Publications

pigeon circoviruses display patterns of recombination, genomic secondary structure and selection similar to those of beak and feather disease viruses.	pigeon circovirus (picv) has a ~2 kb genome circular ssdna genome. all but one of the known picv isolates have been found infecting pigeons in various parts of the world. in this study, we screened 324 swab and tissue samples from polish pigeons and recovered 30 complete genomes, 16 of which came from birds displaying no obvious pathology. together with 17 other publicly available picv complete genomes sampled throughout the northern hemisphere and australia, we find that picv displays a similar ...	2014	24639400
the complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in south africa and comparison to other sequenced avipoxviruses.	two novel avipoxviruses from south africa have been sequenced, one from a feral pigeon (columba livia) (fep2) and the other from an african penguin (spheniscus demersus) (pepv). we present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content.	2014	24919868
mycoplasma columbinum isolated from a racing pigeon ( columba livia ) with arthritis.	a juvenile racing pigeon ( columba livia ) was presented with drooping of the wing and inability to fly. on physical examination, the right shoulder joint was swollen. the pigeon was euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. an excessive amount of fibrin was present in the canalis triosseus with severe arthritis of the affected shoulder joint. a pure growth of mycoplasma-like colonies was obtained on microbiological culture of the shoulder joint. a 16s ribosomal rna gene-specific polymerase chain ...	2014	25843324
genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions.	oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ...	2014	25262786
seroprevalence of paramyxoviruses in synanthropic and semi-free-range birds.	avian paramyxoviruses (apmvs) are classified into nine different serotypes (apmv 1-9). virulent strains of apmv-1 are already well characterized as the etiologic agent of newcastle disease (nd), an important disease in poultry that is potentially capable of infecting all orders of avian species. however, very little is known about the other eight serotypes, the majority of which can cause disease in domestic birds. the role of synanthropic and semi-free-range birds as reservoirs of avian paramyx ...	2014	25055638
thermoregulatory behavior is widespread in the embryos of reptiles and birds.	recent studies have demonstrated that thermoregulatory behavior occurs not only in posthatching turtles but also in turtles prior to hatching. does thermoregulatory behavior also occur in the embryos of other reptile and bird species? our experiments show that such behavior is widespread but not universal in reptile and bird embryos. we recorded repositioning within the egg, in response to thermal gradients, in the embryos of three species of snakes (xenochrophis piscator, elaphe bimaculata, and ...	2014	24561606
granuloma formation and suspected neuropathic pain in a domestic pigeon (columba livia) secondary to an oil-based, inactivated newcastle disease vaccine administered for protection against pigeon paramyxovirus-1.	a domestic pigeon developed a sterile granuloma following vaccination with an oil-adjuvant, inactivated la sota strain of newcastle disease. the aim of vaccination was to provide protection against pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (ppmv-1), a disease previously considered exotic to australia. granuloma formation is considered a rare complication of vaccination against ppmv-1 in pigeons. clinical signs consistent with neuropathic pain became apparent during the extensive management of the granuloma, which ...	2014	24766048
the antitrichomonal efficacy of garlic and metronidazole against trichomonas gallinae infecting domestic pigeons.	trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent of canker in pigeon. this work was carried out to investigate in the vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous water extract of garlic (age) on the growth of t. gallinae infecting pigeons compared to those of metronidazole (mtz). mtz and age were added, at different concentrations, to glucose-serum broth medium containing 1 × 10(4) trophozoites/ml. in the in vivo experiment, 48 squabs were grouped into four groups. the first group (gr. i) was not infected ...	2014	24488107
evaluation of a west nile virus surveillance and early warning system in greece, based on domestic pigeons.	in the summer of 2010 an epidemic of west nile virus (wnv) occurred in central macedonia, greece, with 197 human neuroinvasive disease (wnnd) cases. in the following years the virus spread to new areas, with a total of 76 wnnd cases in 2011, and 109 wnnd cases in 2012 (14 and 12 wnnd cases, respectively, in central macedonia). we established a surveillance system based on serological testing of domestic pigeons, using celisa confirmed by serum neutralization test. in central macedonia, pigeon se ...	2014	24503179
full-length cdna cloning and structural characterization of preproinsulin in alligator sinensis.	insulin is an important endocrine hormone that plays a critical physiological role in regulating metabolism and glucostasis in vertebrates. in this study, the complete cdna of alligator sinensis preproinsulin gene was cloned for the first time by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of cdna ends methods; the amino acid sequence encoded and protein structure were analyzed. the full-length of preproinsulin cdna sequence consists of 528 base pairs (bp), comprising ...	2014	25366775
molecular identification of cryptosporidium spp. in seagulls, pigeons, dogs, and cats in thailand.	zoonotic cryptosporidium spp., particularly c. meleagridis, c. canis, and c. felis, are enteric protozoa responsible for major public health concerns around the world. to determine the spread of this parasite in thailand, we conducted molecular identification of cryptosporidium spp. from animal samples around the country, by collecting and investigating the feces of seagulls (chroicocephalus brunnicephalus and chroicocephalus ridibundus), domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica), dogs, and cat ...	2014	25297887
does antibody binding to diverse antigens predict future infection?	we studied diverse antigen binding in hosts and the outcome of parasitism. we used captive-bred f1 descendants of feral rock pigeons (columba livia) challenged with blood-feeding flies (hippoboscidae) and a protozoan parasite (haemoproteus). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and immunoblots were used to test (i) whether pre-infection igy antigen binding predicts parasite fitness and (ii) whether antigen binding changes after infection. assays used extracts from three pigeon parasites ( ...	2014	25313676
an experimental test of the effects of behavioral and immunological defenses against vectors: do they interact to protect birds from blood parasites?	blood-feeding arthropods can harm their hosts in many ways, such as through direct tissue damage and anemia, but also by distracting hosts from foraging or watching for predators. blood-borne pathogens transmitted by arthropods can further harm the host. thus, effective behavioral and immunological defenses against blood-feeding arthropods may provide important fitness advantages to hosts if they reduce bites, and in systems involving pathogen transmission, if they lower pathogen transmission ra ...	2014	24620737
