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community-associated meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in china. 201727998570
evaluation of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase activity in staphylococcus delphini.clinical reference textbooks lack data for pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (pyr) activity in staphylococcus delphini this study evaluated pyr activities of 21 s. delphini strains by reference broth, rapid disc, and rapid slide methods. species and subgroup identifications were confirmed by nucleic acid-based methods and included nine group a and 12 group b strains. testing by rapid pyr methods with products from four manufacturers was performed at two testing locations, and, with the exception of one s ...201728003425
characterization of nasal methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from international human and veterinary surgeons.nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is poorly described for surgeons, despite the increased exposure to nosocomial pathogens and at-risk patients. this study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of 26 mrsa isolates cultured from the nares of an international cross-sectional study of 1166 human and 60 veterinary surgeons.201728005521
state health department requirements for reporting of antibiotic-resistant infections by providers, united states, 2013 and 2015.due to the high burden of antibiotic-resistant infections, several us states mandate public reporting of these infections. to examine the extent to which state departments of health require reporting of antibiotic-resistant infections, we abstracted data from lists of reportable conditions from all 50 states at 2 time points, may 2013 and may 2015. requirements varied substantially by state. in 2015, most states (n = 44) required reporting of at least 1 antibiotic-resistant infection; vancomycin ...201728005484
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in critically ill trauma and burn patients: a retrospective cohort study.the timing and risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) pneumonia in trauma patients are not well characterized. this information is critical for the selection of appropriate empiric antibiotics. the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of mrsa pneumonia in early-onset and late-onset pneumonia and to identify risk factors for mrsa in the trauma-burn intensive care unit (icu).201728004983
simplified aip-ii peptidomimetics are potent inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus agrc quorum sensing receptors.the bacterial pathogen staphylococcus aureus controls many aspects of virulence by using the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing (qs) system. the agr system is activated by a macrocyclic peptide signal known as an autoinducing peptide (aip). we sought to develop structurally simplified mimetics of aips for use as chemical tools to study qs in s. aureus. herein, we report new peptidomimetic agrc receptor inhibitors based on a tail-truncated aip-ii peptide that have almost analogous inhi ...201728006082
semi-quantitative method for staphylococci magnetic detection in raw milk.bovine mastitis is the most costly disease for dairy farmers, hence, control measures to prevent it are crucial for dairy farm sustainability. staphylococcus aureus is considered a major mastitis pathogen because of its impact on milk quality and low cure rates. prevention of s. aureus mastitis includes segregation of infected animals, whilst treatment of such animals should be performed for a longer time to improve cure rates. this makes identification of s. aureus infected quarters and animals ...201728007038
novel antimicrobial peptide-modified azithromycin-loaded liposomes against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), have become a public threat; therefore, development of new antimicrobial drugs or strategies is urgently required. in this study, a new antibacterial peptide dp7-c (chol-suc-vqwrirvavirk-nh2) and dp7-c-modified azithromycin (azt)-loaded liposomes (lps) are developed for the treatment of mrsa infection, and it was found that dp7-c inserted into the lp lipid bilayer not only functioned as ...201728008253
clinical effectiveness of daptomycin loading dose in patients infected with gram-positive pathogens.this study was to evaluate the loading does of daptomycin, a novel lipopeptide antibacterial active against gram-positive pathogens, on clinical efficiency. we divided patients received daptomycin therapy into 2 groups. one of two groups comprised patients received the loading dose of daptomycin on day 1 (group 1) and the other group received normal dosage (4-6 mg/kg/day) (group 2). inflammatory markers were assessed at least 3 days before daptomycin therapy started as their baseline, and 2 week ...201728011350
synergistic antibacterial effect of bi2s3 nanospheres combined with ineffective antibiotic gentamicin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.in this paper, bi2s3 nanospheres with size of 212nm were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process. the selectively enhanced antibacterial effects of bi2s3 nanospheres with three classes of ineffective antibiotics, β-lactam (cefuroxime, cxm; cefotaxime, ctx and piperacillin, pip), quinolone (ciprofloxacin, cip) and aminoglycoside (gentamicin, gen) against clinical isolated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) were investigated for the first time. gen shows significantly synergistic ...201728011210
a meta-analysis of the rates of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s aureus contamination on the surfaces of environmental objects that health care workers frequently touch.health care workers may potentially spread staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s aureus (mrsa) to patients by contaminated high-touch items. we aimed to determine the pooled rates of s aureus and mrsa contamination and influencing factors.201728010909
pathogenic conversion of coagulase-negative staphylococci.humans and animals are colonized by members of the genus staphylococcus, however only some of these species evolved to cause invasive disease. the genetic basis for conversion of commensal staphylococci into pathogens is not known. we hypothesized that staphylococcus aureus genes for coagulation and agglutination in vertebrate blood (coa, vwb and clfa) may support pathogenic conversion. expression of coa and vwb in staphylococcus epidermidis or staphylococcus simulans supported a coagulase-posit ...201728012900
the (95)(δ)g mutation in the 5'untranslated region of the nora gene increases efflux activity in staphylococcus epidermidis isolates.in the staphylococcus aureus atcc25923 strain, the flqb mutation in the 5'untranslated region (5'utr) of the nora gene causes increased nora mrna expression and high efflux activity (hea). the involvement of the nora gene 5'utr in hea has not been explored in s. epidermidis; therefore, we examined the function of this region in s. epidermidis clinical isolates. the selection of isolates with hea was performed based on ethidium bromide (etbr) mic values and efflux efficiency (ef) using the semi-a ...201728017900
