Publications

[experiments on the modification of the distribution of the activity of various alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases following i.v. application in tumor-bearing mice].	graffi et al. have proposed the use of exogenous enzymes for selective cleavage of inactive transport forms of cancerostatic substances in tumor tissue. enzymes appropriate for this purpose should, if possible, show also a certain enrichment in the tumor tissue. in studies on the ph-labile alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from g. myabena in tumor-bearing mice, under defined conditions in the tumors there could be demonstrated a higher concentration of the active form of the enzyme than in most of the ...	1989	2596956
mycoflora of anise and fennel seeds in egypt.	using four medium types (glucose-, cellulose-, 50% sucrose- and 10% nacl-czapek's agar), it was possible to isolate 15 fungal genera, 78 species and 6 varieties. the collective fungal spectrum varied from one medium to another where the highest number of species (57 species/1000 seeds) was obtained on glucose- and the lowest (31 species/1000 seeds) on 10% nacl-czapek's agar. aspergillus, penicillium, and sometimes rhizopus and chaetomium were the most common genera on the different medium types. ...	1989	2600777
physical characterization of the aldehyde-dehydrogenase-encoding gene of aspergillus niger.	to facilitate a better understanding of the regulation of alda, the gene encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase (alddh) in the ascomycete fungus, aspergillus niger, the gene has been physically characterized. the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of the gene and its flanking regions has been determined. analysis of the gene has revealed the presence of three introns. the homologous gene in the related fungus, aspergillus nidulans, contains only two introns. the coding regions of these genes, excluding ...	1989	2606357
study of the metabolism of flucytosine in aspergillus species by 19f nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	the metabolism of flucytosine (5fc) in two aspergillus species (aspergillus fumigatus and a. niger) was investigated by 19f nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. in intact mycelia, 5fc was found to be deaminated to 5-fluorouracil and then transformed into fluoronucleotides; the catabolite alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine was also detected in a. fumigatus. neither 5-fluoroorotic acid nor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate was detected in perchloric acid extracts after any incubation with 5fc. ...	1989	2610505
studies on heterocyclic compounds: 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. iii. biological activity of halogenated 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones.	in previous communications from these laboratories, thiazolidinone derivatives of general formula (a) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. (formula; see text) where: x = h, ch3 ar = phenyl ar' = fluorinated or chlorinated phenyl the present communication is in part concerned with further extension of these studies to variously halogenated thiazolidinones of general formula (b). (formula; see text) where: x = h, ch3 r = h, 2-f, 3-f, 4-f, 3-cl, 4-cl r' = h, 4-f, 4-cl these com ...	1989	2611015
mitotic mapping in linkage group v of aspergillus niger based on selection of auxotrophic recombinants by novozym enrichment.	this paper describes a procedure which allows the quantitative selection of auxotrophs of the fungus aspergillus niger by enzymatic killing of immobilized germinating prototrophic conidiospores. we have applied this procedure to linkage analysis on the basis of mitotic cross-over in this fungus. starting with a heterozygous diploid strain, we could select auxotrophic homozygous diploid recombinants quantitatively. we estimated the frequency of crossing-over after correction for clonal distributi ...	1989	2611733
formation of a cycloinulo-oligosaccharide from inulin by an extracellular enzyme of bacillus circulans okumz 31b.	a strain of bacillus circulans okumz 31b, isolated from soil, has been shown to produce an extracellular enzyme that converts inulin into cycloinulo-oligosaccharides. the main product was identified as cycloinulo-hexaose. the enzyme is arbitrarily designated as cycloinulo-oligosaccharide fructanotransferase.	1989	2611778
[antifungal activity of 6-acetamido-2-alkylthiobenzothiasoles in vitro].	the antifungal activity of 6-acetamido-2-alkylthiobenzothiazoles (altogether 13 derivatives) against aspergillus niger, candida guilliermondii and against the yeast-like and mycelial forms of candida albicans was determined. no efficacy of more significance was found against a. niger. 6-acetamido-2-n-butylthiobenzothiazole, which with the ed50 = 23 micrograms/ml ranks among the agents of medium efficacy, was most effective against c. guilliermondii. good efficacy was found in 6-acetamido-2-n-pen ...	1989	2611910
tryptophan auxotrophic mutants in aspergillus niger: inactivation of the trpc gene by cotransformation mutagenesis.	aspergillus niger tryptophan auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after uv irradiation of conidiospores. the mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpa and trpb, which complement each other in heterokaryons. neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned a. niger trpc gene. to obtain a. niger trpc mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. for this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the a. niger trpc and escherichia coli ...	1989	2615762
fungi isolated from lymph nodes of buffaloes.	a preliminary study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of fungi in various lymph nodes of domestic buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), subjected to slaughter for human consumption at a local abattoir. fungi could be demonstrated in 6 out 42 specimens when examined by mycological techniques. molds were represented by 5 isolates viz., aspergillus fumigatus (2), a. flavus, a. niger and a. terreus. candida tropicalis was the only yeast isolate recovered from the lymph node. the significance of fu ...	1989	2615782
actinomycotic intracavitary lung colonization.	we describe four cases of actinomycotic intracavitary lung colonization and review the literature on the subject. aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus, pseudallescheria boydii are responsible for the majority of fungi intracavitary lung colonization (fungus ball). the similarities in clinical symptom (haemoptysis) and radiologic feature (pulmonary air meniscus) of fungus ball and actinomycotic intracavitary colonization prompted the investigation into a range of microorganisms, including n ...	1989	2615797
fungal flora of poultry feedstuff ingredients.	one hundred and ten samples representing five types of poultry feed ingredients were mycologically examined. these samples included soybean meal, ground maize, cotton-seed cake, wheat bran and fish meal (22 samples each). among the 73 mesophilic fungal species, aspergillus flavus, a. niger and a. fumigatus were the most dominant. a. terreus, a. flavipes, mucor circinelloides, scopulariopsis brevicaulis, penicillium chrysogenum, fusarium moniliforme and rhizopus stolonifer were found to be common ...	1989	2621568
