Publications

preferential pcr amplification of parasitic protistan small subunit rdna from metazoan tissues.	a "universal non-metazoan" polymerase chain reaction (unonmet-pcr) that selectively amplifies a segment of nonmetazoan small subunit (ssu) rdna gene was validated. the primers used were: 18s-euk581-f (5'-gtgccagcagccgcg-3') and 18s-euk1134-r (5'-tttaagtttcagccttgcg-3') with specificity provided by the 19-base reverse primer. its target site is highly conserved across the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes (including fungi), but not most metazoa (except porifera, ctenophora, and myxozoa) which hav ...	2009	15218702
3d structure of fish muscle myosin filaments.	myosin filaments isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus) muscle under relaxing conditions and viewed in negative stain by electron microscopy have been subjected to 3d helical reconstruction to provide details of the myosin head arrangement in relaxed muscle. previous x-ray diffraction studies of fish muscle (plaice) myosin filaments have suggested that the heads project a long way from the filament surface rather than lying down flat and that heads in a single myosin molecule tend to interac ...	2009	12064942
[new species of myxosporidians in the genus myxobolus (myxosporidia, myxobolidae) from cyprinid fishes of the amur river].	five new species are described as follows: m. haematopterus from gills, fins and skin of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. gibelio from connective tissue of gill filaments, fin rays and kidneys of carassius auratus gibelio; myxobolus waleckii from gills of leuciscus waleckii; myxobolus junchisi from gills, muscles, kidneys and spleen of cyprinus carpio haematopterus; m. alacaudatus of cyprinus and carassius myxobolus divergens carassii from gills, muscles, fins, and cartilaginous tissue of operc ...	2009	2947035
enhanced grass carp reovirus resistance of mx-transgenic rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus).	in the interferon-induced antiviral mechanisms, the mx pathway is one of the most powerful. mx proteins have direct antiviral activity and inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the viral genome replication cycle. however, antiviral activity of piscine mx remains unclear in vivo. in the present study, an mx-like gene was cloned, characterized and gene-transferred in rare minnow gobiocypris rarus, and its antiviral activity was confirmed in vivo. the full length of the rare ...	2009	19138747
purification and properties of ghrelin from the intestine of the goldfish, carassius auratus.	in goldfish, intraperitoneal (ip) or intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of synthetic ghrelin consisting of 12- or 19-amino-acid residues, deduced from its precursor cdna, with an octanoic acid modification at the third n-terminal serine residue (ser(3)), stimulates growth hormone release and food intake. however, native ghrelin generated from its precursor has not yet been identified in this species. therefore, we purified ghrelin from the goldfish intestine using acid extraction, cati ...	2009	19150635
simultaneous determination of microcystin contaminations in various vertebrates (fish, turtle, duck and water bird) from a large eutrophic chinese lake, lake taihu, with toxic microcystis blooms.	this is the first to conduct simultaneous determination of microcystin (mc) contaminations in multi-groups of vertebrates (fish, turtle, duck and water bird) from lake taihu with microcystis blooms. mcs (-rr, -yr, -lr) in microcystis scum was 328 microg g(-1) dw. mcs reached 235 microg g(-1) dw in intestinal contents of phytoplanktivorous silver carp, but never exceeded 0.1 microg g(-1) dw in intestinal contents of other animals. the highest mc content in liver of fish was in carassius auratus ( ...	2009	19249079
influence of dietary feeding of low monomer content grape seed extract on vitellogenin production and cholesterol levels in goldfish, carassius auratus.	grape seed extract (gse) is a source of naturally occurring compounds known as proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols, which are recognized to exert a protective effect on human health, so gse is widely used mainly as a nutritional supplement. however, polyphenols may have, in some cases, estrogenic effects or may interfere with the endocrine system. for that reason, it was considered of interest to investigate the beneficial or detrimental effects induced by low monomer content grape seed extract ( ...	2009	19256555
[study on the endocrine disrupting effect of dimethachlon].	in order to study the endocrine disrupting effect of dimethachlon (ndps) (estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity).	2009	19267069
herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis virus (cyhv-2) infection: case studies from commercial goldfish farms.	herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis is a disease of goldfish, carassius auratus, caused by cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (cyhv-2) infection. quantitative pcr was carried out on tissue homogenates from healthy goldfish fingerlings, broodfish, eggs and fry directly sampled from commercial farms, from moribund fish submitted to our laboratory for disease diagnosis, and on naturally-infected cyhv-2 carriers subjected to experimental stress treatments. healthy fish from 14 of 18 farms were positive with cop ...	2009	19309419
first description of a novel weissella species as an opportunistic pathogen for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) in china.	six strains of gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, irregular short rod-shaped weissella bacteria, with width and length of 0.5-0.6 and 1.2-2.7microm were isolated from diseased rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) in winter of 2007 at a commercial fishery in jingmen, hubei province, china. the diseased rainbow trout exhibited hemorrhage in eyes, anal region, intestine and abdomen wall, petechia of liver, some fish with hydrocele in stomach. six isolates had identical biochemical ...	2009	19321272
an evolutionary origin and selection process of goldfish.	many different physical characteristics of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus), such as celestial and telescopic eyes, fancy but uncontrollable shapes of tail fin, an unfittingly fat body, and loss of dorsal fins, provide us with a unique opportunity of studying artificial selection on phenotypic changes on the basis of molecular evolution. the aim of the present study is to elucidate the evolutionary origin and history of goldfish, taking into account the different characteristics of goldfish ...	2009	19027055
isolation and functional characterization of neutrophil-like cells, from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney.	neutrophils are one of the first cells to arrive at the site of inflammation and are central cells of innate immunity of vertebrates. upon activation, neutrophils are capable of producing an intense respiratory burst response, they rapidly degranulate in the presence of pathogens, and deploy neutrophil extracellular traps that efficiently remove infections agents. we report on the isolation, cultivation and characterization of neutrophil-like cells isolated from the goldfish kidney. neutrophil-l ...	2009	19046985
some remarks on the occurrence, host-specificity and validity of myxobolus rotundus nemeczek, 1911 (myxozoa: myxosporea).	myxobolus rotundus nemeczek, 1911 is a common and specific parasite of the common bream abramis brama (l.). small, round or ellipsoidal shaped plasmodia of this species develop in the gill and exhibit strong histotropism to the secondary gill lamellae with plasmodial development in their capillary network. m. rotundus is frequently found in mixed infection with m. bramae reuss, 1906, a parasite of the afferent arteries of gill filaments. the round spores of m. rotundus resemble several other myx ...	2009	19048408
