Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| multiple defects, including premature apoptosis, prevent kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication in murine cells. | the development of a mouse model for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection has been impeded by the limited host range of the virus. here, we have examined the molecular basis of this host range restriction. kshv efficiently enters murine cells and establishes latency. however, ectopic expression of the lytic switch protein rta (replication and transcription activator) in these cells induces little viral gene expression and no virus production. upon treatment with histone deace ... | 2011 | 22130538 |
| Cytokine Homologs of Human Gammaherpesviruses. | Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) establish lifelong infection in the host. To further this lifestyle, they encode homologs of cellular cytokines and cytokine receptors with the overarching goal to escape from or to blunt host antiviral defenses. EBV encodes mimics of human interleukin (hIL)-10 and a G protein-coupled receptor protein with sequence similarity to CXCR, whereas KSHV encodes ... | 2011 | 22142220 |
| Novel mouse xenograft models reveal a critical role of CD4+ T cells in the proliferation of EBV-infected T and NK cells. | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous B-lymphotropic herpesvirus, ectopically infects T or NK cells to cause severe diseases of unknown pathogenesis, including chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH). We developed xenograft models of CAEBV and EBV-HLH by transplanting patients' PBMC to immunodeficient mice of the NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2R?(null) strain. In these models, EBV-infected T, NK, or B cells proliferated systemically and reproduced ... | 2011 | 22028658 |
| response of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in calves with subclinical bovine viral diarrhea challenged with bovine herpesvirus-1. | the aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) against secondary infections. for this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic strain of bvdv type-1 and challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv-1.1) was evaluated in comparison with healthy animals challenged only with bhv-1.1. the immune response was measured by serum concentrations of cytok ... | 2011 | 21856021 |
| antiviral activity of distictella elongata (vahl) urb. (bignoniaceae), a potentially useful source of anti-dengue drugs from the state of minas gerais, brazil. | to investigate the in vitro antiviral activity of distictella elongata (vahl) urb. ethanol extracts from leaves (lee), fruits (fee), stems and their main components. | 2011 | 21895729 |
| the early ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 encodes a tegument protein not essential for replication or virulence in the mouse. | the ul3 gene of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1) is retained in the genome of defective interfering particles and encodes a ~33kda myristylated protein. further characterization showed that the ul3 gene is trans-activated only by the sole immediate early (ie) protein and encodes an early protein that is dispensable for ehv-1 replication and localizes in the tegument of purified virions. ul3-deleted ehv-1 (vl11δul3) exhibits properties of host cell tropism, plaque size, and growth kinetics similar to ... | 2011 | 21917286 |
| real-time pcr detection of human herpesvirus 1-5 in patients lacking clinical signs of a viral cns infection. | infections of the central nervous system (cns) with herpes- or enterovirus can be self-limiting and benign, but occasionally result in severe and fatal disease. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has revolutionized the diagnostics of viral pathogens, and by multiple displacement amplification (mda) prior to real-time pcr the sensitivity might be further enhanced. the aim of this study was to investigate if herpes- or enterovirus can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients without ... | 2011 | 21849074 |
| the latency-associated nuclear antigen, a multifunctional protein central to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. | latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is encoded by the kaposi's sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv) open reading frame 73. lana is expressed during latent kshv infection of cells, including tumor cells, such as primary effusion lymphoma, ks and multicentric castleman's disease. latently infected cells have multiple extrachromosomal copies of covalently closed circular kshv genomes (episomes) that are stably maintained in proliferating cells. lana's best characterized function is that ... | 2011 | 22122438 |
| coordination of kshv latent and lytic gene control by ctcf-cohesin mediated chromosome conformation. | herpesvirus persistence requires a dynamic balance between latent and lytic cycle gene expression, but how this balance is maintained remains enigmatic. we have previously shown that the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) major latency transcripts encoding lana, vcyclin, vflip, v-mirnas, and kaposin are regulated, in part, by a chromatin organizing element that binds ctcf and cohesins. using viral genome-wide chromatin conformation capture (3c) methods, we now show that kshv latency ... | 2011 | 21876668 |
| herpesvirus claims another elephant as search for answers continues. | 2011 | 21879507 | |
| deciphering the role of epstein-barr virus in the pathogenesis of t and nk cell lymphoproliferations. | abstract: epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a highly successful herpesvirus, colonizing more than 90% of the adult human population worldwide, although it is also associated with various malignant diseases. primary infection is usually clinically silent, and subsequent establishment of latency in the memory b lymphocyte compartment allows persistence of the virus in the infected host for life. ebv is so markedly b-lymphotropic when exposed to human lymphocytes in vitro that the association of ebv with ... | 2011 | 21899744 |
| gene expression profiling in rmd5- and rmd5deltameq-infected chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of domestic chickens caused by a highly contagious and oncogenic alpha-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). md is characterized by bursal-thymic atrophy and rapid onset of t-cell lymphomas that infiltrate lymphoid tissues, visceral organs, and peripheral nerves with severe clinical signs that include transient paralysis, anemia, weight loss, and neurologic disorders. using overlapping cosmids- and bac-cloned mdv, it has been shown that ... | 2011 | 22017031 |
| Phototherapy in the treatment of cutaneous herpesvirus manifestations. | There is a considerable need for effective and safe treatment of cutaneous herpesvirus lesions. Current common approaches are limited to expensive or multidose oral pills. This systematic review of evidence-based approaches to phototherapy for the various manifestations of the herpesvirus discusses original publications of controlled clinical trials and case reports that were identified through searches in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid. Interventions included photodynamic therapy (PDT), UV light, an ... | 2011 | 22017068 |