preliminary study on avian fauna of the krishna river basin sangli district, western maharashtra, india.	the present study on avifaunal diversity carried out for three years at the krishna river basin, sangli district revealed a total of 126 species of birds belonging to 30 families, of which 91 species were resident, 16 migratory, 12 resident and local migratory and 7 species were resident and migratory. among the migrant birds, rosy starling sturnus roseus was dominant in the study area. commonly recorded resident bird species were, red vented bulbul, jungle crow, house sparrow, common myna, brah ...	2014	25522499
racing pigeons: a reservoir for nitro-imidazole-resistant trichomonas gallinae.	trichomonas gallinae , the cause of avian trichomonosis, is most commonly found in the order columbiformes. racing pigeons are often treated preventively with nitro-imidazoles, which could result in the emergence of resistant isolates, and these isolates can be a threat to wildlife when exchanges occur. the sequence type of 16 t. gallinae isolates obtained from racing pigeons and 15 isolates from wild pigeons was determined based on the its1/5.8s rrna/its2 region sequence. in addition, the resis ...	2014	24456034
molecular characterization of trichomonas gallinae isolates recovered from the canadian maritime provinces' wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the european finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains.	finch trichomonosis, caused by trichomonas gallinae, emerged in the canadian maritime provinces in 2007 and has since caused ongoing mortality in regional purple finch (carpodacus purpureus) and american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) populations. trichomonas gallinae was isolated from (1) finches and rock pigeons (columbia livia) submitted for post-mortem or live-captured at bird feeding sites experiencing trichomonosis mortality; (2) bird seed at these same sites; and (3) rock pigeons live-capt ...	2015	25804862
immunohistochemistry and molecular epidemiology of avian paramyxovirus 1 from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of japanese doves (columba livia) affected with neurological signs.	four doves (nos. 1-4 birds) affected with neurological signs (ataxia, circling and torticollis) were investigated pathologically and microbiologically. viral isolation was tried from the tracheal and cloacal swabs of all 4 birds and from liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung and brain of nos. 1 and 2 birds. no viruses were isolated from 4 birds, but they had high serum antibody titers against avian paramyxovirus 1 (apmv-1). histologically, they had the characteristic histological changes of pigeon ...	2015	25816803
molecular phylogeny of some avian species using cytochrome b gene sequence analysis.	veritable identification and differentiation of avian species is a vital step in conservative, taxonomic, forensic, legal and other ornithological interventions. therefore, this study involved the application of molecular approach to identify some avian species i.e. chicken (gallus gallus), muskovy duck (cairina moschata), japanese quail (coturnix japonica), laughing dove (streptopelia senegalensis), and rock pigeon (columba livia). genomic dna was extracted from blood samples and partial sequen ...	2015	27175180
an accidental fatal attack on domestic pigeons by honey bees in bangladesh.	fatalities among avian species due to multiple bee stings are rare. sixteen pigeons on a farm in bangladesh each suffered multiple bee stings. ten of the pigeons died before treatment, 5 (4-11 stings) died within 12 hr after treatment, and 1 pigeon (only 3 stings) survived. body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, mcv, mch and mchc decreased significantly after the incident, but leucocytes, heterophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, ...	2015	26028022
avian poxvirus in a free-range juvenile speckled (rock) pigeon (columba guinea).	a flightless wild juvenile rock pigeon (columba guinea) with pox-like lesions was picked up on the premises of the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria, onderstepoort. the pigeon was housed overnight for possible treatment the following day but died before any other intervention could be instituted. at necropsy, coalescing masses of yellowish nodular cutaneous tumour-like lesions principally on the featherless areas were noticed on the dead pigeon's head as well as the beak. his ...	2015	26016787
birds generally carry a small repertoire of bitter taste receptor genes.	as they belong to the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates, birds have long been believed to possess an inferior taste system. however, the bitter taste is fundamental in birds to recognize dietary toxins (which are typically bitter) in potential food sources. to characterize the evolution of avian bitter taste receptor genes (tas2rs) and to test whether dietary toxins have shaped the repertoire size of avian tas2rs, we examined 48 genomes representing all but 3 avian orders. the tota ...	2015	26342138
mitochondrial genome sequence of egyptian swift rock pigeon (columba livia breed egyptian swift).	the egyptian swift rock pigeon is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. in this work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of egyptian swift rock pigeon. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,239 bp and its overall base composition was estimated to be 30.2% for a, 24.0% for t, 31.9% for c and 13.9% for g, indicating an a-t (54.2%)-rich feature in the mitogenome. it contained the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna g ...	2015	24438285
pigeons (columba livia) as trainable observers of pathology and radiology breast cancer images.	pathologists and radiologists spend years acquiring and refining their medically essential visual skills, so it is of considerable interest to understand how this process actually unfolds and what image features and properties are critical for accurate diagnostic performance. key insights into human behavioral tasks can often be obtained by using appropriate animal models. we report here that pigeons (columba livia)-which share many visual system properties with humans-can serve as promising sur ...	2015	26581091
change blindness in pigeons (columba livia): the effects of change salience and timing.	change blindness is a well-established phenomenon in humans, in which plainly visible changes in the environment go unnoticed. recently a parallel change blindness phenomenon has been demonstrated in pigeons. the reported experiment follows up on this finding by investigating whether change salience affects change blindness in pigeons the same way it affects change blindness in humans. birds viewed alternating displays of randomly generated lines back-projected onto three response keys, with one ...	2015	26284021
novel cathelicidins from pigeon highlights evolutionary convergence in avain cathelicidins and functions in modulation of innate immunity.	cathelicidins are short cationic host defense peptides and play a central role in host innate immune system. here we identified two novel cathelicidins, cl-cath2 and 3, from columba livia. evolutionary analysis of avian cathelicidins via phylogenetic tree and ka/ks calculations supported the positive selection that prompted evolution of cath2 to cath1 and 3, which originate from common ancestor and could belong to one superfamily. cl-cath2 and 3 both adopt amphipathic α-helical comformations ide ...	2015	26194630
