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paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. isolated from greenhouse soil.strain co 4-7(t) was isolated from greenhouse soil used for cultivation of cucumbers in korea. the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain co 4-7(t) showed the highest sequence similarity with paenibacillus contaminans ckobp-6(t) (94.2%) among the type strains. strain co 4-7(t) was a strictly aerobic, gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, and motile rodshaped bacterium. strain co 4-7(t) grew at 10-45°c (optimum, 30°c), at ph 6.0-7.5 (optimum, ph 6.5) and in the presence of 0-5% nacl (optimum, 0.5% ...201424871973
safety assessment of cucumis sativus (cucumber)-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics.the cir expert panel assessed the safety of 6 cucumis sativus (cucumber)-derived ingredients and found them safe in cosmetic formulations in the present practices of use and concentration. these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as skin-conditioning agents. cucumber is a commonly consumed food with no history of significant adverse effects, suggesting that its ingredients should not pose any major safety issues following oral exposure. this assessment focused on the dermal exposu ...201424861368
phylogenomic analysis of echinoderm class relationships supports asterozoa.while some aspects of the phylogeny of the five living echinoderm classes are clear, the position of the ophiuroids (brittlestars) relative to asteroids (starfish), echinoids (sea urchins) and holothurians (sea cucumbers) is controversial. ophiuroids have a pluteus-type larva in common with echinoids giving some support to an ophiuroid/echinoid/holothurian clade named cryptosyringida. most molecular phylogenetic studies, however, support an ophiuroid/asteroid clade (asterozoa) implying either co ...201424850925
qtl-seq identifies an early flowering qtl located near flowering locus t in cucumber.next-generation sequencing enabled a fast discovery of a major qtl controlling early flowering in cucumber, corresponding to the ft gene conditioning flowering time in arabidopsis. next-generation sequencing technologies are making it faster and more efficient to establish the association of agronomic traits with molecular markers or candidate genes, which is the requirement for marker-assisted selection in molecular breeding. early flowering is an important agronomic trait in cucumber (cucumis ...201424845123
development of a cucumis sativus tilling platform for forward and reverse genetics.cucumber (cucumis sativus) belongs to the cucurbitaceae family that includes more than 800 species. the cucumber genome has been recently sequenced and annotated. transcriptomics and genome sequencing of many plant genomes are providing information on candidate genes potentially related to agronomically important traits. to accelerate functional characterization of these genes in cucumber we have generated an ems mutant population that can be used as a tilling platform for reverse genetics.201424835852
discovery of novel saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber holothuria lessoni.sea cucumbers, sometimes referred to as marine ginseng, produce numerous compounds with diverse functions and are potential sources of active ingredients for agricultural, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. we examined the viscera of an australian sea cucumber holothuria lessoni massin et al. 2009, for novel bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on the triterpene glycosides, saponins. the viscera were extracted with 70% ethanol, and this extract was purified by a liquid-li ...201424821624
a gamyb homologue csgamyb1 regulates sex expression of cucumber via an ethylene-independent pathway.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a typical monoecious vegetable with individual male and female flowers, and has been used as a model plant for sex determination. it is well known that sex differentiation of cucumber can be regulated by phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (ga) and ethylene. the molecular mechanism of female sex expression modulated by ethylene has been widely understood, but how ga controls male sex expression remains elusive. in hermaphroditic arabidopsis and rice, ga can r ...201424790111
promotion and computation of inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity of herbal cream by incorporating indigenous medicinal plants.herbal cream imparts a chief role in regulating melanin production of skin. the phytoconstituents present in herbal cream impact biological functions of skin and contribute nutrients required for the healthy skin. in the present study, it was envisaged to prepare three batches of herbal cream (hc1, hc2 and hc3) containing ethanol extracts of emblica officinalis (fruits), daucus carota (root), mangifera indica (leaves), mentha arvensis (leaves), terminalia arjuna (bark) and cucumis sativus (fruit ...201424783796
[extraction of total rna and cloning of sgdhar gene from siraitia grosvenorii].total rna was isolated from siraitia grosvenorii fruit by the method of modified trizol, according to s. grosvenorii fruit characteristics of rich phenols, polysaccharide, oil and proteins. the od260/280, od260/230, rna integrity (rin) and yield of the total rna with this method were 2.01, 2.02, 9.50 and 260 mirog.g-1, respectively. the open reading frame (orf) of dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar), named as sgdhar, was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and rt-pcr method from s. g ...201424783516
hydrogen peroxide mediates abscisic acid-induced hsp70 accumulation and heat tolerance in grafted cucumber plants.root-shoot communications play important roles in plant stress responses. here, we examined the roles of root-sourced signals in the shoot response to heat in cucumber plants. cucumber plants grafted onto their own roots and luffa roots were exposed to aerial and root-zone heat to examine their tolerance by assessing the levels of oxidative stress, psii photoinhibition, accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), h2 o2 and heat shock protein (hsp) 70 using immunoblotting, chlorophyll fluorescence, immu ...201424773056
genome-wide analysis of the bzip transcription factors in cucumber.bzip proteins are one of the largest transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant development, physiological processes, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. despite the availability of recently published draft genome sequence of cucumis sativus, no comprehensive investigation of these family members has been presented for cucumber. we have identified 64 bzip transcription factor-encoding genes in the cucumber genome. based on structural features of their encoded proteins, csbzip gen ...201424760072
value, market preferences and trade of beche-de-mer from pacific island sea cucumbers.market preferences of natural resources contribute to shape their exploitation and production. beche-de-mer, the product after gutting, cooking, salting and drying sea cucumbers, is exported worldwide to asian dried seafood markets. a better understanding of the trade, value and market preferences of pacific island beche-de-mer could identify critical postharvest processing techniques and management strategies for fisheries and aquaculture. data were collected on export prices and trade of beche ...201424736374