| acute primary canine herpesvirus-1 dendritic ulcerative keratitis in an adult dog. | we present a report of dendritic ulcerative keratitis in a 4-year old locally immunosuppressed dog suspected to result from acute primary canine herpesvirus-1 (chv-1) infection. the dog was presented for evaluation of mild blepharospasm and conjunctival hyperemia in the right eye (od) shortly after attending a public boarding facility. for approximately 3 months, the dog had been receiving topical prednisolone acetate 1.0% and tacrolimus 0.02% in both eyes (ou) q12h for treatment of follicular c ... | 2011 | 22051326 |
| EBV-specific immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis responding to IFN{beta} therapy. | Background: Symptomatic primary infection with the human ?-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and elevated immune responses to EBV are associated with the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon-beta (IFNß), first-line treatment for relapse-onset MS, exhibits complex immunoregulatory and antiviral activities. Objective: To determine EBV-specific immune responses in patients with MS during IFNß therapy. Methods: We evaluated cellular and hu ... | 2011 | 22020417 |
| serologic response to mannheimia haemolytica in calves concurrently inoculated with inactivated or modified-live preparations of m. haemolytica and viral combination vaccines containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1. | to assess the serologic response of calves to inactivated and modified-live (ml) mannheimia haemolytica (mh) preparations given alone and concurrently with combination viral vaccines containing ml bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1). | 2011 | 22023134 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded microrna mir-k12-11 attenuates transforming growth factor beta signaling through suppression of smad5. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) encodes 12 pre-micrornas (pre-mirnas). current studies have shown that these mirnas are involved in regulation of viral and host gene expression, implicating a role in the maintenance of viral latency and suppression of antiviral innate immunity. however, the functions of these mirnas remain largely unknown. on the basis of the sequence homology between oncogenic mir-155 and kshv-encoded mir-k12-11, we hypothesized that mir-k12-11 could attenuate tr ... | 2011 | 22013049 |
| prospective monitoring of epstein-barr virus and other herpesviruses in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate and tocilizumab. | methotrexate (mtx) is widely used for the treatment of articular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia), but patients receiving mtx for rheumatoid arthritis have been reported to be at increased risk of reactivation of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and the development of lymphoproliferative disorder. the association between mtx and reactivation of herpesviruses in pediatric patients is not yet understood. we prospectively monitored the viral load of ebv, cytomegalovirus (cmv), and herpesvirus 6 (hh ... | 2011 | 22057635 |
| Actin' up: herpesvirus interactions with Rho GTPase signaling. | Herpesviruses constitute a very large and diverse family of DNA viruses, which can generally be subdivided in alpha-, beta- and gammaherpesvirus subfamilies. Increasing evidence indicates that many herpesviruses interact with cytoskeleton-regulating Rho GTPase signaling pathways during different phases of their replication cycle. Because of the large differences between herpesvirus subfamilies, the molecular mechanisms and specific consequences of individual herpesvirus interactions with Rho GTP ... | 2011 | 21994732 |
| human herpesvirus 6 and cytomegalovirus in ileocolonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease. | reactivation of a latent cytomegalovirus (cmv) may occur in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). data of human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6)--a close relative to cmv--in active ibd are scarce. the aim of this study was to detect hhv-6 and cmv antigens in the mucosa of active and inactive ibd. | 2011 | 21879802 |
| histone modifications in herpesvirus infections. | in eukaryotic cells, gene expression is not only regulated by transcription factors but also by several epigenetic mechanisms including post-translational modifications of histone proteins. there are numerous histone modifications described to date and methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation are amongst the best studied. in parallel, certain viruses interact with the very same regulatory mechanisms, hereby manipulating the normal epigenetic landscape of the host cell, to fit ... | 2011 | 22188068 |
| hiv-negative disseminated kaposi's sarcoma in a taiwanese patient. | kaposi's sarcoma is a common malignancy associated with hiv/aids. herein, we describe the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with bilateral neck and inguinal lymphadenopathy, a massive tumor on the gum, and a nodule over the left eye. a series of tests, including tumor biopsies, were performed, and disseminated kaposi's sarcoma with human herpesvirus 8 infection was diagnosed. to test for hiv, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, but the results ... | 2011 | 22208543 |
| the in vitro effects of proxymetacaine, fluorescein, and fusidic acid on real-time pcr assays used for the diagnosis of feline herpesvirus 1 and chlamydophila felis infections. | to investigate the possible inhibition of qpcr assays used for the diagnosis of ocular infections in cats by proxymetacaine, fluorescein, and fusidic acid, which are commonly used in veterinary ophthalmology. | 2011 | 21923818 |
| Breach of the nuclear lamina during assembly of herpes simplex viruses. | Beneath the inner nuclear membrane lies the dense meshwork of the nuclear lamina, which provides structural support for the nuclear envelope and serves as an important organizing center for a number of nuclear and cytoplasmic constituents and processes. Herpesviruses have a significant and wide-ranging impact on human health, and their capacity to replicate and cause disease includes events that occur in the host cell nucleus. Herpesviruses begin assembly of progeny virus in the nuclei of infect ... | 2011 | 21941110 |
| human herpesvirus 6a induces apoptosis of primary human fetal astrocytes via both caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. | abstract: | 2011 | 22152093 |
| antibody-induced conformational changes in hsv gd reveal new targets for virus neutralization. | as the receptor-binding protein of hsv, gd plays an essential role in virus entry. in its native state, the last 56 amino acids of the ectodomain c-terminus (c-term) occlude binding to its receptors, hvem and nectin-1. although it is clear that movement of the c-term must occur to permit receptor binding, we believe that this conformational change is also a key event for triggering later steps leading to fusion. specifically, gd mutants containing disulfide bonds that constrain the c-term are de ... | 2011 | 22130533 |
| correlation of cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 with cd3(+) and cd3(+) cd4(+) cells in chronic periodontitis patients. | thomasini rl, bonon sh, durante p, costa scb. correlation of cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 7 with cd3 ( + ) and cd3 ( + ) cd4 ( + ) cells in chronic periodontitis patients. j periodont res 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01413.x.©2011 john wiley & sons a/s background and objective: human chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory process characterized by dense accumulation of immune cells in the periodontal tissue. the periodontitis can lead to loss of teeth in the patient and the pat ... | 2011 | 21895663 |
