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viruses and virus-like particles in the faeces of dogs with and without diarrhoea.negative staining electron microscopy was used to identify viruses in 157 normal and 29 diarrhoeal faecal samples collected from 156 dogs admitted to an animal shelter during an 8 month period (march to october) in 1982. seven distinct viral types were detected: 21-26 nm parvovirus-like particles, 28-31 nm astrovirus-like particles, a previously undescribed 34-35 nm "round" virus particle, coronavirus, coronavirus-like particles ( cvlp ), rotavirus and papova-like virus. parvovirus-like particle ...19846329156
rna electropherotypes of human rotaviruses from north and south america.between april 1979 and december 1982, viral agents were found in 231 of 695 children admitted to the texas children's hospital with gastroenteritis. electron microscopic analysis showed that rotaviruses were the most common viral agents, and a seasonal pattern of rotavirus disease was observed. the migration patterns of the rna segments of these rotaviruses on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels were compared with those of rotaviruses collected from other areas of the united states of america ...19846329538
studies of membrane glycoproteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 19846329847
enzyme immunoassays in which biotinillated beta-lactamase is used for the detection of microbial antigens.the performance characteristics of enzyme immunoassays are determined to a great extent by the enzyme-substrate system utilized for the immunoassay. beta-lactamases (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase ec 3.5.2.6) offer a number of advantages which might make them useful in immunoassay systems. we linked beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus with biotin and used the biotinillated enzyme to devise immunoassay systems for the detection of a number of microbial antigens. an assay system in which an ...19846325489
human rotavirus detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis versus enzyme immunoassay and electron microscopy after direct ultracentrifugation.the sensitivity of the counterimmunoelectrophoresis test with ncdv, wa, and sa-11 rotavirus antisera was 60, 60, and 67%, respectively. the counterimmunoelectrophoresis specificity was greater than 99%, but the low sensitivity is a limiting feature of this test as a first-line immunodiagnostic test for rotavirus detection.19846325493
estimation of rotavirus immunoglobulin g antibodies in human serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: expression of results as units derived from a standard curve.a method for estimating rotavirus immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies by assay of human serum samples at a single serum dilution was studied. antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the optical density of the reaction with a 1:100 dilution of each serum was expressed as elisa units of antirotavirus igg by reference to a standard curve. this standard curve was obtained by incorporation in each assay of five dilutions of a serum containing an arbitrary number of units of ...19846325495
relative frequency of rotavirus subgroups 1 and 2 in venezuelan children with gastroenteritis as assayed with monoclonal antibodies.monoclonal antibodies recently developed against the 42,000-dalton protein of two rotavirus strains were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the subgroup specificity of 252 specimens collected during a 45-month period from venezuelan children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. subgroup 2 rotavirus was shed by 85% of the children, whereas only 14% shed subgroup 1 rotavirus (one-half of them in a 3-month period). no differences were found in the occurrence of fever and vomiting ...19846325496
prevention of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in neonatal mice born to dams immunized with empty capsids of simian rotavirus sa-11.female cf-1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with a rotavirus vaccine consisting of noninfectious, purified empty capsids from simian rotavirus sa-11 and were given a booster dose at 14-17 days of gestation. the vaccinated animals developed high titers of rotavirus-specific igg in colostrum and milk. virus-specific iga titers were significantly (150-fold) lower, and virus-specific igm was not detected. these results contrast with those obtained in natural and experimental infections of the gas ...19846325551
effects of folic acid malnutrition on rotaviral infection in mice.a study was undertaken to determine if dietary deficiencies of folic acid would influence rotaviral diarrheal disease in infant mice. female mice were fed diets containing essentially no folic acid, 25% of a normal quantity of folic acid, or a normally recommended quantity of folic acid, beginning at time of breeding and continuing through periods of gestation and lactation. two-day-old infants from these dams were exposed to purified murine rotavirus or to sterile virus diluent and the severity ...19846324227
nucleotide sequence of gene segment 9 encoding a nonstructural protein of uk bovine rotavirus.a full-length ds cdna copy of uk bovine rotavirus gene segment 9, which codes for a nonstructural protein, has been cloned into the psti site of pbr322, and its sequence has been determined by cloning into bacteriophage m13mp8. gene 9 is 1076 nucleotides long and contains a single, long, open-reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 313 amino acid residues. the possible function of this nonstructural protein in virus replication is discussed.19846324473