the sub/supra-optimal temperature-induced inhibition of photosynthesis and oxidative damage in cucumber leaves are alleviated by grafting onto figleaf gourd/luffa rootstocks.shoot-root communication is involved in plant stress responses, but its mechanism is largely unknown. to determine the role of roots in stress tolerance, cucumber (cucumis sativus) shoots from plants with roots of their own or with figleaf gourd (cucurbita ficifolia, a chilling-tolerant species) or luffa (luffa cylindrica (l.) m. roem., a heat-tolerant species) rootstocks were exposed to low (18/13°c), optimal (27/22°c) and high (36/31°c) temperatures, respectively. grafting onto figleaf gourd a ...201424735050
transcriptome comparison of global distinctive features between pollination and parthenocarpic fruit set reveals transcriptional phytohormone cross-talk in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).parthenocarpy is an important trait determining yield and quality of fruit crops. however, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying parthenocarpy induction is limited. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is abundant in parthenocarpic germplasm resources and is an excellent model organism for parthenocarpy studies. in this study, the transcriptome of cucumber fruits was studied using rna sequencing (rna-seq). differentially expressed genes (degs) of set fruits were compared against aborted fruits ...201424733865
stability of monosodium glutamate in green table olives and pickled cucumbers as a function of packing conditions and storage time.the effects of different packing conditions and storage times on the stability of monosodium glutamate (msg) added to two different fermented vegetables (spanish-type green table olives and pickled cucumbers) were studied. factors such as packaging material (glass bottle versus plastic pouch), heat treatment (pasteurisation versus non-pasteurisation), and the presence or not of a preservative compound (potassium sorbate) were considered. the msg content of pickled cucumbers was stable for up to ...201424720705
genome-wide identification and transcriptional profiling analysis of auxin response-related gene families in cucumber.auxin signaling has a vital function in the regulation of plant growth and development, both which are known to be mediated by auxin-responsive genes. so far, significant progress has been made toward the identification and characterization of auxin-response genes in several model plants, while no systematic analysis for these families was reported in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a reference species for cucurbitaceae crops. the comprehensive analyses will help design experiments for functional ...201424708619
tuberculate fruit gene tu encodes a c2 h2 zinc finger protein that is required for the warty fruit phenotype in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).cucumber fruits that have tubercules and spines (trichomes) are known to possess a warty (wty) phenotype. in this study, the tuberculate fruit gene tu was identified by map-based cloning, and was found to encode a transcription factor (tf) with a single c2 h2 zinc finger domain. tu was identified in all 38 wty lines examined, and was completely absent from all 56 non-warty (nwty) lines. cucumber plants transgenic for tu (tcp) revealed that tu was required for the wty fruit phenotype. subcellular ...201424708549
an evaluation of three predatory mite species for the control of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum).within integrated pest control programmes, the use of high mite inoculations to control hot spots of whitefly is desirable for many growers. in this experiment, two species of predatory mites established as commercial biological control agents, typhlodromips montdorensis and amblyseius swirskii (acari: phytoseiidae), were compared with another, more recently introduced species, amblydromalus limonicus, for their ability to control dense populations of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporarior ...201424706366
persistence and dissipation of flubendiamide and its risk assessment on gherkin (cucumis sativus l.).a supervised open field trial was conducted to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of flubendiamide in gherkin fruits following foliar application of fame 480 sc at 60 and 120 g a.i. ha(-1). samples of gherkin fruits were drawn at different time intervals and quantified by hplc-dad. the maximum initial deposits of flubendiamide on gherkin were found to be 0.79 and 1.52 mg kg(-1), respectively, at recommended and double the recommended doses. the dissipation pattern of flubendiam ...201424691735
inactivation of atp citrate lyase by cucurbitacin b: a bioactive compound from cucumber, inhibits prostate cancer growth.prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males, is well recognized as having late disease on-set (mostly at age 60-70) and showing slow/latent disease development, and strategies to prevent cancer formation in late manhood may have significant health impacts. cucurbitacin b (cub) is a naturally occurring compound that is found abundantly in cucumbers and other vegetables, and it is known to exert anti-cancer activities (primarily via apoptosis-induction) in several human canc ...201424690568
specific sulfation and glycosylation-a structural combination for the anticoagulation of marine carbohydrates.based on considered achievements of the last 25 years, specific combinations of sulfation patterns and glycosylation types have been proved to be key structural players for the anticoagulant activity of certain marine glycans. these conclusions were obtained from comparative and systematic analyses on the structure-anticoagulation relationships of chemically well-defined sulfated polysaccharides of marine invertebrates and red algae. these sulfated polysaccharides are known as sulfated fucans (s ...201424639954
suboptimal choice by dogs: when less is better than more.the less is more effect, an example of an affect heuristic, can be shown in humans when they give greater value to a set of six baseball cards in perfect condition, than to the same set of six perfect cards together with three additional cards each with some value but in fair condition. a similar effect has been reported in monkeys which will eat both grapes and cucumbers but prefer grapes, when they prefer a single grape over a single grape plus a slice of cucumber. in the present experiment, w ...201424638874
single-copy gene-based chromosome painting in cucumber and its application for chromosome rearrangement analysis in cucumis.chromosome painting based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) has played an important role in chromosome identification and research into chromosome rearrangements, diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities and evolution in human and animal species. however, it has not been applied widely in plants due to the large amounts of dispersed repetitive sequences in chromosomes. in the present work, a chromosome painting method for single-copy gene pools in cucumis sativus was successfully develop ...201424635663
a cucumber della homolog csgaip may inhibit staminate development through transcriptional repression of b class floral homeotic genes.in hermaphroditic arabidopsis, the phytohormone gibberellin (ga) stimulates stamen development by opposing the della repression of b and c classes of floral homeotic genes. ga can promote male flower formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a typical monoecious vegetable with unisexual flowers, and the molecular mechanism remains unknown. here we characterized a della homolog csgaip in cucumber, and we found that csgaip is highly expressed in stem and male flower buds. in situ hybridization s ...201424632777