| reservoirs of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) dna in sediments of natural lakes and ponds. | cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is a lethal dna virus that infects common carp and koi. it has caused outbreak of the disease within both aquaculture and natural environmental ecosystems. however, there is not enough understanding of the distribution of cyhv-3 in the natural environments, partly because there is no suitable quantification method. in this study, we tested cyhv-3 extraction methods from sediment and then compared its abundance between sediment and water using real-time pcr. sedime ... | 2011 | 21983526 |
| molecular studies of the oka varicella vaccine. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is one of eight members of the herpesviridae family for which humans are the primary host; it causes two distinct diseases, varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). varicella results from primary infection, during which the virus establishes latency in sensory neurons, a characteristic of all members of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. zoster is caused by reactivation of latent virus, which typically occurs when cellular immunity is impaired. vzv is the first h ... | 2011 | 21919621 |
| activating transcription factor 4 (atf4) is upregulated by human herpesvirus 8 infection, increases virus replication and promotes proangiogenic properties. | human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) triggers proangiogenic behaviour in endothelial cells by inducing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) through activation of nuclear factor κb (nf-κb). however, nf-κb inhibition still results in partial mcp-1 induction and consequent angiogenesis, suggesting the involvement of another transcriptional pathway. we analysed activating transcription factor 4 (atf4), since it is central in the cellular response to stress and is involved in angiogenesis. the results s ... | 2011 | 22016052 |
| Evolving evidence implicates cytomegalovirus as a promoter of malignant glioma pathogenesis. | ABSTRACT: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was first reported to be strongly associated with human malignant gliomas in 2002. HCMV is a herpesvirus that causes congenital brain infection and multi-organ disease in immumocompromised individuals. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the highest grade glioma, is associated with a life expectancy of less than two years. HCMV gene products encode for multiple proteins that can promote ... | 2011 | 22030012 |
| conserved herpesvirus kinases target the dna damage response pathway and tip60 histone acetyltransferase to promote virus replication. | herpesviruses, which are major human pathogens, establish life-long persistent infections. although the α, β, and γ herpesviruses infect different tissues and cause distinct diseases, they each encode a conserved serine/threonine kinase that is critical for virus replication and spread. the extent of substrate conservation and the key common cell-signaling pathways targeted by these kinases are unknown. using a human protein microarray high-throughput approach, we identify shared substrates of t ... | 2011 | 22018239 |
| protein arginine methyltransferase 1-directed methylation of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lana. | the kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is a multifunctional protein with roles in gene regulation and maintenance of viral latency. post-translational modification of lana is important for functional diversification. here, we report that lana is subject to arginine methylation by protein arginine methyltransferase (prmt) 1 in vitro and in vivo. the major arginine methylation site in lana was mapped to arginine 20 (r20). this site was mutate ... | 2011 | 22179613 |
| a case-cohort study of human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity and incident prostate cancer in tobago. | abstract: background: we previously reported a cross-sectional association between the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) serum antibodies and screen-detected prostate cancer in men living in tobago. in the same study population, we examined the association between hhv-8 seropositivity and incident prostate cancer discovered at later screenings. methods: in 40-81 year-old men without prostate cancer discovered at initial digital rectal examination (dre) and prostate-specific antigen (psa) ... | 2011 | 22151996 |
| the human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-7) u21 immunoevasin subverts nk-mediated cytoxicity through modulation of mica and micb. | herpesviruses have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to facilitate establishment of lifelong persistent infections. many herpesviruses encode gene products devoted to preventing viral antigen presentation as a means of escaping detection by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. the human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-7) u21 gene product, for example, is an immunoevasin that binds to class i major histocompatibility complex molecules and redirects them to the lysosomal compartment. virus infection can also indu ... | 2011 | 22102813 |
| distinct domains in orf52 tegument protein mediate essential functions in murine gammaherpesvirus 68 virion tegumentation and secondary envelopment. | epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are etiologically associated with several types of human malignancies. however, as these two human gammaherpesviruses do not replicate efficiently in cultured cells, the morphogenesis of gammaherpesvirus virions is poorly understood. murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv-68) provides a tractable model to define common, conserved features of gammaherpesvirus biology. orf52 of mhv-68 is conserved among gammaherpesviruses. we have previously ... | 2011 | 22090138 |
| virally-induced upregulation of heparan sulfate on b cells via the action of type i ifn. | cell surface heparan sulfate (hs) is an important coreceptor for many cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. in this study, we report that splenic murine b cells express very little hs and that upon infection with either gammaherpesvirus (murine gammaherpesvirus 68) or betaherpesvirus (murine cytomegalovirus), hs is rapidly upregulated at the surface of b cells. hs upregulation was not observed in mice deficient for the type i ifn (ifn-i) receptor. additionally, treatment of wild-type mice w ... | 2011 | 22048770 |
| pseudorabies virus infection in oklahoma hunting dogs. | pseudorabies is caused by suid herpesvirus 1, a member of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. although pigs are the natural host of pseudorabies virus (prv), the virus has a broad host range and may cause fatal encephalitis in many species. the united states obtained prv-free status in 2004 after the virus was eradicated from domestic swineherds, but the virus is still present in feral swine populations. the current report describes prv infection in 3 dogs that were used to hunt feral swine. the d ... | 2011 | 21908347 |
