data for all community-acquired staphylococcal infections caused by mupirocin-resistant strains were retrospectively reviewed. genes encoding products producing high-level resistance (hlr) to mupirocin (mupa), fusidic acid resistance (fusb), resistance to macrolides a ...201728592549
current and emerging topical antibacterials and antiseptics: agents, action, and resistance patterns.bacterial skin infections represent some of the most common infectious diseases globally. prevention and treatment of skin infections can involve application of a topical antimicrobial, which may be an antibiotic (such as mupirocin or fusidic acid) or an antiseptic (such as chlorhexidine or alcohol). however, there is limited evidence to support the widespread prophylactic or therapeutic use of topical agents. challenges involved in the use of topical antimicrobials include increasing rates of b ...201728592405
low yield of blood and wound cultures in patients with skin and soft-tissue infections.current guidelines recommend blood cultures in skin and soft-tissue infection (ssti) patients only with signs of systemic toxicity and wound cultures for severe purulent infections. our objectives were to determine: 1) blood and wound culture yields in patients admitted with sstis; 2) whether injection drug users (idus) and febrile patients had higher blood culture yields; and 3) whether blood and wound cultures grew organisms sensitive to typical ssti empiric antibiotics.201728592371
effect of cessation of contact isolation for endemic methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. 201728592333
high burden of complicated skin and soft tissue infections in the indigenous population of central australia due to dominant panton valentine leucocidin clones st93-mrsa and cc121-mssa.superficial skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) are common among the indigenous population of the desert regions of central australia. however, the overall burden of disease and molecular epidemiology of staphylococcus aureus complicated sstis has yet to be described in this unique population.201728592231
participation of the arcracme protein in self-activation of the arc operon located in the arginine catabolism mobile element in pandemic clone usa300.staphylococcus aureus pandemic clone usa300 has, in addition to its constitutive arginine catabolism (arc) gene cluster, an arginine catabolism mobile element (acme) carrying another such cluster, which gives this clone advantages in colonisation and infection. gene arcr, which encodes an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator, is inside acme and downstream of the constitutive arc gene cluster, and this situation may have an impact on its activation. different relative expression behaviours ...201728591311
structure-based design of novel combinatorially generated nbtis as potential dna gyrase inhibitors against various staphylococcus aureus mutant strains.although intercalating agents such as quinolones have had proven therapeutic success as antibacterial agents for more than 40 years, new forms of quinolone-based resistance in bacteria are continually emerging. to alleviate this problem, a new class of antibacterials is urgently needed; recently, novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (nbtis) have been found to be particularly important. based on 67 experimentally evaluated nbtis against wild-type (wt) dna gyrase originating from staphylococcu ...201728590495
chlorhexidine whole-body washing of patients reduces methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and has a direct effect on the distribution of the st5-mrsa-ii (new york/japan) clone.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonizes the skin of hospitalized patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. to prevent colonization and infection by s. aureus, better disinfection practices are required. therefore, we evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine whole-body washing on hospital-acquired s. aureus infections among intensive care unit (icu) patients in a tertiary hospital in mexico.201728590235
a severe case of cutaneous adverse drug reaction secondary to a novice drug: idelalisib.phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (pik3δ) is a tyrosine kinase essential for b cell survival, making it an important target in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. idelalisib is an inhibitor of pik3δ demonstrating initial success in disease response, but is now shown to have a decreased overall survival and life-threatening serious adverse events. the following is an unfortunate case of a grade iii adverse skin reaction secondary to idelalisib with the likely complication of methicillin- ...201728589155
ventilator management of bronchopleural fistula secondary to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in a pregnant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.managing mechanical ventilation in patient with bronchopleural fistula with coexisting acute respiratory distress syndrome is a challenging situation for the intensivist. we are reporting a case of a pregnant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus on immunosuppressive medications who developed methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia complicated by bronchopleural fistula and acute respiratory distress syndrome.201728588618
the development of fluorescent protein tracing vectors for multicolor imaging of clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus.recent advances in fluorescent protein technology provide a wide variety of biological imaging applications; however current tools for bio-imaging in the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus has necessitated further developments for fluorescence intensity and for a multicolor palette of fluorescent proteins. to enhance the expression of multicolor fluorescent proteins in clinical s. aureus strains, we developed new fluorescent protein expression vectors, containing the blaz/sodp promote ...201728588310