[citric acid biosynthesis by aspergillus niger strain im-13 on a nutrient medium with methanol].	the dynamics of citric acid biosynthesis and some morphological changes of asp. niger im-13 in culture media containing starch hydrolysate and 3% methanol were traced. the culture developed in filamentous form and little fine pellets. deformed hyphae with characteristic extensions were observed. the changes in asp. niger im-13 metabolism were studied by comparing the biomass accumulation, the utilization of reducing substances, the citric acid biosynthesis, ph and the protein content of the cont ...	1989	2624164
studies on heterocyclic compounds: 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. iv. biological activity of variously substituted 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones.	the following 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones of general formula (a) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. (formula; see text) where: x = h (i, iii, v, vii, ix, xi, xiii, xv, xvii, xix, xxi, xxiii), ch3 (ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xii, xiv, xvi, xviii, xx, xxii, xxiv); r = h (i, ii, v, vi, vii, viii, xi, xiii), 4-ch3 (xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv), 4-br (iii, iv, ix, x), 2-no2 (xiii, xiv), 3-no2 (xv, xvi), 4-no2 (xvii, xviii), 4-och3 (xix, xx); r' = h (i, ii, iii, iv, xiii, xiv, xv, xv ...	1989	2627344
adenine and pyrimidine genes of aspergillus niger and evidence for a seventh linkage group.	mutants of aspergillus niger requiring adenine and one mutant requiring cytosine were isolated after low-dose mutagenesis and enrichment. in addition we had mutants of two genes involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis isolated as 5-fluoro-orotic acid-resistant mutants. the fifteen adenine-less mutants could be placed in seven complementation groups. from each group a representative mutant was analyzed in order to determine the linkage group by analysis of the mutants in a heterozygous diploid ca ...	1989	2627715
partial purification, and some properties and reactivities of cetraxate benzyl ester hydrochloride-hydrolyzing enzyme.	debenzylating enzyme from aspergillus niger enzyme (commercial crude cellulase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cetraxate benzyl ester hydrochloride (2), a precursor of the antiulcer agent (1). the enzyme was highly purified by three kinds of chromatographies (hydrophobic, ion exchange, gel filtration) with a recovery of 36%. the content of the debenzylating enzyme was about 0.1% in the crude cellulase, but the enzyme showed no cellulase activity. the purified enzyme was inactivated by hg2+, and dii ...	1989	2632040
evaluation of alkali treatment for biodegradation of corn cobs by aspergillus niger.	effect of naoh pretreatment on the biodegradation of corn cobs for the production of cellulase and protein was studied using aspergillus niger. delignification of cobs with naoh remarkably increased the production of cellulase and protein. treatment of cobs with 2% naoh was found to be the best with respect to their susceptibility to biodegradation for maximum production of cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase, cellulase, beta-glucosidase soluble protein and crude protein; this also led to the high ...	1989	2635128
inhibition of yeast-mycelium transformation by 2-alkylthio-6-amino- and 2-alkylthio-6-formamidobenzothiazoles and their in vitro antifungal activity.	the antifungal effect of 2-alkylthio-6-amino- and 2-alkylthio-6-formamidobenzothiazoles (22 derivatives in all) on aspergillus niger and various candida yeasts was tested. no significant effect was observed with a. niger. with the pathogenic yeast species c. albicans and c. guilliermondii, the most efficient derivatives (6-formamido-2-propylthio-, 6-formamido-2-butylthio-, 6-formamido-2-butylthio-, 6-formamido-2-penthylthio- and 6-formamido-2-isopentylthiobenzothiazole) exhibited ed50 values in ...	1989	2635130
antimicrobial activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from heliotropium bursiferum wr ex grisebach.		1989	2635327
[preselection of aspergillus niger strains for citric acid production].	the aim of this work was to develop methods for the make a rapid selection of major aspergillus niger strains in citric acid production. a relationship between culture appearance and productivity was established also, a solid medium was designed. this medium showed early a good level of citric acid production by assayed strains. the result obtained are confirmed by ordinary submerged culture.	1989	2640767
the effect of beta-sitosterol on spore germination and germ-tube elongation of aspergillus niger and botryodiplodia theobromae.	the effect of beta-sitosterol on spore germination and prevention of elongation of germ-tube of aspergillus niger and botryodiplodia theobromae was studied. the antifungal activity of the compound showed a percentage inhibition, of the fungal spore germination, of about 40% at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml while inhibition on the elongation of germ-tubes was as high as 65% at the same concentration. the ed50 for inhibition of germ-tube elongation in a. niger was about 31 micrograms/ml. the ...	1989	2641488
purification and characterization of a novel type of catalase from the bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae.	a novel type of catalase, designated kpa, was purified from the bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae. the enzyme is unique in that it is a dimer with subunit molecular weight of 80,000, it bears a chlorine-type heme as prosthetic group, and is active over a very wide range of h+ concentrations, with a plateau from ph 2.8 to 11.8. yet, some properties of kpa are characteristic of typical catalases: it is stable when treated with with ethanol/chloroform, cannot be reduced by dithionite and it is inhibi ...	1989	2655713
gene function identified by interspecific transformation.	aspergillus nidulans is able to utilize 2-pyrrolidinone as a nitrogen source while two related aspergillus species, a. niger and a. terreus, cannot. mutations in the lama gene of a. nidulans prevent growth on 2-pyrrolidinone. a plasmid (plam7) has been isolated containing the a. nidulans lama gene and a divergently transcribed adjacent gene of unknown function. transformation of a. terreus with subclones of plam7 showed that both genes are essential for the utilization of a new nitrogen source, ...	1989	2670678
aspergillus findings in aids patients suffering from cryptococcosis.	because of the known pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans and of aspergilli depending on defined but different immunodeficiencies of the host, the evaluation of their simultaneous cultural detection in specimens of the respiratory tract of aids patients is of epidemiological, diagnostic, pathogenetic and therapeutic interest. in 10 out of 15 aids patients the following species of the genus aspergillus could be isolated either once or repeatedly during the course of cr. neoformans infections ...	1989	2685598