evidence of translocation and physiological impacts of foliar applied ceo2 nanoparticles on cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants.currently, most of the nanotoxicity studies in plants involve exposure to the nanoparticles (nps) through the roots. however, plants interact with atmospheric nps through the leaves, and our knowledge on their response to this contact is limited. in this study, hydroponically grown cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants were aerially treated either with nano ceria powder (nceo2) at 0.98 and 2.94 g/m(3) or suspensions at 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg/l. fifteen days after treatment, plants were analyzed ...201424625209
ceo₂ and zno nanoparticles change the nutritional qualities of cucumber (cucumis sativus).there is lack of information about the effects of nanoparticles (nps) on cucumber fruit quality. this study aimed to determine possible impacts on carbohydrates, proteins, mineral nutrients, and antioxidants in the fruit of cucumber plants grown in soil treated with ceo2 and zno nps at 400 and 800 mg/kg. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) was used to detect changes in functional groups, while icp-oes and μ-xrf were used to quantify and map the distribution of nutrient elements, respe ...201424611936
investigation on diazinon and oxydemeton-methyl residues in cucumbers grown in kerman greenhouses.pesticides are considered as the most polluting substances. the residue of pesticides in agricultural crops, especially in greenhouse harvests, has been reported critical. cucumber, considered as a vegetable, is an agricultural product which is commonly found in the iranian food basket. the current study aims to assess the level of diazinon and oxydemeton-methyl existing in cucumbers sampled from kerman greenhouses. the pesticide residue was extracted by acetone and dichloromethane. the extracts ...201424526616
postembryonic organogenesis of the digestive tube: why does it occur in worms and sea cucumbers but fail in humans?we provide an integrative view of mechanisms that enable regeneration of the digestive tube in various animal models, including vertebrates, tunicates, echinoderms, insects, and flatworms. two main strategies of regeneration of the endodermal luminal (mucosal) epithelium have evolved in metazoans. one of them involves proliferation of resident epithelial cells, while the other relies on recruitment of cells from extramucosal sources. in any of these two scenarios, either pluri-/multipotent stem ...201424512710
transcriptional regulation of the v-atpase subunit c and v-ppase isoforms in cucumis sativus under heavy metal stress.two electrogenic proton pumps, vacuolar h(+) transporting atpase (v-atpase, ec 3.6.3.14) and vacuolar h(+) transporting inorganic pyrophosphatase (v-ppase, ec 3.6.1.1), co-exist in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells. in this work, all csvha and csvhp genes encoding v-atpase and v-ppase, respectively, were identified in the cucumber genome. among them, three csvha-c genes for v-atpase subunit c and two csvhp1 genes for type i v-ppase were analyzed in detail. individual isogenes were differentia ...201423718549
analytical method for the determination of meptyldinocap as the 2,4-dinitro-octylphenol metabolite in cucumber and soil using lc-ms/ms and a study of the residues in a chinese cucumber field ecosystem.meptyldinocap (2,4-dnopc) is a novel powdery mildew (erysiphe necator) fungicide which shows protectant and post-infective activities. however, there is no reliable validated lc-ms/ms method for measuring trace levels of meptyldinocap in cucumber. a method for the determination of 2,4-dnopc using lc-ms/ms in cucumber and soil was developed. additionally, the mode of degradation and the residue levels in cucumbers and soils were investigated.201423505246
nutrient and enzymatic changes of hydrolysed tannery solid waste treated with epigeic earthworm eudrilus eugeniae and phytotoxicity assessment on selected commercial crops.animal fleshing (anfl) is the predominant proteinaceous solid waste generated during processing of leather and it is confronting disposal problems. the aim of this study was to assess the potential of epigeic earthworm eudrilus eugeniae to utilize and transform the fermented anfl in the solid state (ssf) and submerged state (smf) into a value added product along a low residence period (25 days). a total of six treatment units containing different waste mixture compositions were established. fift ...201423818071
effects of diethylphthalate and di-(2-ethyl)hexylphthalate on the physiology and ultrastructure of cucumber seedlings.phthalic acid esters (paes) are one kind of persistent organic pollutants. this study was conducted to investigate the effects of diethylphthalate (dep) and di(2-ethyl)hexylphthalate (dehp) with different concentrations (0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg l(-1)) on early seedling growth of cucumis sativus l. physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructure of seedling leaves were examined for 7-day exposure. the three antioxidant enzymes' activities was stimulated at low-dep treatments and decreased under ...201423860597
isolation and algicidal characterization of bowmanella denitrificans s088 against chlorella vulgaris.one strain of algicidal bacterium, named as s088, was isolated from the intestine of healthy sea cucumbers (stichopus horrens) in the south china sea. based on the analysis of its biochemical characteristics and 16s rdna gene sequence, s088 was identified as bowmanella denitrificans. importantly, the algicidal activity of s088 on chlorella vulgaris was characterized in this study. the initial densities of bacterial and algal cell showed strong influence on the removal rates of chlorophyll a. whe ...201424030170
antisense suppression of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) sucrose synthase 3 (cssus3) reduces hypoxic stress tolerance.sucrose synthase (sus; ec 2.4.1.13) plays important roles in sugar metabolism and abiotic stress response. but the genes encoding sus in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) have not been well studied. here, we isolated four cucumber sucrose synthase genes (cssus). among them, cssus3, which highly expressed in the roots, was chosen for further study. immunolocalization and subcellular localization analysis indicated that cssus3 localized in the cytosol and the plasma membrane, and mainly existed in the ...201424028217
polyamines induce adaptive responses in water deficit stressed cucumber roots.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous polyamines (pas) on the membrane status and proline level in roots of water stressed cucumber (cucumis sativus cv. dar) seedlings. it was found that water shortage resulted in an increase of membrane injury, lipoxygenase (lox) activity, lipid peroxidation and proline concentration in cucumber roots during progressive dehydration. pa pretreatment resulted in a distinct reduction of the injury index, and this effect was reflected by ...201423934013
cucurbita spp. and cucumis sativus enhance the dissipation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by stimulating soil microbial community development.a number of cucurbita species have the potential to extract polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) from soil, but their impact on the soil microbial communities responsible for pcb degradation remains unclear. a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three cucurbita and one cucumis species on pcb dissipation and soil microbial community structure. compared to the unplanted control, enhanced losses of pcbs (19.5%-42.7%) were observed in all planted soils. cucurbita pepo and cu ...201424077568