myricetin protects galleria mellonella against staphylococcus aureus infection and inhibits multiple virulence factors.staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen related to a variety of life-threatening infections but for which antimicrobial resistance is liming the treatment options. we report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several s. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. myricetin affects both surface proteins and secreted proteins which in ...201728588273
d-cycloserine increases the effectiveness of vancomycin against vancomycin-highly resistant staphylococcus aureus.vancomycin is a widely used clinical drug to treat for infection by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. some patients show a weak response to vancomycin treatment. we previously reported that β-lactams increase the susceptibility to vancomycin by vancomycin-highly resistant s. aureus (vrsa) strains obtained following repeated in vitro mutagenesis and vancomycin selection. here we found that the susceptibility of the vrsa strains to vancomycin was remarkably increased by combined treatme ...201728588223
comparison of the xtt and resazurin assays for quantification of the metabolic activity of staphylococcus aureus biofilm.we assessed whether resazurin was as efficient as xtt in the measurement of the metabolic activity of 209 clinical staphylococcus aureus biofilm using an vitro model comparing the percentage of formazan and resorufin. the overall categorical agreement was 61.2% (r=0.024), which means that resazurin can not substitute xtt.201728587857
optimal teicoplanin dosage regimens for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections in endocarditis patients and renal failure patients.this study aimed to assess whether traditional initial loading and maintenance doses of teicoplanin were appropriate in endocarditis and renal failure patients with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections and to recommend optimal dosage regimens. pharmacokinetic parameters and physicochemical properties of teicoplanin were performed to develop pharmacokinetic models using gastroplus(tm). concentration-time curves of teicoplanin in endocarditis and renal failure patients wit ...201728587526
distribution characteristics of staphylococcus spp. in different phases of periprosthetic joint infection: a review.periprosthetic joint infection (pji) is a devastating condition and staphylococcus spp. are the predominant pathogens responsible, particularly coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and staphylococcus aureus. the aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the distribution characteristics of specific staphylococcus spp. in different pji phases, reveal the effect of pathogens' feature on their distribution and suggest recommendations for antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal pji. the ...201728587320
molecular typing of staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with autosomal dominant hyper ige syndrome.autosomal dominant hyper ige syndrome (ad-hies) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3). this immune disorder is clinically characterized by increased susceptibility to cutaneous and sinopulmonary infections, in particular with candida and staphylococcus aureus. it has recently been recognized that the skin microbiome of patients with ad-hies is altered with an overrepresentation of certain gram-negativ ...201728587312
antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the metabolites isolated from the culture of the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus eurotium chevalieri kufa 0006.five previously undescribed metabolites, including acetylquestinol, two prenylated indole 3-carbaldehyde derivatives, an anthranilic acid derivative and an isochromone derivative, were isolated, in addition to eleven known compounds: palmitic acid, ergosterol 5,8-endoperoxide, emodin, physcion, questin, questinol, (11s, 14r)-cyclo(tryptophylvalyl), preechinulin, neoechinulin e, echinulin and eurocristatine, from the culture of the endophytic fungus eurotium chevalieri kufa 0006. the structures o ...201728586721
[decolonization for staphylococcus aureus carriers in arthroplasty surgery after hip fracture].staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of joint prosthesis infections. the decolonization of the carriers is effective in the prevention of the infections of the elective arthroplasties. the aim of this study is to evaluate if it is also in arthroplasties after hip fracture.201728585795
impact of enzymatic digestion on bacterial community composition in cf airway samples.previous studies have demonstrated the importance of dna extraction methods for molecular detection of staphylococcus, an important bacterial group in cystic fibrosis (cf). we sought to evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion (enzd) prior to dna extraction on bacterial communities identified in sputum and oropharyngeal swab (op) samples from patients with cf.201728584706
a rare case of acute transverse myelitis associated with staphylococcusaureus bacteremia and osteomyelitis.direct intramedullary infections are considered very rare. only few reports of staphylococcus aureus myelitis have been published.201728584662
