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toxic shock syndrome - the seven rs of management and treatment.staphylococcal and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (tss) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. there has been considerable progress in understanding the pathophysiology and delineating optimal management and treatment. this article reviews the management of tss, outlining the 'seven rs of managing and treating tss': recognition, resuscitation, removal of source of infection, rational choice of antibiotics, role of adjunctive treatment (clindamycin and intravenous immunoglob ...201728646955
generalized herd effects and vaccine evaluation: impact of live influenza vaccine on off-target bacterial colonisation.interactions between pathogens and commensal microbes are major contributors to health and disease. infectious diseases however are most often considered independent, viewed within a one-host one-pathogen paradigm and, by extension, the interventions used to treat and prevent them are measured and evaluated within this same paradigm. vaccines, especially live vaccines, by stimulating immune responses or directly interacting with other microbes can alter the environment in which they act, with ef ...201728646948
photodynamic therapy controls of staphylococcus aureus intradermal infection in mice.infections caused by staphylococcus aureus lead to skin infections, as well as soft tissues and bone infections. given the communal resistance to antibiotics developed by strains of this bacterium, photodynamic therapy emerges as a promising alternative treatment to control and cure infections. females of the balb/c mice were infected with 10(8) cfu of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and divided into four distinct groups: p-l- (negative control group), p+l- (group exposed only to curcumin ...201728646389
crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing via postnatal administration of aav vector cures haemophilia b mice.haemophilia b, a congenital haemorrhagic disease caused by mutations in coagulation factor ix gene (f9), is considered an appropriate target for genome editing technology. here, we describe treatment strategies for haemophilia b mice using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr)/cas9 system. administration of adeno-associated virus (aav) 8 vector harbouring staphylococcus aureus cas9 (sacas9) and single guide rna (sgrna) to wild-type adult mice induced a double-stra ...201728646206
structures and dynamics of hibernating ribosomes from staphylococcus aureus mediated by intermolecular interactions of hpf.in bacteria, ribosomal hibernation shuts down translation as a response to stress, through reversible binding of stress-induced proteins to ribosomes. this process typically involves the formation of 100s ribosome dimers. here, we present the structures of hibernating ribosomes from human pathogen staphylococcus aureus containing a long variant of the hibernation-promoting factor (sahpf) that we solved using cryo-electron microscopy. our reconstructions reveal that the n-terminal domain (ntd) of ...201728645916
the first nationwide surveillance of antibacterial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections in dermatology departments in japan.to investigate the trends of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue infections (ssti) at dermatology departments in japan, a japanese surveillance committee conducted the first nationwide survey in 2013. three main organisms were collected from ssti at 30 dermatology departments in medical centers and 10 dermatology clinics. a total of 860 strains - 579 of staphylococcus aureus, 240 of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 41 of streptococcus pyogenes - were col ...201728645883
the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the expression of novel methicillin resistance markers determined using cdna-aflp approach in staphylococcus aureus.widespread methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and absence of effective antimicrobial agents has led to limited therapeutic options for treating mrsa infection. we aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) on the expression of novel identified methicillin resistance markers (nimrms) in s. aureus using complementary dna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cdna-aflp) approaches to address the therapeutic alternatives for mrsa infections.201728645784
the scottish enhanced staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia surveillance programme: the first 18 months of data in children.national enhanced surveillance of staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (sab) commenced on 1(st) october 2014 to gain a more in-depth understanding of the epidemiology of sab in scotland. children under 16 years of age were analysed separately from adults because previous studies had demonstrated epidemiological differences.201728645466
treatment results of corneal collagen cross-linking combined with riboflavin and 440 nm blue light for bacterial corneal ulcer in rabbits.to study the treatment effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (cxl) combined with 440 nm blue light and riboflavin on bacterial corneal ulcer using animal experiments.201728644681
antibacterial effect of a 4x cu-tio₂ coating simulating acute periprosthetic infection-an animal model.the purpose of our study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of a spacer (ti6al4v) coated with 4x cu-tio₂ in an animal model simulating an acute periprosthetic infection by staphylococcus aureus. ti6al4 bolts contaminated with staphylococcus aureus were implanted into the femoral condyle of rabbits (n = 36) divided into 3 groups. after one week in group 1 (control) the bolts were removed without any replacement. in group2 ti6al4v bolts with a 4x cu-tio₂ coating and in group 3 beads of a ...201728644421
genome comparisons of two taiwanese community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st59 clones support the multi-origin theory of ca-mrsa.sequence type (st) 59 is an epidemic lineage of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) in asia. two st59 clones are prevalent in taiwan: the taiwan clone (tw) causes severe infections, whereas the asian-pacific clone (ap) is usually commensal. in this study, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the representative strains of these two clones and found their differences to focus on three mobile genetic elements: tw carries sccmec type vt, panton-valentin ...201728642157
transfer of antibiotic resistance in staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a serious human pathogen with remarkable adaptive powers. antibiotic-resistant clones rapidly emerge mainly by acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes from other s. aureus strains or even from other genera. transfer is mediated by a diverse complement of mobile genetic elements and occurs primarily by conjugation or bacteriophage transduction, with the latter traditionally being perceived as the primary route. recent work on conjugation and transduction suggests that ...201728641931