sustainable agricultural use of natural water sources containing elevated radium activity.relatively elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radium isotopes ((226)ra, (228)ra and (224)ra) are found in two main aquifers in the arid southern part of israel, in activity concentrations frequently exceeding the limits set in the drinking water quality regulations. we aimed to explore the environmental implications of using water containing ra for irrigation. several crops (cucumbers, melons, radish, lettuce, alfalfa and wheat), grown in weighing lysimeters were irrigated at 3 level ...201424345672
contrasting effect of silicon on iron, zinc and manganese status and accumulation of metal-mobilizing compounds in micronutrient-deficient cucumber.although the beneficial role of silicon (si) in alleviation of abiotic stress is well established, little is known of the relevance of si nutrition under microelement deficiency. the aim of our work was to investigate the physiological role of si in relation to micronutrient (fe, zn and mn) deficiencies in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). cucumber (cv. semkross) plants were grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution (control) and in nutrient solutions free from fe, zn or mn, with or with ...201424316009
attempts to reduce exposure to fungi, β-glucan, bacteria, endotoxin and dust in vegetable greenhouses and a packaging unit.indoor handling of large amounts of plant materials occurs in different occupational settings including greenhouses and causes exposure to bioaerosols. the bioaerosol components fungi, β-glucan, bacteria and endotoxin are involved in different airway symptoms and health effects can be dose-dependent. therefore, there is a persistent need to reduce exposure. the aims of this study were to identify tasks causing exposure and to evaluate preventive measures aimed at reducing exposure of greenhouse ...201424112965
evidence of programmed cell death induced by reconditioning after cold stress in cucumber fruit and possible involvement of ethylene.cucumber fruit is susceptible to chilling injury (ci), which could be accelerated significantly with subsequent shelf-life. this type of ci culminates in deterioration of organs and eventually leads to cell death. in this study, evidence of programmed cell death (pcd), involving cell death induced by cold stress, was investigated in cucumber. harvested cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. zhexiu-1) fruits were stored at 2 °c for 3, 6 or 9 days and subsequently transferred to 20 °c for 2 days.201424105489
genome-wide analysis of the wd-repeat protein family in cucumber and arabidopsis.the wd-repeat (wdr) proteins comprise an astonishingly diverse superfamily of regulatory proteins. to date, genome-wide characterization of this family has only been conducted in arabidopsis and little is known about wdr genes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). this study identified 191 cucumber wdr genes in the latest cucumber genome and the cswdr family contained a smaller number of identified genes compared to arabidopsis. the results of this study were also supported by genome distribution an ...201424292651
germination and root elongation bioassays in six different plant species for testing ni contamination in soil.in vitro short-term chronic phytotoxicity germination and root elongation test were applied to test the effects of nickel (ni) in seed germination and root elongation in six plants species: cucumis sativus (cucurbitaceae), lepidium sativum and brassica nigra (brassicaceae), trifolium alexandrinum and medicago sativa (fabaceae), phacelia tanacetifolia (boraginaceae). a naturally ni rich soil was used to compare the results obtained. unlike root elongation, germination was not affected by ni in an ...201424288040
grafting-responsive mirnas in cucumber and pumpkin seedlings identified by high-throughput sequencing at whole genome level.grafting is an important agricultural technique widely used for improving growth, yields and tolerance of crops to abiotic and biotic stresses. as one type of endogenous, non-coding small rnas, micrornas (mirnas) regulate development and responsiveness to biotic and abiotic stresses by negatively mediating expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. however, there have been few detailed studies to evaluate the role of mirnas in mediation of grafting-induced physiological proces ...201424279842
biology, temperature thresholds, and degree-day requirements for development of the cucumber moth, diaphania indica, under laboratory conditions.the cucumber moth, diaphania indica (saunders) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), is a tropical and sub-tropical cucurbits pest and a key greenhouse pest in the jiroft region of iran. in this study, the effect of different temperatures on the development of this pest was investigated on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitales: cucurbitaceae), leaves in a growth chamber at various constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35ºc). the results indicated that the development period from egg to adult death at ...201425373208
hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of saponin purified from holothuria leucospilota sea cucumber.holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are members of the phylum echinodermata, which produce saponins. saponins exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities. in this study, we isolated the crude saponins from the body wall of the dominant iranian species of sea cucumber, holothuria leucospilota (h. leucospilota). the purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of saponins in the persian gulf h. leucospilota and study the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of these compounds.201426989736
transcriptional regulation of abscisic acid signal core components during cucumber seed germination and under cu²⁺, zn²⁺, nacl and simulated acid rain stresses.abscisic acid (aba) is an important phytohormone that regulates lots of physiological and biochemical processes in plant life cycle, especially in seed germination and stress responses. for exploring the transcriptional regulation of aba signal transduction during cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seed germination and under cu(2+), zn(2+), nacl and simulated acid rain stresses, nine cspyls, three group a cspp2cs and two subclass iii cssnrk2s were identified from cucumber genome, which respectively s ...201424486581
seed oils from non-conventional sources in north-east india: potential feedstock for production of biodiesel.a total of nine oilseeds with more than 15 wt% oil have been investigated for evaluating them as feedstock for biodiesel industries. fatty acid profiles of all the nine oil samples have been determined by gc-ms analysis. the saponification numbers, gross heats of combustion of the oils and those of corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (fames) as well as cetane indices of the fames have been calculated empirically. iodine values have been determined experimentally. these values have been used f ...201424483850
effect of optimal daily fertigation on migration of water and salt in soil, root growth and fruit yield of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in solar-greenhouse.inappropriate and excessive irrigation and fertilization have led to the predominant decline of crop yields, and water and fertilizer use efficiency in intensive vegetable production systems in china. for many vegetables, fertigation can be applied daily according to the actual water and nutrient requirement of crops. a greenhouse study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of daily fertigation on migration of water and salt in soil, and root growth and fruit yield of cucumber. the t ...201424475204