a gene transfer system based on the homologous pyrg gene and efficient expression of bacterial genes in aspergillus oryzae.	a homologous transformation system for aspergillus oryzae is described. the system is based on an a. oryzae strain deficient in orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (pyrg) and the vector pao4-2, which contains a functional a. oryzae pyrg gene as selection marker. transformation of the a. oryzae pyrg mutant with circular pao4-2 resulted in the appearance of pyr+ transformants at a frequency of up to 20 per micrograms of dna, whereas with linear pao4-2 up to 200 transformants per micrograms dna we ...	1989	2688930
structural and microbial studies of some transition metal complexes.	n-pyridinobenzamide-2-carboxylic acid has been synthesized. its binary and ternary (using 8-hydroxy-quinoline as the other ligand) cu(ii), ni(ii), co(ii), and zn(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectral data, and magnetic measurements. antibacterial activity of these ligands and their metal complexes has been determined on gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram-ne ...	1989	2689598
cloning and characterization of the trpc gene from an aflatoxigenic strain of aspergillus parasiticus.	the trpc gene in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway was isolated from an aflatoxigenic aspergillus parasiticus by complementation of an escherichia coli trpc mutant lacking phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (prai) activity. the cloned gene complemented an e. coli trpc mutant deficient in indoleglycerolphosphate synthase (igps) activity as well as an aspergillus nidulans mutant strain that was defective in all three enzymatic activities of the trpc gene (glutamine amidotransferase, igps, and ...	1989	2690735
synthesis and antifungal activity of some amidrazone derivatives.	the synthesis and in vitro antifungal activity of some pyridincarboxyamidrazone derivatives are described. 2-pyridincarboxyamidrazone derivative (iia) in comparison with miconazole showed an interesting even if low antimycotic activity.	1989	2690844
[nasosinusal aspergillosis].	the paper reports about a bilateral maxillary sinusitis and a right pansinusitis of this unusual disease. the allergic polyposis present in the second case is probably due to fungus sensitization (as katzenstein's case). none of them have had dental problems, not even foreign bodies inside of the sinuses (quoted from other aa.). the diagnosis must be confirmed by both the pathologist and the bacteriologist. the treatment is surgery plus antifungal drugs.	1989	2696380
[relation of bronchial asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].	an allergological examination was conducted in 30 out of 83 (36.07%) patients showing symptoms of bronchial asthma. it was found that skin hypersensitivity to aspergilla allergens coupled with a high serum ige level. the appropriateness of such affection referral to a separate nosological entity (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) is under discussion.	1989	2697785
properties of a new alkaline proteinase from aspergillus niger.	a. niger lcf 9 synthesizes a new aspergillopeptidase of potential interest in therapeutics. the properties and operating range of the enzyme were determined. it is a semi-alkaline aspergillopeptidase (ec 3.4.23.4) with one endopeptidase activity. its pi is 4.10, its molecular weight is 21000 da and its a1%(1 cm) at 280 nm is 9.75. it rapidly hydrolyzes casein and hemoglobin. its optimal ph is 7.8 and optimal temperature is 45 degrees c. it is thermally labile above 40 degrees c but can be stabil ...	1989	2698284
[fungal otitis in libreville. study of 83 cases].	83 cases of mycotic otitis of external ear are reported during a period of 27 months from three departments of otorhinolaryngology in libreville (gabon, central africa) prevalence is estimated at about 25% among all infectious otitis. the main functional signs are pruritus, otorrhea, pain and hypoacousia. the physical examination shows masse of white, grey, black or creamy caseous debris, invading the external auditory meatus (eam) which is sometimes inflammatory. fungal species responsible of o ...	1989	2743526
comparative spectral analysis of mammalian, fungal, and bacterial catalases. resonance raman evidence for iron-tyrosinate coordination.	resonance raman spectra are reported for catalases from bovine liver, the ascomycete fungus aspergillus niger, and the bacterium micrococcus luteus. the vibrational frequencies of the oxidation-, spin-, and coordination number-sensitive spectral bands are indicative of high spin pentacoordinate hemes in the resting ferric enzymes of each of these organisms. this result is in accord with the crystal structure of bovine catalase (fita, i., and rossmann, m.g. (1985) j. mol. biol. 185, 21-37). in co ...	1989	2753885
chronic necrotising pneumonia caused by aspergillus niger.	a woman with asthma developed chronic necrotising semi-invasive pneumonia due to mixed aspergillus niger and candida albicans infection; though not severely immunosuppressed, she may have been predisposed by long term oral corticosteroid and recurrent oral antibiotic treatment. the diagnosis should be considered in patients with chronic airflow limitation who develop cavitating pneumonia.	1989	2763249
transformation of aspergillus niger with the homologous nitrate reductase gene.	a homologous transformation for aspergillus niger was developed based on the nitrate reductase structural gene niad. this system offered certain advantages over existing a. niger systems, such as the ease of recipient mutant isolation, absence of abortive transformants, convenient enzyme assay, ease of transformant stability testing, and complete absence of background growth. transformation frequencies of up to 100 transformants per microgram dna were obtained with the vector psta10 which carrie ...	1989	2767440
structure-activity relationships of hydrazono derivatives of biological interest.	the following hydrazono derivatives (i-xxiii) of type (a), (formula; see text) where: x = no2 (ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xiv-xxiii), x = h (i, iii, v, vii, ix, xi, xii, xiii), and y = h (i, ii); 3-cl (iii, iv); 4-cl (v, vi); 3,4-cl2 (vii, viii); 2,6-cl2 (ix, x); 2-no2 (xi); 3-no2 (xii); 4-no2 (xiii, xiv); 2-f (xv); 3-f (xvi); 4-f (xvii); 2-oh (xviii); 4-oh (xix); 2,4-(oh)2(xx); 2,4,6-(oh)3(xxi); 2,3-(oh,no2) (xxii); 2,4-(no2)2 (xxiii), were prepared and tested for antibacterial and antifungal activit ...	1989	2775537
mycotic keratitis in madras.	corneal scrapings from 698 clinically suspected cases of mycotic keratitis were investigated for evidence of fungal infection. of these, 322 were found to be positive by direct examination and/or culture. the infection was predominantly seen in the age group 21-50. men were more frequently affected than women. majority of the patients were either agricultural workers or out door manual labourers and 66.8% of them gave a definite history of antecedent corneal trauma due to vegetable or soil matte ...	1989	2777350