| varicella zoster virus-induced pain and post-herpetic neuralgia in the human host and in rodent animal models. | pain and post-herpetic neuralgia (phn) are common and highly distressing complications of herpes zoster that remain a significant public health concern and in need of improved therapies. zoster results from reactivation of the herpesvirus varicella zoster virus (vzv) from a neuronal latent state established at the primary infection (varicella). phn occurs in some one fifth to one third of zoster cases with severity, incidence, and duration of pain increasing with rising patient age. while vzv re ... | 2011 | 22205584 |
| progress in the development of new therapies for herpesvirus infections. | resurgent interest in antiviral drugs for the treatment of herpesvirus has led to the development of new compounds that are progressing through clinical trials. this is important because there are few therapeutic options for resistant infections and some viruses such as human cytomegalovirus remain underserved. new compounds include conventional dna polymerase inhibitors such as valomaciclovir and cyclopropavir, as well as cmx001 that has a broad spectrum of antiviral activity that includes all ... | 2011 | 22162744 |
| outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in france: a clinical and molecular investigation. | equid herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1)-associated myeloencephalopathy (ehm) is a disease affecting the central nervous system of horses. despite the constantly increasing interest about this syndrome, epidemiological data are limited especially when related to the description of large outbreaks. the aim of this article is to describe clinical, virological and molecular data obtained throughout a severe outbreak of ehm, with emphasis on laboratory diagnostic methods. the epidemic disease concerned a riding ... | 2011 | 21975071 |
| effect of haemolysis and repeated freeze-thawing cycles on wild boar serum antibody testing by elisa. | abstract: | 2011 | 22087883 |
| simultaneous detection of antibodies to five simian viruses in nonhuman primates using recombinant viral protein based multiplex microbead immunoassays. | routine screening for infectious agents is critical in establishing and maintaining specific pathogen free (spf) nonhuman primate (nhp) colonies. more efficient, higher throughput, less costly reagent, and reduced sample consumption multiplex microbead immunoassays (mmias) using purified viral lysates have been developed previously to address some disadvantages of the traditional individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) methods. to overcome some of the technical and biosafety difficu ... | 2011 | 21945221 |
| human herpesvirus 8 in corneal endotheliitis resulting in graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty refractory to allograft rejection therapy. | 2011 | 22159687 | |
| viruses - from pathogens to vaccine carriers. | vaccination is mankind's greatest public health success story. by now vaccines to many of the viruses that once caused fatal childhood diseases are routinely used throughout the world. traditional methods of vaccine development through inactivation or attenuation of viruses have failed for some of the most deadly human pathogens, necessitating new approaches. genetic modification of viruses not only allows for their attenuation but also for incorporation of sequences from other viruses, turning ... | 2011 | 22003377 |
| a gammaherpesvirus cooperates with interferon-alpha/beta-induced irf2 to halt viral replication, control reactivation, and minimize host lethality. | the gammaherpesviruses, including epstein-barr virus (ebv) and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), establish latency in memory b lymphocytes and promote lymphoproliferative disease in immunocompromised individuals. the precise immune mechanisms that prevent gammaherpesvirus reactivation and tumorigenesis are poorly defined. murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (mhv68) is closely related to ebv and kshv, and type i (alpha/beta) interferons (ifnαβ) regulate mhv68 reactivation from both b cells a ... | 2011 | 22114555 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus noncoding polyadenylated nuclear rna interacts with virus- and host cell-encoded proteins and suppresses expression of genes involved in immune modulation. | during lytic infection, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expresses a polyadenylated nuclear rna (pan rna). this noncoding rna (ncrna) is localized to the nucleus and is the most abundant viral rna during lytic infection; however, to date, the role of pan rna in the virus life cycle is unknown. many examples exist where ncrnas have a defined key regulatory function controlling gene expression by various mechanisms. our goal for this study was to identify putative binding partners fo ... | 2011 | 21957289 |
| preparation of viral dna from nucleocapsids. | viruses are obligate cellular parasites, and thus the study of their dna requires isolating viral material away from host cell contaminants and dna. several downstream applications require large quantities of pure viral dna, which is provided by this protocol. these applications include viral genome sequencing, where the removal of host dna is crucial to optimize data output for viral sequences, and the production of new viral recombinant strains, where co-transfection of purified plasmid and li ... | 2011 | 21876519 |
| varicella zoster vs. herpes simplex meningoencephalitis in the pcr era. a single center study. | background: the introduction of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the diagnosis of herpesvirus central nervous system infections is reshaping our understanding of these illnesses. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is increasingly recognized as an important etiology of sporadic viral meningoencephalitis (me). furthermore, mild cases of herpes simplex virus (hsv) me, traditionally considered a devastating infection, are frequently reported. methods: we compared the demographic and clinical features o ... | 2011 | 22138027 |
| pulmonary fibrosis induced by γ-herpesvirus in aged mice is associated with increased fibroblast responsiveness to transforming growth factor-β | young (4 month) and aged (15-18 months) mice were given intranasal saline or γ--herpesvirus-68 infection. after 21 days, aged, but not young mice, showed significant increases in collagen content and fibrosis. there were no differences in viral clearance or inflammatory cells (including fibrocytes) between infected aged and young mice. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed increased transforming growth factor-β in whole lung homogenates of infected aged mice compared with young mice. when fi ... | 2011 | 22193547 |
| antiviral properties of polysaccharides from agaricus brasiliensis in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1. | natural products are an inexhaustible source of compounds with promising pharmacological activities, including antiviral action. in the present study, the antiviral potential of polysaccharide-peptide (pls) and an extracted β-glucan from agaricus brasiliensis were investigated in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in hep-2 cell cultures. the cytotoxicity (cc50) was assayed by the mtt method and the antiviral activity (ic50) was estimated by the plaque reduction assay. to study the ... | 2011 | 21978159 |