regulation of body mass growth through activin type iib receptor in teleost fish.	myostatin is a tgf-beta family member that plays a key role in regulating skeletal muscle growth. previous studies in mammals have demonstrated that myostatin is capable of binding the two activin type ii receptors. additionally, activin type ii receptors have been shown to be capable of binding a number of other tgf-beta family members besides myostatin. an injection of a soluble form of activin type iib receptor obtained from cho cells into wild-type mice generated up to a 60% increase in musc ...	2009	19056390
the life cycle of myxobolus lentisuturalis (myxozoa: myxobolidae), from goldfish (carassius auratus auratus), involves a raabeia-type actinospore.	we studied a natural infection of the oligochaete branchiura sowerbyi beddard, 1892 with the raabeia-type actinosporean stage of myxobolus lentisuturalis dyková, fiala et nie, 2002 which infected goldfish carassius auratus auratus (l.) in italy, using molecular analysis of the ssu rrna gene. the existence of intraoligochaete development shows that this parasite follows the life-cycle pattern described by wolf and markiw (1984) for myxobolus cerebralis. histological examinations of the goldfish i ...	2009	19391327
molecular cloning and expression of two melanin-concentrating hormone receptors in goldfish.	melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) is a neurohypophysial hormone and induces melanin aggregation in the skin in teleosts. mch also has multiple roles in the central regulation of food intake in teleosts and mammals. mch receptors (mch-r) are among type i g-protein-coupled receptors. here, we cloned two mch receptors from goldfish, carassius auratus. the amino acid sequence of goldfish mch-r1 had 57-88% homology with fish mch-r1 and 49-50% homology with mammalian mch-r1, while the amino acid seq ...	2009	19397943
evolutionary history of the somatostatin and somatostatin receptors.	somatostatin and its receptors have a critical role in mammalian growth through their control pattern of secretion of growth hormone, but the evolutionary history of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors are ill defined. we used comparative whole genome analysis of danio rerio, carassius auratus, xenopus tropicalis, gallus gallus, monodelphis domestica, homo sapiens, sus scrofa, bos taurus, mus musculus, rattus norvegicus, canis lupus familiaris, ovis aries, equus caballus, pan troglodytes and ...	2009	19417543
molecular cloning and functional characterization of the first non-mammalian 26rfa/qrfp orthologue in goldfish, carassius auratus.	in this study, we used data mining approach to predict 26rfa/qrfp precursors from fish, amphibian, reptile and avian species and subsequently cloned a 26rfa/qrfp precursor cdna from goldfish brain based on the predicted sequences information. the goldfish 26rfa/qrfp precursor cdna encoded a propeptide of 168 amino acids (aa) with predicted signal peptide of 30 aa at n-terminal and putative mature peptides, including 26rfa (26 aa) and 7rfa (7 aa) located at the c-terminal. multiple sequence align ...	2009	19428995
[effects of nonylphenol on proliferation and anti-oxidative functions of carassius auratus primary culture hepatecytes].	the study on the proliferation and anti-oxidative functions of carassius auratus primary culture hepatecytes under effects of different concentration nonylphenol showed that at all test concentrations of nonylphenol, the proliferation of the hepatecytes was inhibited. high concentration (10(-3) mol x l(-1)) nonylphenol had significant inhibitory effect, and induced an apparent morphological alteration of the hepatecytes. nonylphenol upset the balance of hepatecytes anti-oxidative system through ...	2009	19459375
trematode centrocestus formosanus infection and distribution in ornamental fishes in mexico.	the aim of this study was to determine the ornamental fish species affected by the metacercariae of the digenean trematode centrocestus formosanus and its distribution in 48 fish farms in morelos, central mexico. the parasite was found to form various numbers of branchial cysts in 11 of the 25 species analyzed. goldfish carassius auratus was the most commonly affected species; 20 of 30 farms were positive for this parasite, the fish showing severe clinical signs and having a high mortality rate. ...	2009	19485122
development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in goldfish.	cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (cyhv2) has been associated with epidemic mortality among cultured populations of goldfish carassius auratus. as the principal target tissues are hematopoietic cells in the kidney and spleen, the disease is designated herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (hvhn). originally described from japan, the virus is present in at least five other countries and probably has a global distribution in goldfish. preventing the further spread of the virus via control programs that exploit ...	2009	19485127
genomic organization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 3 in grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella).	toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) participates in the innate immune response by recognizing viral pathogens. to investigate grass carp immune system responding to gcrv (grass carp reovirus) infection, the full-length cdna sequence and genomic organization of grass carp tlr3 (citlr3) was identified and characterized. the full-length genome sequence of citlr3 is composed of 5668 nucleotides, including five exons and four introns. the full-length of citlr3 cdna is 3681 bp in length and encodes a polypept ...	2009	19545638
innate immune response and disease resistance in carassius auratus by triherbal solvent extracts.	this study reports the effect of aqueous, ethanol and methanol triherbal solvent extract from azadirachta indica, ocimum sanctum and curcuma longa on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, respiratory burst activity, alternative complement activity and lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish (carassius auratus) against aeromonas hydrophila. fish were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of 0, 5, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) body weight of each triherbal solvent e ...	2009	19616631
effects of ecf-kraft pulp mill effluent treated with fungi (rhizopus oryzae) on reproductive steroids and liver cyp1a of exposed goldfish (carassius auratus).	the toxicity of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents (bkme) is usually attributed to chemical compounds which are produced and released throughout various stages of pulp and paper production. the main objective of the present work was to detect sub-lethal responses of goldfish (carassius auratus) to secondary treated bkme which was treated with rhizopus oryzae. a total of 96 carps (c. auratus; 11 +/- 3 g) were exposed to different concentrations of the post-treated effluent (0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and ...	2009	19621256
identification of estrogen-like effects and biologically active compounds in river water using bioassays and chemical analysis.	the nackdong river is the longest river in south korea and passes through major cities that have several industrial complexes, including chemical, electric, and petrochemical complexes, and municipal characteristics such as apartment complexes. along the river, the gumi region has an electric industrial complex and an apartment complex that may be possible point sources of xenoestrogens such as phenolic compounds. to identify the causative chemicals for estrogenic activity in the river water of ...	2009	19647290