cucumber superman has conserved function in stamen and fruit development and a distinct role in floral patterning.the arabidopsis superman (sup) gene encodes a c2h2 type zinc finger protein that is required for maintaining the boundaries between stamens and carpels, and for regulating development of ovule outer integument. orthologs of sup have been characterized in bisexual flowers as well as dioecious species, but it remains elusive in monoecious plants with unisexual flowers on the same individual. here we isolate the sup ortholog in cucumis sativus l (cssup), a monoecious vegetable. cssup is predominant ...201424465952
softenin, a novel protein that softens the connective tissue of sea cucumbers through inhibiting interaction between collagen fibrils.the dermis in the holothurian body wall is a typical catch connective tissue or mutable collagenous tissue that shows rapid changes in stiffness. some chemical factors that change the stiffness of the tissue were found in previous studies, but the molecular mechanisms of the changes are not yet fully understood. detection of factors that change the stiffness by working directly on the extracellular matrix was vital to clarify the mechanisms of the change. we isolated from the body wall of the se ...201424454910
phyto-indicators in detection of lindane residues in water.intensive use of pesticides, especially insecticides, in agriculture during the past several decades has already led to contamination of surface and underground waters and sediments in some regions, thus presents a serious problem for the environment. lindane was one of frequently applied insecticides for soil treatment. in serbia, it has been in use since 1944, but in the period 2001-2007 its use was restricted only to timber treatments. in 2009 an international ban on the use of lindane in agr ...201426080488
molecular cloning and characterization of novel phytocystatin gene from turmeric, curcuma longa.phytocystatin, a type of protease inhibitor (pi), plays major roles in plant defense mechanisms and has been reported to show antipathogenic properties and plant stress tolerance. recombinant plant pis are gaining popularity as potential candidates in engineering of crop protection and in synthesizing medicine. it is therefore crucial to identify pi from novel sources like curcuma longa as it is more effective in combating against pathogens due to its novelty. in this study, a novel cdna fragmen ...201425853138
a high-density genetic map of cucumber derived from specific length amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq).high-density genetic map provides an essential framework for accurate and efficient genome assembly and qtl fine mapping. construction of high-density genetic maps appears more feasible since the advent of next-generation sequencing (ngs), which eases snp discovery and high-throughput genotyping of large population. in this research, a high-density genetic map of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) was successfully constructed across an f2 population by a recently developed specific length amplified f ...201425610449
seldi-tof ms-based discovery of a biomarker in cucumis sativus seeds exposed to cuo nanoparticles.metal oxide nanoparticles (nps) can inhibit plant seed germination and root elongation via the release of metal ions. in the present study, two acute phytotoxicity tests, seed germination and root elongation tests, were conducted on cucumber seeds (cucumis sativus) treated with bulk copper oxide (cuo) and cuo nps. two concentrations of bulk cuo and cuo nps, 200 and 600ppm, were used to test the inhibition rate of root germination; both concentrations of bulk cuo weakly inhibited seed germination ...201425461552
corrigendum: relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers.[this corrects the article on p. 77 in vol. 2, pmid: 25250309.].201425434983
glycosaminoglycans analogs from marine invertebrates: structure, biological effects, and potential as new therapeutics.in this review, several glycosaminoglycan analogs obtained from different marine invertebrate are reported. the structure, biological activity and mechanism of action of these unique molecules are detailed reviewed and exemplified by experiments in vitro and in vivo. among the glycans studied are low-sulfated heparin-like polymers from ascidians, containing significant anticoagulant activity and no bleeding effect; dermatan sulfates with significant neurite outgrowth promoting activity and anti- ...201425309878
fruit removal increases root-zone respiration in cucumber.many attempts have been made to avoid the commonly observed fluctuations in fruit initiation and fruit growth in crop plants, particularly in cucumber (cucumis sativus). weak sinks of the fruit have been assumed to result in low sink/source ratios for carbohydrates, which may inhibit photosynthesis. this study focuses on the effects of low sink-source ratios on photosynthesis and respiration, and in particular root-zone respiration.201425301817
pseudocnoside a, a new cytotoxic and antiproliferative triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber pseudocnus dubiosus leoninus.a new triterpene glycoside, pseudocnoside a (1), was isolated from the sea cucumber pseudocnus dubiosus leoninus. the structure of the new compound was established on the basis of extensive nmr spectroscopic analysis ((1)h and (13)c nmr, (1)h,(1)h-cosy, hmbc, hsqc, tocsy and noesy), hr-esi-ms data and chemical transformations. in addition, the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities of 1 and structurally related triterpene glycosides isolated from the sea cucumbers psolus patagonicus and h ...201423244698
influence of activated charcoal amendment to contaminated soil on dieldrin and nutrient uptake by cucumbers.activated charcoal (ac) amendments have been suggested as a promising, cost-effective method to immobilize organic contaminants in soil. we performed pot experiments over two years with cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) grown in agricultural soil with 0.07 mg kg(-1) of weathered dieldrin and 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg ac per kg soil. dieldrin fresh weight concentrations in cucumber fruits were significantly reduced from 0.012 to an average of 0.004 mg kg(-1), and total uptake from 2 to 1 microg in the ...201419427724
evaluation of antibacterial activity of crude protein extracts from seeds of six different medical plants against standard bacterial strains.a huge group of natural antimicrobial compounds are active against a large spectrum of bacterial strains causing infectious threat. the present study was conducted to investigate the crude extracts of antimicrobial protein and peptide efficacy from six medicinal plant seeds. extraction was carried out in sodium phosphate citrate buffer, and sodium acetate buffer using different ph. antimicrobial activities of these plants were determined by the microbiological technique using agar well diffusion ...201424600307
analysis of the defence-related mechanism in cucumber seedlings in relation to root colonization by nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum cs-20.a defence response can be induced by nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum cs-20 in several crops, but the molecular mechanism has not been clearly demonstrated. in the present study, we analysed the defence mechanism of a susceptible cucumber cultivar (cucumis sativus l. 9930) against a pathogen (f. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) through the root precolonization of cs-20. a challenge inoculation assay indicated that the disease severity index (dsi) was reduced, ranging from 18.83 to 61.67 in comparis ...201424810367