mrsa infections in norway: a study of the temporal evolution, 2006-2015.norway has one of the lowest prevalences of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections in the world. this study exploits the extensive data on mrsa infections in the norwegian surveillance system to investigate the important factors defining the mrsa epidemiology.201728640901
dominance of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clones in a maternity hospital.methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a major pathogen causing healthcare- and community- acquired infections. the purpose of this study was to characterize mrsa isolated at the maternity hospital between 2006 and 2011 for their genetic relatedness.201728640870
panton-valentine leukocidin producing staphylococcus aureus facial pyomyositis causing partial cavernous sinus thrombosis.we present a case of sub-total cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to panton-valentine leucocidin-associated staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis of the muscles of mastication in a previously healthy child, who was successfully managed with no residual disease. he was found to have a factor v leiden heterozygous mutation. we highlight the propensity of pvl-sa to induce venous thrombosis at any site, but with potential for more severe consequences in the head. we highlight pyomyositis as a differen ...201728640000
agr functionality affects clinical outcomes in patients with persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (mrsab) often persists despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. it is unclear what microbiological factors contribute to poor clinical outcomes in persistent mrsab (pmrsab). we aimed to identify clinical and microbiological risk factors for in-hospital mortality in pmrsab. we analysed mrsab cases prospectively collected between 2009 and 2016 at 11 hospitals in korea, defining cases of pmrsab as mrsab lasting ≥5 days despite administration of ...201728639163
cuff extrusion in peritoneal dialysis: single-centre experience with the cuff-shaving procedure in five patients over a 4-year period.catheter-related infections in peritoneal dialysis (pd) remain a significant complication, and some patients with recurrent exit-site (esi) and/or tunnel infections may experience external cuff extrusion. in these cases, cuff-shaving has been described as a possible course of treatment. during a 4-year period, there were 44 patients with pd at our department; all received double-cuffed tenckhoff catheters. six (13%) never started on pd. five (13%) of the 38 active pd patients experienced cuff ex ...201728638613
predictors of adverse outcomes in children with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a common infection, associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. factors associated with adverse treatment outcomes are poorly understood in the pediatric population.201728638305
septic embolic stroke resulting from staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis.staphylococcus lugdunensis, a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), has been recognized as a causal organism for infective endocarditis since the 1980s. although most cons have an insidious and chronic nature, they are involved in a variety of systemic infections. s lugdunensis infective endocarditis is a rare entity but is as catastrophic as staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis and requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and, typically, valve replacement. s lugdunensis i ...201728638293
inflammation-induced osteogenesis in a rabbit tibia model.pathologic conditions associated with bone formation can serve as models to identify bone-promoting mediators. the inflammatory response to bacterial infections generally leads to osteolysis and impaired bone healing, but paradoxically, it can also have pro-osteogenic effects. as a potential model to investigate pro-osteogenic stimuli, this study characterizes the bone formation in an established rabbit tibia model of periprosthetic infection. our hypothesis was that the infection with staphyloc ...201728637383
prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in switzerland.the presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in pig farms has been widely reported, and the emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) has been documented in several countries. however, data for switzerland are very scarce. this study aimed to compare changes in the prevalence of mrsa in swiss pig farms between 2008 and 2015 and make the first ever estimates of the presence of esbl-e and carbapenemase producers in pigs and pig farm work ...201728636975
semisynthetic flavone-derived antimicrobials with therapeutic potential against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa).a new series of semisynthetic flavone-based small molecules mimicking antimicrobial peptides has been designed from natural icaritin to combat drug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. compound 6 containing two arginine residues exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including mrsa, and very low toxicity to mammalian cells, resulting in a high selectivity of more than 511, comparable to that of several membrane-active antibiotics in clinical trials. o ...201728636355
virulence genes of s. aureus from dairy cow mastitis and contagiousness risk.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is a major agent of dairy cow intramammary infections: the different prevalences of mastitis reported might be related to a combination of s. aureus virulence factors beyond host factors. the present study considered 169 isolates from different italian dairy herds that were classified into four groups based on the prevalence of s. aureus infection at the first testing: low prevalence (lp), medium-low (mlp), medium-high (mhp) and high (hp). we aimed to correlate ...201728635647
effectiveness and safety of daptomycin in patients with infective endocarditis undergoing heart valve replacement: a subgroup analysis from real-world data.european cubicin(®) outcomes registry and experience (eu-core) was a retrospective, non-interventional, multicenter registry that collected real-world clinical outcomes following daptomycin use for the treatment of gram-positive infections. eu-core data from patients with infective endocarditis (ie) who underwent heart valve replacement were analysed.201728634535