| comparative full genome analysis of four infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus-1) virulent isolates from the united states. | gallid herpesvirus-1 (gahv-1), commonly named infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) virus, causes the respiratory disease in chickens known as ilt. the molecular determinants associated with differences in pathogenicity of gahv-1 strains are not completely understood, and a comparison of genomic sequences of isolates that belong to different genotypes could help identify genes involved in virulence. dideoxy sequencing, 454 pyrosequencing and illumina sequencing-by-synthesis were used to determine t ... | 2011 | 22173980 |
| neuroinfectious diseases in pregnancy. | pregnancy is associated with impaired t-cell-mediated immunity putting the woman at risk for infectious diseases not typically seen in immunocompetent individuals. when maternal infection is severe, and when a primary herpesvirus infection is acquired during pregnancy, there is a risk of fetal loss, maternal death, neonatal death, or congenital abnormalities from intrauterine infection. in this review, the authors emphasize specific neurologic infectious diseases that occur in pregnancy, the saf ... | 2011 | 22113513 |
| the molecular basis of herpes simplex virus latency. | herpes simplex virus type 1 is a neurotropic herpesvirus that establishes latency within sensory neurones. following primary infection, the virus replicates productively within mucosal epithelial cells and enters sensory neurones via nerve termini. the virus is then transported to neuronal cell bodies where latency can be established. periodically, the virus can reactivate to resume its normal lytic cycle gene expression programme and result in the generation of new virus progeny that are transp ... | 2011 | 22150699 |
| actin in herpesvirus infection. | actin is important for a variety of cellular processes, including uptake of extracellular material and intracellular transport. several emerging lines of evidence indicate that herpesviruses exploit actin and actin-associated myosin motors for viral entry, intranuclear transport of capsids, and virion egress. the goal of this review is to explore these processes and to highlight potential future directions for this area of research. | 2011 | 21994736 |
| comparison of qiasymphony automated and qiaamp manual dna extraction systems for measuring epstein-barr virus dna load in whole blood using real-time pcr. | automated and manual extraction systems have been used with real-time pcr for quantification of epstein-barr virus [human herpesvirus 4 (hhv-4)] dna in whole blood, but few studies have evaluated relative performances. in the present study, the automated qiasymphony and manual qiaamp extraction systems (qiagen, valencia, ca) were assessed using paired aliquots derived from clinical whole-blood specimens and an in-house, real-time pcr assay. the detection limits using the qiasymphony and qiaamp s ... | 2011 | 21889612 |
| inhibition of retromer activity by herpesvirus saimiri tip leads to cd4 downregulation and efficient t cell transformation. | the mammalian retromer is an evolutionally conserved protein complex composed of a vacuolar protein sorting trimer (vps 26/29/35) that participates in cargo recognition and a sorting nexin (snx) dimer that binds to endosomal membranes. the retromer plays an important role in efficient retrograde transport for endosome-to-golgi retrieval of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (ci-mpr), a receptor for lysosomal hydrolases, and other endosomal proteins. this ultimately contributes t ... | 2011 | 21849449 |
| coupled transcriptome and proteome analysis of human lymphotropic tumor viruses: insights on the detection and discovery of viral genes. | abstract: background: kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) are related human tumor viruses that cause primary effusion lymphomas (pel) and burkitt's lymphomas (bl), respectively. viral genes expressed in naturally-infected cancer cells contribute to disease pathogenesis; knowing which viral genes are expressed is critical in understanding how these viruses cause cancer. to evaluate the expression of viral genes, we used high-resolution separation and mas ... | 2011 | 22185355 |
| Cloning of equine herpesvirus type 1 438/77 strain genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome. | Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of respiratory and reproductive diseases in horses worldwide. The genome of EHV-1 strain 438/77 (isolated from an aborted equine fetus) was cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) in E. coli without any gene deletions. The mini-F plasmid sequence was inserted in the middle of ORF19 and 20 via homologous recombination following co-transfection of viral DNA and plasmid pE19_20/HA into RK13 cells. Circular viral DNA was extracted from RK1 ... | 2011 | 22059290 |
| Two micro-RNAs encoded within the BHV-1 latency related (LR) gene promote cell survival by interacting with RIG-I and stimulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-?B) dependent transcription and beta-interferon signaling pathways. | Sensory neurons latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) abundantly express the latency-related (LR) RNA. Genetic evidence indicates LR protein expression plays a role in the latency-reactivation cycle because a LR mutant virus that contains three stop codons downstream of the first ORF (ORF-2) does not reactivate from latency. The LR mutant virus induces higher levels of apoptotic neurons in trigeminal ganglia, and ORF2 interferes with apoptosis. Although ORF2 is important for the la ... | 2011 | 22130548 |
| attenuation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 by deletion of its glycoprotein g and tk genes and protection against virulent viral challenge. | to develop a novel vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1) mutant was constructed by deleting the genes for glycoprotein g (gg) and thymidine kinase (tk) through homologous recombination. the resulting sequences for both genes were shown to be correct and a gg expression defect was also confirmed. a parallel study of the bohv-1 gg(-)/tk(-), ge(-)/tk(-) mutants and wild type (wt) in 31 calves was performed at three different doses, 4×10(5)pfu, 4×10 ... | 2011 | 21959327 |
| latent kshv infection of endothelial cells induces integrin beta3 to activate angiogenic phenotypes. | kaposi's sarcoma (ks), the most common tumor of aids patients, is a highly vascularized tumor supporting large amounts of angiogenesis. the main cell type of ks tumors is the spindle cell, a cell of endothelial origin, the primary cell type involved in angiogenesis. kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiologic agent of ks and is likely involved in both tumor formation and the induction of angiogenesis. integrins, and specifically integrin αvβ3, have known roles in both tumor i ... | 2011 | 22174684 |
| herpesvirus entry mediator regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoiesis in mice. | erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells, must be tightly controlled to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to tissues without causing thrombosis or stroke. control of physiologic and pathologic erythropoiesis is dependent predominantly on erythropoietin (epo), the expression of which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (hif) activity in response to low oxygen tension. accumulating evidence indicates that oxygen-independent mediators, including inflammatory stimuli, cytokines, and grow ... | 2011 | 22080867 |
