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analysis of the local and systemic immune responses induced in balb/c mice by experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection.pulmonary a2 strain respiratory syncytial virus infection of balb/c laboratory mice persisted for up to 7 days after initial infection with peak virus titres being recovered on day 4. virus antigen within the lungs was found to be restricted essentially to the alveolar regions. similarly, pulmonary histopathological changes remained confined to the peri-alveolar regions being consistent with mild pneumonia. infection was found to elicit a pulmonary major histocompatibility complex-restricted cyt ...19902197371
what is the clinical role of aerosolized ribavirin?aerosolized ribavirin is the first approved agent for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. however, the clinical use of ribavirin is controversial. although ribavirin-treated patients appear to be subjectively improved, the benefit in terms of decreased morbidity and mortality is not well established. furthermore, the drug has been found to be teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, depending upon the scientific model. because of its unique mode of administration, envi ...19902197815
clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin.the preparation, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, dosage and administration, and adverse effects of intravenous immune globulin (ivig) are reviewed. ivig, which consists primarily of immunoglobulin g (igg), is initially prepared from pooled human plasma by using the cohn-oncley fractionation procedure. secondary treatments render the preparation suitable for i.v. use. the specific antibody content of ivig depends on the geographic location of the plasma donors, the product, and the product lot. ...19902198124
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza a virus in cell cultures by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies.peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus were used for immunoperoxidase staining (ips) of cell cultures inoculated with nasopharyngeal aspirates. cells were grown in 24-well plates, and specimens were inoculated by low-speed centrifugation. cultures were incubated for 2 days at 37 degrees c and then fixed, stained, and observed by light microscopy. ips was compared with standard virus isolation by using cultures of human diploid fib ...19902199488
detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen in nasal washings by abbott testpack enzyme immunoassay.we compared the new abbott testpack (tp) respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) enzyme immunoassay (eia) with cell culture and two commercial rsv eias (from abbott diagnostics and kallestad laboratories) by using split samples of fresh nasal washings from children with suspected rsv disease. two tubes of hep-2 cells were inoculated and observed for cytopathic effect for 14 days, and isolates were confirmed by immunofluorescence. the tp eia was performed by following the manufacturer's instructions. s ...19902199500
evaluation of the becton dickinson directigen test for respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates.a premarket trial of the becton dickinson directigen respiratory syncytial virus membrane-based enzyme immunoassay compared the test with virus isolation for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in 583 nasopharyngeal aspirates. after modification, the directigen test showed a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 90%. it offers the potential for an efficient bedside test--without the need for any equipment--for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection and requires only a ...19902199510
detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen after seventy-two hours of culture.between september, 1987, and april, 1989, three techniques for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were compared: indirect immunofluorescence (if) on the sample, indirect immunofluorescence after 72 h of mrc-5 cell culture (if 72h), and detection of the cytopathic effect (cpe) by mrc-5 and hep-2 cell culture. a study of 383 nasal aspirates from young children admitted to the centre hospitalier de nantes (chr) showing miscellaneous respiratory symptoms produced the following result ...19902202784
nebulized albuterol in acute bronchiolitis.in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 infants between 6 weeks and 24 months of age who had a first episode of wheezing and other signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis were randomly assigned to receive either nebulized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (saline solution) for two administrations 1 hour apart. the albuterol therapy resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the accessory muscle score (decreases 0.70 vs decreases 0.30; p = 0.03), oxygen saturation (increases 0.71 ...19902213394
nucleotide sequence analysis and expression from recombinant vectors demonstrate that the attachment protein g of bovine respiratory syncytial virus is distinct from that of human respiratory syncytial virus.bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus causes a severe lower respiratory tract disease in calves similar to the disease in children caused by human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus. while there is antigenic cross-reactivity among the other major viral structural proteins, the major glycoprotein, g, of brs virus and that of hrs virus are antigenically distinct. the g glycoprotein has been implicated as the attachment protein for hrs virus. we have carried out a molecular comparison of the glyc ...19902214024
[seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in goats with pneumonia in zaire].coupled sera were taken among goats suffering from pneumonia in zaire. the presence of antibodies to bovine syncytial respiratory virus was investigated by a seroneutralization test. out of 26 animals, 9 already had antibodies at the time of the first blood sampling, 9 presented a seroconversion and 8 remained seronegative during the two months of observation. these results suggest it would be useful to study the frequency of the infection of small ruminants with this virus and its clinical and ...19902218031
[benign acute myositis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. 19902221639
latent sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus during acute bronchiolitis and lung function after recovery.to determine whether latent sensitivity to respiratory syncytial virus antigen(s) occurs after infection, 27 infants with acute bronchiolitis were studied and compared with 15 hospital controls. blood was collected for whole blood challenge, and histamine release was measured by a high performance liquid chromatography technique with fluorometric detection. there was a significantly greater histamine release to respiratory syncytial virus antigen(s) in those with bronchiolitis than in controls, ...19902221967