[structure of the internal capsid of rotaviruses].several methodical approaches (negative staining, filtration by rotation, modeling, optic diffraction, and filtration of images) were used to study the structure of ther internal capsid of rotavirus and the structure and mutual arrangement of capsomers comprising it. the internal capsid of rotaviruses was shown to be constructed as a skew icosadeltahedron (left) with t-13 and to consist of 12 pentamers and 120 hexamers. the structural units (a total of 780) comprising capsomers are organized int ...19846324494
[epidemiology of rotavirus infections--a review]. 19846324503
penetration of different human pathogenic viruses into sand columns percolated with distilled water, groundwater, or wastewater.the adsorption of several enteroviruses and rotavirus sa11 to sand from an aquifer in the federal republic of germany was estimated in sand-filled columns loaded with ca. 10(7) pfu and run at a velocity of 2.5 m/day for 12 h. after either distilled water, groundwater, secondary effluent, or tertiary effluent was percolated, the sand core was slowly extruded out of the column and cut in 1-cm slices. the slices were eluted with nutrient broth, and the amount of viruses in the broth was estimated. ...19846324676
seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage.a seasonal distribution was observed for rotaviruses in sewage by using indirect immunofluorescence. levels were low from may through september and generally higher during winter and spring. in contrast, no seasonal pattern was observed for total enteroviruses. limitations of the indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme immunoassay for environmental samples are discussed.19846324678
[diagnosis of rotavirus-caused enteritis in animals using enzygnost rotavirus elisa]. 19846323122
characterization of a human pararotavirus.a virus isolate with the properties of a pararotavirus was found after routine analysis by rna electrophoresis of 658 samples of diarrheic feces from hospitalized infants and young children in mexico city. of the patients included in this survey, which was initiated in 1977, 29% excreted rotaviruses which were detected by their characteristic rna pattern after gel electrophoresis. the morphology and sedimentation coefficient of this pararotavirus, which was the apparent cause of a diarrhea with ...19846323312
molecular epidemiology of human rotaviruses. analysis of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in glasgow and the west of scotland 1981/82 and 1982/83.the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus infections in glasgow and the west of scotland during 1981/82 and 1982/83 was investigated by electron microscopy, elisa testing and rna migration pattern analysis. in 1981/82, rotaviruses of both the 'long' and the 'short' electropherotype (in different variants) co-circulated from the onset throughout the winter peak of the outbreak. approximately 80% of the children were infected during the first year of life. no differences in incidence were found betw ...19846323577
genomic heterogeneity of simian rotavirus sa11.a preparation of simian rotavirus sa11 was shown to contain, in addition to the normal 11 genome segments, an rna species with electrophoretic mobility slightly higher than that of segment 4. limiting dilution passages allowed the separation of two virus clones distinguishable from each other by the electrophoretic mobility of that genome segment. possible implications of this finding in virus behaviour and in the comparison of rotaviruses by rna electrophoresis are discussed.19846323623
primary structure of the neutralization antigen of simian rotavirus sa11 as deduced from cdna sequence.dna sequences complementary to the double-stranded rna coding for the neutralization antigen (glycoprotein vp7) of simian rotavirus sa11 have been cloned. the vp7 gene consists of 1,062 nucleotides, containing an uninterrupted coding sequence of 978 nucleotides which specifies a glycoprotein of 326 amino acids. the significance of a second possible initiation site 30 nucleotides downstream from the first is discussed. partial amino acid sequence of this glycoprotein showed unequivocally that the ...19846323768
characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins.virus-specific proteins were examined in cultured cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. by using antisera obtained from virus-infected animals, three major virus-specific polypeptides with molecular weights of 115,000 (115k), 80k, and 55k were observed. minor proteins of 45,000 and 38,000 daltons were also noted. tryptic peptide mapping indicated that the 115k and the 80k polypeptides were structurally related. the 55k protein was glycosylated and appeared not to be related to the 115 ...19846323770
effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rotavirus sa11.rotavirus sa11, suspended in tryptose phosphate broth with 2.5 mg of rhodamine b per ml, was aerosolized (collison nebulizer) into a rotating drum, and the aerosols were held at 20 +/- 1 degree c with the desired relative humidity (rh). an all-glass impinger with tryptose phosphate broth was used to collect 1-min (5.6-liter) samples of air from the drum. the virus was found to survive best at medium (50 +/- 5%) rh, where its half-life was nearly 40 h. the half-life of the virus at the low (25 +/ ...19846326670