| Identification of human herpesviruses 1 to 8 in Tunisian multiple sclerosis patients and healthy blood donors. | Members of the human Herpesviridae family are candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. To verify the possible role of human herpesviruses (HHVs) as triggering or aggravating factors in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis clinical outcome, we studied the prevalence of all eight human herpesviruses in whole blood samples collected from 51 MS patients and from 51 healthy controls. The presence of DNA of herpes simplex virus ... | 2011 | 22058062 |
| partial molecular characterisation of new world non-human primate lymphocryptoviruses. | the description of numerous viruses belonging to the lymphocryptovirus genus from different old and new world non-human primate species during the past 10 years has led to developing and supporting co-speciational evolution hypotheses for these viruses and their hosts. among the different primate species tested, only a few were from the new world. this study attempted to achieve a better understanding of the evolutionary processes within the platyrrhini branch. molecular screening of 253 blood d ... | 2011 | 21827873 |
| differences in kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-specific and herpesvirus-non-specific immune responses in classic kaposi sarcoma cases and matched controls in sicily. | kaposi sarcoma (ks) might develop because of incompetent immune responses, both non-specifically and specifically against the ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv). peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 classic (non-aids) ks cases, 13 kshv seropositives (without ks) and 15 kshv-seronegative controls were tested for interferon-+¦ t-cell (enzyme-linked immunospot [elispot]) responses to kshv-latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), kshv-k8.1 and cmv/epstein-barr virus (ebv) peptide pools. the fo ... | 2011 | 21740480 |
| Detection of herpes simplex virus type-1 in patients with fibrotic lung diseases. | The current study intends to investigate i) the incidence of herpes viruses including Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Human Herpes Virus -6, -7, -8 (HHV6, HHV7, HHV8) in two biological samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue biopsy, in different forms of pulmonary fibrosis, and ii) the induction of molecular pathways involved in fibrosis by herpesvirus infection in primary cell cultures. PCR was employed for the detection of CMV, HHV6-8 and HSV ... | 2011 | 22205929 |
| A duck enteritis virus-vectored bivalent live vaccine provides fast and complete protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in ducks. | Ducks play an important role in the maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in nature, and the successful control of AIVs in ducks has important implications for the eradication of the disease in poultry and its prevention in humans. The inactivated influenza vaccine is expensive, labor-intensive, and usually needs 2 to 3 weeks to induce protective immunity in ducks. Live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV; a herpesvirus) vaccine is used routinely to control lethal ... | 2011 | 21865383 |
| adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific t cells. | viral infections are still common causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. infections caused by virus such as cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and epstein-barr virus are well-known. in addition, several other viruses such as polyomavirus and human herpesvirus 6 have been recently reported to be causes of significant complications. as the delay in recovery of virus-specific cellular immune response after transplant is asso ... | 2011 | 21925094 |
| hobnail hemangioma reclassified as superficial lymphatic malformation: a study of 52 cases. | hobnail hemangioma (hh) is currently classified as a benign vascular tumor, although it is not well understood whether this lesion differentiates toward blood or lymphatic endothelial cells. immunostaining with the endothelial marker wilms tumor 1 (wt1) helps distinguish between vascular neoplasms and malformations, being positive in the former and negative in the latter. | 2011 | 21821311 |
| Association of nephrotic syndrome with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. | BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of patients with severe immune deficiency experience an excessive inflammatory response called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). IRIS has been observed after various opportunistic infections with pathogens such as mycobacteria, including Bacille Calmette-Guérin, cryptococci, human herpesvirus-8, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Non-acquired imm ... | 2011 | 22203364 |
| Involvement of viral factors with head and neck cancers. | The incidence of head and neck cancer remains high and is associated with many deaths in both Western and Asian countries. Common risk factors in head and neck carcinoma are smoking and alcohol abuse, however, in an increasing proportion of cases, no significant smoking or drinking history has been reported. The infectious nature of oncogenic viruses sets them apart from other carcinogenic agents. As such, a thorough study of both the pathogenesis of viral infection and the host response is cruc ... | 2011 | 22078009 |
| Extracellular Hsp90 serves as a co-factor for NF-?B activation and cellular pathogenesis induced by an oncogenic herpesvirus. | The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-the most common tumor associated with HIV infection and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this patient population. The majority of patients with KS exhibit little or no clinical response to existing therapies. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) family of transcription factors plays a critical role in facilitating cancer pathogenesis associated with oncogenic viruses, and a better unde ... | 2011 | 21994906 |
| canine reproductive, respiratory, and ocular diseases due to canine herpesvirus. | this review documents how clinical inquiry expands as our knowledge base about canine herpesvirus (chv) increases. we must understand the various forms of chv infection that may occur in the dog population. this has prompted the veterinary community to develop more sensitive diagnostic assays. chv is more common than we considered a decade ago. up to 70% of some high-risk dog populations have been infected with and are latent carriers of chv. recognition of the various forms of chv-induced disea ... | 2011 | 22041206 |
| Viral infections associated with the clinical use of monoclonal antibodies. | In recent years, immunomodulatory agents, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have been effectively utilized in the management of several malignancies, in transplant rejection, in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and in a range of further indications. However, the administration of mAbs is associated with an increased risk of infections, in particular of viral infections, that is not fully appreciated. The influence of mAbs on viral infections is likely to be relevant, impacting on the in ... | 2011 | 22023708 |