alternative evolutionary pathways for drug-resistant small colony variant mutants in staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is known to generate small colony variants (scvs) that are resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics and can cause persistent and recurrent infections. the scv phenotype is unstable, and compensatory mutations lead to restored growth, usually with loss of resistance. however, the evolution of improved growth, by mechanisms that avoid loss of antibiotic resistance, is very poorly understood. by selection with serial passaging, we isolated and characterized different classes of ...201728634236
immunotherapy targeting adenosine synthase a decreases severity of staphylococcus aureus infection in mouse model.staphylococcusaureus is a severe pathogen found in the community and in hospitals. most notably, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) is resistant to almost all antibiotics, which is a growing public health concern. the emergence of drug-resistant strains has prompted the search for alternative treatments such as immunotherapeutic approaches. previous research showed that s. aureus exploit the immunomodulatory attributes of adenosine to escape host immunity. in this study, we investigated aden ...201728633319
value of surgery for infective endocarditis in dialysis patients.to determine the value of surgery for infective endocarditis (ie) in patients on hemodialysis by comparing the nature and invasiveness of endocarditis in hemodialysis and nonhemodialysis patients and their hospital and long-term outcomes, and identifying risk factors for time-related mortality after surgery.201728633210
disinfection efficiencies of sage and spearmint essential oils against planktonic and biofilm staphylococcus aureus cells in comparison with sodium hypochlorite.staphylococcus aureus causes human infections and foodborne intoxications. this study explored the potential antibacterial actions of sage and spearmint essential oils (eos) against both its planktonic and biofilm cells, in comparison with sodium hypochlorite (naocl), a commonly applied chemical sanitizer. initially, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mics, mbcs) of each plant mixture were determined against planktonic cultures, following growth at 30°c for 24h. stationary p ...201728633052
emerging biomarkers of illness severity: urinary metabolites associated with sepsis and necrotizing methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.our objective was to illustrate the potential of metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers of illness severity in a child with fatal necrotizing pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). we present a case report with two control groups and a metabolomics analysis: an infant with fatal mrsa pneumonia, four children with influenza pneumonia (pneumonia control group), and seven healthy children with no known infections (healthy control group). urine samples were collec ...201728632946
[pyogenic liver abscess in children: clinical experience in a pediatric reference center].liver abscess is a serious and an uncommon pediatric disease.201728632826
infection of ventricular assist device detected and monitored by 18f-fdg pet/ct.we report a case of a 59-year-old man who presented with fever, sepsis, and left cervicothoracic cutaneous inflammation 13 months after implantation of jarvik 2000 device. device infection was suspected and f-fdg pet/ct showed an intense and homogeneous uptake along driveline cable. bacteriological local sample showed staphylococcus aureus. after adapted antibiotherapy, control f-fdg pet/ct displays treatment efficacy with no residual uptake in driveline. f-fdg pet/ct could be an important tool ...201728632696
what is behind the epidemiological difference between community-acquired and health-care associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus? 201728632426
into the storm: chasing the opportunistic pathogen staphylococcus aureus from skin colonisation to life-threatening infections.colonisation of the human skin by staphylococcus aureus is a precursor for a variety of infections ranging from boils to sepsis and pneumonia. the rapid emergence of methicillin-resistant s. aureus following the clinical introduction of this antimicrobial drug and reports of resistance to all currently used anti-staphylococcal drugs has added to its formidable reputation. s. aureus survival on the skin and in vivo virulence is underpinned by a remarkable environmental adaptability, made possible ...201728631399
the mobile dso-gene-sso element in rolling-circle plasmids of staphylococci reflects the evolutionary history of its resistance gene.the qacc and lnua genes of staphylococcus species were recently proposed to comprise a mobile element when residing on rolling-circle plasmids. here we present other examples of resistance genes on staphylococcal rolling-circle plasmids, including fosb producing resistance to fosfomycin, cat resulting in resistance to chloramphenicol and cadb for resistance to the toxic heavy metal cadmium. for three of these genes (qacc, lnua and fosb), evidence was obtained that the genes have spread between d ...201728631335
looking to nature for a new concept in antimicrobial treatments: isoflavonoids from cytisus striatus as antibiotic adjuvants against mrsa.the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), has shortened the useful life of anti-staphylococcal drugs enormously. two approaches can be followed to address this problem: screening various sources for new leads for antibiotics or finding ways to disable the resistance mechanisms to existing antibiotics. plants are resistant to most microorganisms, but despite extensive efforts to identify metabolites that are responsible for ...201728630440
antimicrobial susceptibility trends among staphylococcus aureus isolates from u.s. hospitals: results from 7 years of the ceftaroline (aware) surveillance program, 2010 to 2016.we evaluated trends in staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial susceptibility in u.s. hospitals in the 2010-2016 period. a total of 21,056 clinical isolates from 42 medical centers were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution methods. methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) rates decreased from 50.0% (in 2010) to 42.2% (in 2016). susceptibility to erythromycin, levofloxacin, and clindamycin increased slightly, whereas susceptibility to ceftaroline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracyc ...201728630196
topical antimicrobial treatments can elicit shifts to resident skin bacterial communities and reduce colonization by staphylococcus aureus competitors.the skin microbiome is a complex ecosystem with important implications for cutaneous health and disease. topical antibiotics and antiseptics are often employed to preserve the balance of this population and inhibit colonization by more pathogenic bacteria. however, despite their widespread use, the impact of these interventions on broader microbial communities remains poorly understood. here, we report the longitudinal effects of topical antibiotics and antiseptics on skin bacterial communities ...201728630195