determining vancomycin etest mics in patients with mrsa bloodstream infection does not support switching antimicrobials.elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) have been reported to adversely affect clinical outcome in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bloodstream infection (bsi). we therefore examined the association between vancomycin mic and outcome considering various potential confounders.201728017826
protocols for screening antimicrobial peptides that influence virulence gene expression in staphylococcus aureus.compounds that inhibit virulence gene expression in bacterial pathogens have received increasing interest as possible alternatives to the traditional antibiotic treatment of infections. for the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus, we have developed two simple assays based on reporter gene fusions to central virulence genes that are easily applicable for screening various sources of natural and synthetic peptides for anti-virulence effects. the plate assay is qualitative but simultaneously asses ...201728013520
the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with the membrane and intracellular targets of staphylococcus aureus investigated by atp leakage, dna-binding analysis, and the expression of a lexa-controlled gene, reca.the analysis of how antimicrobial peptides (amps) interact with bacterial membranes and intracellular targets is important for our understanding of how these molecules affect bacteria. increased knowledge may aid the design of amps that work on their target bacterium without inducing bacterial resistance. here, we describe different methods to investigate the mode of action of peptides against the gram-positive bacterium staphylococcus aureus. atp leakage analysis can be used to evaluate the abi ...201728013513
invasive systemic infection after hospital treatment for diabetic foot ulcer: risk of occurrence and effect on survival.diabetic foot ulcers (dfus) threaten limbs and prompt hospitalization. after hospitalization, remote-site invasive systemic infection related to dfu (dfu-isi) may occur. the characteristics of dfu-isis and their effect on mortality risk have not been defined.201728013263
preclinical evaluation of photoacoustic imaging as a novel noninvasive approach to detect an orthopaedic implant infection.diagnosing prosthetic joint infection (pji) poses significant challenges, and current modalities are fraught with low sensitivity and/or potential morbidity. photoacoustic imaging (pai) is a novel ultrasound-based modality with potential for diagnosing pji safely and noninvasively.201727941556
synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with a substituted pyrimidine moiety.the alarming growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) has become a major global health hazard. therefore, urgent demand for new antibiotics with a unique mechanism of action is very necessary. the present study reports the design, synthesis, and antibacterial studies of a series of novel pleuromutilin derivatives with substituted 6-amino pyrimidine moieties. most of the tested compounds exhibited ...201727940400
impact of vancomycin mic on treatment outcomes in invasive staphylococcus aureus infections.there are conflicting data on the association of vancomycin mic (van-mic) with treatment outcomes in staphylococcus aureus infections. we investigated the relationship between high van-mic and 30-day mortality and identified the risk factors for mortality in a large cohort of patients with invasive s. aureus (isa) infections, defined as the isolation of s. aureus from a normally sterile site. over a 2-year period, 1,027 adult patients with isa infections were enrolled in 10 hospitals, including ...201727956430
high level methicillin resistance correlates with reduced staphylococcus aureus endothelial cell damage.there has been controversy about the intrinsic virulence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) as compared to methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa). to address this discrepancy, the intrinsic virulence of 42 mrsa and 40 mssa clinical isolates was assessed by testing endothelial cell (ec) damage, a surrogate marker for virulence in blood stream infections. since these clinical isolates represent a heterogeneous group, well characterized s. aureus laboratory strains with sccmec ...201727955998
clinical and pathogenic features of sccmec type ii and iv methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in japan.staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (sccmec) type iv methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has rapidly disseminated in healthcare settings, and its characteristics in the united states and europe are well known. because japanese sccmec type iv mrsa clones are different and less well documented, this retrospective, single center study was done to determine and compare the characteristics of sccmec type ii and iv mrsa in japan. for the analysis, 55 sccmec type ii and 101 type iv m ...201727955954
molecular analysis of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of infections from patients hospitalized in 12 regional, non-teaching hospitals in southern poland.accumulated data indicate that meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections are associated with a worse prognosis than methicillin-susceptible s. aureus infections.201727955932
tet38 efflux pump affects staphylococcus aureus internalization by epithelial cells through interaction with cd36 and contributes to bacterial escape from acidic and nonacidic phagolysosomes.we previously reported that the tet38 efflux pump is involved in internalization of staphylococcus aureus by a549 lung epithelial cells. a lack of tet38 reduced bacterial uptake by a549 cells to 36% of that of the parental strain rn6390. using invasion assays coupled with confocal microscopy imaging, we studied the host cell receptor(s) responsible for bacterial uptake via interaction with tet38. we also assessed the ability of s. aureus to survive following alkalinization of the phagolysosomes ...201727956597
staphylococcus aureus, phagocyte nadph oxidase and chronic granulomatous disease.dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. the most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte nadph oxidase nox2. phagocytes ros generation is fundamental to eliminate pathogens and to regulate the inflammatory response to infection. cgd is characterized by recurrent and severe bacterial and funga ...201727965320
pediatric prostatic abscess caused by methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus.prostatic abscesses are infrequently encountered in adults and are exceedingly rare in the pediatric population. we present the case of an 11-year-old boy with a methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus prostatic abscess and bacteremia.201727977556