first report of cucumber mosaic virus isolated from wild vigna angularis var. nipponensis in korea.a viral disease causing severe mosaic, necrotic, and yellow symptoms on vigna angularis var. nipponensis was prevalent around suwon area in korea. the causal virus was characterized as cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) on the basis of biological and nucleotide sequence properties of rnas 1, 2 and 3 and named as cmv-wva. cmv-wva isolate caused mosaic symptoms on indicator plants, nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi-nc, petunia hybrida, and cucumis sativus. strikingly, cmv-wva induced severe mosaic and malform ...201425289004
a non-persistently transmitted-virus induces a pull-push strategy in its aphid vector to optimize transmission and spread.plant viruses are known to modify the behaviour of their insect vectors, both directly and indirectly, generally adapting to each type of virus-vector relationship in a way that enhances transmission efficiency. here, we report results of three different studies showing how a virus transmitted in a non-persistent (np) manner (cucumber mosaic virus; cmv, cucumovirus) can induce changes in its host plant, cucumber (cucumis sativus cv. marumba) that modifies the behaviour of its aphid vector (aphis ...201424373951
decolourisation of acid orange 7 recalcitrant auto-oxidation coloured by-products using an acclimatised mixed bacterial culture.this study focuses on the biodegradation of recalcitrant, coloured compounds resulting from auto-oxidation of acid orange 7 (ao7) in a sequential facultative anaerobic-aerobic treatment system. a novel mixed bacterial culture, bac-zs, consisting of brevibacillus panacihumi strain zb1, lysinibacillus fusiformis strain zb2, and enterococcus faecalis strain zl bacteria were isolated from environmental samples. the acclimatisation of the mixed culture was carried out in an ao7 decolourised solution. ...201424293297
production of human tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) in cucumis sativus.tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) as a serine protease with 72 kd molecular mass and 527 amino acids plays an important role in the fibrinolytic system and the dissolution of fibrin clots in human body. the collective production of this drug in plants such as cucumber, one of the most important vegetables in the world, could reduce its production costs. in this study, after scrutiny of the appropriate regeneration of cucumber plant (isfahan variety) on ms medium with naphthalene acetic acid hor ...201424152103
antibacterial and antifungal activity of holothuria leucospilota isolated from persian gulf and oman sea.emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment.201425147657
histochemical visualization of ros and antioxidant response to viral infections of vegetable crops grown in azerbaijan.extremes of environmental conditions, such as biotic stresses, strongly affect plant growth and development and may adversely affect photosynthetic process. virus infection is especially problematic in crops, because unlike other diseases, its impact cannot be reduced by phytosanitary treatments. the vegetable crops (solanum lycopеrsicum l, cucurbita melo l., cucumis sativus l., piper longum l., solánum melongéna l., vicia faba l.) showing virus-like symptoms were collected from fields located i ...201424661407
cucumber metal transport protein mtp8 confers increased tolerance to manganese when expressed in yeast and arabidopsis thaliana.cation diffusion facilitator (cdf) proteins are ubiquitous divalent cation transporters that have been proved to be essential for metal homeostasis and tolerance in archaebacteria, bacteria, and eukaryota. in plants, cdfs are designated as metal tolerance proteins (mtps). due to the lack of genomic resources, studies on mtps in other plants, including cultivated crops, are lacking. here, the identification and organization of genes encoding members of the mtp family in cucumber are described. th ...201425039075
molecular characterization, 3d model analysis, and expression pattern of the cmubc gene encoding the melon ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme under drought and salt stress conditions.ubiquitin-conjugating (ubc) enzyme is a key enzyme in ubiquitination. here, we describe the cloning, characterization, and expression pattern of a novel gene, cmubc, from a melon. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences allowed the identification of highly conserved motifs. synteny analysis between cucumis sativus l. and arabidopsis demonstrated that homologs of several cucumis ubc genes were found in corresponding syntenic blocks of arabidopsis. the homology structure model of the cmubc ...201424213845
effect of ripening stage on the development of the microbial community during spontaneous fermentation of green tomatoes.spontaneous fermentation of plant-derived material is mainly performed on a small scale, with the exception of fermented olives, cucumbers, sauerkraut and kimchi, which have met worldwide commercial significance.201424284907
colletotrichum orbiculare secretes virulence effectors to a biotrophic interface at the primary hyphal neck via exocytosis coupled with sec22-mediated traffic.the hemibiotrophic pathogen colletotrichum orbiculare develops biotrophic hyphae inside cucumber (cucumis sativus) cells via appressorial penetration; later, the pathogen switches to necrotrophy. c. orbiculare also expresses specific effectors at different stages. here, we found that virulence-related effectors of c. orbiculare accumulate in a pathogen-host biotrophic interface. fluorescence-tagged effectors accumulated in a ring-like region around the neck of the biotrophic primary hyphae. fluo ...201424850852
cucumis sativus l-type lectin receptor kinase (cslecrk) gene family response to phytophthora melonis, phytophthora capsici and water immersion in disease resistant and susceptible cucumber cultivars.l-type lectin receptor kinase (lecrk) proteins are an important family involved in diverse biological processes such as pollen development, senescence, wounding, salinity and especially in innate immunity in model plants such as arabidopsis and tobacco. till date, lecrk proteins or genes of cucumber have not been reported. in this study, a total of 25 lecrk genes were identified in the cucumber genome, unequally distributed across its seven chromosomes. according to similarity comparison of thei ...201425065921
molecular characterization of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (wmcsv) from palestine.the incidence of watermelon chlorotic stunt disease and molecular characterization of the palestinian isolate of watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (wmcsv-[pal]) are described in this study. symptomatic leaf samples obtained from watermelon citrullus lanatus (thunb.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants were tested for wmcsv-[pal] infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and rolling circle amplification (rca). disease incidence ranged between 25%-98% in watermelon fields in the studied ar ...201424956181
effect of intestinal autochthonous probiotics isolated from the gut of sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) on immune response and growth of a. japonicus.the study isolated 224 bacteria from the intestine of apostichopus japonicus, then selected and identified three of the bacteria (hs1, hs7, and hs10) which demonstrated amylase, lipase, and protease production capacity as candidate probiotics for sea cucumbers. the three potential probiotics showed no pathogenicity both in hemolytic assays on sheep blood agar plates and after immersing sea cucumbers in a suspension of the bacteria. to reveal the effects of these three potential probiotics on the ...201424727198