β-lactam antibiotics with a high affinity for pbp2 act synergistically with the ftsz-targeting agent txa707 against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that poses a significant risk to global health today. we have developed a promising new ftsz-targeting agent (txa707) with potent activity against mrsa isolates resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. we present here results that demonstrate differing extents of synergy between txa707 and a broad range of β-lactam antibiotics (including six cephalosporins, two penicillins, and two carbapenems) against ...201728630190
in vitro activity of delafloxacin and microbiological response against fluoroquinolone-susceptible and nonsusceptible staphylococcus aureus isolates from two phase 3 studies of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.delafloxacin is an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum in vitro activity, including activity against gram-positive organisms, gram-negative organisms, atypical organisms, and anaerobes. the in vitro activity of delafloxacin and the percent microbiological response in subjects infected with fluoroquinolone-susceptible and nonsusceptible staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined from two global phase 3 studies of delafloxacin versus vancomycin plus aztreonam ...201728630189
antibiotic resistance as a stress response: recovery of high-level oxacillin resistance in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus "auxiliary" (fem) mutants by induction of the stringent stress response.studies with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strain col have shown that the optimal resistance phenotype requires not only meca but also a large number of "auxiliary genes" identified by tn551 mutagenesis. the majority of auxiliary mutants showed greatly increased levels of oxacillin resistance when grown in the presence of sub-mics of mupirocin, suggesting that the mechanism of reduced resistance in the auxiliary mutants involved the interruption of a stringent stress respons ...201728630179
nasal colonization of staphylococcus aureus colonal complex 5: prevalence, influencing factors, and phenotypic and molecular characteristics in pregnant chinese women.colonal complex 5 (cc5) has been referred to as the most pandemic community-associated staphylococcus aureus in most asian countries. however, few studies have focused on cc5 isolates in pregnant women. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and phenotypic and molecular characteristics of s aureus and methicillin-resistant s aureus (mrsa) cc5 nasal colonization in pregnant chinese women.201728629756
active identification of patients who are methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonized is not associated with longer duration of vancomycin therapy.excessive prescribing of vancomycin among patients admitted to inpatient wards is a challenge for antimicrobial stewardship programs, especially in the setting of expanded screening programs for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). studies examining factors associated with longer duration of vancomycin use are limited.201728629753
a new antibiotic produced by the cyanobacterium-symbiotic fungus simplicillium lanosoniveum.the culture broth of the cyanobacterium-symbiotic fungus simplicillium lanosoniveum var. tianjinienss q. l. dong exhibited unanticipated antibacterial activities against the gram-positive bacteria, particularly the pathogenic bacterium staphylococcus aureus, indicating the secretion of antibiotic-like metabolite, for which the modified sabouraud medium was the suitable medium. the antibiotic-like metabolite was separated with macroporous resins ct-12 (absorption) and 95% ethanol (desorption), pu ...201728629233
unsuccessful treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus endocarditis with dalbavancin.limited evidence describes dalbavancin use in infective endocarditis (ie).201728628223
multidrug-resistant bacteria and travel.antimicrobial resistance is a global problem which affects also tropical countries. travelers to these regions expose themselves to the risk of being colonised and infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria. the region visited, the occurrence of diarrhoea and the use of antibiotics are the principal risk factors leading to colonisation with multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae, which can affect up to 80% of travellers. colonisation with meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin ...201728627852
corneal ring infiltrate secondary to staphylococcus aureus-induced endogenous endophthalmitis: a case report. 201728627769
the effects of selected phytochemicals on biofilm formed by five methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 0.1% thyme oil (to), trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), ferulic acid (fa), p-coumaric acid (p-ca), caffeic acid (ca), lavender essential oil (lo), geranium essential oil (go) and tee tree oil (tto) to control biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains. depending on the strains, to reduced 59.7-85% of biofilm mass, while tc 52.9-82.4% after 48 h of treatment. reduction of metabolic activity of biofilms in ranges 79.3- ...201728627304
oral ofloxacin and clindamycin as an alternative to the classic rifampicin/clindamycin in hidradenitis suppurativa: retrospective analysis of 65 patients.rifampicin/clindamycin (rc) combination is recommended as first line therapy in moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa (hs) by european s1 guidelines (1-3), notably because a large variety of microorganisms have been isolated from hs lesions: most represented bacteria appear to be staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci (cons) and anaerobic bacteria from normal skin flora. it has been hypothesized that these bacteria could play a central role in the initiation and maybe in t ...201728626900
simplified protocol of gel-based multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) for staphylococcus aureus typing. 201728626740
enterococcus spp. and s. aureus colonization in neutropenic febrile children with cancer.febrile neutropenia is one of the most serious treatment-related complications in cancer patients. susceptible to rapidly progressing infections, which result in prolonged hospitalization and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, neutropenic patients are subject to colonization by multiresistant agents, which enhances the risk of infections.201728626736