serological characterisation of human rotaviruses propagated in cell cultures. brief report.fourteen strains of human rotaviruses were propagated in ma 104 cell culture using serum-free medium containing 10 micrograms/ml trypsin. eleven of the strains were provided by laboratories in japan and the u.s.a., and the remaining three from our own laboratory. the serological relationships between these strains were determined by rotavirus subgroup-specific enzyme-immunoassays (elisa) and neutralisation of infectivity with serotype-specific antisera. all the isolates clearly belonged to one o ...19846326712
[parasitologic, bacteriologic and virological studies of feces in diarrhea in 212 non-hospitalized children in dakar. application of the concept of mass opportunistic infections].a total of 212 stools specimens from diarrhoeal children were analyzed for the detection of pathogenic agents (parasites, bacteria and rotavirus). there were only 80 negatives specimens. in the 132 positive ones, a total of 192 pathogenic agents (81 parasites, 76 bacteria and 35 rotavirus) were found. there results are very similar to those obtained in the hospitalized children. the etiology of this african intestinal polymicrobism must be searched by comparison to the european monomicrobism . i ...19846327102
comparison of six methods for detecting human rotavirus in stools.the following six methods for detecting rotavirus in human faecal samples were compared: electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, immunofluorescence in cell culture, two enzyme immunoassays (rotazyme, enzygnost ) and a latex agglutination test ( rotalex ). specimens were collected from 112 children with diarrhoea. the relative sensitivities of the different assays for human rotavirus were as follows: electron microscopy, 84%; immunofluorescence, 86%; rotalex , 88%; rotazyme, 89%; immune ...19846327296
rotaviral gastroenteritis--some recent developments. 19846327843
rotavirus carriage, asymptomatic infection, and disease in the first two years of life. i. virus shedding.from september 1979 to july 1980 inclusive, rotaviruses were prospectively detected by electron microscopy (em) and elisa in 82 (29%) of 283 children under two years of age who were admitted to a general pediatric ward in paris. rotavirus was found in 43 (36%) of 119 children with diarrhea and in 40 (24%) of 164 children without diarrhea; thus of 83 children shedding rotavirus, 40 (48%) were not diarrheic. virus shedding that was not associated with diarrhea was observed in 71% of neonates, in 5 ...19846327844
rotavirus carriage, asymptomatic infection, and disease in the first two years of life. ii. serological response.serological response to rotavirus and virus shedding were prospectively studied in 179 children (neonatal to 24-month-old) upon admission to a hospital during an 11-month period. analysis of the evolution of igg and igm elisa titers revealed 24 cases of rotaviral disease (serological response and diarrhea), 13 cases of asymptomatic infection (serological response and no diarrhea), 36 cases of virus carriage (absence of a serological response), three cases of past infection, and six possible case ...19846327845
changing rna patterns in rotaviruses of human origin: demonstration of a single dominant pattern at the start of an epidemic and various patterns thereafter.the rna of strains of rotavirus obtained from patients hospitalized with diarrhea during two winter epidemics of rotaviral infection in successive years (november 1981 through april 1982 and december 1982 through april 1983) was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a single dominant electropherotype was found during the first two or three months of each epidemic. in contrast, various electropherotypes were identified during the latter portion of each epidemic. rna patterns of the rota ...19846327846
survey of human rotavirus propagation as studied by electrophoresis of genomic rna.rotavirus rna isolated from three different environmental sources during the winter of 1981-1982 was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. our results demonstrate the presence of novel rna patterns, the coexistence of multiple electrophoretic patterns in rotavirus isolated from samples from a given ward, and that spread of a given electropherotype is limited.19846327847
comparison of atypical rotaviruses from calves, piglets, lambs and man.some rotaviruses from calves, piglets, and lambs were detected by electron microscopic examination of faeces but not by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which relies on detection of group antigen. on further examination by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these viruses had 11 segments of dsrna, as had typical rotaviruses, but arranged in atypical patterns. from humans, three rotaviruses with atypical electrophoretypes were also detected. gnotobiotic animals were infected with atypical cal ...19846327887
hemagglutination by human rotavirus strains.human rotavirus isolates, kun , mo, and wa strains were found to agglutinate erythrocytes of the day-old chicken and adult goose, optimally at ph 6.6. only those fractions containing double-shelled rotavirus particles isolated by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium chloride had hemagglutinating activity. trypsin treatment decreased the hemagglutination titer of human rotavirus strains and conversely increased their infectivity. hemagglutination inhibition tests with antisera against type-specific ...19846327898