childhood pyogenic septic arthritis as seen in a teaching hospital south east nigeria.childhood pyogenic septic arthritis and its associated musculoskeletal morbidity is an important health concern in developing countries. its pattern of presentation that varies from and within subregions has implications on the early recognition, treatment, and outcome. the aim of this study was to determine the pattern and outcome of childhood septic arthritis in our environment.201728584508
identification and characterization of a cyclosporin binding cyclophilin from staphylococcus aureus newman.cyclophilins, a class of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) enzymes, are inhibited by cyclosporin a (csa), an immunosuppressive drug. staphylococcus aureus newman, a pathogenic bacterium, carries a gene for encoding a putative cyclophilin (sacyp). sacyp shows significant homology with other cyclophilins at the sequence level. a three-dimensional model structure of sacyp harbors a binding site for csa. to verify whether sacyp possesses both the ppiase activity and the csa binding abilit ...201728584448
effect of comonomer of methacrylic acid on flexural strength and adhesion of staphylococcus aureus to heat polymerized poly (methyl methacrylate) resin: an in vitro study.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare flexural strength and staphylococcus aureus adhesion of heat-activated poly (methyl methacrylate [mma]) resin modified with a comonomer of methacrylic acid (maa) and mma monomer.201728584416
bacteria contamination of touch surfaces in polish hospital wards.the objective of the study has been to evaluate the pathogenic bacteria contamination of touch surfaces in hospital wards.201728584333
transcriptional regulator tetr21 controls the expression of the staphylococcus aureus lmrs efflux pump.tetr21 controls the expression of tet38 and lmrs efflux pumps. a tetr21 mutant, qt21, exhibited a 4-fold increase in the transcription level of lmrsstaphylococcus aureuslmrs overexpressor showed increases of 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in the mics of chloramphenicol and erythromycin, while the mics of lmrs mutant qt18 and lmrs-tetr21 mutant qt1821 remained similar to those of parental strain rn6390. tetr21 does not bind to the promoter of lmrs, suggesting indirect regulation of lmrs.201728584148
influence of is256 on genome variability and formation of small-colony variants in staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus has acquired resistance to nearly all antibiotics used in clinical practice. whereas some resistance mechanisms are conferred by uptake of resistance genes, others evolve by mutation. in this study, is256 has been shown to play a role, e.g., in s. aureus strains displaying intermediate resistance to vancomycin (visa). to characterize the is256 insertion sites in the genomes of two closely related sequence type 247 (st247) visa strains, all insertions were mapped in both vis ...201728584147
multimechanistic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin and clumping factor a: activity and efficacy comparisons of a mab combination and an engineered bispecific antibody approach.secreted alpha-toxin and surface-localized clumping factor a (clfa) are key virulence determinants in staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. we previously demonstrated that prophylaxis with a multimechanistic monoclonal antibody (mab) combination against alpha-toxin (medi4893*) and clfa (11h10) provided greater strain coverage and improved efficacy in an s. aureus lethal bacteremia model. subsequently, 11h10 was found to exhibit reduced affinity and impaired inhibition of fibrinogen bindi ...201728584141
the authors respond. 201728583718
liposomal andrographolide dry powder inhalers for treatment of bacterial pneumonia via anti-inflammatory pathway.andrographolide (ag) is a chemical entity from traditional chinese herbs and its oral pills have been applied to the treatment of respiratory inflammation. here we report pulmonary delivery of liposomal ag dry powder inhalers (ladpis) for treatment of staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia. ag liposomes were prepared with the injection method and then freeze-dried for preparation of ladpis. ag liposomes were small and stable with a mean size of 77.91nm and a zeta potential of -56.13mv. liposome ...201728583330
molecular and epidemiological characterization of staphylococcal foodborne outbreak of staphylococcus aureus harboring seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu genes without production of classical enterotoxins.staphylococcal food poisoning is the result of consumption of food contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses) produced by staphylococcus aureus. to date, 23 ses and se-like enterotoxins (sels) have been described in the literature. they are divided into classical ses (sea-see) and new se/sels (seg-selx). some have proved to be foodborne-inducible, but others remain unidentified. in may 2016, at an elderly group home in osaka city, japan, an outbreak from foodborne pathogens occurred amo ...201728582663
staphylococcus aureus vrax specifically inhibits the classical pathway of complement by binding to c1q.vrax is a protein secreted by staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen. a dramatic over expression of vrax is observed when s. aureus is exposed to several antimicrobial agents; however, its function remains unclear. here, we aimed to reveal the function of this protein and the mechanism by which it affects the immune system to enhance the pathogenesis of the bacterium. our results showed that vrax specifically inhibited the classical pathway of the complement system. in particular, vr ...201728582645