squash leaf curl virus (slcv): a serious disease threatening cucurbits production in palestine.the incidence of squash leaf curl disease and molecular characterization of the palestinian isolate of squash leaf curl virus [slcv-(pal)] are described in this study. symptomatic leaf samples obtained from squash (cucurbita pepo), watermelon [citrullus lanatus (thunb.)], and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants were tested for slcv-[pal] infection by pcr and rca. slcv was also found to occur naturally in chenopodium murale, convolvulus sp, and prosporis farcta which showed yellowing. the diseas ...201424258392
photodynamic decontamination of foodstuff from staphylococcus aureus based on novel formulations of curcumin.increasing antibiotic resistance is one of the world's greatest health problems. the food chain is an important factor in the transfer of resistant germs from animals to humans. this study focuses on photodynamic inactivation (pdi), employing curcumin bound to polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp-c) and novasol®-curcumin as photosensitizers, as potent tool for the decontamination of cucumber, pepper and chicken meat from staphylococcus aureus (serving as the model for methicillin-resistant s. aureus, mrsa) ...201424957403
antibacterial activity of the body wall extracts of sea cucumber (invertebrata; echinodermata) on infectious oral streptococci.abstract background: the present study was carried out to test the antibacterial effect of the body wall of the sea cucumber holothuria leucospilota brandt on streptococcus mutans and streptococcus salivarius. methods: after sampling sea cucumbers from the persian gulf, different extractions were prepared. then, aqueous, phosphate-buffered saline (pbs, ph 7.8), chloroform, hexane and methanolic extracts from sea cucumber body wall were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacte ...201424468613
characterization of antimicrobial resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicas).this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular resistance mechanisms of 87 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from cultured sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus). the results showed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cephazolin, fewer of them were resistant to streptomycin (43·7%), cefuroxime sodium (18·4%), tetracycline (4·6%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2·3%) and four quinolones (2·3%). more than half (56·2%) of the isolates displayed multiple r ...201424684348
how does the host-specialized aphid deal with food deficiency?aphis gossypii glover shows obvious host specialization, with cucurbit- and cotton-specialized biotypes or host races in many regions. because its annual natal host crops senesce earlier the cucurbit-specialized biotype may suffer food deficiency. the method this biotype uses to overcome this challenge is still poorly understood. in order to understand the potential of the cucurbit-specialized biotype aphids in host shift and usage, the performance of this biotype on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), ...201424526656
[effects of different catch modes on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of cucumber].effects of different catch modes on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community in the rhizosphere of cucumber (cucumis sativus) were analyzed by conventional chemical method, pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and real-time pcr methods. pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse for three consecutive years with cucumber as the main crop, and scallion (allium fistulosum), wheat (triticum aestivum) and oilseed rape (brassica campestri) as catch crops. results showed that, ...201425876408
phytotoxicity of 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone isolated from carya cathayensis sarg. to various plant species.the aqueous extract from carya cathayensis sarg. exocarp was centrifuged, filtered, and separated into 11 elution fractions by x-5 macroporous resin chromatography. a phenolic compound, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from the fractions with the strongest phytotoxicity by bioassy-guided fractionation, and investigated for phytotoxicity on lettuce (latuca sativa l.), radish (raphanus sativus l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), onion (allium cepa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l ...201425264832
[ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)].nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ...201425338393
determination of trace and heavy metals in some commonly used medicinal herbs in ayurveda.traditionally, the herbal drugs are well established for their therapeutic benefits. depending upon their geographical sources sometimes the trace and heavy metals' content may differ, which may lead to severe toxicity. so, the toxicological and safety assessment of these herbal drugs are one of the major issues in recent days. eight different plant species including aloe vera, centella asiatica, calendula officinalis, cucumis sativus, camellia sinensis, clitoria ternatea, piper betel and tagete ...201423222691
polymorphisms of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus and their association with heat-resistance.heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) functions as a molecular chaperone and plays an important role in the resistance of organisms to stress, particularly heat-stress. in our study, 12 exons and 11 introns of hsp90 were identified in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. twenty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), including three non-synonymous mutations, were detected in the exons. susceptible and resistant individuals were distinguished using a high-temperature (32 °c) challenge experiment. ...201425270529
differential gene expression in the respiratory tree of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus during aestivation.sea cucumbers, apostichopus japonicus, experience seasonally high water temperatures during the summer months and enter aestivation to survive. aestivation is characterized by strong metabolic rate depression which is supported by a series of strategies including reorganizing metabolic processes, suppressing cell functions, enhancing cytoprotective mechanisms, and altered gene expression. the respiratory tree tissue of the sea cucumber is an excellent material for studying aestivation, undergoin ...201425038515
application of two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae for plant-pest interaction studies.the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, is a ubiquitous polyphagous arthropod herbivore that feeds on a remarkably broad array of species, with more than 150 of economic value. it is a major pest of greenhouse crops, especially in solanaceae and cucurbitaceae (e.g., tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, cucumbers, zucchini) and greenhouse ornamentals (e.g., roses, chrysanthemum, carnations), annual field crops (such as maize, cotton, soybean, and sugar beet), and in perennial cultures (alfalfa ...201425046103
association between photosynthesis and contrasting features of minor veins in leaves of summer annuals loading phloem via symplastic versus apoplastic routes.foliar vascular anatomy and photosynthesis were evaluated for a number of summer annual species that either load sugars into the phloem via a symplastic route (cucumis sativus l. cv. straight eight; cucurbita pepo l. cv. italian zucchini romanesco; citrullus lanatus l. cv. faerie hybrid; cucurbita pepo l. cv. autumn gold) or an apoplastic route (nicotiana tabacum l.; solanum lycopersicum l. cv. brandywine; gossypium hirsutum l.; helianthus annuus l. cv. soraya), as well as winter annual apoplast ...201424450755