comparison of immunofluorescence & culture for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.in 809 infants and children with acute respiratory infection, hep-2 cells were used for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and an indirect immunofluorescence technique (iif) was used for the detection of rsv antigen in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal secretions. while rsv was detected in culture in only 87 subjects, iif was positive for viral antigen in 158 subjects. in children with bronchiolitis and in those with pneumonia 57 and 19 per cent respectively, had evidence of ...19902228050
antibody-mediated enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19902230249
occurrence of groups a and b of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children.over 15 years respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates from 1209 hospitalized and ambulatory children were examined for strain group and in a subset for subgroup to determine the associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. three patterns of yearly outbreaks existed: (1) strong predominance of group a strains (9 years with 83%-100% a strains), (2) relatively equal proportions of group a and b strains (4 years), and (3) strong predominance of group b strains (78%-85%) in 2 years, sepa ...19902230258
early ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial viral infection in high-risk children.a 3-year prospective, blinded, multicenter study was done to assess the efficacy of early ribavirin intervention in mild respiratory syncytial virus illness in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or with congenital heart disease. a cohort of 178 children younger than 36 months of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or congenital heart disease were followed. forty-seven infants whose respiratory syncytial virus infection resulted in mild symptoms of less than or equal to 72 hours' duration r ...19902231215
[the effect of certain factors on the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome].although sudden infant death syndrome (sids) has been well known for a long time, in our country it has not been registered adequately yet and has seemed not to be present those years. but, it has not been true. a number of predisposing factors make that this phenomenon has a high share in postneonatal mortality, especially in those environments where the infant's mortality rate is low. a pathologist is imperative to establish a diagnosis following not only inadequate clinical picture and sudden ...19902233110
antibiotics for respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19902235156
pulmonary function testing in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation. 19902235204
prioritizing research questions on the safety of ribavirin in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections. 19902235207
early ribavirin aerosol treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk children. 19902235211
viral pneumonias. a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.viral pneumonias are both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge for primary care physicians. the illness should be suspected when an upper respiratory tract infection progresses to include dyspnea and cyanosis. rapid diagnostic tests are now available to detect most of the viruses that cause pneumonias. fortunately, viral pneumonias usually resolve without specific antiviral therapy; however, ribavirin is indicated for respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in children and ganciclovir sodium ( ...19902235793
acute respiratory disease in spain: seven years of experience.the clinical and epidemiologic features of viral and nonviral pathogens involved in acute respiratory diseases are described in the context of cases of infection (especially atypical pneumonia and bronchiolitis) studied at the centro nacional de microbiología, virología e immunología sanitarias in madrid during a 7-year period (1979-1986). these etiologies were demonstrated in 1,637 (36.2%) of 4,521 cases. among viruses, respiratory syncytial virus most frequently infected children; influenza vi ...19902237112
systemic and secretory antibody responses to sequential bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves.to investigate the influence of humoral immunity on the severity of disease caused by infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), an experimentally induced infection study was performed on vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves. fifteen weanling calves were allotted to 3 groups: 1 group of 6 calves was exposed to 2 live virus aerosols, 35 days apart; another group of 6 calves was vaccinated prior to the same aerosol exposures; and the remaining 3 calves served as controls. clinical si ...19902240782
rapid recovery in mice after combined nasal/oral immunization with killed respiratory syncytial virus.based on the concept of a common mucosal immune system, the murine gastrointestinal tract was inoculated (oral) with three doses (5, 20, and 40 micrograms) of uv-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in order to elicit a virus-specific immune response in the respiratory tract. only the 40 micrograms dose induced significant (p less than 0.01) anti-rsv-igg rises in serum and lung wash compared to controls. to improve the immune response, mice were immunized intranasally under light anesth ...19902243208
does prematurity alter the course of respiratory syncytial virus infection?we compared previously healthy prematurely born infants with full-term infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection to evaluate the role of prematurity on the clinical course of the illness. during a 5-yr period (1984 to 1989), 484 previously healthy patients were admitted to the hospital with rsv infection. no differences were found in the presenting symptoms of respiratory distress, cough, fever or shock, although the premature group was more likely to present with apn ...19902245609
[epidemiologic studies of the detection of viral infection agents in calf losses in the weser-ems region].in 961 calves up to an age of 6 months which were sent to the animal health center in oldenburg between march 1987 and march 1990 for necropsy the results of determination of different viruses were calculated: bvd-, rota-, corona-, parainfluenza-3- (pi-3)-, bovine herpes-1 (bhv-1)- and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). in 122 and 104 randomly collected health calves of 22 farms antibodies against brsv and bovine adeno virus-types 5, 7 and 8 were determined. 50.1% of the necropsied calve ...19902245783
analysis of polypeptides synthesized in bovine respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.ten virus-specific polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from approximately 200k to 11k were identified in bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv-)infected cells. time course analysis of the induction of the viral polypeptides indicated that they could be detected as early as 30 min post-infection and their synthesis reached a plateau 12 h after infection. cell free translation of total infected-cell mrna in a rabbit reticulocyte system yielded 7 proteins corresponding in size to virus-spec ...19902248551