vsx1 3' untranslated region-mediated translation difference at different developmental stages of goldfish embryos.	visual system homeobox-1 (vsx1) is important in retinal progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and function maintenance of bipolar cells in vertebrates. recent study in xenopus laevis has shown that vsx1 3' untranslated region (3' utr) can mediate cell-specific translation of vsx1 mrna in the bipolar cells of the retinal inner nuclear layer (inl). vsx1 is also transcribed at the early developmental stages prior to eye formation and its spatiotemporal expression patterns are conserved in all ...	2009	19683671
influence of cu2+-loaded silicate on the growth performance and microflora of crucian carp carassius auratus.	we investigated the effects of cu2+-loaded silicate (cls) on the growth performance, microflora of skin, gill and intestine, and intestinal morphology of crucian carp carassius auratus. a total of 225 native wild crucian carp, with an average initial body weight of 20 g, were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups using 3 replicate tanks of 15 fish per group. the dietary treatments were (1) basal diet, (2) basal diet + cuso4, (3) basal diet + silicate, (4) basal diet + 0.5% cls and (5) basal d ...	2009	19750812
[experimental establishment of life cycle of clonorchis sinensis].	to establish and maintain the life cycle of clonorchis sinensis in laboratory.	2009	19856506
bioassay-guided isolation and identification of active compounds from fructus arctii against dactylogyrus intermedius (monogenea) in goldfish (carassius auratus).	dactylogyrus intermedius is a significant monogenean parasite on the gills of cyprinid fishes and can cause serious problem in fish aquaculture. in the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify the active compounds from fructus arctii against d. intermedius. five solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water) were applied for the extraction of fructus arctii. among them, only the chloroform extract exhibited promising anthelmintic efficacy a ...	2009	19859737
are all koi ulcer cases associated with infection by atypical aeromonas salmonicida? polymerase chain reaction assays of koi carp skin swabs submitted by hobbyists.	infection by atypical aeromonas salmonicida is regarded as the cause of ulcer disease (kud) in koi carp cyprinus carpio and goldfish carassius auratus. however, other causes--including parasites, viral infection, and fungi--have been proposed. in our diagnostic work, we often fail to isolate a. salmonicida even when clear clinical signs of kud are present. this failure may be because these fastidious and slow-growing bacteria are difficult to isolate in culture or because the bacteria are not ac ...	2009	19873831
cell growth-promoting activity of fluid from eye sacs of the bubble-eye goldfish (carassius auratus).	the growth-promoting effects of fish body fluids, such as serum and embryonic extract, on fish cell cultures have been widely demonstrated. the bubble-eye variety of aquarium goldfish is characterized as having a large sac filled with fluid (sac fluid) under each eye. these sacs are believed to contain lymph, which is similar in composition to serum or blood plasma. in order to test whether the sac fluid can be used as an additive for fetal bovine serum (fbs) in growth factor supplements, we com ...	2009	19798918
the goldfish sg2na gene encodes two alpha-type regulatory subunits for pp-2a and displays distinct developmental expression pattern.	sg2na is a member of the striatin protein family. in human and mouse, the sg2na gene encodes two major protein isoforms: sg2na alpha and sg2na beta. the functions of these proteins, except for acting as the regulatory subunits for pp-2a, remain largely unknown. to explore the possible functions of sg2na in lower vertebrates, we have isolated two sg2na cdnas from goldfish, carassius auratus. our results reveal that the first cdna contains an orf of 2118 bp encoding a deduced protein with 705 amin ...	2009	19838339
evaluation of dairy-yeast prebiotic supplementation in the diet of juvenile goldfish in the presence or absence of phytoplankton and zooplankton.	prebiotics recently have been shown to increase immune responses and disease resistance in certain fish species; therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the commercially available dairy-yeast prebiotic, grobiotic-a, for use with juvenile goldfish carassius auratus. the study consisted of two 10-week feeding trials in which juvenile goldfish were fed practical diets that were either unsupplemented or supplemented with the dairy-yeast prebiotic at 2% by dry weight. juvenile fish wer ...	2009	20043400
effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with aeromonas hydrophila.	we report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish carassius auratus (23 +/- 2 g) against aeromonas hydrophila on days 15 and 30 post-infection. in infected fish, the administration of diets supplemented with either probiotics, tri-herbal extract or azadirachtin for 30 d significantly ...	2009	20183964
pharmacokinetics of morphine after intramuscular injection in common goldfish carassius auratus and atlantic salmon salmo salar.	teleost fish have a nociceptive system and likely perceive pain. this warrants the development of analgesic protocols both for experimental surgery and for various husbandry procedures. morphine is the standard analgesic against which the efficacy of other analgesics is assessed, and is the analgesic that has been most used in fish. the aims of this study were to describe the pharmacokinetics of morphine after an intramuscular (i.m.) injection in common goldfish and atlantic salmon, and to illus ...	2009	20183965
[epidemiological survey on clonorchiasis sinensis in an endemic area of south hunan province].	to make an epidemiological investigation on clonorchiasis sinensis and relevant factors in the south of hunan province.	2009	20232625
toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil in aquatic environment on carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant defense system.	under the indoor simulant conditions, toxic effects of crude-oil-contaminated soil which was put into aquatic environment on the young fishes carassius auratus and their hepatic antioxidant system after a 20-d exposure were investigated. results showed that the relationship between the mortality of c. auratus and the exposed doses could be divided into 3 phases: fishes exposed to the low dose groups (0.5-5.0 g/l) were dead due to the ingestion of crude-oil-contaminated soils in aquatic environme ...	2009	20108662
nucleotide sequence comparison of the predicted first exonic region of goldfish ras gene between normal and neoplastic tissues.	the first exonic and its flanking regions of a ras-related gene in cultured erythrophoroma cells and normal liver of goldfish (carassius auratus) were sequenced and their sequences compared. the two samples demonstrated identical sequences for the alu i fragment of 245 nucleotides, of which 70 nucleotides might correspond to the 5'-upstream segment and 64 to the first intervening sequence, indicating that the predicted exonic region encodes from the 1st to the 37th amino acids from the n-termina ...	2009	3029139
interocular transfer of preoperatively trained visual discriminations in goldfish (carassius auratus) following selective commissure transections.	goldfish were monocularly trained on either a red/green or circle/square discrimination task to show a differential classically conditioned cardiac deceleration. combined section of the minor and horizontal commissure was then performed in animals trained on the colour problem, and transection of the posterior commissure in fish which had acquired the shape task. both groups were then examined for retention and transfer. the results indicate that the engram for colour is fully represented bilate ...	2009	2713082
