Publications

soviet anthrax explanation is debunked.		1980	17747803
[opsonin activity of the anti-anthrax serum immunoglobulins].		1980	6156290
intestinal anthrax in man: a case report.		1980	7214503
[rare form of anthrax with a lesion of the lids of both eyes].		1980	7366166
transmission of anthrax.		1980	7371075
reporting of zoonotic diseases.	departments of public health and agriculture in all 50 states of the united states and the district of columbia were queried in 1977 to determine which of some selected zoonoses are reportable, the method of reporting and the diagnostic stage at which reporting is required. fifty-three of the 62 diseases on the public health questionnaire were listed as reportable, with hepatitis a required by 49 of the 51 jurisdictions. telephone reporting was required in nearly 19% of the disease-jurisdiction ...	1980	7395853
anthrax and its transmission to humans.		1980	7407891
anthrax in humans in zimbabwe.		1980	7407895
[epidemiologic analysis of anthrax in sverdlovsk].		1980	7415678
death at sverdlovsk: a critical diagnosis.		1980	7433972
the effects of war on the control of diseases of livestock in rhodesia (zimbabwe).	the disruption of veterinary services in the tribal areas of rhodesia (now zimbabwe) during seven years of conflict resulted in serious epidemics of disease. the cessation of dipping was followed by the death of an estimated one million cattle from tick-borne disease. heavy mortality followed the disruption of control measures for trypanosomiasis. foot-and-mouth disease and anthrax spread widely in the tribal areas. rabies, normally restricted to areas bordering botswana and mocambique, became w ...	1980	7445371
[case of recurrent human anthrax occurring several weeks after the primary disease].	the carbuncle was located on the back of the right hand in the primary anthrax infection and on the lower third of the right leg in the secondary infection. in both cases the diagnosis of anthrax was confirmed bacteriologically and by the anthraxin test. the course of the secondary infection was less severe. the conclusion on the possibility for rare cases of anthrax recurring has been made. this fact may be important for the assessment of immunity.	1980	7445847
[jet immunization with polyvalent vaccine against plague, tularemia, and anthrax].		1980	7445856
[water as a vector of infection: waterborne bacteria (author's transl)].	the cholera and typhoid epidemics caused by drinking water were still characterized, at the beginning of the century by a high rate of morbidity and lethality. in addition to these micro-organisms, there are yet other pathogens which find their way into the drinking water. therefore the pathogens causing infection and for which water can serve as a vector, are shown in a survey and for some of them their survival times in the various types of water are mentioned. the remedial measures which were ...	1980	7456871
[dermatologic form of anthrax diagnosed at the dental clinic].		1980	6931659
[optimization of anthrax vaccination on the basis of rational classification of populated sites].	the improved epidemiological situation requires the proper revision of the tactics used in vaccinating the population against anthrax. the important task lies in the optimization of the immunoprophylaxis of the rural population in accordance with the epizootologic situation in a given locality. to ensure correct orientation in choosing the groups of population to be vaccinated a rational classification of inhabited localities is proposed: they are classified as anthrax-free and anthrax-affected, ...	1980	6447426
bacterial immunizations.		1980	6766272
uncommon acute bacterial pneumonias.		1980	6766568
[diagnostic data on anthrax in humans].		1980	6768196
[investigations on disinfection and sterilization of surfaces by ultraviolet radiation (author's transl)].	some model investigations have been made in order to find out if disinfection or sterilization in an ultraviolet radiation cabinet (fig. 1) is effective. the reduction rate of spores of bacillus anthracis dried to germ carriers of aluminium, ceramics or wood was used for indicating the germicidal effect. it was found, that a 7.5 times higher dose of radiation was necessary to reach a similar reduction rate of spores on germ carriers of ceramics as it was found for the ones of aluminium (tab. 1 a ...	1980	6774514
[preparation, control and application of anthrax vaccine in ussr].	reported in this paper are the preparation, testing and application of two live vaccines against anthrax in the ussr. they were sti live vaccine in liquid and lyophilised forms and ghki live vaccine in lyophilised form. official tests for purity were conducted, using growth factors of cultures, whereas harmlessness was tested on rabbit and effectiveness on guinea-pig and later on sheep, after some five years had elapsed. quantitative methods by which to test the effectiveness of vgnki are now be ...	1980	6774689
[a focus of human and animal anthrax in the area surrounding kati (republic of mali)].	followed of one human and animal anthrax in the circle of kati (republic of mali), 1978. this localized affection interested 84 men and 38 domesticated animals. the preventive dispositions of infection and damming in of transmission are considered.	1980	6774823
[current status of vaccine treatment of zoonotic infections].		1980	6776687
[survival of anthrax spores on surfaces (author's transl)].	the survival of spores of bac. anthracis on the surfaces of wood, resopal, aluminum, teflon, pvc, lacquered sheet metal and ceramics was investigated during a period of 987 days. two figures are showing the logarithmical reduction rates of germ counts on these materials. the lowest reduction rates were found on wood, the highest on ceramics. on dark surfaces the reduction rate was not as high as on light ones. the increase of relative humidity from 35% to 45% seems to enforce th inactivation of ...	1980	6779445
determination of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of carcass, bone and blood meal.	the ph value and the moisture, fat and protein content of abattoir by-products which are commercially available in the republic of south africa were examined, and the total bacterial count and the extent of salmonella, escherichia coli, bacillus, yeast and fungus contamination were determined. the extremes and reasonably attainable quality standards were deduced from the highest frequency and mean values of these figures. the total bacterial count was not statistically predictable from variables ...	1980	6785682