frame shift mutations as a novel mechanism for the generation of neutralization resistant mutants of human respiratory syncytial virus.the genetic characterization of four previously reported mutants of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus resistant to monoclonal antibody 63g is described. sequences of the g protein genes were obtained from: (i) mrna derived cdna recombinants, (ii) direct mrna sequencing and (iii) amplified vrna derived cdnas. the results obtained indicate that the original escape mutants, recovered from individual plaques, contained heterogeneous viral populations. this heterogeneity affected the number of a ...19902249671
acute upper respiratory tract viral illness and influenza immunization in homes for the elderly.occupants of 482 long-stay and 33 short-stay beds in 11 leicester city council homes for the elderly were studied during a 30-week period from september 1988 to march 1989 to determine the incidence, aetiology, morbidity, and mortality of acute upper respiratory tract viral infections and the use of influenza vaccine. influenza immunization rates by home ranged from 15.4 to 90% (mean 45%). there were no differences in the distribution of medical conditions by home. the highest immunization rates ...19902249724
enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or purified f glycoprotein and challenged with rsv 3-6 months after immunization.formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv, purified f glycoprotein in alum, and rsv infection (intranasal) were compared for their immunogenicity, efficacy, and ability to enhance pulmonary histopathology during rsv infection 3 and 6 months following immunization by the intramuscular route. purified influenza virus in alum was used as a control immunogen. at 1 month following immunization with one dose of purified f glycoprotein (5 micrograms), cotton rats developed levels of f antibodies (elisa) higher tha ...19902251875
evaluation of direct immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassay, centrifugation culture, and conventional culture for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus.four methods of detecting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from clinical specimens were evaluated. a total of 410 specimens consisting of nasopharyngeal washes, aspirates, and swabs were simultaneously tested for the presence of rsv by direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa), enzyme immunoassay (eia) (kallestad pathfinder), shell vial centrifugation culture (svc), and conventional culture. dfa identified 146 (83%) of the 175 positive cases, eia detected 153 (87%), svc detected 127 (73%), and conv ...19902254415
virus-induced alterations in macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin e2.the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is felt to contribute to viral clearance and/or the inflammation accompanying pulmonary infections with this virus. both tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2) are important regulatory mediators of the cellular immune response. we examined the production of these mediators from purified human alveolar and blood mononuclear phagocytes (mp) after rsv infection in vitro and compared production induced by virus with t ...19902260674
molecular mechanisms of action of ribavirin.ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent whose molecular mode of action remains remarkably controversial. this antiviral agent was approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 1986 for use as an aerosol for infants with serious infections due to respiratory syncytial virus. ribavirin is and has been under clinical investigation for activity against a variety of viral illnesses, including those due to influenza virus, lassa fever ...19902267489
dogs, distemper and osteitis deformans: a further epidemiological study.there is extensive evidence linking paramyxoviruses, notably measles and respiratory syncytial virus, with paget's disease of bone. the epidemiology of paget's disease does not fit with that of known human paramyxovirus infections and it is possible that the disease is a zoonosis with domestic animals acting as host. canine distemper, a paramyxovirus of the morbillovirus family (closely related to measles) is therefore a potential candidate. we have surveyed previous pet ownership in 150 paget's ...19902268748
the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries. coordinated data group of bostid researchers.investigators from 10 countries studied the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) among children 0-59 months old. data on incidence rates, by age, gender, and season; on pathogenic agents; on case-fatality rates; and on selected risk factor findings are presented. incidence rates from six of the community-based studies ranged from 12.7 to 16.8 new episodes of ari per 100 child-weeks at risk, and rates of lower respiratory tract infection (lri) ranged from 0.2 to 3.4 new episode ...19902270410
etiologic and clinical evaluation of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young argentinian children: an overview.this paper summarizes the first study on clinical, etiologic, and epidemiologic features of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in children in argentina. a total of 1,003 children less than 5 years of age (805 inpatients and 198 outpatients) presenting with alri were studied during a 40-month period. nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa), blood, urine, and throat-swab samples were collected when each child was first seen for care. virologic studies were performed on the npa by means of indire ...19902270411
acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients with diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh.this study focused on 401 children less than 5 years old who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) and diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh, and who were investigated for the presence of both bacterial and viral respiratory tract pathogens as well as for selected diarrheal pathogens. the most common manifestations of alri were pneumonia (374 cases), bronchiolitis (12 cases), and tracheobronchitis (11 cases). the majority (77%) of the illnesses were in children less than ...19902270412
diagnoses of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in rawalpindi and islamabad, pakistan.a hospital-based inpatient and outpatient study of 1,492 cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) was conducted from november 1986 to march 1988 in two hospitals in rawalpindi and islamabad, pakistan. specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate were processed for viral studies in all cases; blood cultures were performed in 1,331 cases; and urine was obtained for detection of bacterial antigen in 378 cases, but 227 of these samples had bacterial contamination and were discarded. respirato ...19902270413