septic thrombophlebitis with persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and de novo resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin.persistent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) bacteremia is associated with significant risk of mortality, especially when it occurs while on appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we herein describe an unusual case of a patient with prosthetic aortic tissue valve, who suffered from central venous catheter related mrsa bacteremia with septic thrombus formation in the superior vena cava. mrsa bacteremia persisted despite removal of the catheter and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in ...201728626538
bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy, alone or in combination with mupirocin or linezolid, on staphylococcus aureus.antibiotic treatments frequently fail due to the development of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for new treatment strategies. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) could constitute an alternative therapy. in bacterial suspensions of staphylococcus aureus, which is commonly implicated in cutaneous and mucosal infections, we evaluated the in vitro efficacy of apdt, using the photosensitizing agents rose bengal (rb) or methylene blue (mb), alone or combined with the antibiotics mup ...201728626456
a facile semi-synthetic approach towards halogen-substituted aminobenzoic acid analogues of platensimycin.platensimycin (ptm), produced by several strains of streptomyces platensis, is a promising drug lead for infectious diseases and diabetes. the recent pilot-scale production of ptm from s. platensis sb12026 has set the stage for the facile semi-synthesis of a focused library of ptm analogues. in this study, gram-quantity of platensic acid (ptma) was prepared by the sulfuric acid-catalyzed ethanolysis of ptm, followed by a mild hydrolysis in aqueous lithium hydroxide. three ptma esters were also o ...201728626267
evaluating the ototoxicity of a anti-mrsa peptide kr-12-a2.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an emerging problem for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media, and also for pediatric tympanostomy tube otorrhea. to date, there are no effective topical antibiotic drugs to treat mrsa otorrhea.201728625810
antibacterial neolignans from the leaves of melaleuca bracteata.phytochemical study on the leaves of melaleuca bracteata resulted in the isolation of ten compounds including three new neolignans, named melaleucins a-c (1-3). among them, melaleucin b shares a rarely occurring nor-neolignan skeleton, and both melaleucins b and c bear a novel aldehyde moiety, which might also be response for the delicate fragrance of m. bracteata. their structures were extensively assigned by spectral data interpretation and biomimetic total synthesis. moreover, their biosynthe ...201728625731
impact of gram stain results on initial treatment selection in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of two treatment algorithms.ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a common and serious problem in intensive care units (icus). several studies have suggested that the gram stain of endotracheal aspirates is a useful method for accurately diagnosing vap. however, the usefulness of the gram stain in predicting which microorganisms cause vap has not been established. the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a gram stain of endotracheal aspirates could be used to determine appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy ...201728625166
human mast cells present antigen to autologous cd4(+) t cells.mast cells (mcs), the primary effector cell of the atopic response, participate in immune defense at host/environment interfaces, yet the mechanisms by which they interact with cd4(+) t cells has been controversial.201728624612
coagulase-negative staphylococci species affect biofilm formation of other coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci.coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) are considered to be commensal bacteria in humans and animals, but are now also recognized as etiological agents in several infections, including bovine mastitis. biofilm formation appears to be an important factor in cns pathogenicity. furthermore, some researchers have proposed that cns colonization of the intramammary environment has a protective effect against other pathogens. the mechanisms behind the protective effect of cns have yet to be characteriz ...201728624271
peripheral venous catheter-related bloodstream infection is associated with severe complications and potential death: a retrospective observational study.the purpose of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of peripheral vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections (pvc-bsis) and determine the risk of severe complications or death.201728623882
[staphylococcus aureus epidural abscess following epidural catheter placement in a patient suffering from psoriasis]. 201728623076
antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping of staphylococcus aureus isolates collected between 1986 and 2015 from ovine mastitis.in this research, 330 staphylococcus aureus isolates, collected in sardinia (italy) in the period 1986-2015 from clinical ovine mastitis and used for the preparation of inactivated autogenous vaccines, were analyzed. susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, according to clsi recommendations. resistance genes were detected by pcr assays. the most of isolates (85.2%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, suggesting that did not exist change of resistance ove ...201728622861
rifampin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a patient on chronic rifaximin. 201728622735
selective laser melting porous metallic implants with immobilized silver nanoparticles kill and prevent biofilm formation by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.implant-associated infection and limited longevity are two major challenges that orthopedic devices need to simultaneously address. additively manufactured porous implants have recently shown tremendous promise in improving bone regeneration and osseointegration, but, as any conventional implant, are threatened by infection. in this study, we therefore used rational design and additive manufacturing in the form of selective laser melting (slm) to fabricate porous titanium implants with interconn ...201728622569
structural flexibility of an inhibitor overcomes drug resistance mutations in staphylococcus aureus ftsz.in the effort to combat antibiotic resistance, inhibitors of the essential bacterial protein ftsz have emerged as a promising new class of compounds with clinical potential. one such ftsz inhibitor (txa707) is associated with potent activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) that are resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. however, mutations in s. aureus ftsz (saftsz) that confer resistance to txa707 have been observed, with mutations in t ...201728621933