improved transformation efficiency of aspergillus niger using the homologous niad gene for nitrate reductase.	aspergillus niger transformation frequencies of up to 1,176 transformants per micrograms dna were achieved using the plasmid vector psta10 containing the a. niger nitrate reductase structural gene. analysis of genomic endonuclease cleaved dna from nitrate utilising transformants by dna hybridisation, showed that most integration events are as a result of homologous recombination. the niad transformation system was used successfully for the introduction of the unselected escherichia coli fusion g ...	1989	2791035
cloning and dna sequence analysis of the glucose oxidase gene from aspergillus niger nrrl-3.	a cdna library from aspergillus niger strain nrrl-3 enriched in sequences glucose oxidase was constructed. an 800 bp cdna clone isolated from this library was used to screen 12,000 recombinant phages from an embl3 genomic library. a 15 kbp dna segment isolated from this library contained the 1815 bp structural gene for glucose oxidase as well as a short 5'- and a longer 3'-noncoding region. the deduced protein sequence was verified by partial peptide sequencing.	1989	2792372
[the effect of various methods of preserving the fungus aspergillus niger v. tighem on its aggressive properties].	using the differential-thermic and thermogravimetric methods has shown that the most promising way of fungus aspergillus niger storing when its aggressive properties against polyamid aren't lost is to keep the culture on polymeric matter (polyamid) and in soil.	1989	2804175
mould and mycotoxin contamination of stored corn in turkey.	a total of 167 corn samples, including imported and locally grown corn, were obtained from various regions and store houses in turkey and surveyed for mould occurrence and mycotoxin content. the mould contamination level was 10(5) - 10(6) colonies/g.a. flavus, a. niger, f. oxyporum, p. variable, andrhizopus spp. however, the dominant flora showed significant differences between the imported and domestic corns. afiatoxin b1 was found in 16 % of the samples ranging from 2-74μg/kg. ochratoxin a and ...	1989	23605301
cellulose degradation and cellulase activity of five cellulolytic fungi.	biodegradation of pure cellulose powder, bagasse and wheatstraw by five cellulolytic fungi,aspergillus niger, chaetomium globosum, scopulariopsis brevicaulis, trichoderma koningii andtrichothecium roseum, was studied in solid culture conditions. minimum degradation was with pure cellulose. bagasse and wheatstraw were the most suitable for growth and activity of cellulolytic fungi. all fungi contained cellulase activity.	1990	24429892
[the action of different biocides on the phosphatase activity of aspergillus niger].	metalorganic and quarternary ammonium compounds when added to culture medium inhibited growth of aspergillus niger mycelium and activity of neutral and alkaline phosphatase. a quarternary ammonium compound, ethonium, and a tin-organic compound, tributyl oxide, exerted an inhibiting effect on activity of acid phosphatase which amounted to 54% of the total phosphatase activity in mycelium and 94% in the culture liquid. the rest of biocides induced lysis of intracellular membranes, phosphatase rele ...	1990	1965849
changes in membrane lipids and amino acid transport in a nystatin-resistant aspergillus niger.	a nystatin-resistant mutant of aspergillus niger is described that has quantitative changes in phospholipid composition compared with the wild type. the proportion of linoleic acid in total phospholipids was elevated in the mutant from 38 to 56% and the proportion of oleic acid was lowered from 28 to 12%. amino acid transport is also altered, the vmax values for the uptake of leucine, lysine, and glutamic acid being generally higher in the mutant; for glutamic acid the increase was from 15 to 35 ...	1990	1975770
restriction fragment length polymorphisms in isolates of aspergillus fumigatus probed with part of the intergenic spacer region from the ribosomal rna gene complex of aspergillus nidulans.	differences in restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) have been detected in isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. genomic dna from 11 isolates was digested with ecori, separated by electrophoresis, southern blotted and probed with dna from the intergenic spacer or non-transcribed spacer region of the rrna gene complex of aspergillus nidulans. three distinct rflp patterns were detected which differed from the control patterns observed with a. nidulans, aspergillus flavus and aspergillus n ...	1990	1980128
moist heat intraluminal disinfection of capd connectors.	a moist heat technique for disinfecting the inner lumen of commercially available connectology used in the exchange process for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) was evaluated. moist heat was generated by a device (pdm-1) that directed microwave energy to heat a sample solution containing a concentration of 10(6) microorganisms inside a pair of mated plastic capd connectors. microorganisms tested included those most prevalent and most problematic in causing peritonitis. testing, p ...	1990	1982800
immobilization of glucose oxidase by electropolymerization of monomers. influence of polymerization conditions.		1990	2075994
expression of the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene in a. niger, a. nidulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we report the cloning of the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene and its use to elevate glucose oxidase productivity in a. niger by increasing the gene dosage. in addition, the gene has been introduced into a. nidulans where it provides the novel capacity to produce glucose oxidase. a plasmid, in which dna encoding the mature form of glucose oxidase was preceded by a saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion signal, effected high-level production of extracellular glucose oxidase in this yeast.	1990	2076553
regulation of the glaa gene of aspergillus niger.	the glucoamylase gene of aspergillus niger, glaa, is expressed at high levels in the presence of starch. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of 1966 bp of the 5' flanking region of the glaa gene and have begun to identify sequences important for the control of glaa expression by deletion analysis. constructs containing deletions extending into the glaa gene promoter were introduced into an a. niger host whose own glaa gene had been disrupted by a gene replacement event. secreted levels of ...	1990	2076554
fungi of virgin and cultivated soil of salhiah desert, egypt.	27 species and 13 genera of fungi were identified from virgin and cultivated soil of salhiah. the most abundant species of phosphate solubilizing fungi were aspergillus nidulans, a. niger, a flavus, penicillium lilacinum, p. frequentans and fusarium moniliforme. on cellulose agar the most prevalent species were chaetomium bostrychodes, c. olivaceum, humicola fuscoatra, aspergillus flavus, a. nidulans, a. niger, a. ochraceus, fusarium solani and f. oxysporum. on xylan agar aspergillus fumigatus, ...	1990	2077791