trypanosoma carassii hsp70 increases expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	we report on the cloning and characterization of trypanosoma carassii 70 kda heat shock protein (hsp70). t. carassii hsp70 was secreted/excreted into culture medium in vitro and was recognized by sera from infected fish. recombinant hsp70 (rhsp70) activated goldfish macrophages and stimulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interferon gamma (ifngamma), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, (il)-12 and chemokines ccl-1 and cxcl-8 (il-8). t. carassii hsp ...	2009	19527750
evolution of gustatory reflex systems in the brainstems of fishes.	the great number of species of teleosts permits highly specialized forms to evolve to occupy particular niches. this diversity allows for extreme variations in brain structure according to particular sensory or motor adaptations. in the case of the taste system, goldfish (carassius auratus l., 1758) and some carps have evolved a specialized intraoral food-sorting apparatus along with corresponding specializations of gustatory centers in the brainstem. a comparison of circuitry within the complex ...	2009	20160963
the effects of dopamine on temperature regulation in goldfish.	microinjections of dopamine (da) were made into specific forebrain loci in goldfish (carassius auratus: 40-85 g) to study the involvement of da in behavioral thermoregulation. injections of 25, 50, 100 and 250 ng da into the anterior aspect of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (npp) led to consistent, dose-dependent decreases in selected temperature. minor decreases or no effect on selected temperature was observed following injections of 5 or 10 ng da. injections of the control solution ...	2009	2738204
expression regulation and functional characterization of a novel interferon inducible gene gig2 and its promoter.	grass carp hemorrhagic virus (gchv)-induced gene 2 (gig2) is a novel gene previously identified from uv-inactivated gchv-treated carassius auratus blastulae embryonic (cab) cells, suggesting that it should play a pivotal role in the interferon (ifn) antiviral response. in this study, a polyclonal anti-gig2 antiserum was generated and used to study the inductive expression pattern by western blot analysis, showing no basal expression in normal cab cells but a significant up-regulation upon uv-ina ...	2009	19573926
co-localization of nitric oxide synthase and choline acetyltransferase in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus).	this work investigates the nitrergic and cholinergic systems in the brain and spinal cord of the goldfish (carassius auratus). we studied the immunohistochemical localization of antibodies against the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) and choline acetyltransferase (chat) by bright-field and confocal microscopy. nitrergic and cholinergic cells were segregated within the telencephalon, in both dorsal and ventral areas, and co-distributed in some nuclei of the diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhomb ...	2009	18804528
swimming in four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes: understanding functional design and performance employing artificially selected forms.	four goldfish carassius auratus morphotypes of similar length (50 mm): common (streamlined, full complement of paired and median fins, bifurcated caudal fin), comet ('common like' but with a long, deeply forked caudal fin), fantail (short, deep body with twinned caudal and anal fins) and eggfish (similar to the fantail but lacking a dorsal fin) were compared. drag, steady swimming kinematics, energetics, fast-start performance, stability in yaw and roll and propulsive muscle ultrastructural char ...	2009	20738559
sublethal effects of pesticide mixtures on selected biomarkers of carassius auratus.	in the present study, the in vivo effects of commercial propoxur alone and in combination with isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase and glutathione s-transferases activities in goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. brain and muscle ache activity was significantly inhibited (88% and 85% at most, respectively) by propoxur after 5 d of exposure at concentrations between 141 and 2263μg/l, bell-shaped concentration-response curves were obtained. in most cases, time dependence ...	2009	21784036
characterization of a novel tc1-like transposon from bream (cyprinidae, megalobrama) and its genetic variation in the polyploidy progeny of bream-red crucian carp crosses.	crossing the cyprinids diploid blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala (bsb) and carassius auratus red var. (rcc) generated sterile triploid (3nrb) and fertile tetraploid (4nrb) hybrid offspring. utilizing inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of transposon tdr1 from danio rerio as pcr primer, the results showed that evident change in the number of tc1-like transposons in 4nrb relative to bsb occurred, whereas such change did not arise in 3nrb compared to bsb. no tc1-like transposon was found in r ...	2009	19826746
calcium oscillations in the olfactory nonsensory cells of the goldfish, carassius auratus.	the olfactory nonsensory cells contribute to the maintenance of normal functions of the olfactory epithelium (oe). specifically, the ciliated nonsensory cells of teleosts play important roles in the odorant detection by oe in aqueous environment. their cilia show strong beating activities and cause water flow at the oe surface, making the detection of odorants by oe more efficient. because intracellular ca2+ level has been reported to play an important role in ciliary beating, the ciliary beatin ...	2009	19800938
trichlorfon-induced apoptosis in hepatocyte primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio.	trichlorfon, an organophosphorus pesticide, can disrupt metabolism, reproduction and immune functions of some aquatic animals. in the present study, the effect of trichlorfon on apoptosis and the underlying apoptotic mechanism were investigated in primary cultures of carassius auratus gibelio hepatocytes. analyses of cultures exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg l(-1) trichlorfon concentrations for 24h indicated that trichlorfon induced apoptosis and caused nuclear shrinkage, cell membrane ruptur ...	2009	19775726
molecular cloning and differential expression patterns of the regulatory subunit b' gene of pp2a in goldfish, carassius auratus.	it is well established that the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2a (pp2a) plays very important roles in many different cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, gene expression, neurotransmission, apoptosis, and aging. pp2a consists of three heterogenic subunits: the scaffold subunit a, the catalytic subunit c, and the regulatory subunit b. while both the scaffold and the catalytic subunits contain only two forms, at least four families of the regulatory subunits ...	2009	19727590
question of reference frames: visual direction-selective neurons in the accessory optic system of goldfish.	we investigated if visual direction-selective neurons in the pretectal area (apt) of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) preferred visual stimuli resulting from rotations around axes corresponding to the best responsive axes of the semicircular canals [optic flow that is consistent to a maximal activation of the horizontal canal pair (yaw), to a maximal activation of the right anterior/left posterior semicircular canal pair (ralp), and to a maximal activation of the left anterior/right posterio ...	2009	19710380