microbial agents associated with pneumonia in children from uruguay.the etiology of severe pneumonia, not frequently encountered in a community-based study, was determined in 204 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age. potential pathogens were identified in 41% of episodes. viruses were isolated or antigen was detected in 36.3% of cases; 82.4% of these cases were due to respiratory syncytial virus. bacteria or bacterial antigens were identified in 13.2% of cases; streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were the most frequently identified bact ...19902270414
etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from alabang, metro manila.the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) was identified in 235 (43.8%) of 537 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age. clinical evidence of measles was found in 258 (48.0%) patients, of whom 59 had a second viral infection. a viral agent was identified in an additional 121 patients, so that a total of 379 (70.6%) had viral infections. after measles, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common respiratory virus. bacteremia was noted in 72 children (13.4%), occurri ...19902270415
patterns of acute respiratory tract infection in children: a longitudinal study in a depressed community in metro manila.the incidences of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) and acute lower respiratory infection (alri) were 6.1 and 0.5 per child-year, respectively, in children less than 5 years old in a depressed urban community in manila. the peak age-specific incidence occurred in those children 6-23 months old for ari and 6-11 months old for alri. age less than 2 years, malnutrition, household crowding, and parental smoking were associated with a statistically significant, though modest, increase in ari mo ...19902270416
acute respiratory tract infections among a birth cohort of children from cali, colombia, who were studied through 17 months of age.for this study, 340 children less than 18 months old from a low-income, urban neighborhood in cali, colombia, were observed from birth by means of weekly home visits to detect cases of acute respiratory tract infection. all suspected cases were confirmed by trained doctors in a special clinic. information on symptoms, signs, and potential risk factors was documented prospectively. etiologic agents were identified in cases of lower respiratory tract infection (lri). the overall incidence of acute ...19902270417
a community-based study of acute respiratory tract infection in thai children.a 2-year longitudinal study was conducted among the population of a socioeconomically depressed urban community in bangkok, thailand, from january 1986 through december 1987 to determine the incidence, etiologic agents, and risk factors associated with acute respiratory tract infection (ari) in children less than 5 years of age. data were obtained for a total of 674 children, who were visited twice weekly for detection of signs and symptoms of ari. during the first year of the study, throat-swab ...19902270418
identification of viruses in a study of acute respiratory tract infection in children from uruguay.for the purpose of identifying viral agents associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ari) in children less than 5 years old, a longitudinal community study was undertaken in montevideo, uruguay, from may 1985 to december 1987. this report includes results obtained by cell culture and immunofluorescence techniques for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a and b viruses, parainfluenza 1 and 3 viruses, and adenovirus. two populations were studied: children visited a ...19902270420
the two open reading frames of the 22k mrna of human respiratory syncytial virus: sequence comparison of antigenic subgroups a and b and expression in vitro.the sequence of the 22k mrna of strain 18537 of antigenic subgroup b of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was determined by sequencing cloned cdnas of intracellular mrna. comparison with the corresponding sequence of the a2 strain of subgroup a showed that there is 78% nucleotide sequence identity overall, that the amino acid sequence of the 22k protein is 92% identical between subgroups and that the 22k mrna of both subgroups contains a second, internal, overlapping open reading frame (or ...19902273393
immunoglobulin e responses and lung pathology resulting from aerosol exposure of calves to respiratory syncytial virus and micropolyspora faeni.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection of calves has been associated with a type-i hypersensitivity syndrome not unlike respiratory syncytial virus-associated pulmonary symptomatology in humans. to study the mechanism of pulmonary pathology in calves and define the relationship with both viral-specific ige response and ige titers to concurrent aerosol of micropolyspora faeni (mf) we subjected groups of calves to inhalation of mf during acute brsv infection. the calves were divided i ...19902276846
epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in young children from thailand.a prospective evaluation of the epidemiology and presentations of acute respiratory infections in children younger than 5 years of age admitted to children's hospital bangkok (1988 to 1989) was supported by the world health organization. there were 226 patients with the inclusion criteria: 1 to 5 years of age; duration of illness less than 2 weeks; no prior antibiotic therapy; and low socioeconomic status. the disease categories included: croup, 19 cases; bronchiolitis, 60 cases; and pneumonia, ...19902277743
monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassays for specific serum immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the fusion protein (f), attachment protein (g), and nucleoprotein (n) of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were evaluated for use as detector antibodies in immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm capture enzyme immunoassays. mab assays were tested against assays using polyclonal antibodies (pabs) with serum specimens from patients with and without evidence of recent rs virus infection. assays developed with n mabs were comparable to or better than pab assays for detec ...19902280004
[serologic response measured by complement fixation in children with acute respiratory infection].the aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of complement fixation for serological diagnosis of lower acute respiratory infections (ari) in small children in comparison with direct methods such as indirect immunofluorescence (iif) on nasopharyngeal aspirate and tissue culture isolation. sera from children under 5 year of age with ari were studied by complement fixation for 6 respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1 and 3). ...19902287713