genetic localization of a series of genes affecting glucose oxidase levels in aspergillus niger.	a number of mutants of aspergillus niger, affected in glucose oxidase (gox) expression, are described. the overproducing mutants could be classified into seven complementation groups whereas two glucose oxidase-negative complementation groups were recognized. these nine gox loci were assigned to linkage groups using master strains with marked chromosomes. three gox loci are in linkage group ii, one is in iii, two are in v and two are in linkage group vii. one weak glucose oxidase-overproducing m ...	1990	2078868
evaluation of antifungal volatile compounds on the basis of the elongation rate of a single hypha.	a novel method is proposed for the evaluation of the activity of an antifungal agent administered as a gas. this system is composed of a batch-flow type reaction vessel, a gas flow system, and a microscopic observation system. the agar plate was prepared on the ceiling of the reaction vessel, and the mycelium of a fungus (aspergillus niger or rhizoctonia solani) was inoculated onto it. after preincubation at 25 degrees c for 24 h, the reaction vessel was connected to the gas flow system. an appr ...	1990	2082824
peritonitis due to aspergillus niger: diagnostic importance of peritoneal eosinophilia.		1990	2085565
l-ascorbic acid alpha-glucoside formed by regioselective transglucosylation with rat intestinal and rice seed alpha-glucosidases: its improved stability and structure determination.	the definite structure and chemical stability of a new glucoside of l-ascorbic acid (aa) which was enzymatically glucosylated with rat intestinal and rice seed alpha-glucosidases were reported. the stability of this aa derivative in water under aerobic conditions was proved by its remarkable resistance against enhanced oxidative degradation by heat, cu2+ ion or ascorbate oxidase, and it was found to have no reducing activity toward radicals. these properties were obviously distinguishable from t ...	1990	2085881
fungal flora in congenital dacryocystitis.	in this study, 86 eyes in 66 cases (20 bilateral) of congenital dacryocystitis were analysed for fungal growth. fungi alone were isolated in 12 eyes (13.95%) and in 14 eyes (16.28%) together with bacteria--a total of 26 positive for fungus in 86 eyes (30.23%). these 26 eyes yielded on fungal culture a total of 28 isolates (in 2 eyes, another fungus was isolated on repeat culture). 11 types of fungi were cultured--c. albicans and a. niger accounted for 5 each out of 28. to the best of our knowled ...	1990	2086475
syntheses, characterization, and microbial activity of some transition metal complexes involving potentially active o and n donor heterocyclic ligands.	the formation of binary as well as ternary metal complexes of type mll' (where m(ii) = cu(ii), ni(ii), co(ii), and zn(ii); l = 8-hydroxyquinoline, and l' = 2-furoic acid) has been studied. the complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determination, the ir and electronic spectra, conductivity, and magnetic measurements. the presence of coordinated water molecules was demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis. the microbial activity of these ligands and ...	1990	2086721
microbiological transformation of chromone, chromanone, and ring a hydroxyflavones.	microbial transformation of chromone, chromanone, and 3 ring a hydroxyflavones (5-hydroxy-, 6-hydroxy-, and 7-hydroxyflavones) was attempted using thirty-two microorganisms. while chromone was not biotransformed, chromanone was transformed to chromone and chromanol by aspergillus niger in 2% yield. ring a hydroxylated flavones were transformed to the corresponding c-4' hydroxylated metabolites, and the yields and rate of product formation were found to correlate with the distance between the c-4 ...	1990	2089118
tomato and aspergillus niger pectinesterases. correlation of differences in existing reports: large species variations.	existing reports on the enzyme tomato pectinesterase differ in alignments of two internal segments and in many single-residue replacements. the alignment from cdna data, with a 317-residue mature protein, is correct, but protein analyses also show at least 18 single-residue replacements, suggesting the presence of many native or (less likely) cloning-derived microheterogeneities. purification of aspergillus niger pectinesterase and n-terminal sequence analysis of this enzyme reveal a different s ...	1990	2089377
investigations of the activity by contact of miconazole sulfosalicylate.	the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of miconazole sulfosalicylate (m.ssa) has been investigated on mycetes (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus niger, trichophyton mentagrophytes), gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris) in comparison with miconazole nitrate (m.nit). the results showed m.ssa has a greater activity than m.nit, particular ...	1990	2093108
evidence that the m antigen of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum is a catalase which exhibits cross-reactivity with other dimorphic fungi.	a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was raised against histoplasmin, the antigen derived from the mycelial phase of histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum which contains the diagnostically useful h and m antigens. a number of mabs were obtained which recognized a 70-75 kd component of an antigenic preparation of h. capsulatum var. capsulatum by western blotting. when reacted with histoplasmin by western blotting the mabs recognized a similar 70-75 kd band, together with a series of higher mo ...	1990	2093121
studies on heterocyclic compounds: spiro [indole-3,2'-thiazolidine] derivatives. antimicrobial activity of monohalogenated 3'-phenylspiro 3h-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine-2,4' (1h)-diones.	the following halogenated 3'-phenyl [3h-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine]-2,4'(1h)-dione of general formula (a) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. (formula: see text) where: x = h (i, iii, v, vii, ix, xi, xiii, xv), ch3 (ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xii, xiv, xvi); y = h (i, ii), 3-f (iii, iv), 2-cl (v, vi), 3-cl (vii, viii), 4-cl (ix, x), 2-br (xi, xii), 3-br (xiii, xiv), 4-br (xv, xvi). the synthetic approach involves the preparation of variously substituted schiff-bases of indol-2,3-di ...	1990	2100530
studies on heterocyclic compounds: spiro [indole-3,2'-thiazolidine] derivatives. ii. antimicrobial activity of halogenated 3'-phenylspiro 3h-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine -2,4 (1h)-diones.	the following polyhalogenated 3'-phenyl 3h-indole-3,2'-thiazolidine -2,4' (1h)-dione of general formula (a) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity. (formula: see text) where: x = h (i, iii, v, vii, ix, xi), ch3 (ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xii); y = h (i, ii), 2,4-f2 (iii, iv), 2,4-cl2 (v, vi), 3,4-cl2 (vii, viii), 2,6-cl2 (ix, x), 2,4,6-cl3 (xi, xii). the general synthetic route involves the preparation of variously substituted isatin-3-imines, which are subjected to cyclocondensatio ...	1990	2100531