epr detection of hydroxyl radical generation and its interaction with antioxidant system in carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol.	in the present study, direct evidence of hydroxyl radical production in livers of carassius auratus exposed to pentachlorophenol (pcp) was provided using electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) with spin-trapping. a dose-effect relationship was obtained between hydroxyl radical intensities and pcp exposure. it was observed that hydroxyl radical was significantly induced by 0.001 mg l(-1) (below the criteria for chinese fishery water quality) of pcp exposure. a strong positive correlation (r=0.9581 ...	2009	19683864
intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins results in hypovolemia and hypotension in crucian carp (carassius auratus).	circulatory responses of crucian carp injected intraperitoneally with extracted microcystins (mcs) were studied at sublethal and lethal doses (150 and 600 microg mc kg(-1) body mass, respectively). mean arterial blood pressure (map), heart rate, hematocrit (hct), red blood cell (rbc) counts, and circulating blood volume (bv) were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h post-toxin administration. map decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner over time. within the 48-h test period, the letha ...	2009	19673078
morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of two saprolegnia sp. (oomycetes) isolated from silver crucian carp and zebra fish.	two saprolegnia isolates, jy isolated from silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) and bmy isolated from zebra fish (brachydanio rerio hamilton) came from infections occurring concurrently in different locations in china. to confirm whether the two isolates were from the same saprolegnia clone, comparative studies have been carried out based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. observations showed that morphologically (both asexual and sexual organs) ...	2009	19640399
molecular characterization and functional commonality of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in two cyprinid fish.	nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin has been studied mostly in mammals and amphibians. to clarify the characteristics and function of nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin in teleost fish, we cloned a full-length cdna sequence from two cyprinid fish, carassius auratus gibelio and carassius auratus. molecular characterization and multiple sequence alignments suggested that they are the homologs of nucleophosmin. rt-pcr and western blot detected a specific expression in gonads, and immunofluorescence localization r ...	2009	19634010
does speaker presentation affect auditory evoked potential thresholds in goldfish?	the auditory evoked potential (aep) recording technique has proved to be a very versatile and successful approach in studying auditory sensitivities in fishes. the aep protocol introduced by kenyon, ladich and yan in 1998 using an air speaker with the fish positioned at the water surface gave auditory thresholds in goldfish very close to behavioural values published before. this approach was subsequently modified by several laboratories, raising the question whether speaker choice (air vs. under ...	2009	19602445
molecular characterization of novel interferon gamma receptor 1 isoforms in zebrafish (danio rerio) and goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	interferon gamma (ifngamma) is a highly pleotropic pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokine that mediates its effects by binding to a receptor complex composed of interferon gamma receptors 1 and 2 (ifngr1 and ifngr2). using gene synteny analysis, we identified a distinct isoform of the zebrafish ifngr1. the two zebrafish ifngr1 called here ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2 were used to identify the respective cdna sequences of the goldfish ifngr1-1 and ifngr1-2. analysis of protein sequences revealed that ...	2009	19577303
the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics of fishes with different foraging strategies.	to test the hypothesis that digestion has a more notable physiological effect on ambush foragers than on active foragers, we investigated the behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics, as well as the postprandial locomotory capacity, of four species of juvenile fish distributed along the yangtze river, china, with distinct foraging strategies. the ambush foraging southern catfish (silurus meridionlis) had the fewest movements per minute (mpm), lowest per cent time spent moving (ptm), ...	2009	19561220
melatonin attenuates the acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated intestine of a teleost fish.	the present study investigates the possible direct actions of melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) on intestinal motility in goldfish (carassius auratus) using an in vitro system of isolated intestine in an organ bath engaged to an isometric transducer. the longitudinal strips from goldfish intestine in the organ bath showed a resting spontaneous myogenic rhythmic activity which is not altered by melatonin. the addition of acetylcholine (1 nmol l(-1)-10 mmol l(-1)) to the organ bath induces ...	2009	19543897
molecular and functional characterization of kita and kitla of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	kit ligand and its type iii tyrosine kinase receptor kit promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells involved in mammalian myelopoiesis. in this study we report on the molecular and functional characterization of kit receptor a (kita) and kit ligand a (kitla) from the goldfish. both kita and kitla were ubiquitously expressed in goldfish tissues, with higher mrna levels observed in the kidney and spleen, the major hematopoietic organs of fish. furthermore, both ki ...	2009	19527751
evolutionary conservation of dazl genomic organization and its continuous and dynamic distribution throughout germline development in gynogenetic gibel carp.	to investigate germline development and germ cell specification, we identified a dazl homolog (cagdazl) from gynogenetic gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). its cdna sequence and bac clone sequence analyses revealed the genomic organization conservation and conserved synteny of the dazl family members and their neighborhood genes among vertebrates, especially in fish. moreover, a polyclonal antibody specific to cagdazl was produced and used to examine its expression and distribution througho ...	2009	19504540
the role of telencephalic no and cgmp in avoidance conditioning in goldfish (carassius auratus).	our previous study with n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist d-ap5 suggested that nmda receptors were involved in learning but not memory consolidation of avoidance conditioning. the present study investigated whether nitric oxide (no) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) were involved in memory consolidation but not learning of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. experiments 1 to 3 investigated amnestic and performance effects of no inhibitor l-name and cgmp inhibitor ly-83583. ...	2009	19485568
glucose-6-phosphate isomerase is an endogenous inhibitor to myofibril-bound serine proteinase of crucian carp (carassius auratus).	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (gpi) was purified to homogeneity from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp ( carassius auratus ) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatographies of q-sepharose, sp-sepharose, and superdex 200 with a yield of 8.0%, and purification folds of 468. the molecular mass of gpi was 120 kda as estimated by gel filtration, while on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), two subunits (55 and 65 kda) were identified, suggesting that it ...	2009	19472999