cot deaths in canterbury (nz): lack of association with respiratory virus patterns.this study was done to see whether any association between sids and respiratory viruses might be more obvious in canterbury where the cot death rate is so high (about seven per thousand live births). the numbers of common respiratory virus identifications for the eight year period july 1981 to june 1989 were analysed for associations with cot death. the identifications were from inpatients at the christchurch public hospital and other community sources in canterbury. weak associations were found ...19902291729
analysis of genetic variability in human respiratory syncytial virus by the rnase a mismatch cleavage method: subtype divergence and heterogeneity.we have applied the rnase a mismatch cleavage method to the analysis of genetic variability among human respiratory syncytial (rs) viruses. antisense rna probes of the long strain were hybridized to total rna extracted from cells infected with other strains. the rna:rna heteroduplexes were digested with rnase a and the resistant products analyzed by gel electrophoresis. each virus generated characteristic band patterns with the different probes. comparative analyses of the cleavage patterns indi ...19902294636
serodiagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children as measured by detection of rsv-specific immunoglobulins g, m, and a with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.the diagnostic value of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga in sera from infants and children with proven rsv infection, from a control group, and from patients with symptoms of viral respiratory disease was analyzed. compared to virus isolation and rsv antigen detection methods, the sensitivity of this assay was 87% and the specificity was 79%. for igg alone, these were 45 and 92%, for igm alone th ...19902298874
viral infections and recurrences of febrile convulsions.to determine whether complicated febrile seizures occur more often in children with a proven viral infection, we performed viral examinations on 144 children with febrile convulsions, of whom 112 had simple and 32 had complicated seizures. a diagnosis of virus infection was verified in 46% of the former patients and 53% of the latter. three adenoviruses, one parainfluenza virus type 2 and one type 3, one respiratory syncytial virus, one echovirus type 11, one herpes simplex virus type 2, and one ...19902299489
bacterial tracheitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection and toxic shock syndrome. 19902302615
severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in older children.serious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease requiring hospitalization occurs primarily in infants younger than 12 months. the incidence, risk factors, and clinical features in older children have not been studied extensively. of 282 children hospitalized at our institution with severe rsv disease during a 3-year period, 62 (22%) were older than 12 months. these 62 older children were matched for sex, onset of illness, and hospital location with 62 hospitalized children younger than 12 mont ...19902305743
sequence comparison of the phosphoprotein mrnas of antigenic subgroups a and b of human respiratory syncytial virus identifies a highly divergent domain in the predicted protein.the sequences of the p mrna and protein of strain 18537 of antigenic subgroup b of human respiratory syncytial virus were determined by sequencing cloned cdnas of intracellular mrna. comparison with the corresponding sequences of the a2 strain of subgroup a showed that there was extensive sequence identity at both the nucleotide (80% identity) and amino acid (90% identity) levels. the p proteins contained a single divergent region (52% amino acid identity) flanked by highly conserved domains (96 ...19902307966
use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: the national experience, 1983 to 1988.in an effort to obtain data to provide the basis for the design of controlled clinical trials, we contacted all u.s. participants in the national ecmo registry to assemble the national experience on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during the past 5 years. twelve infants were treated at nine centers between 1983 and 1988. eight had been born prematurely, and five had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. the mean age at onset of infection with res ...19902308023
refractory congestive heart failure after ribavirin in infants with heart disease and respiratory syncytial virus.although treatment with ribavirin has been known to be associated with a decreased mortality in infants with congenital heart disease (chd) who have respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), few data are available regarding morbidity. we reviewed records of 10 consecutively hospitalized infants with chd during a recent rsv epidemic. despite the presence of left-to-right shunt in each patient, symptoms of rsv were respiratory at presentation. after ribavirin, decreased respiratory symptoms were found in ...19902308658
a seroepidemiologic study of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in turkey.in this study, a survey of cattle for neutralizing antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in turkey is presented. 490 serum samples were collected from several state farms and some private flocks in different regions of turkey. the serologic examination was done by the microtiter serum-neutralization technique. in this report, a positive serum antibody titer at dilutions of 1:2 was demonstrated in 226 (46.12%) of the 490 sera tested.19902311535
viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections in children in north india.two hundred and thirty children clinically diagnosed as suffering from acute respiratory infection were tested for four major groups of viral aetiological agents, i.e. influenza para-influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses using indirect immunofluorescence technique. at least one of the respiratory viruses was identified in 51 (22 per cent) specimens, which included influenza a in 6 (3 per cent), influenza b in 3 (1 per cent), para-influenza type 1 in 3 (1 per cent), para-i ...19902313777
association between respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks and lower respiratory tract deaths of infants and young children.the temporal patterns of respiratory virus isolations from 10 laboratories in the usa were compared with that of deaths of children less than 5 years old from july 1975 through june 1984. isolations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurred as yearly winter outbreaks; parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 isolations occurred as well-defined outbreaks every other year in the autumn; parainfluenza virus 3 isolations occurred throughout the year with periodic, increased isolations suggestive of outbreaks ...19902319164