houses and allergic respiratory syndromes.	a study was carried out in 49 flats in bucharest inhabited by 265 persons. a quantitative analysis of fungi spores was performed as well as allergologic tests with penicillium and aspergillus fungi (a13), aspergillus niger (m2), alternaria tenuis (m1), cladosporium herbarum (m3), dermatophagoides pteronissinus (allergenic products supplied by the bencard firm). the infested flats presented a high percentage of aspergillus niger spores, particularly pathogenic. the main triggering factors for the ...	1990	2100879
comparison of the properties of glucoamylases from rhizopus niveus and aspergillus niger.	some properties of the glucoamylase from rhizopus niveus have been determined and compared with the comparable properties of the glucoamylase from aspergillus niger. the enzymes from these organisms possess the following common properties: quantitative conversion of starch to glucose, molecular weights in the range 95,500 to 97,500, and glycoprotein structures with many oligosaccharide side chains attached to the protein moieties of the enzymes. differences in the glucoamylases exist in electrop ...	1990	2106901
identification of carboxylic acid residues in glucoamylase g2 from aspergillus niger that participate in catalysis and substrate binding.	functionally important carboxyl groups in glucoamylase g2 from aspergillus niger were identified using a differential labelling approach which involved modification of the acarbose-inhibited enzyme with 1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide (eac) and inactivation by [3h]eac following removal of acarbose. subsequent sequence localization of the substituted acidic residues was facilitated by specific phenylthiohydantoins. the acid cluster asp176, glu179 and glu180 reacted exclusively ...	1990	2108020
interconversion of aflatoxin b1 and aflatoxicol by several fungi.	four fungal strains, namely, aspergillus niger, eurotium herbariorum, a rhizopus sp., and non-aflatoxin (af)-producing aspergillus flavus, which could convert af-b1 to aflatoxicol (afl), could also reconvert afl to af-b1. the interconversion of af-b1 to afl and of afl to af-b1 was ascertained to occur during proliferation of the fungi. these reactions were distinctly observed in cell-free systems obtained from disrupted mycelia of a. flavus and the rhizopus sp., but they were not observed in cul ...	1990	2111122
the promoter of the glucoamylase-encoding gene of aspergillus niger functions in ustilago maydis.	promoter sequences from the aspergillus niger glucoamylase-encoding gene (glaa) were linked to the bacterial hygromycin (hy) phosphotransferase-encoding gene (hph) and this chimeric marker was used to select hy-resistant (hyr) ustilago maydis transformants. this is an example of an ascomycete promoter functioning in a basidiomycete. hyr transformants varied with respect to copy number of integrated vector, mitotic stability, and tolerance to hy. only 216 bp of glaa promoter sequence is required ...	1990	2112106
upstream elements repress premature expression of an aspergillus developmental regulatory gene.	the aspergillus nidulans abaa gene regulates intermediate steps in asexual reproductive development and is itself developmentally regulated. an 822-base-pair dna fragment from the abaa 5'-flanking region is sufficient to drive developmentally appropriate expression of the escherichia coli lacz gene. deletion analysis showed that this fragment contains elements that repress transcription in vegetative cells and immature conidiophores and that activate transcription later during development. a 45- ...	1990	2117702
production and purification of a granular-starch-binding domain of glucoamylase 1 from aspergillus niger.	a domain of glucoamylase 1 from aspergillus niger which binds to granular starch was produced by proteolytic digestion and purified to apparent homogeneity by extraction with corn starch followed by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the peptide has a molecular weight of 25,100, contains approximately 38% carbohydrate (w/w) and corresponds to residues 471-616 at the c-terminus of glucoamylase 1. the peptide bound to granular corn starch maximally at 1.08 nmol/mg starch. it inhibit ...	1990	2119316
analysis of delta-l-alpha-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-d-valine by ion chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection.	a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method is presented for the detection and trace level determination of the tripeptide delta-l-alpha-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv). the tripeptide, an intermediate in penicillin production, is derived from fungal fermentation. the technique relies on ion-exchange separation of the tripeptide on an anion-exchange column followed by detection by reduction on a gold electrode using pulsed amperometry. the sensitivity of direct determinat ...	1990	2120274
influence of the addition of mineral salts on the inhibitory activity of strains of the arthrinium genus.	the influence which the addition of certain mineral salts has on the inhibiting activity of strains belonging to the arthrinium genus was studied. the salts employed were agno3, fecl2, mncl2 and cuso4, in concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l, in the presence of bacillus subtilis, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans and aspergillus niger. for b. subtilis and s. aureus greater inhibition was observed ...	1990	2120549
ultraviolet radiation for the sterilization of contact lenses.	two sources of ultraviolet (uv) radiation with peak wavelengths in the uv-c or uv-b ranges were compared for their ability to sterilize contact lenses infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus pneumoniae, acanthamoeba castellani, candida albicans, and aspergillus niger. also examined was the effect of prolonged uv light exposure on soft and rigid gas permeable (rgp) contact lenses. the uv-c lamp (253.7 nm, 250 mw/cm2 at 1 cm) was germicidal for all organisms within 20 minutes but cause ...	1990	2123422
behaviour of aspergillus flavus in presence of aspergillus niger during biosynthesis of aflatoxin b.	aspergillus niger or aspergillus tamarii when grown as mixed cultures with toxigenic a. flavus inhibits biosynthesis of aflatoxin by a. flavus, owing primarily to its ability to produce inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis and to their ability to degrade aflatoxin. gluconic acid partly prevents aflatoxin production. the other factors such as changes in ph of the medium and the effect on the growth of a. flavus have no role in imparting capabilities to these cultures to inhibit aflatoxin producti ...	1990	2124794
[ear infections by aspergillus].	report of 123 cases of otomycosis by aspergillus treated by the a. analyse of the several risks and causative factors, as well as the symptomatology and findings at examination. comments regarding the a. own protocol, pointing out the importance of daily dressings and early diagnosis.	1990	2126916
glycogen accumulation in aspergillus niger.		1990	2128057