bird richness and abundance in response to urban form in a latin american city: valdivia, chile as a case study.	there is mounting evidence that urban areas influence biodiversity. generalizations however require that multiple urban areas on multiple continents be examined. here we evaluated the role of urban areas on avian diversity for a south american city, allowing us to examine the effects of urban features common worldwide, using the city of valdivia, chile as case study. we assessed the number of birds and their relative abundance in 152 grid cells of equal size (250 m2) distributed across the city. ...	2015	26422260
comparison of a point-of-care glucometer and a laboratory autoanalyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in domestic pigeons ( columba livia domestica).	biochemical analysis is necessary for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in birds; however, the small volume of blood that can be safely obtained from small avian species often limits laboratory diagnostic testing. consequently, a suitable methodology requiring only a small volume of blood must be used. this study was designed to compare blood glucose concentrations in domestic pigeons ( columba livia domestica) as measured by a commercial, handheld, human glucometer and a standard autoanalyze ...	2015	26378663
more than one way to see it: individual heuristics in avian visual computation.	comparative pattern learning experiments investigate how different species find regularities in sensory input, providing insights into cognitive processing in humans and other animals. past research has focused either on one species' ability to process pattern classes or different species' performance in recognizing the same pattern, with little attention to individual and species-specific heuristics and decision strategies. we trained and tested two bird species, pigeons (columba livia) and kea ...	2015	26113444
convergent evolution of head crests in two domesticated columbids is associated with different missense mutations in ephb2.	head crests are important display structures in wild bird species and are also common in domesticated lineages. many breeds of domestic rock pigeon (columba livia) have crests of reversed occipital feathers, and this recessive trait is associated with a nonsynonymous coding mutation in the intracellular kinase domain of ephb2 (ephrin receptor b2). the domestic ringneck dove (streptopelia risoria) also has a recessive crested morph with reversed occipital feathers, and interspecific crosses betwe ...	2015	26104009
morphological properties of the last primaries, the tail feathers, and the alulae of accipiter nisus, columba livia, falco peregrinus, and falco tinnunculus.	we investigated the mechanical properties (young's modulus, bending stiffness, barb separation forces) of the tenth primary of the wings, of the alulae and of the middle tail feathers of falco peregrinus. for comparison, we also investigated the corresponding feathers in pigeons (columba livia), kestrels (falco tinnunculus), and sparrowhawks (accipiter nisus). in all four species, the young's moduli of the feathers ranged from 5.9 to 8.4 gpa. the feather shafts of f. peregrinus had the largest c ...	2015	25130288
avian poxvirus in a free-range juvenile speckled (rock) pigeon (<i>columba guinea</i>).	a flightless wild juvenile rock pigeon (columba guinea) with pox-like lesions was picked up on the premises of the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria, onderstepoort. the pigeon was housed overnight for possible treatment the following day but died before any other intervention could be instituted. at necropsy, coalescing masses of yellowish nodular cutaneous tumour-like lesions principally on the featherless areas were noticed on the dead pigeon's head as well as the beak. his ...	2015	28235295
in vitro development of haemoproteus columbae (haemosporida: haemoproteidae), with perspectives for genomic studies of avian haemosporidian parasites.	the evolutionary origin of wildlife and human malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) has been discussed for several decades. the lack of genomic data about species of wildlife haemosporidian parasites related to plasmodium limits the number of taxa available for phylogenetic analysis. genomic data about avian parasites of the genus haemoproteus parasites, the sister genus to plasmodium are still not available, mainly due to difficulties in obtaining pure dna of parasites inhabiting nucleated avian ...	2015	26297677
isospora serinuse n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (passeriformes: fringillidae) in western australia.	a new species, isospora serinuse n. sp., (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) is described from a single domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (subspecies s. c. domestica) in western australia. sporulated oocysts of isospora serinuse n. sp. are spherical or subspherical, 25.5 (24.4-27.0) × 23.5 (22.0-24.8) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.09; and a smooth bilayered oocyst wall, 1.2 μm thick (outer layer 0.9 μm, inner 0.3 μm). a polar granule is present, but a micropyle and oocyst resid ...	2015	26325434
genotypic and pathotypic characterization of newcastle disease virus isolated from racing pigeons in china.	a newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolated from an outbreak in racing pigeons in china was characterized in this study. complete gene of the ndv isolate was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis. pathogenicity experiment was carried out in pigeons, chickens, and ducks. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain clustered with the class ii viruses, has highly phylogenetically similar to ndv strains isolated from pigeons in china, but was distant from the viruses prevalence in chickens and vaccine ...	2015	25877412
genotyping of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates from naturally infected lofts of domestic pigeons in ahvaz by is901 rflp.	avian tuberculosis is one of the most important infections affecting most species of birds. mycobacterium avium can not only infect all species of birds, but also infect some domesticated mammals. the most crucial aspect of control and eradication scheme is identification of infection sources and transmission routs. molecular techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulse field gel electrophoresis have been shown to be much more discriminatory and suitable for use in the e ...	2015	26719782
isospora streperae n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a grey currawong (strepera versicolour plumbea) (passeriformes: artamidae) in western australia.	a new species, isospora streperae n. sp., (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) is described from a single grey currawong bird (strepera versicolour) (subspecies s. v. plumbea) in western australia. sporulated oocysts (n = 32) are spherical to subspherical, with smooth colourless bilayered oocyst wall, 1.0 µm thick (outer layer 0⋅8 µm, inner 0.2 µm thick). oocyst with a polar granule, an oocyst residuum and two spheroidal to subspheroidal sporocysts. oocyst length, 23.8 (20.4-25.0) µm; oocyst width, 22.5 (2 ...	2015	25620542