physiological consequences of gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) during exposure to long-term hypoxia.	goldfish (carassius auratus) acclimated to 7 degrees c and exposed to hypoxia ( approximately 10 mmhg) for 7 days exhibited a pronounced remodeling of the gill consisting of the removal of an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm). subsequent experiments were designed to assess the impact of gill remodeling and the associated increase in functional lamellar surface area on the distribution of branchial ionocytes and cl(-) flux across the gill. despite the increased functional lamellar surface area durin ...	2009	19458280
nitric oxide-cgmp signaling regulates axonal elongation during optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish in vitro and in vivo.	nitric oxide (no) signaling results in both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects in cns and pns neurons, respectively, after nerve lesioning. we investigated the role of no signaling on optic nerve regeneration in the goldfish (carassius auratus). nadph diaphorase staining revealed that nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity was up-regulated primarily in the retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) 5-40 days after axotomy. levels of neuronal nos (nnos) mrna and protein also increased in the rgcs alone duri ...	2009	19457064
interplay of the endocannabinoid system with neuropeptide y and corticotropin-releasing factor in the goldfish forebrain.	based on pharmacological, behavioral, and neuroanatomical studies, the endocannabinoid system appears to be pivotal in some neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as modulation of vertebrate reproduction, stress, and food intake. the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the control of the feeding response in the goldfish. by means of immunohistochemistry techniques, using anti-cb1 cannabinoid receptor, anti-corticotropin-releasing factor (crf), and anti-ne ...	2009	19456363
low toxic herbicide roundup induces mild oxidative stress in goldfish tissues.	the formulation of roundup consists of the herbicide glyphosate as the active ingredient with polyethoxylene amine added as a surfactant. the acute toxicity of roundup (particularly of glyphosate) to animals is considered to be low according to the world health organization, but the extensive use of roundup may still cause environmental problems with negative impact on wildlife, particularly in an aquatic environment where chemicals may persist for a long time. therefore, we studied the effects ...	2009	19450865
estrogenic effects of monocrotophos evaluated by vitellogenin mrna and protein induction in male goldfish (carassius auratus).	monocrotophos (mcp) is listed as a prior informed consent chemical, and it is still used extensively in developing countries. it has been seen that mcp shows high toxicity in fish and aquatic ecosystems. to confirm whether mcp shows estrogenic effects on fish, the induction of vitellogenin (vtg) in male goldfish (carassius auratus) following a 21 day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mg x l(-1) 40% mcp pesticide in a semi-static exposure system was evaluated by hepatic mrna and plasma protein. rea ...	2009	19439194
in vitro generation of viral-antigen dependent cytotoxic t-cells from ginbuna crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii.	little is known about antigen-specific t-cell responses to viruses in teleosts due to a lack of a suitable experimental system using inbred or clonal animals. in the present study we have successfully induced an in vitro generation of virus-specific cytotoxic t-cells (ctls) from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. responder cells (primarily lymphocytes) from crucian carp haematopoietic necrosis virus (chnv)-infected fish were capable of proliferating after stimulation in vitro with chnv-infected syn ...	2009	19428040
apelin in goldfish (carassius auratus): cloning, distribution and role in appetite regulation.	apelin is a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues including brain and adipose tissue. in mammals and zebrafish, apelin regulates cardiovascular functions. recent evidence in mammals suggest that apelin might also regulate food intake. in this study, we cloned a cdna encoding apelin and examined apelin mrna distribution within the brain and in peripheral tissues. we also assessed the effects of fasting on apelin brain mrna abundance. apelin mrna was expressed throughout the brai ...	2009	19427346
co-culture of carp (cyprinus carpio) kidney haematopoietic cells with feeder cells resulting in long-term proliferation of t-cell lineages.	to characterise fish haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, it is necessary to develop a culture system that supports proliferation and differentiation of these cells. in the present study, we established cell lines from various tissues of carp (cyprinus carpio) and ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfii). by using these cell lines, we developed a culture system in which carp haematopoietic cells proliferated and were successively passaged. cell lines from carp thymus (kot), carp fin (kof1) and g ...	2009	19375173
the detection of pressure fluctuations, sonic audition, is the dominant mode of dipole-source detection in goldfish (carassius auratus).	behavioral detection of a low-frequency (40 hz) vibratory dipole at source distances of 1.5-24 cm was measured by classically conditioned respiratory suppression in goldfish (carassius auratus). detection thresholds were compared across distances and before and after ablation of individual octavolateralis sensory channels. detection thresholds, expressed in units of pressure (spl), remained roughly constant as distance between the stimulus source and animal increased. lateral line inactivation, ...	2009	19364230
pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that potentially disrupt neuroendocrine control of fish reproduction.	here we show for the first time that components of pulp and paper mill effluents contain neuroactive substances that may impair fish reproduction. grab samples of primary and secondary effluent were obtained from a representative pulp and paper mill in eastern canada. effluents were fractionated using classic polarity and polyphenolic extraction methods into solvents of selected polarities (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane). by means of in vitro, competitive assays on goldfish (carassiu ...	2009	19350947
circadian clock genes of goldfish, carassius auratus: cdna cloning and rhythmic expression of period and cryptochrome transcripts in retina, liver, and gut.	clock genes are known to be the molecular core of biological clocks of vertebrates. they are expressed not only in those tissues considered central pacemakers, but also in peripheral tissues. in the present study, partial cdnas for 6 of the principal clock genes (period 1-3 and cryptochrome 1-3) were cloned from a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus ). these genes showed high homology (approximately 90%) with the respective cdnas of zebrafish (danio rerio), the only other teleost from ...	2009	19346448
chlorpheniramine impairs functional recovery in carassius auratus after telencephalic ablation.	we determined the effect of an h1 receptor antagonist on the functional recovery of carassius auratus submitted to telencephalic ablation. five days after surgery the fish underwent a spatial-choice learning paradigm test. the fish, weighing 6-12 g, were divided into four groups: telencephalic ablation (a) or sham lesion (s) and saline (sal) or chlorpheniramine (cpa, ip, 16 mg/kg). for eight consecutive days each animal was trained individually in sessions separated by 24 h (alternate days). tra ...	2009	19330266