protein s-bacillithiolation functions in thiol protection and redox regulation of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gap in staphylococcus aureus under hypochlorite stress.bacillithiol (bsh) is the major low-molecular-weight thiol of the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus. in this study, we used oxicat and voronoi redox treemaps to quantify hypochlorite-sensitive protein thiols in s. aureus usa300 and analyzed the role of bsh in protein s-bacillithiolation.201727967218
hospital-onset bloodstream infection rates after discontinuing active surveillance cultures for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a regional burn center. 201727974052
development of a rapid and sensitive immunosensor for the detection of bacteria.the presence of gram-positive bacteria in foodstuffs is a chronic worldwide problem. here, we present a cheap and simple colorimetric method for the detection of lactobacillus species (spp.) and staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) using gold nanoparticles (aunp) modified with monoclonal anti-gram-positive bacteria to produce an immune-sensor. detection is based on the fact that antibody-conjugated aunps can readily identify gram-positive bacteria through antibody-antigen recognition, which results ...201727979163
wall teichoic acid is an essential component of staphylococcus aureus for the induction of human dendritic cell maturation.staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive pathogen that can cause chronic skin inflammation, pneumonia, and septic shock. the immunomodulatory functions of wall teichoic acid (wta), a glycopolymer abundantly expressed on the gram-positive bacterial cell wall, are poorly understood. here, we investigated the role of wta in the phenotypic and functional activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (dcs) treated with ethanol-killed s. aureus. wta-deficient s. aureus mutant (δtago) exhibited ...201727978487
self-assembled arginine-rich peptides as effective antimicrobial agents.bacteria can adapt to their ever-changing environment to develop a resistance to commonly used antibiotics. this escalating evolution of bacteria coupled with a diminished number of effective antibiotics has caused a global healthcare crisis. new antimicrobials and novel approaches to tackle this problem are urgently needed. antimicrobial peptides are of particular interest in this endeavor due to their broad spectrum antimicrobial properties as well as ability to combat multi-drug resistant bac ...201727977886
differentiation of staphylococcus argenteus (formerly: staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 75) by mass spectrometry from s. aureus using the first strain isolated from a wild african great ape.the species staphylococcus argenteus was separated recently from staphylococcus aureus (tong s.y., f. schaumburg, m.j. ellington, j. corander, b. pichon, f. leendertz, s.d. bentley, j. parkhill, d.c. holt, g. peters, and p.m. giffard, 2015). the objective of this work was to characterise the genome of a non-human s. argenteus strain, which had been isolated from the faeces of a wild-living western lowland gorilla in gabon, and analyse the spectrum of this species in matrix-assisted laser desorpt ...201727931949
molecular characterisation of panton-valentine leucocidin-producing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones isolated from the main hospitals in taif, ksa.panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) is a bicomponent pore-forming cytolytic toxin encoded by the lukf-pv and luks-pv genes. community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) may carry the pvl genes which may be related to increased disease severity. this study aimed to characterise the pvl-producing mrsa recovered from different taif hospitals, saudi arabia.201727934826
a stochastic model for mrsa transmission within a hospital ward incorporating environmental contamination.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) transmission in hospital wards is associated with adverse outcomes for patients and increased costs for hospitals. the transmission process is inherently stochastic and the randomness emphasized by the small population sizes involved. as such, a stochastic model was proposed to describe the mrsa transmission process, taking into account the related contribution and modelling of the associated microbiological environmental contamination. the mode ...201727938427
antimicrobial treatment of clinical mastitis in the eastern united states: the influence of dairy farmers' mastitis management and treatment behavior and attitudes.to assess both the behaviors and social variables related to antimicrobial therapy for clinical mastitis, we sent a survey to 1,700 dairy farms in michigan, pennsylvania, and florida in january and february 2013. the survey included questions related to 7 major areas: sociodemographic and farm characteristics, milking proficiency, milking systems, cow environment, infected cow monitoring and treatment, farm labor, and attitudes toward mastitis and related antimicrobial use. the overall response ...201727939551
(1)h, (13)c and (15)n resonance assignments of the new lysostaphin family endopeptidase catalytic domain from staphylococcus aureus.lysostaphin family endopeptidases, produced by staphylococcus genus, are zinc-dependent enzymes that cleave pentaglycine bridges of cell wall peptidoglycan. they act as autolysins to maintain cell wall metabolism or as toxins and weapons against competing strains. consequently, these enzymes are compelling targets for new drugs as well as are potential antimicrobial agents themselves against staphylococcus pathogens, which depend on cell wall to retain their immunity against antibiotics. the rap ...201727943001
spanish broom (spartium junceum l.) fibers impregnated with vancomycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as new antibacterial wound dressing: preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity.in this work, we propose as new wound dressing, the spanish broom fibers impregnated with vancomycin (vm) loaded chitosan nanoparticles. spanish broom fibers were extracted by patented method dicode and the morphological, physical and mechanical properties were investigated. chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation using different weight ratios between chitosan (ch) and tripolyphosphate (tpp). nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, yield, encapsulation e ...201727931851
effect of antibiotics on biofilm inhibition and induction measured by real-time cell analysis.the purpose of the current work was to study the pattern and dynamics of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis in the presence of 10 antibiotics with different action mechanisms.201727930835