epidemiological survey of zoonotic pathogens in feral pigeons (columba livia var. domestica) and sympatric zoo species in southern spain.	a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of pathogenic zoonotic agents (flaviviruses, avian influenza viruses (aivs), salmonella spp. and toxoplasma gondii) in feral pigeons and sympatric zoo animals from córdoba (southern spain) between 2013 and 2014. antibodies against flaviviruses were detected in 7.8% out of 142 (ci95%: 3.7-11.8) pigeons, and 8.2% of 49 (ci95%: 0.9-15.4) of zoo animals tested. antibodies with specificity against west nile virus (wnv) and usutu viru ...	2015	26616657
isolation and characterization of a herpesvirus from feral pigeons in china.	a herpesvirus was isolated during a diagnostic investigation of severe cases of conjunctivitis in feral pigeons (columba livia f. domestica). isolates of the virus were recovered from throat swabs of the pigeons followed by inoculation of the swab samples in chicken embryo fibroblasts. pigeons inoculated with the isolated virus had similar clinical signs to those observed in naturally infected birds. transmission electron microscopy revealed viral structures with typical herpesvirus morphology. ...	2015	26542366
characterization of the first columbid herpesvirus 1 isolate from a hybrid meat-type pigeon flock in china.	infections of pigeons with herpesviruses have been described in several species of domestic and wild birds. in july 2012, increased mortality was observed in a hybrid meat-type pigeon flock in beijing, china. diagnostic tests led to the isolation of a virus designated columbid herpesvirus 1 bj strain (cohv-1bj). sequence analysis of the viral dna polymerase catalytic subunit gene revealed a single open reading frame of 3753 nt encoding 1250 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the co ...	2015	25298181
complete genome sequence of a newcastle disease virus isolated from a rock dove (columba livia) in the russian federation.	we report here the complete genome sequence of a newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolate, ndv/altai/pigeon/770/2011, isolated from a rock dove in the russian federation. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, this strain was clustered into genotype vib class ii.	2015	25635008
a review of the mite subfamily harpirhynchinae (acariformes: harpirhynchidae)--parasites of new world birds (aves: neognathae).	mites of the subfamily harpirhynchinae (acariformes: cheyletoidea: harpirhynchidae) associated with neognathous birds (aves: neognathae) in the new world are revised. in all, 68 species in 8 genera are recorded. among them, 27 new species and 1 new genus are described as new for science: harpyrhynchoides gallowayi bochkov, oconnor and klompen sp. nov. from columba livia (columbiformes: columbidae) from canada (manitoba), h. zenaida bochkov, oconnor and klompen sp. nov. from zenaida macroura (col ...	2015	26624161
avian influenza virus with hemagglutinin-neuraminidase combination h3n6, isolated from a domestic pigeon in guangxi, southern china.	the h3 subtype of avian influenza virus can provide genes for human influenza virus through gene reassortment, which has raised great concerns about its potential threat to human health. an h3n6 subtype of avian influenza virus was isolated from guangxi province, china, in 2009. all eight gene segments of the strain were sequenced. the sequence analysis indicated that this h3n6 virus was a nature reassortant virus. the genome sequences now can be used to understand the epidemiological and molecu ...	2015	25657287
wham: identifying structural variants of biological consequence.	existing methods for identifying structural variants (svs) from short read datasets are inaccurate. this complicates disease-gene identification and efforts to understand the consequences of genetic variation. in response, we have created wham (whole-genome alignment metrics) to provide a single, integrated framework for both structural variant calling and association testing, thereby bypassing many of the difficulties that currently frustrate attempts to employ svs in association testing. here ...	2015	26625158
the complete mitochondrial genome of the fancy pigeon, columba livia (columbiformes: columbidae).	the fancy pigeons are domesticated varieties of the rock pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of fancy pigeon for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,233 bp with the base composition of 30.1% for a, 24.0% for t, 31.9% for c, and 14.0% for g and an a-t (54.2 %)-rich feature was detected. it harbored 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 1 non-codin ...	2015	25629469
transfer between local and global processing levels by pigeons (columba livia) and humans (homo sapiens) in exemplar- and rule-based categorization tasks.	the present experiment investigated pigeons' and humans' processing styles-local or global-in an exemplar-based visual categorization task in which category membership of every stimulus had to be learned individually, and in a rule-based task in which category membership was defined by a perceptual rule. group intact was trained with the original pictures (providing both intact local and global information), group scrambled was trained with scrambled versions of the same pictures (impairing glob ...	2015	25150965
histologic evaluation of critical size defect healing with natural and synthetic bone grafts in the pigeon ( columba livia ) ulna.	fracture and bone segment loss are major clinical problems in birds. achieving bone formation and clinical union in a fracture case is important for the survival of the bird. to evaluate the efficacy of bone grafts for defect healing in birds, 2 different bone grafts were investigated in the healing of a bone defect in 24 healthy pigeons ( columba livia ). in each bird, a 1-cm critical size defect (csd) was created in the left ulna, and the fracture was stabilized with external skeletal fixation ...	2015	26115209
endoscopic vasectomy of male feral pigeons (columba livia) as a possible method of population control.	to evaluate whether single-entry endoscopic vasectomy of male feral pigeons (columba livia) significantly reduced fertility and would potentially be valuable for control of feral pigeon populations, 252 male feral pigeons were caught in the city of berne and endoscopically vasectomized. in this procedure, approximately 1 cm of the deferent duct was removed bilaterally. rapid, uneventful recoveries occurred in 94% (237/252) of the pigeons, whereas 6% (15/252) died because of complications associa ...	2015	25867661
the maturation of research into the avian hippocampal formation: recent discoveries from one of the nature's foremost navigators.	for more than 30 years, a growing number of researchers have been attracted to the challenge of understanding the neurobiological organization of the avian hippocampal formation (hf) and its relationship to the remarkable spatial cognitive abilities of birds. in this selective review, we highlight recent anatomical and developmental findings that reveal a hf design that defies any simple comparison to the mammalian hippocampus and leaves unanswered the seemingly enduring question of whether a de ...	2015	25850561
distribution of serotonin 5-ht1a-binding sites in the brainstem and the hypothalamus, and their roles in 5-ht-induced sleep and ingestive behaviors in rock pigeons (columba livia).	serotonin 1a receptors (5-ht1ars), which are widely distributed in the mammalian brain, participate in cognitive and emotional functions. in birds, 5-ht1ars are expressed in prosencephalic areas involved in visual and cognitive functions. diverse evidence supports 5-ht1ar-mediated 5-ht-induced ingestive and sleep behaviors in birds. here, we describe the distribution of 5-ht1ars in the hypothalamus and brainstem of birds, analyze their potential roles in sleep and ingestive behaviors, and attemp ...	2015	25843559