an electron microscope study of three-component immune complexes.immune electron microscopy has been used to examine the appearance of three-component complexes. the three components are antigen, supplied by two dissimilar viruses, antibody, and a secondary immune reactant. secondary reagents used in the study are antispecies immunoglobulin (anti-igg), rheumatoid factor (rf), and complement. each of these secondary reagents produced cross-linking between antigenically unrelated immune complexes, and it was found possible to distinguish visually the mixed comp ...19846327903
kinetics of viral replication and local and systemic immune responses in experimental rotavirus infection.rotavirus-seronegative mice were orally inoculated with murine rotavirus in order to study the kinetics of rotavirus replication and the relationship of viral replication to immunity and disease and to assess the effects of local and systemic antibodies on viral clearance and disease resolution.19846328025
a murine model for oral infection with a primate rotavirus (simian sa11).simian rotavirus sa11 was shown to replicate in the gastrointestinal tracts of infant mice after oral inoculation. clinical symptoms, histopathological changes in the small intestinal mucosa, and the type-specific humoral immune response were all characteristic of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis. the availability of this small animal model for the study of a primate rotavirus infection should expedite analysis of the immune response necessary for protection against challenge.19846328042
comparative sequence analysis of rotavirus genomic segment 6--the gene specifying viral subgroups 1 and 2.cloned dna copies of rotavirus genomic segment 6 from simian 11 (subgroup 1) and human strain wa (subgroup 2) rotaviruses have been used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the gene that determines viral subgroup specificity. both genomic segments are 1,356 nucleotides in length and possess 5'- and 3'-terminal untranslated regions of 23 and 142 nucleotides, respectively. the inferred amino acid sequence reveals vp6 to be a polypeptide of 397 amino acids in which more than 90% of the amino a ...19846328048
diagnosis of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis by rotavirus detection and serology.in 127 infants and young children suffering from acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, diagnosis of rotavirus infection was done by virus detection and serology. human rotavirus (hrv) detection was performed by direct electron microscopy (em), conventional immune electron microscopy (iem) and/or solid phase immune electron microscopy ( spiem ); rotavirus antigens were detected by indirect double-antibody sandwich (das) elisa and hrv isolation was attempted in ma-104 or llc-mk2 cell cultures. hrv ...19846328225
sequence homology between human and animal rotavirus serotype-specific glycoproteins.the dsrna gene segment coding for the major outer shell glycoprotein of a human rotavirus (hu/australia/5/77, serotype 2) was converted into dna and cloned into the psti site of the plasmid pbr322. the cloned gene was sequenced and found to be 1062 bp long with one long open reading frame capable of coding for a protein 326 amino-acids. when this gene sequence was compared to the published sequences of the corresponding genes of two animal rotaviruses, sa11 (simian) and uk (bovine), all three we ...19846328448
[value of fecal leukocyte studies in cases of acute diarrhea].the usefulness of screening for presence of fecal leukocytes has been investigated prospectively in 87 ambulatory patients with diarrhea. this simple test has proved valuable in helping to select patients for whom laboratory studies of stools for etiologic agents are indicated.19846328645
evaluation of elisa and electron microscopy for the detection of coronavirus and rotavirus in bovine faeces.enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with electron microscopy in the examination of faeces from experimental calves and showed 100 per cent agreement in the detection of 19 bovine coronavirus and 15 bovine rotavirus electron microscope positive samples. in a limited field survey of calf diarrhoea 75 selected faeces were examined independently by elisa and electron microscopy and the agreement between the two tests was 95 per cent for coronavirus and 84 per cent for rotavirus. a ...19846328730
[significance of rotavirus infections in dogs]. 19846328802
rotavirus infection in normal nursery: epidemic and surveillance.human rotavirus (hrv) epidemics have not been reported in normal full-term newborn nurseries in the us. this report describes an epidemic from april 27 to may 6, 1982 in which 23 infants were infected. diagnosis was confirmed with rotazyme (abbott) in 82% (23/28) of the neonates screened. five were asymptomatic; in the remaining 18 cases, the symptoms were usually mild and self-limited. transient shedding of the virus was found in 8% (4/52) of personnel screened, and only one of them was symptom ...19846567612
infantile rotavirus enteritis treated with herbal valeriana jatamansi (vj). 19846570505
treatment of rotavirus infection in tree shrews (tupaia belangeri yunalis) with herbal valeriana jatamansi (vj). 19846570506