preliminary investigations into developing all-d omiganan for treating mupirocin-resistant mrsa skin infections.staphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen responsible for the majority of human skin infections, and meticillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) currently presents a major clinical concern. the overuse of mupirocin, the first-line topical antibacterial drug over 30 years, has led to the emergence of mupirocin-resistant mrsa, creating a clinical concern. the antimicrobial peptide omiganan was touted to be a promising antibacterial drug candidate due to its rapid membrane-disrupting bactericidal mod ...201728581672
the role of biofilms in persistent infections and factors involved in ica-independent biofilm development and gene regulation in staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus biofilms represent a unique micro-environment that directly contribute to the bacterial fitness within hospital settings. the accumulation of this structure on implanted medical devices has frequently caused the development of persistent and chronic s. aureus-associated infections, which represent an important social and economic burden worldwide. ica-independent biofilms are composed of an assortment of bacterial products and modulated by a multifaceted and overlapping reg ...201728581360
hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in québec: impact of guidelines.objective we examined the impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) guidelines in québec adult hospitals from january 1, 2006, to march 31, 2015, by examining the incidence rate reduction (irr) in healthcare-associated mrsa bloodstream infections (ha-mrsa), using central-line associated bloodstream infections (clabsis) as a comparator. methods in this study, we utilized a quasi-experimental design with poisson segmented regression to model ha-mrsa and clabsi incidence for succ ...201728580894
exposure to visible light emitted from smartphones and tablets increases the proliferation of staphylococcus aureus: can this be linked to acne?due to rapid advances in modern technologies such as telecommunication technology, the world has witnessed an exponential growth in the use of digital handheld devices (e.g. smartphones and tablets). this drastic growth has resulted in increased global concerns about the safety of these devices. smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other digital screens emit high levels of short-wavelength visible light (i.e. blue color region in the visible light spectrum).201728580338
pathogenic characteristics of staphylococcus aureus endovascular infection isolates from different clonal complexes.staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacteremia and, even with appropriate clinical management, causes high morbidity, and mortality due to its involvement in endovascular complications and metastatic infections. through different pathogenic in vivo and in vitro models we investigated the behavior of s. aureus most relevant clonal complexes (ccs) causing endovascular complications. we analyzed 14 s. aureus strains representing cc5, cc8, cc15, cc30, and cc45 that caused endovascular complica ...201728579985
mutations of the transporter proteins glpt and uhpt confer fosfomycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus.with the increasing spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus worldwide, fosfomycin has begun to be used more often, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics, for treating methicillin-resistant s. aureus infections, resulting in the emergence of fosfomycin-resistant strains. fosfomycin resistance is reported to be mediated by fosfomycin-modifying enzymes (fosa, fosb, fosc, and fosx) and mutations of the target enzyme mura or the membrane transporter proteins uhpt and glp ...201728579984
an update on clinical burden, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic options of staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections, food poisoning to highly serious diseases such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. proper diagnosis of pathogen and virulence factors is important for providing timely intervention in the therapy. owing to the invasive nature of infections and the limited treatment options due to rampant spread of antibiotic-resistant strains, the trend for ...201728579798
comparison of the clinical features and outcomes of infective endocarditis between hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients.hemodialysis (hd) patients are more susceptible to infective endocarditis (ie) due to the increased risk of bacterial invasion through intravascular access. however, it remains unclear whether the causative organisms and outcomes of ie in hd patients differ from those in non-hd patients. this study clarified the differences in clinical presentation and outcomes between hd and non-hd patients. at our hospital, we performed a retrospective study of 39 hd and 51 non-hd patients with echocardiograph ...201728579790
two highly divergent lineages of exfoliative toxin b-encoding plasmids revealed in impetigo strains of staphylococcus aureus.exfoliative toxin b (etb) encoded by some large plasmids plays a crucial role in epidermolytic diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus. we have found as yet unknown types of etb gene-positive plasmids isolated from a set of impetigo strains implicated in outbreaks of pemphigus neonatorum in czech maternity hospitals. plasmids from the strains of clonal complex cc121 were related to archetypal plasmid petbty4. sharing a 33-kb core sequence including virulence genes for etb, edin c, and lantibiot ...201728579477