distribution of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of stomachless and stomach-containing teleosts.	the occurrence and localization of ghrelin peptide in the gastrointestinal tract of carassius auratus and dicentrarchus labrax, two fish species that exhibit different feeding behavior, different habitats, and different anatomical organizations of the gastroenteric tract, were examined by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting analysis. all of the gastrointestinal segments studied displayed immunohistochemical localizations of ghrelin peptide. numerous single or clustered immunoreactiv ...	2009	19322896
structural and functional multiplicity of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in goldfish (carassius auratus).	to ascertain the neuroendocrine function of the kisspeptin/gpr54 system in non-mammalian species, full-length cdnas encoding for kiss1 and kiss2 as well as their putative cognate receptors gpr54a and gpr54b, were isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus). the deduced protein sequences between kiss1 and kiss2 in goldfish share very low similarity, but their putative mature peptides (kisspeptin-10) are relatively conserved. rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that the goldfish kiss1 gene (gfkiss1) is hi ...	2009	19304758
etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male).	allogynogenetic crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio (female) x cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in china. in recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the chongming county of shanghai, china. the disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. it gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as ...	2009	19301639
goldfish cb1 mrna expression is affected by fasting and anandamide administration.	the endocannabinoid system has a well-documented pivotal role in the control of mammalian feeding response; nevertheless, some evidence is available regarding a similar role in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. as in the bonyfish carassius auratus, cb1 cannabinoid receptors are abundant in brain regions involved in the control of food intake, and fasting affects endocannabinoid levels, in this study the effects of food deprivation and anandamide administration on cb1 expression were ev ...	2009	19293731
predominant expression and cellular distribution of fish agr2 in renal collecting system.	anterior gradient 2 (agr2) genes encode secretory proteins, and play significant roles in anterior-posterior patterning and tumor metastasis. agr2 transcripts were shown to display quite diverse tissue distribution in different species, and little was known about the cellular localization of agr2 proteins. in this study, we identified an agr2 homologue from gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), and revealed the expression patterns and cellular localization during embryogenesis and in adult tis ...	2009	19266620
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic studies of the z-dna-binding domain of a pkr-like kinase (pkz) in complex with z-dna.	pkz, a pkr-like eif2alpha kinase, consists of a z-dna-specific binding domain (zalpha) and an eif2alpha kinase domain. the kinase activity of pkz is modulated by the binding of zalpha to z-dna. the mechanisms underlying z-dna binding and the subsequent stimulation of pkz raise intriguing questions. interestingly, the z-dna-binding domain of pkz from goldfish (carassius auratus; cazalpha(pkz)) shows limited sequence homology to other canonical zalpha domains, suggesting that it may have a distinc ...	2009	19255480
time-dependent oxidative stress responses of crucian carp (carassius auratus) to intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins.	this study was conducted to investigate time-dependent changes in oxidative enzymes in liver of crucian carp after intraperitoneally injection with extracted microcystins 600 and 150 microg kg(-1) body weight. the results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase generally exhibited a rapid increase in early phase (1-3 h post injection), but gradually decreased afterwards (12-48 h) compared with the c ...	2009	19252760
the effects of thermally induced gill remodeling on ionocyte distribution and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus).	experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature-induced changes in functional gill lamellar surface area on the distribution of ionocytes and branchial chloride fluxes in goldfish (carassius auratus). in fish acclimated to warm water (25 degrees c), the ionocytes were scattered along the lamellae and within the interlamellar regions of the filament. in cold water (7 degrees c), the ionocytes were largely absent from the lamellae and filaments but instead were mostly confined to ...	2009	19252001
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in crucian carp (carassius auratus) from rivers in korea during 2000-2004.	concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were analyzed in freshwater fish (crucian carp) taken from 16 locations in nine rivers and a wetland in korea, during 2000-2004. dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) were also analyzed in the same samples but over shorter period (2002-2004). concentrations on a wet weight basis for 3 years (2002-2004) ranged from below the detection limit (dl) to 0.36 pg teq g(-1) wet wt. for pcdds, b ...	2009	19246071
molecular cloning and tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase full-length cdna from pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze).	a full-length cdna coding lipoprotein lipase (lpl) was cloned from liver of adult pengze crucian carp (carassius auratus var. pengze) by rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the cdna obtained was 1877 bp long with a 1524 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 507 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids long. the deduced amino acid sequence has a high similarity and shows similar structural features to lpl of other species. the lpl protein has a ...	2009	19236937
thyroid hormones as a potential early biomarker of exposure to 4-nonylphenol in adult male shubunkins (carassius auratus).	nonylphenol, an estrogenic-like compound, can induce vitellogenin synthesis in males and immature teleostean species, but little is known about its effects on thyroid hormones balance. the present study evaluated the potential effects of a single acute exposure to nonylphenol (i.p. injected) on the thyroid and reproductive axis of 250 shubunkins (carassius auratus). plasma levels of thyroid hormones were quantified immunoenzymatically by elisa assay. nonylphenol induced a significant decrease of ...	2009	19232673
l-histidine reduces inhibitory avoidance in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation.	the effect of post-training treatment with l-histidine (lh) on the memory consolidation of inhibitory avoidance was investigated in carassius auratus submitted to cerebellar ablation. the inhibitory avoidance procedure included 3 days: one habituation day, one training day (5 trials, t1-t5) and one test day. on the training day, each fish was placed individually in a white compartment separated from a black compartment by a sliding door. when the fish crossed into the black compartment, a weight ...	2009	19219307
effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin on food intake in goldfish (carassius auratus).	the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp), adrenomedullin (am) and adrenomedullin-2/intermedin (imd) on food intake regulation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of these related hormones on food intake. food-deprived goldfish were subjected to icv injections of cgrp, am and imd and their food intake were quantified. cgrp at 10ng/g body weight (bw) significant ...	2009	19150637