[experiments to isolate cytopathic strains of bovine rotaviruses].experiments were carried out to isolate cytopathic strains of bovine rotaviruses. material from a total of 129 positive fecal samples, taken from calves affected with rotavirus gastroenteritis, was used to infect cell cultures. in the roller culturing of 19 of the positive samples in suspension of the ma-104 cell line in the presence of trypsin two cytopathic strains were isolated. the cell line used was more sensitive than the cells of calf kidney.19846330969
detection of enteric viruses in treated drinking water.the occurrence of viruses in conventionally treated drinking water derived from a heavily polluted source was evaluated by collecting and analyzing 38 large-volume (65- to 756-liter) samples of water from a 9 m3/s (205 x 10(6) gallons [776 x 10(6) liters] per day) water treatment plant. samples of raw, clarified, filtered, and chlorinated finished water were concentrated by using the filter adsorption-elution technique. of 23 samples of finished water, 19 (83%) contained viruses. none of the nin ...19846331313
serotype determination of human rotavirus isolates and antibody prevalence in pediatric population in hokkaido, japan.three different serotypes of human rotavirus isolates defined in our laboratory were compared by cross neutralization tests with human rotavirus serotypes established in the nih, u.s.a. the results clearly demonstrated that our three serotypes correspond well to their serotypes wa, ds-1 and m (or p). using the three serotype-specific rabbit antisera, all of the 16 strains isolated to date could be assigned to one of those three serotypes. the prevalence of human rotavirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 am ...19846331342
epidemiology of rotavirus infection in broiler chickens: recognition of four serogroups.in a longitudinal survey of 11 broiler flocks, rotavirus excretion was detected by direct electron microscopic examination of faeces in 10. in most of these flocks, rotavirus excretion was first detected during the third week of life. in some flocks, infection with 2 antigenically distinct serogroups of rotavirus was demonstrated. in a more detailed survey of a 34,000 bird broiler crop, rotavirus excretion was detected intermittently from 9-50 days. infection with 4 different rna electropherotyp ...19846331344
rotavirus survival in conventionally treated drinking water.samples of conventionally treated drinking water collected either as effluent (pe) at a treatment plant or out of a tap (tw) in our laboratory were seeded with simian rotavirus sa-11, which closely resembles rotavirus of human origin. the virus, grown in ma-104 cells, was suspended either in distilled water, earle's balanced salt solution (ebss), or tryptose phosphate broth (tpb), and added to the water samples to a final concentration of 5.7 x 10(3) plaque-forming units (pfu) per millilitre. af ...19846331622
[epidemiology of acute infectious diarrhea in switzerland (endemic diarrhea)].acute infectious diarrhoea and its etiology are described. toxin-induced diarrhoea, usually caused by foodstuffs, and travellers' diarrhoea (etiologically different from endemic diarrhoea) are mentioned. the epidemiology of acute diarrhoea in adults in switzerland, which has so far not been investigated extensively, is documented from results of our own prospective study. these results demonstrate that 30% of endemic diarrhoea cases in switzerland are caused by salmonella and campylobacter and 1 ...19846334358
[antimicrobial treatment of diarrhea of infectious origin].since dehydration is the most frequent complication of acute diarrhoea, fluid and electrolyte repletion are the most important components of treatment. in mild diarrhoea and cases where the etiologic agent is unknown there is no need for antimicrobial chemotherapy. indeed the benefit of an antibiotic has never been proven in these cases. moreover side effects can occur: change in gut flora causing chronic diarrhoea, selection of drug-resistant strains, pseudomembranous colitis, toxicity of the d ...19846594749
the isolation, propagation and characterization of tissue-cultured equine rotaviruses.from 105 field cases of diarrhea in neonatal or young foals, rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy (em) and/or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the feces of 65 foals on 16 different premises. elisa was performed with rotazyme test kits developed by abbot and company for the detection of rotaviruses. twenty-four field isolates from the feces of diarrheic foals with equine rotavirus infection as ascertained by em were placed in ma-104 cell cultures after pretreatment of the ...19846326375
isolation and characteristics of an equine reovirus type 3 and an antibody prevalence survey to reoviruses in horses located in new york state.reoviruses have been isolated from a number of species including human, bovine, feline, canine and equine. in most species they seem to produce mild to inapparent disease. we have isolated a reovirus type 3 from a foal with diarrhea. the virus designated the ralph strain has been propagated in both the ma-104 and a-72 cell lines. the strain produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in these cell cultures. tissue-cultured virus fixed complement in the presence of reovirus antibodies, but failed to do ...19846326376
[rotavirus enteritis in infants and children in five child care centers in hefei city--a one-year longitudinal survey]. 19853833375
rotavirus diarrhoea in children in chandigarh, india. 19853833914