parasite distribution and early-stage encephalitis in sarcocystis calchasi infections in domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica).	pigeon protozoal encephalitis is a biphasic, neurologic disease of domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) caused by the apicomplexan parasite sarcocystis calchasi. despite severe inflammatory lesions of the brain, associated parasitic stages have only rarely been identified and the cause of the lesions is still unclear. the aim of this study was therefore to characterize the tissue distribution of s. calchasi within pigeons between the two clinical phases and during the occurrence of neur ...	2015	25338141
cues indicating location in pigeon navigation.	domesticated rock pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) have been selected for returning home after being displaced. they appear to use many of the physical cue sources available in the natural environment for map-and-compass navigation. two compass mechanisms that have been well documented in pigeons are a time-compensated sun compass and a magnetic inclination compass. location-finding, or map, mechanisms have been more elusive. visual landmarks, magnetic fields, odors, gravity and now also inf ...	2015	26149606
releases of surgically deafened homing pigeons indicate that aural cues play a significant role in their navigational system.	experienced homing pigeons with extirpated cochleae and lagenae were released from six sites in upstate new york and western pennsylvania on 17 days between 1973 and 1975 by william t. keeton and his co-workers at cornell university. the previously unpublished data indicate that departure directions of the operated birds were significantly different from those of sham-operated control birds (314 total), indicating that aural cues play an important part in the pigeon's navigational system. moreov ...	2015	26135609
histopathological changes in the kidneys of vertebrate hosts infected naturally and experimentally with paratanaisia bragai (trematoda, digenea).	paratanaisia bragai is a trematode parasite that reaches sexual maturity in the kidney collecting ducts of domesticated and wild fowl and whose intermediate hosts are the snails subulina octona and leptinaria unilamellata. there are some discrepancies in descriptions of the pathology of this parasite in bird kidneys. therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the kidneys of rock pigeons (columba livia) naturally infected and of chickens (gallus gallus) experimentally infected with parat ...	2015	26154968
on public influence on people's interactions with ordinary biodiversity.	besides direct impacts of urban biodiversity on local ecosystem services, the contact of city dwellers with urban nature in their everyday life could increase their awareness on conservation issues. in this paper, we focused on a particularly common animal urban species, the feral pigeon columba livia. through an observational approach, we examined behavioral interactions between city dwellers and this species in the paris metropolis, france. we found that most people (mean: 81%) do not interact ...	2015	26154622
pigeons (columba livia) fail to connect dots in learning biological motion.	biological motion point-light displays provide a powerful method for studying motion perception. nonhuman animals are capable of discriminating point-light displays, but it remains unknown how they perceive biological motion in these displays. we trained two groups of pigeons to discriminate video stimuli using two different classification rules. the motion-congruent group was trained to discriminate full-detail and corresponding point-light displays of pigeons from full-detail and point-light d ...	2015	26040957
feather bacterial load shapes the trade-off between preening and immunity in pigeons.	complex communities of bacteria inhabit the feathers of all birds. under normal conditions, individuals maintain a healthy state by defending themselves against these potential invaders by preening. the immune system is only triggered when bacteria gain access into the body. preening is, however, costly and may trade-off with investment in the immune system. to shed light on how birds balance the trade-off between immunity and preen secretions when facing high or low feather bacterial load, we e ...	2015	25881311
phylogenetic analysis of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 in pigeons in japan.	to understand the epidemiology of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (apmv-1) in pigeons in japan, phylogenetic analysis was comprehensively conducted based on partial fusion protein gene using isolate from the surveillance of this virus with previously known japanese pigeon strains. this surveillance was conducted using feces obtained from domestic pigeons collected in 40 prefectures throughout japan from june 2011 to march 2013. from a total of 1,021 samples, a single virus (apmv1/pigeon/japan/kan ...	2015	25797040
transfer of humoural immunity over two generations in urban pigeons.	maternal antibodies (matab) are known to provide passive protection early in life for young vertebrates but their effects on the development of offspring immune response across generations are still unknown. here, we investigated the effects of antigen exposure (keyhole limpet haemocyanin, klh) experienced by urban pigeon (columba livia) females on the amount of antigen-specific antibodies (abs) transferred into the egg yolk of their daughters and on the humoural immune response towards this sam ...	2015	26559513
personality and morphological traits affect pigeon survival from raptor attacks.	personality traits have recently been shown to impact fitness in different animal species, potentially making them similarly relevant drivers as morphological and life history traits along the evolutionary pathways of organisms. predation is a major force of natural selection through its deterministic effects on individual survival, but how predation pressure has helped to shape personality trait selection, especially in free-ranging animals, remains poorly understood. we used high-precision gps ...	2015	26489437
asymmetric visual input and route recapitulation in homing pigeons.	pigeons (columba livia) display reliable homing behaviour, but their homing routes from familiar release points are individually idiosyncratic and tightly recapitulated, suggesting that learning plays a role in route establishment. in light of the fact that routes are learned, and that both ascending and descending visual pathways share visual inputs from each eye asymmetrically to the brain hemispheres, we investigated how information from each eye contributes to route establishment, and how in ...	2015	26446810
spatial context learning in pigeons (columba livia).	in a seminal paper in the cognitive sciences, chun and jiang (1998) described the contextual cueing paradigm in which they used artificial stimuli and showed that people became faster to locate a target when the background predicted the location of a target compared to when it did not. here we examined contextual cueing in pigeons for the first time using artificial stimuli and procedures similar to those of chun and jiang. in the first test, we had pigeons search for a target among a display of ...	2015	26167773
characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the king pigeon (columba livia breed king).	the king pigeon is a breed of pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding primarily as a utility breed. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of king pigeon for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,221 bp with the base composition of 30.14% for a, 24.05% for t, 31.82% for c, and 13.99% for g and an a-t (54.22 %)-rich feature was detected. it harbored 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and on ...	2015	25648922
toltrazuril does not show an effect against pigeon protozoal encephalitis.	the protozoan parasite sarcocystis calchasi causes a severe neurologic disease in domestic pigeons (columba livia f. dom.) named pigeon protozoal encephalitis. recently, the parasite has also been reported in psittacines causing a virtually identical disease with fatal outcome. so far, an etiological treatment of s. calchasi infections in pigeons or psittacines is unknown. the present study evaluates the effectiveness of the anticoccidian drug toltrazuril against s. calchasi and the influence of ...	2015	25648444
electrophysiological mismatch response recorded in awake pigeons from the avian functional equivalent of the primary auditory cortex.	the neural response to occasional variations in acoustic stimuli in a regular sequence of sounds generates an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-modulated event-related potential in primates and rodents in the primary auditory cortex known as mismatch negativity (mmn). the current study investigated mmn in pigeons (columba livia l) through intracranial recordings from field l of the caudomedial nidopallium, the avian functional equivalent of the mammalian primary auditory cortex. auditory evoked fiel ...	2015	25646582
pigeons trade efficiency for stability in response to level of challenge during confined flight.	individuals traversing challenging obstacles are faced with a decision: they can adopt traversal strategies that minimally disrupt their normal locomotion patterns or they can adopt strategies that substantially alter their gait, conferring new advantages and disadvantages. we flew pigeons (columba livia) through an array of vertical obstacles in a flight arena, presenting them with this choice. the pigeons selected either a strategy involving only a slight pause in the normal wing beat cycle, o ...	2015	25733863
the complete mitochondrial genome of the ice pigeon (columba livia breed ice).	the ice pigeon is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of ice pigeon for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,236 bp with the base composition of 30.2% for a, 24.0% for t, 31.9% for c, and 13.9% for g and an a-t (54.2 %)-rich feature was detected. it harbored 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 1 non-coding control region (d-loop ...	2015	25722036
the complete mitochondrial genome of the jacobin pigeon (columba livia breed jacobin).	the jacobin is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding that originated in asia. in the present work, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of jacobin pigeon for the first time. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,245 bp with the base composition of 30.18% for a, 23.98% for t, 31.88% for c, and 13.96% for g and an a-t (54.17 %)-rich feature was detected. it harbored 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 1 non ...	2015	25690052
implicit learning in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and pigeons (columba livia).	there is considerable interest in the conditions under which human subjects learn patterned information without explicit instructions to learn that information. this form of learning, termed implicit or incidental learning, can be approximated in nonhumans by exposing subjects to patterned information but delivering reinforcement randomly, thereby not requiring the subjects to learn the information in order to be reinforced. following acquisition, nonhuman subjects are queried as to what they ha ...	2015	25673101
efficacy of nicarbazin (ovistop®) in the containment and reduction of the populations of feral pigeons (columba livia var. domestica) in the city of genoa, italy: a retrospective evaluation.	this study describes the results of a retrospective evaluation (8 years: 2005-2012) of the efficacy of the anti-fertility drug, ovistop® nicarbazin (800 ppm) added to corn kernels used to feed non-migratory feral pigeon colonies, columba livia var. domestica, in the city of genoa, italy. the observation interested 4 non-migratory feral pigeon colonies located into well‑defined areas of the city of genoa, italy. three of these colonies were treated for 12 months, with 10 g of drug (ovistop®) prov ...	2015	25842215
complete genome sequence of pigeon circovirus detected in racing pigeons in western japan.	we report the genetic analysis of a pigeon circovirus (picv/japan/2/2010) detected in a racing pigeon with diarrheal symptoms in western japan. sequencing revealed a genome size of 2,041 bp that contained 3 open reading frames (orfs), designated v1, c1, and c2, a structure consistent with to those of other pigeon circoviruses. phylogenetic analyses of the orf c1 revealed that picv/japan/2/2010 diverges from other asian pigeon circoviruses, suggesting genetic diversity of pigeon circoviruses in a ...	2015	26066052
sarcocystis calchasi encephalitis in a rock pigeon.	a rock pigeon (columba livia) caught in akihabara, tokyo, showed neurological symptoms, such as head tilt and circling. pathological examinations revealed abundant sarcocystic cysts in the skeletal muscle and myocardium with mild myositis, and numerous schizonts and sarcocysts with severe multifocal granulomatous t-lymphocytic infiltration in the central nervous system. a sarcocystis calchasi-specific gene was detected in the muscle and brain. this case indicates s. calchasi was distributed in j ...	2015	26062567
growth of embryo and gene expression of nutrient transporters in the small intestine of the domestic pigeon (columba livia).	the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between gene expression of nutrient (amino acid, peptide, sodium and proton) transporters in the small intestine and embryonic growth in domestic pigeons (columba livia). one hundred and twenty-five fertilized eggs were randomly assigned into five groups and were incubated under optimal conditions (temperature of 38.1 °c and relative humidity of 55%). twenty embryos/birds from each group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on em ...	2015	26055913
practice makes proficient: pigeons (columba livia) learn efficient routes on full-circuit navigational traveling salesperson problems.	visiting multiple locations and returning to the start via the shortest route, referred to as the traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem (tsp), is a valuable skill for both humans and non-humans. in the current study, pigeons were trained with increasing set sizes of up to six goals, with each set size presented in three distinct configurations, until consistency in route selection emerged. after training at each set size, the pigeons were tested with two novel configurations. all pigeons a ...	2015	24966123