a molecular epidemiological study of methicillin-resistant staphylococci environmental contamination in railway stations and coach stations in guangzhou of china.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has caused a series of public health problems since it was first found in 1961. however, there are few research studies on the mrsa environmental contamination in railway stations and coach stations. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine mrsa environmental contamination in public transport stations. between december 2013 and january 2014, 380 surface samples from three railway stations (180) and four coach stations (200) in guangzhou ...201727930826
the use of routine postoperative microscopy and culture screening following elective hip and knee arthroplasty: an unnecessary cost with no effect on clinical management?the use of microscopy and culture screening to detect pathogenic microorganisms followed by a decolonization protocol is a widely performed practice prior to elective hip and knee arthroplasty. in our center, the routine care of hip and knee arthroplasty also involves postoperative screening including direct culture of the surgical site. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of pathogen detection following these tests and to determine whether routine postoperative screening, with par ...201727923598
combining in vitro protein detection and in vivo antibody detection identifies potential vaccine targets against staphylococcus aureus during osteomyelitis.currently, little is known about the in vivo human immune response against staphylococcus aureus during a biofilm-associated infection, such as osteomyelitis, and how this relates to protein production in biofilms in vitro. therefore, we characterized igg responses in 10 patients with chronic osteomyelitis against 50 proteins of s. aureus, analyzed the presence of these proteins in biofilms of the infecting isolates on polystyrene (ps) and human bone in vitro, and explored the relation between i ...201727629411
the abcs of perineal streptococcal dermatitis.perineal streptococcal dermatitis (psd) is largely known to be caused by group a β-hemolytic streptococcus (gas). we would like to bring cases of non-gas psd to the attention of dermatologists, as there are implications for workup and therapy. we report 3 pediatric cases of psd: 1 caused by gas, 1 caused by group b β-hemolytic streptococcus (gbs), and 1 associated with group c β-hemolytic streptococcus (gcs). gbs and gcs are very rarely reported in pediatric cases of psd. the literature on non-g ...201727628908
high frequency of occupied attb regions in norwegian staphylococcus aureus isolates supports a two-step mrsa screening algorithm.rapid nucleic acid amplification tests for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) diagnostics commonly target the mec resistance gene, genes specific for s. aureus, and the integration site for the sccmec resistance cassette, orfx. due to poor specificity when these target genes are used individually, additional culture is required to verify positive results. the combination of these targets is useful, but the optimal algorithm may depend on the presence of the genetic markers in s. ...201727638009
reduced pro-inflammatory responses to staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and low prevalence of enterotoxin genes in isolates from patients on haemodialysis.patients with end-stage renal failure undergo regular haemodialysis (hd) and often develop episodes of staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (bsi), which can re-occur. however, clinically, patients on hd, with s. aureus bsi, respond well to treatment, rarely developing overt signs of sepsis. we investigated the contributions of bacterial virulence and cytokine responses to the clinical course of s. aureus bsi in hd and non-hd patients. seventy patients were recruited, including 27 (38.6 %) ...201727638007
tlr and nlrp3 inflammasome expression deregulation in macrophages of adult rats subjected to neonatal malnutrition and infected with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.nutritional aggression in critical periods may lead to epigenetic changes that affect gene expression. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of neonatal malnutrition on the expression of toll-like receptor (tlr)-2, tlr-4, and nlrp3 receptors, caspase-1 enzyme, and interleukin (il)-1 β production in macrophages infected with methicillin-resistant (mrsa) and methicillin-sensitive (mssa) staphylococcus aureus.201727637169
incidence and risk factors for failed medical management of spinal epidural abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis.objective spinal epidural abscess (sea) is a life-threatening infection. it is uncertain whether medical versus surgical treatment is the ideal initial approach for neurologically intact patients with sea. recent evidence demonstrates that initial medical management is increasingly common; however, patients who ultimately require surgery after failed medical management may have a worse prognosis than those whose treatment was initially surgical. the primary objective of this study was to establi ...201727636865
infective endocarditis after device closure of atrial septal defects: case report and review of the literature.we report a case of late infective endocarditis in an 8-year-old boy 3 years after transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect with the amplatzer atrial septal occluder device. echocardiography showed a very thick pannus lining the left atrial disc of the prosthesis, with some mobile elements. mri showed several cerebral microemboli. the patient had dental caries and blood cultures found staphylococcus aureus. patient was treated with gentamicin and oxacillin before surgical removal of the ...201727641431
bioprospecting from cultivable bacterial communities of marine sediment and invertebrates from the underexplored ubatuba region of brazil.shrimp fisheries along the brazilian coast have significant environmental impact due to high by-catch rates (21 kg per kilogram of shrimp). typically discarded, by-catch contains many invertebrates that may host a great variety of bacterial genera, some of which may produce bioactive natural products with biotechnological applications. therefore, to utilize by-catch that is usually discarded we explored the biotechnological potential of culturable bacteria of two abundant by-catch invertebrate s ...201727644133
further investigation of inhibitors of mrsa pyruvate kinase: towards the conception of novel antimicrobial agents.several novel series of compounds were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) pyruvate kinase (pk). pk has been identified as a highly interconnected essential 'hub' protein in mrsa, with structural features distinct from the human homologs which makes it a novel antimicrobial target. several mrsa pk inhibitors (including the hydrazide 1) were identified using in silico screening combined with enzyme assays and were found to be selective for ...201727643559