aetiology of diarrhoea in malnourished children at kenyatta national hospital.3 groups of children aged 0-5 years were studied at kenyatta national hospital between september 1983 and september 1984 to determine the incidence of enteric agents causing diarrhea in infants and children. the 1st group consisted of children with diarrhea alone, the 2nd group had diarrhea and kwashiorkor, and the 3rd had diarrhea and marasmus. diarrhea occurring alone peaked in the 0-5 month age group; diarrhea and marasmus peaked in the 6-11 month group, and diarrhea and kwashiorkor, the 6- ...19853835063
[epidemiology of new rotavirus diarrhea in the hengyang district of hunan province]. 19853836741
[enteritis caused by rotavirus in adulthood and childhood. case studies]. 19853842761
[the role of rotaviruses in the etiology of acute diarrheal disease in children and soldiers]. 19853870991
prevention of gastrointestinal infections. 19853875084
interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: rotavirus and cholera immunization.the potential effects of rotavirus and cholera immunization (with an improved vaccine) on diarrhea morbidity and mortality among young children are reviewed using data from field studies and theoretical calculations. in developing countries, rotavirus may be responsible for about 6% of all diarrhea episodes and 20% of all diarrhea deaths in children under age 5. in industrial countries, these proportions may be higher. rotavirus immunization may reduce overall diarrhea morbidity rates by 2-3% ...19853876173
synergistic rotavirus and escherichia coli diarrheal infection of mice.experimental or naturally acquired subclinical infections with rotavirus caused a significant increase in mortality of infant mice after challenge with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli b44.19853881356
[use of colloidal gold in ultrastructural cytochemistry].colloid gold stabilized by macromolecules with various binding characteristics proved to be usable in transmission electron microscopy: nucleic acids localization was studied in tissue cultures after embedding by techniques autoimmune serum-protein a--gold and rnase--gold. technique with serum autoantibodies against double-stranded dna resulted in marking condensed chromatin. further experiments with ultrastructural localization of other autoimmune components seemed to be perspective and of diag ...19853882253
epidemic viral gastroenteritis: detection of rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay. 19853883065
rotavirus infection in a small community.serial titres of rotavirus specific igg and igm have been measured in children and adults living in a small community over a 2 1/4-year period. in all age groups the mean titres of rotavirus specific igg and igm rose and fell in parallel with the changes in frequency of gastroenteritis symptoms in the community but after the time when respiratory symptoms reached their peak. gastroenteritis symptoms were seen most commonly in the children but were also frequent in adults, especially the women. t ...19853884738
studies of metabolites in diarrheal stool specimens containing shigella species by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography.eleven diarrheal stool specimens and 10 control stool specimens from cairo, egypt, were studied by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (fpec-glc). four cases involving shigella sonnei, three cases involving shigella boydii, and four cases involving shigella flexneri were studied. the aqueous stools were centrifuged, extracted with organic solvents, and derivatized to form specific electron-capturing derivatives of carboxylic acids, alcohols, hydroxy acids, and amines. ana ...19853886695
treatment of acute diarrhea.the application of new pathophysiologic information to the treatment of diarrheal diseases has greatly enhanced the outlook for millions of young patients in many developing countries. this article outlines the basis and nature of these therapeutic advances in the belief that they are relevant, not only in asia and south america, but also throughout north america.19853887306
experimental infection of broiler chickens with rotavirus. 19853888341
characterization of the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis.in the first part of the present study the coliform and enteric bacilli in the environment of calves with colibacillosis were examined. the occurrence, number, and pathogenic properties of escherichia coli in barnyard soils were obtained from six cattle ranches. the o and k serogroups of e. coli isolates obtained from the feces of calves with colibacillosis born at these cattle ranches were determined, and their serotypes were compared with the e. coli o and k serotypes found in soils. the resul ...19853890744
enteropathogens colonisation of the jejunum in paediatric diarrhoea. 19853891608
rotaviruses infection. 19853892504
etiology and epidemiology of diarrheal diseases in the united states.accurate data on the frequency of acute diarrheal illness and the distribution of pathogens are not available for several reasons, including the facts that only a small fraction of cases come to the attention of physicians and that available diagnostic tests establish an etiology in only about half of these. in a survey of three groups of patients in a community (upper-middle class and lower class outpatients and hospitalized infants), a possible cause was found in fewer than 20 percent of outpa ...19853893118