an arod ochre mutation results in a staphylococcus aureus small colony variant that can undergo phenotypic switching via two alternative mechanisms.staphylococcus aureus can undergo phenotypic switching between a normal colony phenotype (ncp) and a small colony variant (scv). the scv phenotype confers increased antibiotic resistance and the capacity to persist within human tissues and cells, and because these cells can revert back to the ncp they cause chronic and/or recurrent infections that are very difficult to treat. a complete picture of the genetic events that can lead to phenotypic switching in s. aureus is currently lacking. we desc ...201728620368
incidence and antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of normal conjunctiva bacterial flora in the central area of china: a hospital-based study.objective: to study the distribution and patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents of normal conjunctival bacteria. materials and methods: conjunctival specimens were collected from 8,224 patients and then cultured, which underwent antimicrobial susceptibility test following standard methods. patients with infectious symptoms such as erythema or oedema and those using systemic or topical antibiotics within 1 month were excluded. results: in this study, the incidence of isolated bacteria was ...201728620316
scissor sisters: regulation of adam10 by the tspanc8 tetraspanins.a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (adam10) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein which is essential for embryonic development through activation of notch proteins. adam10 regulates over 40 other transmembrane proteins and acts as a 'molecular scissor' by removing their extracellular regions. adam10 is also a receptor for α-toxin, a major virulence factor of staphylococcus aureus owing to the importance of its substrates, adam10 is a potential therapeutic target for cancer, neurode ...201728620033
effects of vitamin d and its metabolites on cell viability and staphylococcus aureus invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cells.vitamin d has been found have various biological effects that may be potent in preventing bovine mastitis. two forms of vitamin d, vitamin d2 (d2) and vitamin d3 (d3), can be hydroxylated to functional metabolites in cattle. the objectives of the present study were to investigate the potential of vitamin d compounds for controlling bovine mastitis using in vitro cell models, and to compare the differences between d2 and d3 compounds. results showed that d2 compounds have comparable effects to th ...201728619151
amphiphilic cargo-loaded nanocarrier enhances antibiotic uptake and perturbs efflux: effective synergy for mitigation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.a pyridinium-amphiphile-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) nanocarrier (c1-pnc) was developed as an adjuvant in order to break the resistance and restore the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) cells to therapeutic antibiotics. notably, against a clinical mrsa strain, c1-pnc was found to render 8- and 6-fold decreases in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec90 ) of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. mechanistic studies on mrsa plan ...201728618136
kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of acetyl-coa activation of staphylococcus aureus pyruvate carboxylase.allosteric regulation of pyruvate carboxylase (pc) activity is pivotal to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. in contrast, dysregulated pc activity contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, rendering pc a possible target for allosteric therapeutic development. recent research efforts have focused on demarcating the role of acetyl-coa, one of the most potent activators of pc, in coordinating catalytic events within the multifunctional enzyme. herein, we report a kinetic and thermodynam ...201728617592
high prevalence of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from a university environment in thailand.the present study was conducted to isolate and characterize the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the general university environment, where all five locations; the library, restrooms, canteens, computer rooms and outdoor surfaces, are in common use by a large population of students. we used mannitol salt agar (msa) supplemented with 4 μg/ml of oxacillin to screen the methicillin-resistant staphylococci. the species level was identified by pcr of rdr (staphyloco ...201728617524
synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel heterocyclic pleuromutilin derivatives.a series of pleuromutilin derivatives were synthesized by two synthetic procedures under mild reaction conditions and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), infrared spectroscopy (ir), and high resolution mass spectrometer (hrms). most of the derivatives with heterocyclic groups at the c-14 side of pleuromutilin exhibited excellent in vitro antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201728617344
are contact precautions ethically justifiable in contemporary hospital care?hospital infection control practices known as contact precautions are recommended for the management of people with pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus or vancomycin-resistant enterococci.201728617193
the effect of emodin on staphylococcus aureus strains in planktonic form and biofilm formation in vitro.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is a gram-positive pathogen and forms biofilm easily. bacteria inside biofilms display an increased resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. the objective of the current study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of emodin, 1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone, an anthraquinone derivative isolated from polygonum cuspidatum and rheum palmatum, against s. aureus cmcc26003 grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures in vitro. in addition, a possible synerg ...201728616631
comparison of subsequent infection in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers between st72 community-genotype and hospital genotypes: a retrospective cohort study.carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an important risk factor of subsequent infection. the purpose of our study was to compare the rates of subsequent infection among newly-admitted patients carrying mrsa between community-genotype and hospital-genotypes.201728616204
early recognition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections using risk and protective factors identified by a group of italian surgeons through delphi method.surgical site infections (ssis) constitute a major clinical problem in terms of morbidity, mortality, duration of hospital stay, and overall costs. the bacterial pathogens implicated most frequently are streptococcus pyogenes (s. pyogenes) and staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). the incidence of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) ssis is increasing significantly. since these infections have a significant impact on hospital budgets and patients' health, their diagnosis must be anticipated and ...201728616060