respiratory syncytial virus in a community population: circulation of subgroups a and b since 1965.respiratory syncytial viruses were isolated from residents of tecumseh, mi, with illnesses of all severities during the periods 1965-1971 and 1976-1981. these isolates were grouped using one monoclonal antibody specific for each subgroup. all were identified as either subgroup a or b. subgroup a predominated in most years. no differences in age distribution or illness characteristics could be found between the subgroups. this study demonstrated that the currently recognized subgroups have been p ...19902319169
the 22,000-kilodalton protein of respiratory syncytial virus is a major target for kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes from mice primed by infection.recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the 22-kilodalton protein (matrixlike or 22k protein) or phosphoprotein gene from respiratory syncytial virus were constructed. these recombinant viruses expressed proteins which were immunoprecipitated by appropriate respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and comigrated with authentic proteins produced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. the new recombinant viruses (and others previously described containing the attachment glycoprotein, fusion, or n ...19902319650
molecular cloning of pneumonia virus of mice.cdna clones representing nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) have been generated. the sizes of the corresponding mrnas and a provisional transcriptional map of the virus genome have been determined. the apparent gene order is very similar to that of respiratory syncytial virus. the sequences adjacent to the 3' termini of the pvm genes were determined and are very similar to those of respiratory syncytial virus. several pvm gene polypeptide products have been assigned.19902319655
severe respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adult renal transplant recipient: successful treatment with ribavirin.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia may be a severe disease especially in immunocompromised patients. it is quite rare in adults. we report a case of severe rsv pneumonia in a 38-year-old male renal transplant recipient with successful outcome after ribavirin aerosol therapy.19902320966
isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from liver tissue and extrahepatic biliary atresia material.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was isolated from liver tissue in a 7-month-old infant with extrahepatic biliary atresia. to our knowledge this is the first report of rsv isolation from human liver tissue.19902320967
chest x-ray appearances in pneumonia and bronchiolitis. correlation to virological diagnosis and secretory bacterial findings.chest x-ray findings were related to virus diagnosis, age and secretory bacterial findings in 128 infants and children under 7 years of age with clinical pneumonia and bronchiolitis. they belonged to a cohort examined in connection with the introduction of rapid methods for virological diagnosis. seventy-six children had a virus infection diagnosed by examination of nasopharyngeal secretion and/or by serological methods. thirty-seven of these children were classified as having pathogenic bacteri ...19902321485
mechanical ventilation and respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19902334216
evaluation in chimpanzees of vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus.the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the two major protective antigens of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the f and g glycoproteins, were evaluated in chimpanzees. in previous studies in rodents and monkeys the f and g proteins expressed by the same recombinants were highly immunogenic and induced high levels of resistance to rsv replication following subsequent challenge. in contrast, in chimpanzees, a single intradermal immunization i ...19902336876
exposure of health care workers to ribavirin during therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections.health care workers (hcw) are exposed to ribavirin aerosol during therapy of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. to assess the degree of hcw exposure, we analyzed air samples from patient rooms and hcw personal breathing zones during ribavirin aerosol delivery by ventilator (two samples), oxygen hood (two samples), and a new vacuum exhaust hood (four samples). hcw exposure to ribavirin during aerosol delivery by ventilator or vacuum exhaust hood system was substantially lower th ...19902344173
screening for respiratory syncytial virus and assignment to a cohort at admission to reduce nosocomial transmission.to limit nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, a longitudinal intervention trial was instituted. nasal secretions or washes were screened for rsv antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and patients were assigned to an rsv-infected or an rsv-uninfected cohort. the baseline (preintervention) rate of 7.17 nosocomial cases of rsv per 1000 patient-days of care was used for comparison. despite continued infections in the community after screening was initiated, there ...19902348292
respiratory syncytial virus and ribavirin therapy: winter 1987-spring 1988. a report of 74 cases treated at providence hospital, anchorage, alaska.seventy-four pediatric cases of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection were treated at providence hospital, anchorage, alaska between september 1, 1987 and april 30, 1988. these patients are described with illustrative case reports. twenty-one patients were treated with ribavirin and these patients are further analyzed as a special interest group. a disproportionate number of the ribavirin treated group were alaskan natives. in the discussion we address concerns of possibl ...19902353740
respiratory syncytial virus infection in bone marrow transplantation: a case report (syncytial virus infection).the authors describe the case of a patient receiving a second bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed, in the early post transplant period, an interstitial pneumonia caused by respiratory syncytial virus. the patient promptly recovered, but radiological findings of interstitial pneumonia lasted for three months.19902358206
an outbreak of an influenza-like illness in a nursing home.as part of an ongoing infection surveillance program, data were collected on an outbreak of respiratory illness affecting 29% of residents in a 231-bed long-term care facility. viral titers could be collected on 60% of the ill residents and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was established in 14 of the symptomatic patients and was thought to be the probable cause of the outbreak. compared with previously reported long-term institutional outbreaks of rsv, there were significantly fewer cases of p ...19902358628