inactivity of terbinafine in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis.	in a model of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis terbinafine did not improve survival of experimental animals in doses up to 80 mg/kg/day despite adequate lung concentrations. pretreatment and aerosolization of the compound were also ineffective. terbinafine was markedly less active in vitro when serum was used instead of yeast-nitrogen-glucose-broth. it is concluded that a lack of bioavailability in the presence of serum may explain the lack of activity of terbinafine in experimental aspergillosis.	1990	2128278
[lung mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi].		1990	2128860
aspergillus species from hospital air and from patients.	during a seven month period, 367 molds were isolated from hospital air and 23 from patients. aspergillus niger accounted for 56% of air isolates, but for only 17% of patient isolates. aspergillus fumigatus was rarely found in air (0.3%), but was the dominant isolate among our patients (44%). we conclude, that different aspergillus species may have a varied aptitude to colonize immunocompromised patients.	1990	2129435
changes in the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in aspergillus niger during stimulation of acidogenesis by elevated sucrose concentration.	the presence of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-p2) and phosphofructokinase 2 (pfk 2) were established in the citric-acid-producing filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. fru-2,6-p2 levels were around 3.0 (+/- 0.8) nmol per g dry weight during growth on sucrose, and half of this in mycelia grown on citrate as a carbon source. pfk 2 was detected with a specific activity of 150 mu/mg protein and a km for fructose 6-phosphate of 40 microm. induction of citric acid accumulation (acidogenesis) in a ...	1990	2156568
mycoflora and nutritional value of shelled melon seeds (citrulus vulgaris schrad.) in nigeria.	thirteen fungi were isolated from mouldy shelled melon seeds. the fungi more frequently isolated included species of mucor (11.25%), rhizopus (13.75%), aspergillus (36.25%), macrophoma (2.50%), penicillium (8.75%), alternaria (5.00%), fusarium (8.75%), botrytis (6.25%), torula (3.75%) and geotrichum (3.75%). healthy, shelled melon seeds inoculated with fusarium solani for 7 or 14 days caused increases in the free fatty acid (f.f.a.) content of the healthy seeds from an initial value of 1.06% to ...	1990	2170965
localized peripheral calcium oxalate crystal deposition caused by aspergillus niger infection.	a 70-year-old white man, who was malnourished and demented, presented with a painful black, gangrenous-appearing right foot with a fungating mass and required amputation. pathological sections of the tissue specimens showed numerous birefringent crystals, which were identified as calcium oxalate. branching septate hyphae and darkly pigmented fungal fruiting heads with double sterigmata characteristic of aspergillus niger were also identified in the tissue sections. no systemic or other metabolic ...	1990	2185361
hydrolysis of beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride to alpha-d-glucose catalyzed by aspergillus niger alpha-d-glucosidase.	aspergillus niger alpha-d-glucosidase, crystallized and free of detectable activity for beta-d-glucosides, catalyzes the slow hydrolysis of beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride to form alpha-d-glucose. maximal initial rates, v, for the hydrolysis of beta-d-glucosyl fluoride, p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside, and alpha-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride are 0.27, 0.75, and 78.5 mumol.min-1.mg-1, respectively, with corresponding v/k constants of 0.0068, 1.44, and 41.3. independent lines of evidence make cle ...	1990	2191775
selection of a hyperproducing strain of aspergillus niger for biosynthesis of citric acid on unusual carbon substrates.	several tens of mutants were obtained by uv irradiation of a spore suspension of aspergillus niger. producers yielding large amounts of citric acid were selected on a modified czapek agar containing methyl red as ph indicator. after a submerged cultivation in flasks with baffles, a mutant characterized by yellow pigmentation on wort agar and by yields of citric acid up to 74.6% in the medium containing glucose was chosen from 130 isolates tested.	1990	2199351
formation of a stable l-ascorbic acid alpha-glucoside by mammalian alpha-glucosidase-catalyzed transglucosylation.	enzymatic transglucosylation from maltose to l-ascorbic acid (aa) with mammalian tissue homogenates was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography method and compared with the reaction catalyzed by alpha-glucosidase from aspergillus niger. the homogenates of small intestine and kidney had a high transglucosylase activity to form a new type of glucosylated aa, which was associated with alpha-glucosidase activity. the new compound was demonstrated to be an equimolar conjugate of aa and ...	1990	2200520
purification and properties of nadp(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenases from aspergillus nidulans and a. niger.	glycerol dehydrogenase, nadp(+)-specific (ec 1.1.1.72), was purified from mycelium of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus niger using different purification procedures. both enzymes had an mr of approximately 38,000 and were immunologically cross-reactive, but had different amino acid compositions and isoelectric points. for both enzymes, the substrate specificity was limited to glycerol and erythritol for the oxidative reaction and to dihydroxyacetone (dha), diacetyl, methylglyoxal, erythrose ...	1990	2200840
calcium binding in alpha-amylases: an x-ray diffraction study at 2.1-a resolution of two enzymes from aspergillus.	x-ray diffraction analysis (at 2.1-a resolution) of an acid alpha-amylase from aspergillus niger allowed a detailed description of the stereochemistry of the calcium-binding sites. the primary site (which is essential in maintaining proper folding around the active site) contains a tightly bound ca2+ with an unusually high number of eight ligands (o delta 1 and o delta 2 of asp175, o delta of asn121, main-chain carbonyl oxygens of glu162 and glu210, and three water molecules). a secondary bindin ...	1990	2207069
a mutation which modifies the activity of a translational suppressor in aspergillus nidulans.	a third type of translational fidelity mutation has been induced in aspergillus nidulans. the new mutation enhances growth, in suppressing conditions, of a strain containing suppressor suac109 and antisuppressor asud14 and is called alob8 for its allosuppressor activity. compared with the progenitor strain (asud14, suac109), ribosomes from the new mutant (alob8, asud14, suac109) increase misincorporation of leucine in a poly(u)-dependent homologous cell-free assay. the misreading level is mainta ...	1990	2207157
[pulmonary aspergilloma caused by aspergillus niger].	the authors present a case report of a 66 year old male that was admitted due to pulmonary lesions with cavitation localized in the upper left lobe. in the cavity an abnormal mass could be seen. in the differential diagnosis malignancy and tuberculosis were excluded. fungi were cultured from the bronchial washings and sputum. their morphological characteristics allowed them to be typed as aspergillus niger. slides from the thick, mucoid, black sputum demonstrated typical forms of the fungus. pol ...	1990	2216916