evaluation of the bd max staphsr assay for detecting methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) in eswab-collected wound samples. 201728615467
[staphylococcus aureus promotes nod2 expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells].objective to investigate the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (nod2) in the mediate recognition of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bmecs). methods we infected bmecs with living s. aureus and heat-inactivated s. aureus, respectively. when the multiplicity of infection (moi) of living s. aureus was set for 100:1, the infection time were 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 hours; when the moi of living s. aureus was set for 10:1 ...201728615095
nasal swab screening for staphylococcus aureus in spinal deformity patients treated with growing rods.surgical-site infections are one of the most concerning complications in patients treated with growing rods (gr). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of preoperative screening for staphylococcus aureus (sa) for all growing spine procedures, and if this would permit alteration of prophylactic antibiotics to cover the identified resistances.201728614287
enhancement of photodynamic inactivation of staphylococcus aureus biofilms by disruptive strategies.photodynamic inactivation (pdi) has been used to inactivate microorganisms through the use of photosensitizers and visible light. on the one hand, near-infrared treatment (nirt) has also bactericidal and dispersal effects on biofilms. in addition, dispersal biological tools such as enzymes have also been employed in antibiotic combination treatments. the aim of this work was to use alternative approaches to increase the pdi efficacy, employing combination therapies aimed at the partial disruptio ...201728612299
the saers two-component system controls survival of staphylococcus aureus in human blood through regulation of coagulase.the saers two-component system plays important roles in regulation of key virulence factors and pathogenicity. in this study, however, we found that the deletion mutation of saers enhanced bacterial survival in human blood, whereas complementation of the mutant with saers returned survival to wild-type levels. moreover, these phenomena were observed in different mrsa genetic background isolates, including ha-mrsa wcuh29, ca-mrsa 923, and mw2. to elucidate which gene(s) regulated by saers contrib ...201728611950
successful treatment of chronic staphylococcus aureus-related dermatoses with the topical endolysin staphefekt sa.100: a report of 3 cases.staphylococcus aureus plays an important role in skin and soft tissue infections and contributes to the pathophysiology of complex skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis. bacterial resistance against commonly used antibiotics has increased considerably in the last decades demanding alternative treatment approaches. we present 3 cases where patients with chronic and recurrent s. aureus-related dermatoses were successfully treated with staphefekt sa.100. staphefekt sa.100 is a recombinant phage ...201728611631
identification of gxxxxg motif in chrysophsin-1 and its implication in the design of analogs with cell-selective antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin activities.marine fish antimicrobial peptide, chrysophsin-1 possesses versatile biological activities but its non-selective nature restricts its therapeutic possibilities. often small alterations in structural motifs result in significant changes in the properties of concerned proteins/peptides. we have identified gxxxxg motif in chrysophsin-1. glycine residue(s) of this motif in chrysophsin-1 was/were replaced with alanine, valine and proline residue(s). of these, proline-substituted chrysophsin-1 analogs ...201728611397
early detection of subclinical aortic valve endocarditis with the cardiomems heart failure system.background the cardiomems heart failure system is a well validated tool to optimize management of systolic and diastolic heart failure and has been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization by 37%. we are reporting a unique case of acute aortic valve insufficiency as a first sign of endocarditis, detected early in a patient with the cardiomems device. case report a 79-year-old man with dual bioprosthetic mitral and aortic valve replacement and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy had a cardiomems heart ...201728611348
prevalence and molecular characteristics of staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin resistant strains, isolated from bulk can milk and raw milk products in pastoral communities of south-west uganda.staphylococcus aureus strains are now regarded as zoonotic agents. in pastoral settings where human-animal interaction is intimate, multi-drug resistant microorganisms have become an emerging zoonotic issue of public health concern. the study of s. aureus prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and clonal lineages in humans, animals and food in african settings has great relevance, taking into consideration the high diversity of ethnicities, cultures and food habits that determine the lifestyle of ...201728610560
on the challenges of detecting whole staphylococcus aureus cells with biosensors.due to the increasing number of nosocomial infections and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, staphylococcus aureus is now a major worldwide concern. rapid detection and characterization of this bacterium has become an important issue for biomedical applications. biosensors are increasingly appearing as low-cost, easy-to-operate and fast alternatives for rapid detection. in this review, we will introduce the main characteristics of s. aureus and will focus on the interest of biosensors for a ...201728609570
emergence of community-genotype methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in korean hospitals: clinical characteristics of nosocomial infections by community-genotype strain.as community-genotype methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains spread into hospitals, the genotypes of the mrsa strains causing hospital-acquired (ha) infections have become more diverse. we describe clinical characteristics of nosocomial mrsa infections by a community-genotype of sequence type (st) 72.201728608660