macrophage colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) induces pro-inflammatory gene expression and enhances antimicrobial responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophages.	we report on the regulation of pro-inflammatory functions of goldfish macrophages and induction of gene expression by recombinant goldfish csf-1 (rgcsf-1). recombinant goldfish tnfalpha-2 (rg tnfalpha-2), rgifngamma but not rgtgfbeta induced time-dependent increase of csf-1 expression in macrophages. treatment of goldfish macrophages with rgcsf-1 increased expression of several immune genes including cxcl-8 (=il-8), ccl-1, tnfalpha-1, tnfalpha-2, il-1beta-1, il-1beta-2, il-12-p35, il-12-p40, ifn ...	2009	19130890
aspects of the hormonal regulation of appetite in fish with emphasis on goldfish, atlantic cod and winter flounder: notes on actions and responses to nutritional, environmental and reproductive changes.	in vertebrates including fish, food intake regulation involves intricate networks of hormones produced by both brain and peripheral tissues. under optimum conditions, nutritional intake is adequate for basal metabolic needs, growth, development, reproduction, and deposition of energy stores. as fish represent a very diverse group, different fish species live in very different environments and are exposed to variations in a wide range of factors, including not only internal factors, such as nutri ...	2009	19087889
[genetic structure of silver crussian carp carassius (superspecies auratus) (linnaeus, 1758) colonies from the middle dnieper basin].	population genetic structure of silver prussian carp from the middle dnieper basin was established by means of biochemical gene marking and cytometric analysis. in addition to diploid goldfish carassius auratus, which was the basic species of bisexual colonies, a number of biotypes of triploid silver prussian carp c. gibelio were identified. these biotypes either formed isolated unisexual populations, or were an admixture to the bisexual colonies. in addition, in bisexual colonies, triploid fema ...	2010	20734774
no evidence of uv cone input to mono- and biphasic horizontal cells in the goldfish retina.	many animal species make use of ultraviolet (uv) light in a number of behaviors, such as feeding and mating. the goldfish (carassius auratus) is among those with a uv photoreceptor and pronounced uv sensitivity. little is known, however, about the retinal processing of this input. we addressed this issue by recording intracellularly from second-order neurons in the adult goldfish retina. in order to test whether cone-driven horizontal cells (hcs) receive uv cone inputs, we performed chromatic ad ...	2010	20734051
serotonin-induced contraction in isolated intestine from a teleost fish (carassius auratus): characterization and interactions with melatonin.	serotonin (5-ht) plays a critical role in several gastrointestinal functions in vertebrates. in teleosts lacking enterochromaffin cells, intestinal 5-ht originates from serotonergic enteric neurons. in the present study, the foregut of a stomachless teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus), was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of 5-ht on fish intestinal motility. we also studied the role of melatonin (mel), an indoleamine sharing the biosynthetic pathway with 5-ht, as regulator of serotoner ...	2010	20939846
waterborne fluoxetine disrupts the reproductive axis in sexually mature male goldfish, carassius auratus.	fluoxetine (flx) is a pharmaceutical acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is used to treat depression in humans. fluoxetine and the major active metabolite norfluoxetine (nflx) are released to aquatic systems via sewage-treatment effluents. they have been found to bioconcentrate in wild fish, raising concerns over potential endocrine disrupting effects. the objective of this study was to determine effects of waterborne flx, including environmental concentrations, on the reprodu ...	2010	20864192
bilateral intraocular malignant neuroectodermal tumors in a telescope goldfish (carassius auratus).	abstract a 5-year-old male telescope goldfish (carassius auratus) developed buphthalmia of the left eye. an enucleation was performed and a diagnosis of a neuroectodermal tumor was made on histological examination. although the fish initially recovered, it was killed 49 days postsurgery due to a severe decline in its condition. on histological evaluation of postmortem tissue samples, it was determined that the fish also had a neuroectodermal tumor of the right eye with local invasion of the brai ...	2010	20840084
[species composition and biodiversity of fish community in dalian lake, shanghai].	a field fish survey of dalian lake, shanghai was undertaken in apr. 11-19, apr. 27-may 8 and may 20-29, in total 24,061 fish individuals were collected, representing 22 species from 17 genera and 11 families. the dominant specie is carassius auratus, accounting for 76.38% of the total. the eigenvalues of species diversity were showing below : shannon-wiener's index (h') being 1.0027, simpson's index (lambda) being 0.5959, pielous's index (j') being 0.3244, margalef's index (d) being 2.0816 and r ...	2010	21174357
not only students can express alcohol dehydrogenase: goldfish can too!	this article describes a novel approach to study the metabolic regulation of the respiratory system in vertebrates that suits physiology lessons for undergraduate students. it consists of an experimental demonstration of the goldfish's (carassius auratus) adaptations to anoxia. the goldfish is one of the few vertebrates showing strong enzymatic plasticity for the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), which allows it to survive long periods of severe anoxia. therefore, we propose two simple ...	2010	21098391
characterization of fish irf3 as an ifn-inducible protein reveals evolving regulation of ifn response in vertebrates.	in mammals, ifn regulatory factor (irf) 3 is a critical player in modulating transcription of type i ifn and ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). in this study, we describe the roles of crucian carp (carassius auratus l.) irf3 in activating fish ifn and isgs. fish irf3 exhibits a large sequence divergence from mammalian orthologs. whereas mammalian irf3 is constitutively expressed, fish irf3 protein is significantly upregulated by ifn, poly-ic, and other stimuli known as ifn inducers in mammals. the ifn ...	2010	21084665
neuromodulatory effect of gnrh on the synaptic transmission of the olfactory bulbar neural circuit in goldfish, carassius auratus.	gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is well known as a hypophysiotropic hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and facilitates the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gonadotropes. on the other hand, the functions of extrahypothalamic gnrh systems still remain elusive. here we examined whether the activity of the olfactory bulbar neural circuits is modulated by gnrh that originates mainly from the terminal nerve (tn) gnrh system in goldfish (carassius auratus). as the morphologic ...	2010	20962071
impact of a secondary treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent in both sexes of goldfish (carassius auratus l.).	the aim of the present study was to assess the toxic effects of a secondary treated effluent from a modern pulp mill processing eucalyptus globulus on both sexes of goldfish. the effects in the exposed fish were investigated by measuring biomarkers which have been used to assess the effects of bkme on aquatic biota, with particular emphasis in fish. however, few studies have been focused on effluents from pulp mill plants processing eucalyptus. the relative proportion of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a) ...	2010	20954041