predicting power-optimal kinematics of avian wings.	a theoretical model of avian flight is developed which simulates wing motion through a class of methods known as predictive simulation. this approach uses numerical optimization to predict power-optimal kinematics of avian wings in hover, cruise, climb and descent. the wing dynamics capture both aerodynamic and inertial loads. the model is used to simulate the flight of the pigeon, columba livia, and the results are compared with previous experimental measurements. in cruise, the model unearths ...	2015	25392398
[role of adenosine a(2a) receptors of preoptical area in realization of somnogenic effect of protein 70 kda in pigeons].	in representatives of class of birds (pigeons columba livia) using electrophysiological methods for the first time there was performed analysis of effects of microinjections into the hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptical area (vlpa) of antagonists of the adenosine a(2a) type receptors on the sleep-wale cycle under natural conditions and on realization of somnogenic effect of heat shock protein 70 kda (hsp70). the following has been established: 1) microinjections of adenosine a(2a) receptors ant ...	2015	25782283
stress-induced core temperature changes in pigeons (columba livia).	changes in body temperature are significant physiological consequences of stressful stimuli in mammals and birds. pigeons (columba livia) prosper in (potentially) stressful urban environments and are common subjects in neurobehavioral studies; however, the thermal responses to stress stimuli by pigeons are poorly known. here, we describe acute changes in the telemetrically recorded celomatic (core) temperature (tc) in pigeons given a variety of potentially stressful stimuli, including transfer t ...	2015	25479572
pigeons produce aerodynamic torques through changes in wing trajectory during low speed aerial turns.	the complexity of low speed maneuvering flight is apparent from the combination of two critical aspects of this behavior: high power and precise control. to understand how such control is achieved, we examined the underlying kinematics and resulting aerodynamic mechanisms of low speed turning flight in the pigeon (columba livia). three birds were trained to perform 90 deg level turns in a stereotypical fashion and detailed three-dimensional (3d) kinematics were recorded at high speeds. applying ...	2015	25452503
an age-related deficit in spatial-feature reference memory in homing pigeons (columba livia).	age-related memory decline in mammals has been well documented. by contrast, very little is known about memory decline in birds as they age. in the current study we trained younger and older homing pigeons on a reference memory task in which a goal location could be encoded by spatial and feature cues. consistent with a previous working memory study, the results revealed impaired acquisition of combined spatial-feature reference memory in older compared to younger pigeons. following memory acqui ...	2015	25449841
a three-stimulus midsession reversal task in pigeons with visual and spatial discriminative stimuli.	in a two-stimulus visual discrimination task with a reversal in reward contingencies midway through each session, pigeons produce a surprising number of both anticipatory (i.e., before the reversal) and perseverative (i.e., after the reversal) errors. in the current work, we examined pigeons' (columba livia) patterns of responding on a 90-trial, three-stimulus visual or spatial discrimination task with two changes in reward contingency (one after trial 30 and one after trial 60) during each sess ...	2015	25227939
evaluation of osteogenic potentials of avian demineralized bone matrix in the healing of osseous defects in pigeons.	to evaluate avian allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (dbm) in the healing of long bone defects as a function of geometry and time in a pigeon model.	2015	25656987
[medico-legal assessment of the injuries of fatal victims of building collapse at katowice international fair in katowice/chorzów on january 28, 2006].	on january 28, 2006, during an exhibition of carrier pigeons, the roof of one of the buildings at katowice international fair collapsed. at the time of accident, there were 700 people in the building--65 died and 171 were injured. it was the biggest building disaster in the history of modern poland. the aim of this study was to present the type (character) of the observed injuries, the cause of death of 48 fatal victims and the range of activities and medico-legal examinations performed in the d ...	2015	22117484
[effects of repeated convulsions produced by electroshock on the ovulation of the columba domestica].		2015	15441862
molecular cloning and characterization, and prokaryotic expression of the gnrh1 gene obtained from jinghai yellow chicken.	the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays an important role in the control of reproductive functions. recent studies have reported the occurrence of gnrh molecular variants in numerous species. in this study, the gnrh1 gene from jinghai yellow chicken was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and transformed into bl21 (de3) competent cells. the gnrh1 gene and amino acid sequences were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. the gnrh1 gene nucleotide sequence was discovered ...	2015	25867433
molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) in guangdong province, southern china.	to investigate the prevalence and assess the zoonotic transmission burden of cryptosporidium species in domestic pigeons in guangdong province, southern china, 244 fecal samples were collected from four pigeon breeding farms between june 2012 and march 2013. cryptosporidium oocysts were purified by sheather's sugar flotation technique and characterized by dna sequencing of small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene. cryptosporidium species were determined by comparison of sequences with corresp ...	2015	25773186
incidence of haemoproteus columbae in pigeons of jammu district.	haemoproteus columbae is the major protozoan infection reported in pigeon and appeared in the erythrocyte of the peripheral circulation. incidence and parasitaemia of h. columbae in pigeon was studied in different localities of jammu, india for a period from april to september 2010 using thin blood smear examination. of the 150 pigeons (wild: 70, domestic: 80), 92 (61.33 %) were found to be infected with h. columbae. domestic pigeon showed higher incidence rate (74.28 %) than the wild (50 %). ma ...	2015	26345046
identification and immune functional characterization of pigeon tlr7.	toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) is activated by single-stranded rna and synthetic imidazoquinoline components, and induces interferon production. in this study, we cloned the tlr7 gene from king pigeon (columba livia). the tlr7 open reading frame is 3144 bp and encodes a 1047-amino acid protein, consisting of a canonical tlr composition with 15 leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). amino acid-inserting modifications were found at position 15 of lrr2, lrr11, lrr13, and lrr14 and position 10 of lrr10. the tiss ...	2015	25874762
epidemiology of chlamydia psittaci infection in racing pigeons and pigeon fanciers in beijing, china.	over 3 million racing pigeons (columba livia) are registered in beijing city center for gambling purposes. during 2008-2010, we evaluated the occurrence and prevalence of chlamydia psittaci in racing pigeons as well as the possible zoonotic transmission to pigeon fanciers in six districts of beijing where pigeon races are particularly popular. c. psittaci-specific serum antibody titres were obtained from 370 pigeons and 79 fanciers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in addition, 206 and 67 ...	2015	25244602