primary sternal osteomyelitis caused by staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent adult.primary sternal osteomyelitis (pso) is a rare condition that may develop without any contiguous focus of infection. due to the rarity of the disease, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are often delayed. herein, we describe a patient with pso caused by staphylococcus aureus that presented with chest pain and fever. the patient had no predisposing factors for sternal osteomyelitis. the chest pain was thought to be non-cardiogenic, as electrocardiography and cardiac enzyme did not reveal is ...201728608656
corrigendum: cross-talk between staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species via the agr quorum sensing system.[this corrects the article on p. 1733 in vol. 7, pmid: 27877157.].201728607550
mouse model of hematogenous implant-related staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection reveals therapeutic targets.infection is a major complication of implantable medical devices, which provide a scaffold for biofilm formation, thereby reducing susceptibility to antibiotics and complicating treatment. hematogenous implant-related infections following bacteremia are particularly problematic because they can occur at any time in a previously stable implant. herein, we developed a model of hematogenous infection in which an orthopedic titanium implant was surgically placed in the legs of mice followed 3 wk lat ...201728607050
np108, an antimicrobial polymer with activity against methicillin- and mupirocin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a clinically significant human pathogen that causes infectious diseases ranging from skin and soft tissue infections (ssti) and health care-associated infections (hai) to potentially fatal bacteremia and endocarditis. nasal carriage of s. aureus, especially for persistent carriage, is associated with an increased risk of subsequent infection, particularly nosocomial and surgical site infections (ssi), usually via autoinfection. np108 is a cationic antimicrobial polymer c ...201728607014
estimate of the economic impact of mastitis: a case study in a holstein dairy herd under tropical conditions.the aim of this study was to estimate the economic impact of mastitis at the herd level and the weight (percent) of the components of this impact in a holstein dairy herd under tropical conditions. three estimates of the economic impact of mastitis were performed. in estimates 1 and 2 the real production and economic indices from february 2011 to january 2012 were considered. in the estimate 1, indices for mastitis classified as ideal were considered, whereas in the estimate 2, the mastitis indi ...201728606365
[effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin-18 on expression of immune-inflammatory factors in mice infected with staphylococcus aureus].to observe the effects of recombinant fusion protein interleukin (il)-18 on the expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the mice infected with staphylococcus aureus (sa), and to investigate the mechanism of action of il-18 in defense of sa infection in vivo.201728606241
anti-mrsa activity of fruiting body extracts of spectacular rustgill mushroom, gymnopilus junonius (agaricomycetes).despite the great advances in chemotherapeutics, infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. among some of the clinically relevant pathogens, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) ranks as one of the most difficult bacteria to treat. it is a common cause of skin, soft-tissue, and endovascular infections, as well as pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. the research on basidiomycota is extensive; many species show a broa ...201728605339
assessment of the risk to public health due to use of antimicrobials in pigs-an example of pleuromutilins in denmark.antibiotic consumption in pigs can be optimized by developing treatment guidelines, which encourage veterinarians to use effective drugs with low probability of developing resistance of importance for human health. in denmark, treatment guidelines for use in swine production are currently under review at the danish veterinary and food administration. use of pleuromutilins in swine has previously been associated with a very low risk for human health. however, recent international data and sporadi ...201728603717
(67)ga-labeled deferoxamine derivatives for imaging bacterial infection: preparation and screening of functionalized siderophore complexes.deferoxamine (dfo) is a siderophore that bacteria use to scavenge iron and could serve as a targeting vector to image bacterial infection where current techniques have critical limitations. [(67)ga]-dfo, which is a mimetic of the corresponding iron complex, is taken up by bacteria in culture, however in vivo it clears too rapidly to allow for imaging of infection. in response, we developed several new dfo derivatives to identify those that accumulate in bacteria, and at sites of infection, and t ...201728602965
scavenger receptor c promotes bacterial clearance in kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus by enhancing hemocyte phagocytosis and amp expression.scavenger receptors (srs) comprise a large family of structurally diverse glycoproteins located on the cell membrane and function as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs) participating in innate immunity in different species. class c scavenger receptor (src) has been only identified in invertebrates and its biological functions still need to be researched. in this study, we characterized the anti-bacterial function of a src from kuruma shrimp marsupenaeus japonicus (mjsrc). the mrna level of mjsr ...201728602682
early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds: a retrospective review.early excision of burns reduces the incidence of local and systemic infections caused by colonising microorganisms, and reduces mortality and length of hospital stay. appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections and skin graft loss. antibiotic selection should be based on likely pathogens. however, there are few studies that have investigated the early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds.201728602589
risk factors for poor prognosis in nosocomial infective endocarditis.the aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of nosocomial infective endocarditis (nie) with community-acquired infective endocarditis (cie) and to determine independent risk factors for in-hospital death.201728602063
surgical treatment of shoulder infections: a comparison between arthroscopy and arthrotomy.management of bacterial shoulder infections includes antibiotic therapy and surgical joint decompression. arthroscopy and open arthrotomy are recommended treatment options. whether 1 of the 2 surgical options is superior remains unclear. the present study aimed (1) to compare the reinfection rates after arthroscopy and open arthrotomy and (2) to identify risk factors of reinfection after surgical intervention.201728601485
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