determinants of susceptibility to challenge and the antibody response of adult volunteers given experimental respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.the virulence and immunogenicity of a wild-type respiratory syncytial (rs) virus together with four temperature sensitive (ts) mutants derived from this isolate were tested by intranasal inoculation into adult volunteers. resistance to challenge correlated with neutralizing antibody titres in nasal secretions and to a lesser extent in serum. all ts mutants were reduced in virulence. mutant ts1b caused mild or asymptomatic infections yet induced antibody responses comparable with wild-type rs vir ...19902363300
productive infection of isolated human alveolar macrophages by respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and individuals with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies. airway epithelial cells may be infected with rsv, but it is unknown whether other cells within the lung permit viral replication. we studied whether human alveolar macrophages supported rsv replication in vitro. alveolar macrophages exposed to rsv demonstrated expression of rsv fusion gene, which increased in a time-dependent manner and co ...19902365811
elevated viral antibody titres in spontaneous abortion.to assess the possible role of virus infections in spontaneous abortion we undertook a prospective study of three groups of patients: women who had a spontaneous abortion; women seen in the antenatal booking clinic; and those undergoing therapeutic termination of pregnancy. venous blood was taken for antibody detection, cervical swabs for virus isolation, and in the cases of spontaneous and therapeutic abortion products of conception were sent for virus culture. the infectious agents studied wer ...19902369525
local antibody production and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with leukaemia.children undergoing therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) are at increased risk of severe viral respiratory infection, and some find it difficult to terminate virus secretion. this increased severity may result from a defect in the mucosal immune response. to test this hypothesis, nasal immunoglobulin secretion and specific antiviral antibody responses to infection with respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in children with all have been compared with those in a normal age-matched compariso ...19902370522
chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and viral infections in acute respiratory disease in a university student health clinic population.clinical and serologic data were collected on 667 university of washington students who presented to the david hall student health center between 1983 and 1987 with acute respiratory disease. sera were tested for evidence of acute or past infections with chlamydia pneumoniae strain twar, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. pharyngeal swab specimens were cultured for c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis, but ...19902372005
the small hydrophobic protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: comparison between antigenic subgroups a and b.the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the mrna and predicted polypeptide of the integral membrane small hydrophobic (sh) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus strain 18537 (a prototype strain of antigenic subgroup b) were determined from cloned cdna. at the nucleotide and amino acid levels there was 78% and 76% identity, respectively, with the previously described sh mrna and protein of strain a2 (a prototype strain of subgroup a). most of the amino acid substitutions occurred in the ...19902374008
paget's disease of bone and previous pet ownership in the united states: dogs exonerated.paget's disease of bone is currently believed to be the result of a paramyxovirus infection of osteoclasts. previously reported immunohistological data have suggested that a virus resembling either the measles virus or a respiratory syncytial virus is the probable causative agent, but no organism has been isolated or definitively identified to date. a recent study reporting an increased exposure to dogs during childhood and adolescence in a small series of cases from the north west of england pr ...19902376461
respiratory syncytial virus. 19902377106
respiratory syncytial virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. 19902380825
high-dose, short-duration ribavirin aerosol therapy in children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection.nine children (aged 6 weeks to 7 years) with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection received aerosal treatment with ribavirin, 60 mg/ml for 2-hour periods three times daily for up to 5 days. five children received treatment via an endotracheal tube and four via an oxygen hood. blood samples (3 to 17 per patient) and respiratory secretions (4 to 23 per patient) were assayed for ribavirin with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ribavirin triphosphate in erythrocytes was ...19902380833
induction of a neutralizing immune response to human respiratory syncytial virus with anti-idiotypic antibodies.anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies were raised in rabbits against monoclonal antibodies that recognized either f glycoprotein 47f or g glycoprotein 63g, 62g, or 74g of the human respiratory syncytial virus long strain. anti-id sera inhibited the virus binding of the immunizing monoclonal antibodies and in some cases the binding of other antibodies reacting with overlapping epitopes. the anti-id sera also inhibited virus neutralization mediated by the original monoclonal antibodies. affinity pur ...19902384917
detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected cells by in situ hybridization in the lungs of cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated virus or purified rsv f and g glycoprotein subunit vaccine and challenged with rsv.the replication of rsv in unimmunized cotton rats was evaluated by quantitating the amount of infectious virus in the lung and the number of rsv infected cells in a histopathological section of lung by in situ hybridization. rsv infected cells were detected only in alveoli and bronchioles and constituted only a small minority of the cell population. the temporal patterns of rise to the peak number of infected cells (day 4) and the peak titer of infectious virus (day 3) were similar. the clearanc ...19902385958
[seroepidemiologic studies of the agent of respiratory diseases in cattle].in a period of three years epidemiological studies were carried out in styria concerning the occurrence of antibodies against brsv (bovine respiratory syncytial virus), adeno i species 3-virus, adeno ii species 8-virus, pi-iii (parainfluenza 3-virus), ibr/ipv-virus and chlamydia. a total of 1376 serum samples were examined and showed different titers of specific antibodies against respiratory pathogens. 449 blood samples were submitted to serological examinations in the year 1984, 525 in 1985 an ...19902387232