| Serological evaluation of relationship between viral pathogens (BHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3V, and Adeno3) and dairy calf pneumonia by indirect ELISA. | In this study, viral pathogens associated with nine outbreaks of naturally occurring dairy calf pneumonia in Mashhad area of Khorasan Razavi province from September 2008 to May 2009 were assessed. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for examination. Acute and convalescent serum samples were taken from calves with signs of respiratory disease. Sera were analyzed for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus ... | 2011 | 22198538 |
| Human herpesvirus 6 in biopsies from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | Gastrointestinal complications are frequent after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Main differential diagnoses are graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and viral infections. In this retrospective analysis, we included 50 patients with severe vomiting or diarrhea in the first year after allo-SCT. One hundred two biopsies obtained by colonoscopy or endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract were analysed by conventional histology for signs of GvHD and by qualitative polymerase chain ... | 2011 | 22048789 |
| A multifunctional protein encoded by turkey herpesvirus suppresses RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. | Many plant and animal viruses counteract RNA silencing-mediated defense by encoding diverse RNA silencing suppressors. We characterized HVT063, a multifunctional protein encoded by turkey herpesvirus (HVT), as a silencing suppressor in coinfiltration assays with green fluorescent protein transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana line 16c. Our results indicated that HVT063 could strongly suppress both local and systemic RNA silencing induced by either sense RNA or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). HVT063 could ... | 2011 | 21957299 |
| sequencing of bovine herpesvirus 4 v.test strain reveals important genome features. | bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) is a useful model for the human pathogenic gammaherpesviruses epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. although genome manipulations of this virus have been greatly facilitated by the cloning of the bohv-4 v.test strain as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), the lack of a complete genome sequence for this strain limits its experimental use. | 2011 | 21846388 |
| Right Place, Right Time: The evolving role of herpesvirus infection as a "second hit" in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | Over the course of the past decade, increasing evidence has implicated alveolar epithelial cell injury and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Genetic factors, cigarette smoking, and other environmental exposures have been identified as potential factors leading to a population of vulnerable alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, molecular techniques have demonstrated herpesviruses are commonly detectable in the lungs of patients with IPF, raising suspicion t ... | 2011 | 22180659 |
| ß-HHVs and HHV-8 in Lymphoproliferative Disorders. | Similarly to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is a ?-herpesvirus, recently recognized to be associated with the occurrence of rare B cell lymphomas and atypical lymphoproliferations, especially in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected subjects. Moreover, the human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), a ß-herpesvirus, has been shown to be implicated in some non-malignant lymph node proliferations, such as the Rosai Dorfman disease, and in a proportion of Hodgkin's lymphoma ca ... | 2011 | 22110893 |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus microRNAs Target Caspase 3 and Regulate Apoptosis. | Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a cluster of twelve micro (mi)RNAs, which are abundantly expressed during both latent and lytic infection. Previous studies reported that KSHV is able to inhibit apoptosis during latent infection; we thus tested the involvement of viral miRNAs in this process. We found that both HEK293 epithelial cells and DG75 cells stably expressing KSHV miRNAs were protected from apoptosis. Potential cellular targets that were significantly down-regulated upon KSHV ... | 2011 | 22174674 |
| A mutation in UL15 of herpes simplex virus 1 that reduces packaging of cleaved genomes. | Herpesvirus genomic DNA is cleaved from concatemers that accumulate in infected cell nuclei. Genomic DNA is inserted into preassembled capsids through a unique portal vertex. Extensive analyses of viral mutants have indicated that intact capsids, the portal vertex, and all components of a tripartite terminase enzyme are required to both cleave and package viral DNA, suggesting that DNA cleavage and packaging are inextricably linked. Because the processes have not been functionally separable, it ... | 2011 | 21880766 |
| intragenic and extragenic suppression of a mutation in herpes simplex virus 1 ul34 that affects both nuclear envelope targeting and membrane budding. | late in infection herpesviruses move dna-filled capsids from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by enveloping dna-containing capsids at the inner nuclear membrane (inm) and deenveloping them at the outer nuclear membrane. this process requires two conserved herpesvirus proteins, pul31 and pul34. interaction between pul34 and pul31 is essential for targeting both proteins to the nuclear envelope (ne), and sequences that mediate the targeting interaction have been mapped in both proteins. here, we show ... | 2011 | 21900173 |
| murid herpesvirus-4 exploits dendritic cells to infect b cells. | dendritic cells (dcs) play a central role in initiating immune responses. some persistent viruses infect dcs and can disrupt their functions in vitro. however, these viruses remain strongly immunogenic in vivo. thus what role dc infection plays in the pathogenesis of persistent infections is unclear. here we show that a persistent, b cell-tropic gamma-herpesvirus, murid herpesvirus-4 (muhv-4), infects dcs early after host entry, before it establishes a substantial infection of b cells. dc-specif ... | 2011 | 22102809 |
| The Cytomegaloviral Protein pUL138 Acts as Potentiator of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor 1 Surface Density To Enhance ULb'-Encoded Modulation of TNF-a Signaling. | Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latent infection. Changes in immune homeostasis induce the reactivation of lytic infection, which is mostly inapparent in healthy individuals but often causes overt disease in immunocompromised hosts. Based on discrepant tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 surface disposition between human cytomegalovirus AD169 variants differing in the ULb' region, we identified the latency-associated gene product pUL138, which also is exp ... | 2011 | 21976655 |
| Inhibition of the inflammasome response by a viral protein that interacts with NLRs. | Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitute the first line of host defense against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. Upon sensing microbial infection, PRRs initiate a cascade of signal transduction and transcriptional events to induce the production of inflammatory cytokines. As a result, many pathogens have evolved to evade PRR detection and activation in order to establish a successful infection. In a recent report, we described how a viral protein named Orf63 encoded by Kaposi's sarc ... | 2011 | 21966559 |