efficacy of intramuscular moxifloxacin in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.fluoroquinolones have been well studied in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis due to their beneficial pharmacokinetic (pk) and pharmacodynamic profiles. the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of intramuscular (im) moxifloxacin administration in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. following an experimental osteomyelitis animal model described previously, three groups of rabbits (a = control; b = im moxifloxacin administr ...201728579454
prevention of icaa regulated poly n-acetyl glucosamine formation in staphylococcus aureus biofilm through new-drug like inhibitors: in silico approach and md simulation study.the effectiveness of various ligands against the protein structure of icaa of the icaabcd gene locus of staphylococcus aureus were examined using the approach of structure based drug designing in reference with the protein's efficiency to form biofilms.201728579399
povidone-iodine-based solutions for decolonization of nasal staphylococcus aureus: a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled study.nasal staphylococcus aureus decolonization reduces the risk of surgical site infections after orthopedic procedures. povidone-iodine (pi)-based solutions have shown promising results in bacteria decolonization. the unique physiology of the nose may pose challenges for the bioactivity profiles of pi solutions. this study compared the antibacterial efficacy of an off-the-shelf pi product with a specifically manufactured pi-based skin and nasal antiseptic (sna).201728578841
direct bacterial loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection on the pathogenic features of the nosocomial pathogen - methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains with respiratory origins.loop-mediated isothermal amplification based detection assays using bacterial culture or colony for direct detection of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus(mrsa) had been developed and evaluated, followed by its extensive application on a large scale of clinical mrsa isolated from respiratory origins, including nasal swabs and sputums. six primers, including outer primers, inner primers and loop primers, were specifically designed for recognizing eight distinct sequences on four targets: ...201728578093
in-vitro activity of several antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates expressing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes: potency of plazomicin alone and in combination with other agents.this study investigated the in-vitro activity of clinically relevant aminoglycosides and new antimicrobial agents-plazomicin, ceftobiprole and dalbavancin-against 55 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates producing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (ames). the checkerboard method was used to assess synergism between plazomicin and four antibiotics (fosfomycin, ceftobiprole, cefoxitin and meropenem), and time-kill assays were performed for the most active combinations. among t ...201728577932
preoperative staphylococcus aureus screening and targeted decolonization in cardiac surgery.we assessed the impact of preoperative staphylococcus aureus screening and targeted decolonization on the incidence of postoperative methicillin-resistant s aureus (mrsa) colonization, intensive care unit mrsa transmission, and surgical site infections in cardiac surgery patients.201728577844
shrimp tab1 interacts with tak1 and p38 and activates the host innate immune response to bacterial infection.mammalian tab1 has been previously identified as transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β)-activated kinase 1 (tak1) binding protein, which functions as the activator of tak1 and p38. this report, for the first time, identified and characterized the homolog of tab1 in shrimp, to be specific, the homolog gene from litopenaeus vannamei, containing a 1560-bp open reading frame (orf) that encoded a putative protein of 519 amino acids with the conserved pp2cc (serine/threonine phosphatases, family 2c, cat ...201728577391
prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in lumbini medical college and teaching hospital, palpa, western nepal.multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus is common in both tertiary and primary health care settings. emergence of methicillin resistance in s. aureus (mrsa) along with macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin b (mlsb) has made treatment of staphylococcal infection more challenging. the main objective of this study was to detect mrsa, mlsb (inducible; mlsbi and constitutive; mlsbc) resistant s. aureus using phenotypic methods and to determine their antibiogram.201728577365
linezolid versus vancomycin in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia in the elderly. 201728576638
epidemiology of infections and antimicrobial use in australian haemodialysis outpatients: findings from a victorian surveillance network, 2008-2015.patients with chronic renal failure who require haemodialysis are at high risk for infections.201728576453
endogenous methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis secondary to axillary phlegmon: a case report. 201728576230
effects of dnase i coating of titanium on bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation.the removal of mature biofilm from the surface of implant has been a formidable challenge in treating implant-associated infection. prevention of biofilm formation rather than removal of existing biofilm is a more effective approach. immobilization of biofilm-dispersing enzymes on material surfaces is regarded as one of the most promising strategies. deoxyribonuclease i (dnase i) can degrade extracellular dna (edna) and then destabilize biofilm. in this study, dnase i was immobilized on a titani ...201728576044
carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite hybrid microspheres with improved antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility.the implant-associated infection remains a serious problem in clinic. a better compromise between the anti-infection property and biocompatibility of bone filling materials is still required. in this work, carboxylated chitosan/silver-hydroxyapatite (cmcs/ag-ha) hybrid microspheres were fabricated via a facile gas diffusion method. cmcs and ag ion were evenly distributed into hybrid microspheres. cmcs regulated the morphological characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid microspheres. as the c ...201728576025
a highly bioactive poly (amido amine)/70s30c bioactive glass hybrid with photoluminescent and antimicrobial properties for bone regeneration.the field of tissue engineering constantly calls for novel biomaterials that possess intrinsically multifunctional properties such as bioactivity, bioimaging ability and antibacterial properties. in this paper, poly (amido amine) generation 5/bioactive glass inorganic-organic hybrids have been developed through direct hybridization by 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (gptms) as coupling agent. results indicated that the degree of covalent coupling by gptms and the weight percent of inorganic an ...201728575949
molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates from children with periorbital or orbital cellulitis.periorbital and orbital cellulitis cause significant pediatric morbidity. here, we define the clinical features of and characterize isolates from children with periorbital or orbital cellulitis caused by staphylococcus aureus at texas children's hospital in houston.201728575438
emergence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections in denmark.livestock-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 (la-mrsa cc398) is causing an increasing number of skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) in denmark and other european countries with industrial pig production. yet, its impact on mrsa bloodstream infections (bsis) has not been well studied.201728575216
molecular epidemiology of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a single large minnesota medical center in 2015 as assessed using mlst, core genome mlst and spa typing.staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia in hospitalized patients. whether or not s. aureus bacteremia (sab) is associated with clonality, implicating potential nosocomial transmission, has not, however, been investigated. herein, we examined the epidemiology of sab using whole genome sequencing (wgs). 152 sab isolates collected over the course of 2015 at a single large minnesota medical center were studied. staphylococcus protein a (spa) typing was performed by pcr/sanger sequenci ...201728575112
the whole price of vancomycin: toxicities, troughs, and time.vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is active against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. nephrotoxicity, which is usually reversible, is the most serious common adverse effect of vancomycin. vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity prolongs hospital stays, imposes a need for additional antibiotics and, in rare circumstances, dialysis treatment, and increases medical costs and mortality. risk factors for nephrotoxicity include the dose and duration ...201728573434
identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) using simultaneous detection of meca, nuc, and femb by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp).the aim of this study was to develop a rapid detection assay to identify methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by simultaneous testing for the meca, nuc, and femb genes using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method. lamp primers were designed using online bio-software ( http://primerexplorer.jp/e/ ), and amplification reactions were performed in an isothermal temperature bath. the products were then examined using 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. meca, nuc, and femb were co ...201728573341
evaluation of antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant activities and phenolic constituents of field-grown and in vitro-grown lysimachia vulgaris l.lysimachia vulgaris l. (yellow loosestrife) is a medicinal plant in the family myrsinaceae. it has been used in the treatment of fever, ulcer, diarrhea and wounds in folk medicine. it has also analgesic, expectorant, astringent and anti-inflammatory activities. two different sources of the plant (field-grown and in vitro-grown) were used to evaluate the biological activities (antibacterial, antitumor and antioxidant) of l. vulgaris. in vitro-grown plant materials were collected from l. vulgaris ...201728573234
the biological activities of moltkia aurea boiss., an endemic species to turkey.staphylococcus aureus is the direct reason of mastitis. mastitis is a disease characterized by pathological changes in mammary glands as well as physical, chemical, bacteriological changes in milk. this disease causes loses in milk yield and quality. in recent years, it is reported that mastitis pathogens have developed a resistance to antibiotics as a natural consequence of widespread use of it. today's researches are focused on discovering and using new antibiotics against bacteria. the aim of ...201728573222
late-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection after facial poly-l-lactic acid injection. 201728573102
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