clinical efficacy of the rit 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine in infants vaccinated before a rotavirus epidemic.in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 331 infants aged 6 to 12 months received orally, at an interval of 1 month, either two doses of live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine strain rit 4237 or equivalent placebo. the vaccinations were carried out during september to november, a non-rotavirus season; only three cases of rotavirus diarrhea occurred in the study group before the vaccinations were completed. during the epidemic season from december to may, 31 patients with clinic ...19853894608
confirmatory testing of rotazyme results in neonates. 19853894609
[new protagonists of infectious diarrhea in childhood. pathogenetic and clinical aspects]. 19853894902
influence of rotaviral diarrhea on some bacterial functions in the intestine of conventional mice. 19853895234
[evaluation of a new latex test for detecting human rotaviruses in feces].we have sought the presence of rotavirus in 237 fecal samples. three techniques were applied to each sample: elisa, latex agglutination (ltx) with two reagents (rotalex and slidexrotakit), and electron microscopy after negative staining. the specificity of elisa and ltx is very good (more than 93.4 per cent), the sensitivity is decreasing from elisa to slidexrotakit and rotalex (respectively 83.6-74.5 and 67.3 per cent). the advantages of ltx include rapidity, simplicity, low cost price.19853900888
a comparative trial of cholestyramine and loperamide for acute diarrhoea in infants treated as outpatients.infants aged 4 to 36 months with acute diarrhoea (rotavirus 66%) were treated as outpatients with oral fluids and a rapid return to full feedings. in addition, the infants were randomized to receive for 3 days either cholestyramine 2 g twice daily (n = 10), an equivalent placebo 2 g twice daily (n = 15), or loperamide 0.10 mg/kg divided in three doses (n = 16). the duration of watery diarrhoea from the beginning of treatment was 0.9 +/- 1.0 days in the cholestyramine group, 2.5 +/- 1.3 days in t ...19853901661
rotavirus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infections of calves on a closed finnish dairy farm. 19853904367
acute childhood diarrhoea in naples: an aetiologic study.a potential aetiologic agent was detected in the stools of 56% of 118 children hospitalized in naples for acute diarrhoea. rotavirus and salmonella were the agents most commonly associated with disease, accounting for 23 and 17 percent of cases, respectively. campylobacter jejuni, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, yersinia and shigella were less frequently isolated (total, 11% of cases). these findings fit well with the epidemiological picture described for other developed countries, except for ...19853906366
gastrointestinal diseases of foals.few foals escape gastrointestinal disease during the first weeks of life. diarrhea is an extremely common problem; fortunately, however, it is usually mild and self-limiting. when it is not, the underlying cause is often an infectious agent, such as rotavirus or salmonella spp. our understanding of many of the infectious agents causing neonatal diarrhea is far from complete. gastric and duodenal ulcers are a less common disease of neonatal foals. there has been an apparent increase in the incide ...19853907766
[acetone-celloidin method for the cytological and immunofluorescent study of cell cultures infected with various viruses].a method was worked out for the extraction of a cell monolayer from test tubes with the use of 10 per cent acetone solution of celloidin. this made it possible to carry out parallel cytologic and immunofluorescent studies of cultures infected with various viruses. in contrast to the alcohol-ether celloidin used in histology the use of the acetone solution of celloidin, suggested by us, preserved to a larger extent the viruses of different structure and composition, and, therefore, was shown to b ...19853909629
studies on the etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea in riyadh. 19853910579
new enteric vaccines: application of new knowledge of receptors and recognition in enteric infections.advances in understanding of the "receptors and recognition" mechanisms of virulence factors of enteric pathogens have been important in the development of enteric vaccines. sophisticated techniques of molecular biology have proved essential to this endeavour. this review summarizes progress in development of vaccines against disease due to vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella and rotavirus enteric infections. all of these vaccines are undergoing, or are about to undergo ...19853913065
plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin levels in gnotobiotic calves infected with enteropathogenic and non-enteropathogenic viruses.five gnotobiotic calves were each infected with five viruses. each calf was inoculated with coronavirus at seven days old, followed by astrovirus, newbury agent, parainfluenzavirus type 3 and rotavirus at intervals of two weeks. three of the viruses were enteropathogenic (bovine coronavirus, bovine calici-like virus and bovine rotavirus) and two were not (bovine astrovirus and parainfluenzavirus type 3). plasma levels of the peptide hormones enteroglucagon and neurotensin and faecal output were ...19853919434
[phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes in calves from birth to 3 months of age].forty-three calves of various age from the day of birth to the age of three months were subjected to the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (hema) particle phagocytosis test. significant differences in the phagocytic activity of blood leucocytes were recorded, all depending on age. new-born calves had very low phagocytic activity: only 16.5% of the leucocytes were found to be phagocytic, the phagocytic index being 0.39. a rapid increase in phagocytic activity was recorded during the subsequent days. at ...19853927564
[the submucous plexus (meissner) in the calf. ii. light and electron microscopic study following monoinfection or mixed infection with rotaviruses and enterotoxic e. coli]. 19853927635
aetiological agents of diarrhoea in infancy and early childhood. 19853934414
intestinal carriage of bacillus cereus: faecal isolation studies in three population groups.the results of examinations of stools for bacillus cereus among three unrelated groups of individuals are presented. the groups consisted of (1) healthy school-children aged 6-11 years in a rural region of south africa examined during each of the four seasons of the year; (2) 15 healthy volunteers comprising staff of a london microbiology laboratory and their families examined on each of 3 consecutive weeks; (3) 75 unrelated young children, 2 months to 5 years of age, in a second rural region of ...19853937856
etiology of acute infectious diarrhea in a highly industrialized area of switzerland.during an 18-mo period between 1981 and 1982, a prospective study was conducted in 119 adult patients with acute diarrhea. a diarrhea-inducing microorganism or toxin could be identified in 38.7% of the patients. salmonella sp and campylobacter jejuni were the leading agents that caused diarrheal illness in 25% of the investigated population. clostridium difficile was found in 6%, mainly after previous antibiotic therapy. rotavirus was rarely isolated and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were not ...19853964774
correlates of infant death from infectious diarrhea in the southeastern united states.infectious diarrhea (id) caused 242 infant deaths in south carolina between 1970 and 1978, and is still a significant cause of death in the southeastern united states. therefore, using south carolina death certificates from 1970 to 1978 and the state's linked birth/death certificate file, we sought prenatal and postnatal characteristics that might predict death from gastroenteritis in the first year of life. accuracy of diagnoses was verified from the original death certificates and in a sample ...19853966168
rotazyme test in neonates. 19853968627
rotaviruses and immunobiological failures. 19853973411
viral diarrhea. 19853975080
waterborne disease in colorado: three years' surveillance and 18 outbreaks.the colorado department of health conducted intensive surveillance for waterborne diseases during the three-year period july 1, 1980-june 30, 1983. eighteen outbreaks of waterborne illness were investigated. outbreaks involved from 15 to 1,500 ill persons. giardia lamblia was confirmed or suspected as the agent in nine outbreaks, rotavirus in one, and no agent could be identified in eight. seventeen outbreaks occurred on surface-water systems; none of these had adequate chemical pretreatment and ...19853976949
a probable case of rotavirus exanthem.a generalized maculopapular exanthem and signs of hepatitis developed in a 28-year-old man one week after his two sons had suffered from rotavirus gastroenteritis. the patient's serum contained rotavirus antibody at titers of 1:256 and 1:512. other known causes of exanthemata were excluded by clinical and laboratory investigations. the epidemiologic evidence and the results of serological tests suggested that the rotavirus caused the patient's exanthem.19853977344
rotavirus infection in children with diarrhoea admitted to a general hospital in metro toronto. 19853978522
outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis in a james bay cree community. 19853978523
nosocomial acute gastroenteritis in a paediatric department, with special reference to rotavirus infections.nosocomial acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus as well as by non-rotavirus gastroenteritis was registered during a 12-month period in the paediatric department of a district hospital. the number of patients in the two groups amounted to 27% (rotavirus) and 7% (non-rotavirus) of the total number of patients hospitalised with the corresponding type of acute gastroenteritis. the seasonal and age distributions for the two types of nosocomial acute gastroenteritis followed the pattern of the re ...19853984733
clinical features in hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis. does the rotavirus syndrome exist?in a prospective study of children referred to hospital, rotavirus was identified in 37% of 128 patients with acute gastroenteritis. as compared with patients with non-rotavirus gastroenteritis, those with rotavirus gastroenteritis showed the following clinical characteristics: age between 5 months and 4 years. occurrence of the rotavirus infection almost exclusively during the winter season. severe vomiting. absence of gross blood in the stools. however, these signs did not form a safe basis fo ...19853984734
[vomiting as a clinical indicator of diarrhea caused by rotaviruses]. 19853986040
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