intra- and interspecific competition between western flower thrips and sweetpotato whitefly.the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), are both invasive insect pests and are present in most of the same agricultural crops without a clear dominance of either species. here, intra- and interspecific competition in b. tabaci and f. occidentalis was determined under controlled experiments. the results showed that intraspecific competition was distinct in f. occidentalis and that the co-occurrence of b. tabaci ha ...201425480973
seed germination, root elongation, root-tip mitosis, and micronucleus induction of five crop plants exposed to chromium in fluvo-aquic soil.the present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of chromium (cr) on cabbage (brassica oleracea), cucumber (cucumis sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), wheat (triticum aestivum), and corn (zea mays), and identify the sensitive plant species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of cr in soil. results showed that seed germination might not be a sensitive assay for assessing cr toxicity because at most of the cr levels there were no toxic effects. root elong ...201424318542
the evaluation of trace elements of interest in kidney disease in commonly consumed greenhouse vegetables in isfahan, iran: preliminary results.trace elements play a significant role in biological processes. the aim of this study was to evaluate the trace elements of interest in kidney disease in commonly consumed greenhouse vegetables in isfahan, iran. six kinds of greenhouse vegetables namely; raphanus sativus (radish), cucumis sativus (cucamber), solanum lycopersicum (tomato), green capsicum annuum (green bell pepper), yellow capsicum annuum (yellow bell pepper) and red capsicum annuum (red bell pepper) were collected from isfahan gr ...201425340168
effect of short-term water deficit stress on antioxidative systems in cucumber seedling roots.cucumber is one of the most popular vegetables, and have little tolerance for water stress. the antioxidant defense system is one of major drought defense and adaptive mechanisms in plants, however, relatively few data are available regarding antioxidant systems in responses of cucumber to water deficit. the effect of short-term drought stress on the antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation and water content in cucumber seedlings roots was investigated.201428510935
packed-column gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of 10 pyrethroid insecticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and grains.a simple, rapid, packed-column gas chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of 10 pyrethroid insecticide residues (allethrin, biphenthrin, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, deltamethrin, and py-115) in fruits, vegetables, and grains. these multiresidues are extracted from various crops with acetone-petroleum ether and cleaned up on a florisil column (for the fruits and vegetables) or on a florisil-charcoal-alumina column (for ...20158012228
gas chromatographic determination of captan, folpet, and captafol residues in tomatoes, cucumbers, and apples using a wide-bore capillary column: interlaboratory study.an interlaboratory study of the determination of captan, folpet, and captafol in tomatoes, cucumbers, and apples was conducted by 4 laboratories using wide-bore capillary column gas chromatography with electron capture detection. the 3 fungicides were determined using the luke et al. multiresidue method modified to include additional solvent elution in the optional florisil column cleanup step used with this method. the crops were fortified with each fungicide at 3 levels per crop. mean recoveri ...20151783591
comparative photobiology of growth responses to two uv-b wavebands and uv-c in dim-red-light- and white-light-grown cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings: physiological evidence for photoreactivation.we examined the influence of short-term exposures of different uv wavebands on the elongation and phototropic curvature of hypocotyls of cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.) grown in white light (wl) and dim red light (drl). we evaluated (1) whether different wavebands within the ultraviolet b (uv-b) region elicit different responses; (2) the hypocotyl elongation response elicited by ultraviolet c (uv-c); (3) whether irradiation with blue light-enriched white light (b/wl) given simultaneous with uv-b ...201515960589
potential health concerns of trace elements and mineral content in commonly consumed greenhouse vegetables in isfahan, iran.this study aimed to investigate the potential health concerns of trace elements and mineral content of commonly consumed greenhouse vegetables in isfahan, iran.201526605243
medical gains of chondroitin sulfate upon fucosylation.chondroitin sulfate (cs) is a glycosaminoglycan (gag) composed of alternating n-acetyl galactosamine and glucuronic acid units within disaccharide building blocks. cs is a key functional component in proteoglycans of cartilaginous tissues. owing to its numerous biological roles, cs is widely explored in the pharmaceutical market as nutraceutical ingredient commonly utilized against arthritis, osteoarthrosis, and sometimes osteoporosis. tissues like shark cartilage and bovine trachea are common s ...201526560742
tetraoxanes as a new class of efficient herbicides comparable with commercial products.several 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesised, and their herbicidal activity was tested against weeds and compared with the activity of commercial herbicides glyphosate and imazethapyr.201525157959
transcriptome profiling of trichome-less reveals genes associated with multicellular trichome development in cucumis sativus.trichomes on plants, similar to fine hairs on animal and human bodies, play important roles in plant survival and development. they also represent a useful model for the study of cell differentiation. although the regulatory gene network of unicellular trichome development in arabidopsis thaliana has been well studied, the genes that regulate multicellular trichome development remain unclear. we confirmed that cucumis sativus (cucumber) trichomes are multicellular and unbranched, but identified ...201525952908
plant aldo-keto reductases (akrs) as multi-tasking soldiers involved in diverse plant metabolic processes and stress defense: a structure-function update.the aldo-keto reductase (akr) superfamily comprises of a large number of primarily monomeric protein members, which reduce a broad spectrum of substrates ranging from simple sugars to potentially toxic aldehydes. plant akrs can be broadly categorized into four important functional groups, which highlight their roles in diverse plant metabolic reactions including reactive aldehyde detoxification, biosynthesis of osmolytes, secondary metabolism and membrane transport. further, multiple overlapping ...201525840343
molecular and physiological mechanisms regulating tissue reunion in incised plant tissues.interactions among the functionally specialized organs of higher plants ensure that the plant body develops and functions properly in response to changing environmental conditions. when an incision or grafting procedure interrupts the original organ or tissue connection, cell division is induced and tissue reunion occurs to restore physiological connections. such activities have long been observed in grafting techniques, which are advantageous not only for agriculture and horticulture but also f ...201525736731
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