establishment of an attenuated strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus for live virus vaccine.to develop a live virus vaccine for the prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus infection in calves, an attempt was made to produce an attenuated virus. the rs-52 strain of brs virus, isolated from the nasal secretions of a naturally infected calf, was subjected to serial passages in adult hamster lung established (hal) cells at 30 degrees c and the attenuated rs-52 strain as a live virus vaccine was established. the rs-52 strain multiplied better at 30 degrees c than at 34 or 37 ...19902391771
igg-subclass-specific antibody reactivity to respiratory syncytial virus polypeptides investigated by western blot.igg1 and igg3 subclass-specific antibody reactivity (abr) in serum samples obtained from infants and children in relation to acute lower respiratory disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was investigated by western blot. igg1 abr was directed against the nucleocapsid polypeptides vpn and vpp as well as against the glycoproteins gp48 (f1) and gp90. igg3 abr was directed only against vpn and vpp. in infants, a low igg1 reactivity against glycoproteins was observed. when ser ...19902392617
[a bronchiolitis epidemic caused by respiratory syncytial viruses].in the typical period of the year (autumn-winter 1986-1987) an outbreak of bronchiolitis in infants caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurred. the acute course of the illness, a severe clinical picture, and a very fast spread of infection called for the very rapid techniques for detecting the etiological agent. applying the direct immunofluorescent antibody test (dfta) in samples of nasopharyngeal secretions, rsv was found to be responsible for the epidemic. later the same samples of ...19902396494
impact of treatment guidelines on use of ribavirin.during the 1987 through 1988 seasonal peak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 177 courses of ribavirin were administered at st christopher's hospital for children, a tertiary care medical center in philadelphia, pa. charts were reviewed on 100 treated patients with proved or suspected rsv disease to determine adherence to american academy of pediatrics treatment guidelines. ninety-four percent fulfilled criteria for the risk of significant morbidity: cardiac, pulmonary, or immunodeficiency co ...19902396611
bronchiolitis in tropical south india.in a prospective hospital-based study of 328 children under 5 years of age with acute lower respiratory infections, 114 (35%) were diagnosed to have acute bronchiolitis. of them, 87 (76%) were less than 1 year and 107 (94%) were less than 2 years of age. signs of severe lower respiratory infections, namely tachypnea (respiratory rate greater than 50/min) and subcostal retraction, were present in 95% and 93%, respectively. of 88 children of whom roentgenographs were taken, 30 (34%) had evidence o ...19902396617
pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimentally infected lambs.twenty-four 6-8-week-old conventionally reared lambs were inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. infected lambs showed mild clinical signs characterized by slight serous nasal discharge, coughing, lachrymation and bronchovascular sounds on the middle part of the lung 5-9 days post-inoculation (pi). virus was isolated in nasal swabs from 9 of 24 lambs between 3 and 7 days pi. however, virus was recovered from tracheal and lung tissue of all lambs kill ...19902402874
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretions.the combined use of fluorescein-labelled monoclonal antibody and a cytocentrifuge for preparation of cell spots greatly reduced the time for rapid diagnosis, and improved the sensitivity and ease of detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus antigen in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions.19902407745
serological studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in feedlot cattle in south africa.serum antibody titres to bovine respiratory syncytial virus were determined in cattle (n = 282). samples were obtained at various feedlots and were collected in the 1989 and 1990 winter seasons, during the course of investigations into outbreaks of respiratory tract infections in feedlot cattle. results of the survey revealed an antibody prevalence of 43% to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. titres ranged from 1:10 to 1:1280 as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. the results ...19909022846
five field trials on the efficacy of a bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.five field trials evaluated whether immunization of beef cattle prior to weaning, at weaning, or immediately upon arrival at the feedlot with a commercial bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) vaccine would reduce subsequent treatment for respiratory disease.bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccination was associated with a significant (p<0.05) reduction in treatment rate in one of three groups of calves immunized prior to weaning (-12%) and in calves immunized upon arrival at the feedlot ...199017423523
successful management of sequential pulmonary infections in a cardiac transplant recipient.a case of a cardiac allograft recipient who had an initial combined pulmonary infection with cytomegalovirus, aspergillus fumigatus and nocardia asteroides, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin b and sulfisoxazole and followed by an episode of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis, is presented. this case illustrates the role of computed tomographic imaging in the recognition, diagnosis and monitoring of complex opportunistic pulmonary infections and the benefits of liposomal ampho ...199022553447
comparative serological response in calves to eight commercial vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial, and bovine viral diarrhea viruses.a field trial was conducted to compare the serological responses in calves to eight commercial vaccines against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and/or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). calves given ibrv, p13v, brsv, and bvdv vaccines had significantly higher antibodies to these viruses than unvaccinated controls; however, serological responses to killed bvdv vaccines were low. calves with preexisting antib ...199117423913
interleukin-1-inhibitor activity induced by respiratory syncytial virus: abrogation of virus-specific and alternate human lymphocyte proliferative responses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been shown to induce human mononuclear leukocyte (mnl) production of net interleukin-1 (il-1)-inhibitor activity. in the current studies of il-1-inhibitor effects, rsv-exposed cells were compared with autologous mnl that were sham-exposed or exposed to inactivated rsv or influenza virus (which induces net il-1 activity and commonly elicits effective homotypic immunity). exposure of mnl to influenza virus or inactivated rsv resulted in increased exp ...19911984478
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