chlorhexidine loaded cyclodextrin containing pmma nanogels as antimicrobial coating and delivery systems.antimicrobial nanogels, aggregates, and films are prepared by complexation of the antiseptic and bacteriostatic agent chlorhexidine (chx) for medical and dental applications. a series of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin methacrylate (cd-ma) containing hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (pmma) based nanogels are loaded quantitatively with chx in aqueous dispersion. the results show that chx is enhancedly complexed by the use of cd-ma domains in the particles structure. β-cd-ma nanogels present the h ...201727647823
sex differences in the risk factors for staphylococcus aureus throat carriage.male gender and adiposity are considered to be risk factors for staphylococcus aureus carriage. we tested whether colonization is related to free testosterone (ft) level and adiposity, measured with body mass index (bmi) and body fat percentage (bfp), in healthy adults.201727671360
antimicrobial peptide exposure selects for staphylococcus aureus resistance to human defence peptides.the clinical development of antimicrobial peptides (amps) is currently under evaluation to combat the rapid increase in mdr bacterial pathogens. however, many amps closely resemble components of the human innate immune system and the ramifications of prolonged bacterial exposure to amps are not fully understood.201727650186
strategies to develop vaccines of pediatric interest.the success of the vaccines available on the market has significantly increased interest in vaccine development. areas covered: the main aim of this paper is to discuss the most important vaccines of pediatric interest that are currently being developed. new pneumococcal vaccines and vaccines against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and respiratory syncytial virus are analyzed in detail. expert commentary: advances in understanding human immunology, including human monoclonal antibod ...201727653455
development and in vitro characterization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres loaded with an antibacterial natural drug for the treatment of long-term bacterial infections.biodegradable polymers, especially poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (plga), have good biocompatibility and toxicological properties. in combination with active ingredients, a specialized drug delivery system can be generated. the aim of the present study was to develop a drug delivery system consisting of plga microspheres loaded with the natural active ingredient totarol, which has several antimicrobial mechanisms. totarol, isolated from the podocarpus totara tree, was purified using column chromatog ...201727660414
antibodies and superantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is associated with local immunoglobulin hyperproduction and the presence of ige antibodies against staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (saes). aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a severe form of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in which nearly all patients express anti-saes.201727658758
point-of-care universal screening for meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: a cluster-randomized cross-over trial.meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is frequently endemic in healthcare settings and may be transmitted by person-to-person spread. asymptomatic mrsa carriers are potential, unsuspected sources for transmission and some of them may be identified by admission screening.201727658666
tetracyclic indolines as a novel class of β-lactam-selective resistance-modifying agent for mrsa.antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have seen a marked increase in recent years, while antibiotic discovery has waned. resistance-modifying agents (rma) offer an intriguing alternative strategy to fight against resistant bacteria. here we report the discovery, antibiotic profiling, and structure-activity relationships of a novel class of rmas, tetracyclic indolines. these selectively potentiate β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) without antibacterial ...201727657810
correction: castanea sativa (european chestnut) leaf extracts rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives block staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136486.].201727657727
does gender affect the outcome of community-acquired staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia? 201727665701
antistaphybase: database of antimicrobial peptides (amps) and essential oils (eos) against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus are major pathogens. the antimicrobial peptides and essential oils (eos) display narrow- or broad-spectrum activity against bacteria including these strains. a centralized resource, such as a database, designed specifically for anti-s. aureus/anti-methicillin-resistant s. aureus antimicrobial peptides and eos is therefore needed to facilitate the comprehensive investigation of their structure/activity associations and combinations. the da ...201727671474
preparation and characterization of photoactive antimicrobial graphitic carbon nitride (g-c3n4) films.photoactive films derived from nanostructured samples of metal-free, intermediate band gap semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (ns-g-c3n4) have been synthesized and characterized for their particle properties and antimicrobial activity. physical characterization reveals that these materials are composed of discrete nanoparticles whose dimensions range from 200 nm to 700 nm. investigation of the photochemical reactivity of ns-g-c3n4 using coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (3-cca) indicates that this ...201727672437
clinical outcomes and treatment approach for community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infections in israel.community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infections are increasingly documented worldwide. we recently identified two major ca-mrsa clones in israel: usa300 and t991. here, we assessed clinical outcomes by ca-mrsa clones and the physicians' treatment approach to ca-mrsa infections. all community-onset, clinical mrsa isolates detected during 2011-2013 by maccabi healthcare services were collected and characterized phenotypically and genotypically; data were colle ...201727677279
staphylococcus aureus colonization at icu admission as a risk factor for developing s. aureus icu pneumonia.to quantify the incidence of intensive care unit (icu)-acquired pneumonia caused by staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and its association with s. aureus colonization at icu admission.201727693658
effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (ampdt) on staphylococcus aureus using phenothiazine compound with red laser.the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the bactericidal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (ampdt) using phenothiazinium dyes (toluidine blue o and methylene blue, 1:1) using different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/ml) associated to red laser with different energy densities (2.4, 4.8, 7.2, 9.6, and 12 j/cm(2)) on a strain of staphylococcus aureus (atcc 23529). on this study, tests were performed in triplicate and the samples were distributed into 36 test grou ...201727677473
perceptions of gown and glove use to prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission in nursing homes.to explore current use and perceptions of glove and gown use in nursing homes.201727687079
vancomycin-associated henoch-schönlein purpura.intravenous vancomycin is a widely used antibiotics, but it causes different types of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from maculopapular rash, red-man syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, iga bullous dermatosis, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, stevens-johnsons syndrome, to ige-mediated anaphylaxis. we report an elderly patient with the end-stage renal disease presented with diffuse palpable purpura while receiving iv vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant ...201727681233
staphylococcus aureus and the oxacillin sensitivity profile in hospitalized people with hiv/aids.analyze nasal colonization by oxacillin-sensitive and oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in people with hiv/aids (pwha) at days 1 and7 of hospitalization.201727680047
structure-activity relationships and optimization of acyclic acylphloroglucinol analogues as novel antimicrobial agents.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) poses a serious threat to global public health, because it exhibits resistance to existing antibiotics and therefore high rates of morbidity and mortality. in this study, twenty-one natural product-based acylphloroglucinol congeners were synthesized, which possessed different side chains. antibacterial screening against mrsa strains revealed that acyl moiety tailoring is a prerequisite for the antibacterial activity. moreover, the lipophilicity, ...201727689731
phosphorylation of staphylococcus aureus protein-tyrosine kinase affects the function of glucokinase and biofilm formation.when staphylococcus aureus is grown in the presence of high concentration of external glucose, this sugar is phosphorylated by glucokinase (glka) to form glucose-6-phosphate. this product subsequently enters into anabolic phase, which favors biofilm formation. the presence of rok (repressor protein, open reading frame, sugar kinase) motif, phosphate-1 and -2 sites, and tyrosine kinase sites in glka of s. aureus indicates that phosphorylation must regulate the glka activity. the aim of the presen ...201727695030
au-ag core-shell nanoparticles for simultaneous bacterial imaging and synergistic antibacterial activity.au@ag nanoparticles (nps) were recently found to display giant two-photon photoluminescence (2ppl) enhancement, with an enhancement factor up to 815 fold upon aggregate formation. based on this finding, two-photon imaging of bacteria by au@ag nps under near-infrared (nir) femtosecond laser pulses was demonstrated in this study, as positively charged au@ag nps can form aggregates on the negatively charged bacterial surface, yielding strong 2ppl emission. the aggregation-enhanced 2ppl of au@ag nps ...201727697618
cefepime loaded o-carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres with sustained bactericidal activity and enhanced biocompatibility.cefepime (cfp) is a frequently used antibiotic for prevention of post-surgery infection. systemic delivery of cfp in a bulk dose usually shows effective therapeutic effects, while cytotoxicity can also be generated. to avoid the drawback of systemic delivery of antibiotic, local and controlled administration of drug is being employed to prolong therapeutic effects and reduce cytotoxicity by sustaining drug release and minimizing drug exposure. in this work, cfp loaded polymer o-carboxymethyl chi ...201727696972
evaluation of staphylococcus aureus dna aptamer by enzyme-linked aptamer assay and isothermal titration calorimetry.to monitor the specificity of staphylococcus aureus aptamer (sa-31) against its target cell, we used enzyme-linked aptamer assay. in the presence of target cell, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin bound to biotin-labeled sa-31 showed specific binding to s  aureus among 3 different bacteria with limit of detection of 10(3) colony-forming unit per milliliter. the apparent ka was 1.39 μm(-1)  ± 0.3 μm(-1) . the binding of sa-31 to membrane proteins extracted from cell surface was charac ...201727696554
opioid and amphetamine dependence is associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa): an epidemiological register study with 73,201 swedish in- and outpatients 1997-2013.while methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is increasing in prevalence globally, sweden is still a low-prevalence country enabling studies on the natural mrsa spread in subpopulations unaffected by a surrounding highly infected population. substance dependence and injection drug use have been risk factors for mrsa carriage and infection in other countries. in this retrospective, longitudinal register study, we investigated mrsa epidemiology 1997-2013 in opioid and amphetamine-depen ...201727701936
three structurally-related impurities in norvancomycin drug substance.norvancomycin (nvcm) is widely used in china to treat bacterial infections of gram-positive cocci and bacilli, especially infections of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis. this study is a chemical investigation of the drug substance of nvcm, and led to the identification, by 1d, 2d nmr spectra and hresims, of three as yet undescribed impurities, one d-o-e ring expanded nvcm analog (1) and two derivatives of nvcm lacking sugars (2, 3).201727703158
early implant-associated osteomyelitis results in a peri-implanted bacterial reservoir.implant-associated osteomyelitis (iao) is a common complication in orthopedic surgery. the aim of this study was to elucidate how deep iao can go into the peri-implanted bone tissue within a week. the study was performed in a porcine model of iao. a small steel implant and either 10(4) cfu/kg body weight of staphylococcus aureus or saline was inserted into the right tibial bone of 12 pigs. the animals were consecutively killed on day 2, 4 and 6 following implantation. bone tissue around the impl ...201727704604
glenohumeral joint sepsis caused by streptococcus mitis: a case report.septic arthritis of the shoulder girdle remains relatively uncommon, with staphylococcus aureus and β-hemolytic streptococci the typical offending organisms in adult patients. rare cases of streptococcus viridans, an oral bacterium with low virulence, have been reported in the setting of septic arthritis, mostly involving the knee joint or the sternoclavicular joint. in this article, we report a case of streptococcus mitis infection of the glenohumeral joint that likely resulted from hematogenou ...201727737290