| rare, unusual, and less common virus infections after organ transplantation. | the present article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of rare, unusual, and less common viruses that infect transplant recipients. | 2011 | 22001713 |
| pathology of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv; human herpesvirus 8) is a human herpesvirus, classified as a gamma-herpesvirus. kshv is detected in kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel), and some cases of multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). similar to other herpes viruses, there are two phases of infection, latent and lytic. in kshv-associated malignancies such as ks and pel, kshv latently infects almost all tumor cells. quantitative pcr analysis revealed that each tumor cell ... | 2011 | 21904536 |
| clinical characteristics of patients with epstein barr virus in cerebrospinal fluid. | the role of epstein-barr (ebv) virus in central nervous system (cns) infections is not fully resolved. it is clearly associated with lymphoproliferative disease of immunosuppressed persons, and may cause encephalitis. | 2011 | 22018204 |
| The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis induces the Epstein-Barr virus lytic switch transactivator ZEBRA by histone modification. | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that usually results in latent infection of B cells. The EBV BZLF1 gene product ZEBRA is a master regulator of the transition from latency to the lytic replication cycle. In the latent state, hypoacetylation of histone proteins in the BZLF1 promoter by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is primarily involved in maintaining EBV latency. Although the mechanism that regulates the switch between latency and lytic replication has been a central res ... | 2011 | 22178321 |
| a leucine zipper motif of a tegument protein triggers final envelopment of human cytomegalovirus. | the gene product of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul71 is conserved throughout the herpesvirus family. during hcmv infection, pul71 is required for efficient virion egress and involved in the final steps of secondary envelopment leading to infectious viral particles. we found strong indications for an oligomerization of pul71 under native conditions when recombinant pul71 was negatively stained and analyzed by electron microscopy. oligomerization of pul71 during infection was further verified by ... | 2011 | 22205740 |
| activation of pi3k/akt and erk mapk signal pathways is required for the induction of lytic cycle replication of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by herpes simplex virus type 1. | kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is causally linked to several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related malignancies, including kaposi's sarcoma (ks), primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and a subset of multicentric castleman's disease. regulation of viral lytic replication is critical to the initiation and progression of ks. recently, we reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was an important cofactor that activated lytic cycle replication of kshv. here, we further invest ... | 2011 | 22032493 |
| recent publications in medical microbiology and immunology: a retrospective. | a look back is done to some clinical and basic research activities recently published in medical microbiology and immunology. the review covers clinical experiences and in vitro experiments to understand the emergency, pathogenicity, epidemic spread, and vaccine-based prevention of avian and swine-origin flu. some new developments and concepts in diagnosis, (molecular) epidemiology, and therapy of aids, viral hepatitis c, and herpesvirus-associated diseases are outlined. regulation of immune sys ... | 2011 | 22033658 |
| Avian polyomavirus infection of a fledgling budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) and differential diagnoses of viral inclusions in psittacine birds--case report and mini-review. | A two-week-old budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) of an outdoor aviary died suddenly and was submitted for determination the cause of illness and death. Macroscopically, the sparsely feathered animal was in a poor body condition. Histopathological examination revealed in various mesenchymal and epithelial tissues, numerous up to 15 microm in diameter large intranuclear, amphophilic to basophilic inclusion bodies with a clearing of the centre. Additionally, a feather dysplasia and retention hyp ... | 2011 | 22059291 |
| Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) induces a functional tumor-associated phenotype for oral fibroblasts. | The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), the most common HIV/AIDS-associated tumor worldwide. Involvement of the oral cavity portends a poor prognosis for patients with KS, but mechanisms for KSHV regulation of the oral tumor microenvironment are largely unknown. Infiltrating fibroblasts are found with KS lesions, and KSHV establishes latent infection within human primary fibroblasts in vitro, but contributions for KSHV-infected fibroblasts ... | 2011 | 22186301 |
| Herpesvirus telomerase RNA (vTR) with a mutated template sequence abrogates herpesvirus-induced lymphomagenesis. | Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TR) represent the enzymatically active components of telomerase. In the complex, TR provides the template for the addition of telomeric repeats to telomeres, a protective structure at the end of linear chromosomes. Human TR with a mutation in the template region has been previously shown to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. In this report, we examined the effects of a mutation in the template of a virus encoded TR (vTR) on ... | 2011 | 22046133 |
| structure-function analysis of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein h identifies domain-specific roles for fusion and skin tropism. | enveloped viruses require membrane fusion for cell entry and replication. for herpesviruses, this event is governed by the multiprotein core complex of conserved glycoproteins (g)b and gh/gl. the recent crystal structures of gh/gl from herpes simplex virus 2, pseudorabies virus, and epstein-barr virus revealed distinct domains that, surprisingly, do not resemble known viral fusogens. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chicken pox and shingles. vzv is an α-herpesvirus closely related to herpes s ... | 2011 | 22025718 |
| An antisense transcript in the human cytomegalovirus UL87 gene region. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22074130 |
| sustained cd8+ t cell memory inflation after infection with a single-cycle cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection. a hallmark of chronic cmv infection is the lifelong persistence of large numbers of virus-specific cd8+ effector/effector memory t cells, a phenomenon called "memory inflation". how the virus continuously stimulates these t cells without being eradicated remains an enigma. the prevailing view is that cmv establishes a low grade "smoldering" infection characterized by tiny bursts of productive inf ... | 2011 | 21998590 |