detection and characterization of chlamydophila psittaci in asymptomatic feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) in central thailand.	to detect and characterize chlamydophila psittaci (c. psittaci) in asymptomatic feral pigeons in central thailand.	2015	25902021
[effects of the environment on health of feral pigeons (columba livia)].	we examined 80 feral pigeons and their fecal samples from two feral pigeon lofts of the "pigeon action of basel" (switzerland) for different pathogens. the tested material harbored four pathogenic agents transmissible to humans (chlamydia spp., salmonella spec., campylobacter jejuni, cryptococcus neoformans) in addition several pathogens were found which are no zoonotic agents but potentially pathogenic for the pigeons themselves, such as trichomonas gallinae, coccidia, helminths, ectoparasites ...	2015	25876285
occurrence of bacterial and viral pathogens in common and noninvasive diagnostic sampling from parrots and racing pigeons in slovenia.	airborne pathogens can cause infections within parrot (psittaciformes) and pigeon (columbiformes) holdings and, in the case of zoonoses, can even spread to humans. air sampling is a useful, noninvasive method which can enhance the common sampling methods for detection of microorganisms in bird flocks. in this study, fecal and air samples were taken from four parrot holdings. additionally, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as air samples were taken from 15 racing pigeon holdings. parrots we ...	2016	27309292
detection of chlamydia psittaci in feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) in slovakia and their characterisation.	chlamydia psittaci, an obligate intracellular bacterium, which is the etiologic agent of avian chlamydiosis in birds and ornithosis/psittacosis in humans, has been reported to be one of the most common pathogens found in feral pigeons worldwide, and thus constitutes a zoonotic risk. the aim of the study was to investigate pigeons in slovakia living in areas in close proximity to humans for the presence of c. psittaci, using pharyngeal and cloacal swabs.	2016	27007521
molecular survey on zoonotic tick-borne bacteria and chlamydiae in feral pigeons (columba livia domestica).	to determine the presence of zoonotic tick-borne bacteria in feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) from urban areas.	2016	27086148
prevalence and risk factors for campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., coxiella burnetii, and newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (columba livia) in public areas of montreal, canada.	feral pigeons (columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. a transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in montreal, quebec. cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of coxiella burnetii. an oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chai ...	2016	26733736
effect of haemoproteus columbae infection on the hemogram of the pigeons (columba livia domestica).	it has been reported that parasites affect the health and productivity of birds, initiate excessive preening which interrupts feeding, as the birds spend much time preening rather than being involved in other essential life activities. haemoproteuscolumbae occurs in pigeons widely in tropical and subtropical regions. the present investigation was concentrated on the effect of h. columbae infection on the hemogram and changes in the number of white blood cells in infected pigeons. blood samples t ...	2016	27876958
a first report of infestation by pseudolynchia canariensis in a herd of pigeons in shahrekord (southwest of iran).	pigeons (columba livia) have been kept as pet and reared for food in several countries including iran. ectoparasites are regarded as the basic causes of retardation in growth, lowered vitality and poor conditions of the birds. pseudolynchia canariensis a hippoboscidae fly is one of the important ectoparasites of pigeons and is responsible for the transmission of pathogens to birds and humans same as pathogenic protozoan haemoproteus columbae.	2016	27308301
hemosporidian parasites of free-living birds in the são paulo zoo, brazil.	numerous studies addressed the diversity of bird plasmodium and haemoproteus parasites. however, a few have been carried out in continental avian hotspot regions such as brazil, a country with markedly different biomes, including amazon, brazilian savanna, atlantic forest, caatinga, pantanal, and pampas. we present the first study on hemosporidian (haemosporida) parasites in free-living birds from an atlantic forest fragment where more than 80 avian species have been reported. within this area, ...	2016	26677094
lack of experience-based stratification in homing pigeon leadership hierarchies.	in societies that make collective decisions through leadership, a fundamental question concerns the individual attributes that allow certain group members to assume leadership roles over others. homing pigeons form transitive leadership hierarchies during flock flights, where flock members are ranked according to the average time differences with which they lead or follow others' movement. here, we test systematically whether leadership ranks in navigational hierarchies are correlated with prior ...	2016	26909176
[the taxonomy of the baku virus (bakv; reoviridae, orbivirus) isolated from the birds obligate parasites argasidae ticks in azerbaijan, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan].	the baku virus (bakv) was originally isolated from the ticks ornithodoros capensis neumann, 1901 (acari: argasidae) collected from the seagull (larus argentatus) seating nests on the islands of the baku archipelago, the caspian sea. bakv was assigned to kemerovo group (kemv) (orbivirus, reoviridae). the bakv was frequently isolated from the ticks o. coniceps canestrini, 1980, collected from l. argentatus and tern (sterna hirundo) nests in turkmenia and pigeon (columba livia neglecta) nests in uz ...	2016	24772642
drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium isolates from naturally infected domestic pigeons to avian tuberculosis.	avian tuberculosis is one of the most important infections affecting most species of birds. several mycobacterial species have been identified causing avian tuberculosis, and the organisms confirmed most frequently are mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium genavense. any species of birds can be infected with m. avium. generally, domesticated fowl or captive wild birds are affected more frequently than those living in the wild. m. avium can not only infect all species of birds, but can also infec ...	2016	28043565
surveillance for highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza virus in synanthropic wildlife associated with poultry farms during an acute outbreak.	in november 2014, a eurasian strain h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in poultry in canada. introduced viruses were soon detected in the united states and within six months had spread to 21 states with more than 48 million poultry affected. in an effort to study potential mechanisms of spread of the eurasian h5 virus, the united states department of agriculture coordinated several epidemiologic investigations at poultry farms. as part of those efforts, we sampled synanthr ...	2016	27812044