ifn-γ targets macrophage-mediated immune responses toward staphylococcus aureus.infections, especially with staphylococcus aureus (sa), commonly cause morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), a condition characterized by a defective phagocyte oxidase. ifn-γ reduces the frequency and consequences of infection in cgd by mechanisms that remain unknown. as ifn-γ promotes bacterial killing, efferocytosis of effete polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn), and cytokine production in macrophages-the same macrophage effector functions that are impair ...201727707882
complete adherence to evidence-based quality-of-care indicators for staphylococcus aureus bacteremia resulted in better prognosis.staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (sab) is a serious clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. recent studies have revealed that adherence to evidence-based quality-of-care indicators (qcis) for the management of sab could result in reduced mortality. we aimed to determine whether compliance with qcis was associated with mortality and whether compliance with qcis predicted the mortality of patients with sab.201727709434
rapid diagnostic test and use of antibiotic against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in adult intensive care unit.ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is associated with excess mortality and costs. molecular biology test allows rapid identification of mrsa in sputum with high negative predictive value. we hypothesized that use of a rapid diagnostic test in patients with suspected vap was associated with reduced use of antibiotics directed against mrsa. this retrospective, observational study was conducted in a polyvalent intensive care unit (icu) of ...201727714594
characteristics of cefazolin inoculum effect-positive methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus infection in a multicentre bacteraemia cohort.cefazolin treatment failure has been observed in high-inoculum infections caused by methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) with a cefazolin inoculum effect (cie). however, data on the characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of cie-positive mssa infection are scarce. cie positivity was measured as an mic ≥ 16 μg/ml with a high inoculum (∼5 × 10(7) cfu/ml). the blaz gene type was assessed through sequence analysis. the clinical characteristics and risk factors for the ac ...201727714592
a dual antibacterial mechanism involved in membrane disruption and dna binding of 2r,3r-dihydromyricetin from pine needles of cedrus deodara against staphylococcus aureus.the antibacterial activity and mechanism of 2r,3r-dihydromyricetin (dmy) against staphylococcus aureus were investigated. the minimum inhibitory concentration of dmy against s. aureus was 0.125mg/ml, and the growth inhibitory assay also revealed that dmy showed a potent antibacterial activity against s. aureus. massive nucleotide leakage and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that dmy disrupted the membrane integrity of s. aureus. morphological changes and membrane hyperpolarization of s. aur ...201727719936
antisense locked nucleic acids targeting agra inhibit quorum sensing and pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) is commonly associated with nonnosocomial skin and soft tissue infections due to its virulence, which is mainly controlled by the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing (qs) system. in this study (kff)3 k peptide-conjugated locked nucleic acids (plnas) targeting agra mrna were developed to inhibit agr activity and arrest the pathogenicity of ca-mrsa.201727718524
copper as an antibacterial material in different facilities.the present study was performed in real life settings in different facilities (hospital, kindergarten, retirement home, office building) with copper and copper alloy touch surface products (floor drain lids, toilet flush buttons, door handles, light switches, closet touch surfaces, corridor hand rails, front door handles and toilet support rails) in parallel to reference products. pure copper surfaces supported lower total bacterial counts (16 ± 45 vs 105 ± 430 cfu cm(-2) , n = 214, p < 0·001) a ...201727718259
dynamic interactions between dermal macrophages and staphylococcus aureus.the dermis, a major reservoir of immune cells in immediate vicinity to the colonizing skin microflora, serves as an important site of host-pathogen interactions. macrophages (mϕ) are the most frequent resident immune cell type in the dermis. they protect the host from invasive infections by highly adapted bacteria, such as staphylococci via pattern recognition of bacterial effectors, phagocytosis, and recruitment of other myeloid cells from the blood. already under homeostatic conditions, the de ...201727733573
in vitro activity of ceftaroline: a novel antibiotic against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection, especially pneumonia, surgical site infections, blood stream infections, and continues to be a major cause of community-acquired infections. the emergence of penicillin resistance followed by the development and spread of strains resistant to the semisynthetic penicillins such as methicillin, oxacillin and nafcillin, macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides has made the treatment of staphylococcal infection a global ch ...201727721280
link between nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and infected diabetic foot ulcers.nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus in diabetic patients may be a risk factor for diabetic foot lesion infections. the aims of this study were to compare the genotypic profiles of s. aureus strains isolated from nares and diabetic foot ulcers (dfus) using microarray technology.201727720361
characterization of novel staphylococcus aureus lytic phage and defining their combinatorial virulence using the omnilog® system.skin and soft tissue infections (ssti) caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are difficult to treat. bacteriophage (phage) represent a potential alternate treatment for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. in this study, 7 novel phage with broad lytic activity for s. aureus were isolated and identified. screening of a diverse collection of 170 clinical isolates by efficiency of plating (eop) assays shows that the novel phage are virulent and effectively prevent growt ...201727738555
patterns of antimicrobial resistance in lesions of hidradenitis suppurativa.antibiotic therapy is commonly used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (hs). although concern for antibiotic resistance exists, data examining the association between antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in hs lesions are limited.201727742173