cloning and expression of a second aspergillus niger pectin lyase gene (pela): indications of a pectin lyase gene family in a. niger.	using the previously cloned aspergillus niger n756 pectin lyase d gene as a probe, the corresponding peld gene has been isolated from a genomic library of the laboratory strain a. niger n400. this gene encodes pld, previously described as pli, which is one of the two major pectin lyases isolated from the commercial pectinase preparation ultrazym. heterologous hybridization of the a. niger n400 genomic library with the peld gene led to the isolation of another five genes: pela, b, c, e, and f. th ...	1990	2225145
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the gene encoding prepro-polygalacturonaseii of aspergillus niger.	polygalacturonaseii of aspergillus niger was fragmented using cnbr and the nh2-terminal fragment and another fragment were partially sequenced. the polygalacturonaseii (pgaii) gene was then isolated by using an oligonucleotide mixture based on the internal amino acid sequence as a probe. the nucleotide sequence of the pgaii structural gene was determined. it was found that polygalacturonaseii is synthesized as a precursor having an nh2-terminal prepro-sequence of 27 amino acids. the cloned gene ...	1990	2226842
characterization of a glycerol kinase mutant of aspergillus niger.	a glycerol-kinase-deficient mutant of aspergillus niger was isolated. genetic analysis revealed that the mutation is located on linkage group vi. the phenotype of this mutant differed from that of a glycerol kinase mutant of aspergillus nidulans in its ability to utilize dihydroxyacetone (dha). the weak growth on glycerol of the a. niger glycerol kinase mutant showed that glycerol phosphorylation is an important step in glycerol catabolism. the mutant could still grow normally on dha because of ...	1990	2230717
fungi associated with dried fish in sri lanka.	the mycoflora of dried-salted fish from markets in kandy, sri lanka was studied with emphasis on visibly spoiled dried fish. a total of 61 fungal isolates from 25 dried-fish were isolated and identified. the most prevalent fungus was aspergillus niger. species of aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. glaucus, a. restrictus, aureobasidium spp. basipetospora halophila (a genuinely halophilic fungus) cladosporium herbarum, gliomastix, spp., penicillium chalybeum and penicillium expansum were present ...	1990	2233981
[otomycoses in the kuznetsk region and organization of medical services for this group of population].	in the kuzbass region the author examined 238 patients, aged 15 to 80 years, with persistent otitis or inflammatory pathologies of the ears that could not be cured by routine therapy. as a result, in 90 patients (37.8%) otomycosis was diagnosed. mycosis of the external acoustic meatus was identified in 43 patients (55 mycotic ears or 52.4%), fungal otitis media was found in 21 patients (22 ears or 20.9%), and mycosis of the postoperative cavity was detected in 26 patients (28 mycotic cavities or ...	1990	2238355
synthesis and pharmacological studies of some (1,4)-naphthoquinono[3,2-c]-1h-pyrazoles, 2-substituted amino-1,4-naphthoquinones, and related compounds.	series of (1,4)-naphthoquinono(3,2-c)-1h-pyrazoles and 2-substituted amino-1,4-naphthoquinones have been synthesised and studied for their possible anticancer activity (animal tumours, walker 256 carcinosarcoma), influenza rna transcriptase activity, antibiotic activity (c. neoformans, t. mentagraphytes, m. canis, a. niger, and c. albicans).	1990	2241532
the development of a heterologous transformation system for the cellulolytic fungus trichoderma reesei based on a pyrg-negative mutant strain.	six uridine auxotroph mutants of trichoderma reesei qm 9414 were isolated by resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid and one strain was identified as omp-decarboxylase negative (pyr-) by a radiometric enzyme assay. transformation to uridine prototrophy was achieved with the pyr4 gene of neurospora crassa (up to 1500 transformants/micrograms) and with pyra of aspergillus niger (700-800 transformants/micrograms). in many transformants the pyr+ function seems to be present as extrachromosomal dna. there ...	1990	2245476
isolation and molecular characterisation of the benzoate-para-hydroxylase gene (bpha) of aspergillus niger: a member of a new gene family of the cytochrome p450 superfamily.	the gene coding for benzoate-para-hydroxylase (bpha) of aspergillus niger was cloned using differential hybridisation techniques and complementation of mutants deficient in this enzyme activity. the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined, the presence of two introns was shown and the transcription start and termination sites were determined. the structure of the mrna upstream from the long open reading frame (orf) is unusual. it contains two small, overlapping orfs whose function is unkn ...	1990	2250647
seasonal and daily variation of aspergillus mich. ex fr. spores in the atmosphere of córdoba (spain).	the atmosphere contains a complex of spores whose concentration and variation have been the subject of much study, mainly because of the relevance of fungi to allergic and aerobiological pollution problems. this paper reports on the cataloguing of the aspergillus species present in the atmosphere of córdoba, their seasonal and daily variation and their potential relationship with meterological parameters. the sampling was carried out in the city of córdoba by using a volumetric trap on a culture ...	1990	2251978
individual patterns of immediate skin reactivity to mold extracts.	one hundred atopic patients were skin tested intradermally over a 2-year period with 30 different mold extracts. subjects were monitored for immediate reactions. data suggest that to evaluate mold sensitivity in atopic patients one must use multiple mold extracts.	1990	2256573
heterologous gene expression by filamentous fungi: secretion of human interleukin-6 by aspergillus nidulans.	expression vectors for human interleukin-6 (hil6) contain an expression cassette consisting of the aspergillus niger glaa promoter and the aspergillus nidulans argb terminator. the secretion signals were either those of glaa or that of the authentic hil6 peptide. the constructs under study were introduced into a. nidulans and a. niger by means of cotransformation. no il6 activity could be detected in the medium of a cotransformed a. niger strain, although transcripts corresponding with the il6 c ...	1990	2258049
citric acid production with mixed strains of aspergillus niger in submerged culture.	citric acid yield of 8 different strains of aspergillus niger in pure and mixed cultures was investigated. the yield varied remarkably with the strain and combination of strains. generally, the yield of citric acid for a given strain was higher in pure than in mixed culture. however, low yielding strains in combination often augmented the yield under mixed culture. the possibility of an additive genic effect is discussed.	1990	2264456