drug concentrations in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients treated with norvancomycin after craniotomy.intracranial infection by gram-positive cocci is commonly found after craniotomy. norvancomycin was independently developed in china, and had demonstrated therapeutic capability against gram-positive infection. this study investigated the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) concentrations in patients that received intravenous injection of norvancomycin after craniotomy. patients with an indwelling catheter in the operational area/ventricle after craniotomy were administered norvancomycin by two ...201727738856
computer keyboard and mouse: an intervention study on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus decontamination in 4 intensive care units. 201727743813
antimicrobial activity of ceftaroline against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates collected in 2013-2014 at the geneva university hospitals.ceftaroline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains. ceftaroline susceptibility of an mrsa set archived between 1994 and 2003 in the geneva university hospitals detected a high percentage (66 %) of ceftaroline resistance in clonotypes st228 and st247 and correlated with mutations in pbp2a. the ceftaroline mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of pbp2a; thus, the identification of pbp2a mutations of recently circulat ...201727744604
enormous pedunculated vegetation originating in the left ventricular apex in a patient with infective endocarditis.a healthy teenage japanese girl was admitted to our hospital after experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. she had attempted to commit suicide by taking 4,950 mg of disopyramide and 12 mg of flunitrazepam. mechanical cardiopulmonary support was started with percutaneous cannulation of the femoral vessels. several days later, a blood culture tested positive for staphylococcus aureus. transthoracic echocardiography showed a large mobile and solid mass attached to the apical part of the left v ...201727746434
identification of transcription factor-gene regulatory network in acute myocardial infarction.acute myocardial infarction (ami) is a common disease with serious mortality and morbidity, worldwide. the present study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (degs) and construct a transcription factor-gene regulatory network to further study the early diagnosis of ami.201727746059
phagocytizing activity of pmn from severe trauma patients in different post-traumatic phases during the 10-days post-injury course.phagocytizing leukocytes (granulocytes and monocytes) play a fundamental role in immunological defense against pathogens and clearance of cellular debris after tissue injury due to trauma. according to the "two-hit hypothesis", phagocytes become primed due to/after trauma. subsequently, a secondary stimulus may lead to their exaggerated response. this immune dysfunction can result in serious infectious complications, also depending on trauma injury pattern. here, we investigated the phagocytizin ...201727745899
reengineering antibiotics to combat bacterial resistance: click chemistry [1,2,3]-triazole vancomycin dimers with potent activity against mrsa and vre.vancomycin has long been considered a drug of last resort. its efficiency in treating multiple drug-resistant bacterial infections, particularly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), has had a profound effect on the treatment of life-threatening infections. however, the emergence of resistance to vancomycin is a cause for significant worldwide concern, prompting the urgent development of new effective treatments for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. harnessing the benefits ...201727747932
multi-body-site microbiome and culture profiling of military trainees suffering from skin and soft tissue infections at fort benning, georgia.skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) are common in the general population, with increased prevalence among military trainees. previous research has revealed numerous nasal microbial signatures that correlate with ssti development and staphylococcus aureus colonization. thus, we hypothesized that the ecology of the inguinal, oropharynx, and perianal regions may also be altered in response to ssti and/or s. aureus colonization. we collected body site samples from 46 military trainees with purul ...201727747300
the spl serine proteases modulate staphylococcus aureus protein production and virulence in a rabbit model of pneumonia.the spl proteases are a group of six serine proteases that are encoded on the νsaβ pathogenicity island and are unique to staphylococcus aureus. despite their interesting biochemistry, their biological substrates and functions in virulence have been difficult to elucidate. we found that an spl operon mutant of the community-associated methicillin-resistant s. aureus usa300 strain lac induced localized lung damage in a rabbit model of pneumonia, characterized by bronchopneumonia observed histolog ...201727747296
capgermacrenes d-g, new sesquiterpenoids from a bornean soft coral, capnella imbricata.four new bicyclogermacrenes, capgermacrenes d (1) e (2) f (3) and g (4) were isolated from a population of bornean soft coral capnella imbricata. the structures of these metabolites were elucidated based on their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry spectral data. these compounds showed bacteriastatic and bacteriacidal activities against staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.201727750446
two new benzoate derivatives and one new phenylacetate derivative from a marine-derived fungus engyodontium album.two new benzoate derivatives, ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-2-propionylbenzoate (1) and ethyl 3,5-dihydroxy-2-propionylbenzoate (2), and one new phenylacetate derivative, ethyl 3,5-dimethoxy-2-propionylphenylacetate (3), together with 9 known compounds, were isolated from the fermentation of engyodontium album derived from deep sea sediment. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, such as nmr, ir and hresims. compound 3 exhibited inhibitory activities against methicillin-resistant st ...201727750436
a shape memory foam composite with enhanced fluid uptake and bactericidal properties as a hemostatic agent.uncontrolled hemorrhage accounts for more than 30% of trauma deaths worldwide. current hemostatic devices focus primarily on time to hemostasis, but prevention of bacterial infection is also critical for improving survival rates. in this study, we sought to improve on current devices used for hemorrhage control by combining the large volume-filling capabilities and rapid clotting of shape memory polymer (smp) foams with the swelling capacity of hydrogels. in addition, a hydrogel composition was ...201727721009
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