gram-positive pneumonias.		1980	6993804
[war and protection against epidemics].		1980	6998225
[anthrax in the differential diagnosis of surgical skin infections].		1980	6999823
the value of animal models.		1980	7006406
anthrax. william smith greenfield, m.d., f.r.c.p., professor superintendent, the brown animal sanatory institution (1878-81). concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax.	the purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that w. s. greenfield, working at the brown animal sanatory institution in london, prepared an effective vaccine against anthrax and described his results some months before the experiment of pasteur at pouilly-le-fort. partly through lack of financial support and partly due to opposition by the antivivisectionists, greenfield was forced to confine his experiments to a small number of animals, but his results were nevertheless conclusive ...	1980	7007487
inhalation anthrax.		1980	7013615
virgil on anthrax.		1981	7023266
anthrax toxin.		1981	7025030
comparison of growth and toxin production in two vaccine strains of bacillus anthracis.	two vaccine strains of bacillus anthracis were monitored in a 10-liter fermentor to compare growth patterns and toxin production. under identical conditions, the sterne strain produced all three components of anthrax toxin, whereas strain v770 produced only the protective antigen.	1981	6787986
[anthrax].		1981	6789028
[human carbuncle (anthrax) presentation of a case].	a case of human anthrax in a 12-month-old child is presented. most recent literature and pathophysiology of this disease was reviewed. our attention was called upon patient's age, rarity of this disease in our country and mainly, the form of presentation which difficulted the clinical and laboratory diagnosis. it was characterized by the presence of pustules over the entire surface of the body, with respiratory and neurological manifestations. diagnosis was made on the basis of cultures of skin ...	1981	6789847
anthrax meningitis, a rare clinical entity.		1981	6790511
[immunogenic effect of anthrax protective antigen].	in experimental immunization of sheep and goats against anthrax the vaccine containing our own protective antigen (pa) whose serological activity was evaluated by the titre 1:16 was used. pa was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel at the ratio 30 parts of gel and 100 parts of antigen. in the control experiment the doses of the virulent anthrax strain were as follows: 10(6) (sheep) and 5.10(6) (goats). the single vaccination provided only 60% protection, the repeated 100% protection. by the titra ...	1981	6791360
anthrax.		1981	6792089
[stability of the chief properties of live anthrax vaccine produced in liquid and solid nutrient media].		1981	6792839
observations on infections associated with south wales natural waters.		1981	6795173
bacillus anthracis on gruinard island.		1981	6795509
anthrax meningitis.		1981	6800657
the occurrence and significance to animal health of leptospira, mycobacterium, escherichia coli, brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis in sewage and sewage sludges.	samples of sewage, sewage sludge and sewage effluent from one or more of four sewage treatment plants were examined for the presence of leptospira, mycobacterium, escherichia coli, brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis. brucella abortus and bacillus anthracis were not isolated. eleven strains of e. coli potentially enteropathogenic for calves or piglets, eight pathogenic strains of mycobacterium and one patho;genic leptospira strain were isolated from 101, 189 and 189 samples respectively. sew ...	1981	6780619
[an unusual case of anthrax infection (author's transl)].		1981	6454507
[rare form of anthrax].		1981	6974923
[anthrax meningitis: an ostensibly primary case].		1981	7232164
anthrax meningitis in zimbabwe.		1981	7261058
methods of quantitative microbiological analyses that support the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human infection.	the microorganisms responsible for the production of an infection may be considered to be in two classes: classical microbes and host-defined microbes. classical microbes are those pathogens which fulfill the koch-henle postulates, and their isolation from a host indicates infection. they are not normally part of the body's normal flora, although they may be acquired by the host and enter into a passive relationship known as the carrier state. examples of this type of microbe are bacillus anthra ...	1981	7273838
[errors in diagnosing a case of anthrax].		1981	7345591
an epizootic of anthrax in goats and sheep in danbatta nigeria.		1981	7348590
a new test of differentiation of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis based on the existence of spore appendages.		1981	6799753
case of anthrax meningitis survival.		1981	6895865
anthrax island.		1982	6799833
robert koch (1843-1910)--the man and his work.		1982	6753182
evaluation of a microfluorometer in immunofluorescence assays of individual spores of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus.	a microfluorometer was constructed by modifying a standard fluorescent microscope with a fibre optic eyepiece and a simple photometric system. it was evaluated in direct immunofluorescence assays of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus spores immobilised on multispot microscope slides. from measurements of stable fluorescent crystals comparable in size to the spores, it was inferred that the fluorescence intensity of a stained bacterium could be measured with good precision. fluctuation of a e ...	1982	6802901
anthrax island.		1982	6803170
an 1898 report by gamaleya for a lytic agent specific for bacillus anthracis.		1982	6806352
[a hundred years ago: robert koch discovers the agent of tuberculosis].		1982	6808663
[robert koch, founder of modern microbiology].		1982	6808776
[epidemiological situation of human carbuncle in upper volta (author's transl)].	after the statistical statement concerning human carbuncle in upper volta in 1976, 1977 and 1978, the authors report their clinical and epidemiological ascertainments observed during the opportunity of four surveys. among the cutaneous forms, cephalic localization is the most frequently observed. visceral forms are essentially digestive, sometimes respiratory, never neurological. in its voltaic foci (grounds made of clayey alluvium, regulatory flooded), carbuncle stretches to endemic-sporadic fo ...	1982	6809350
[a simple micromethod for the determination of specific igg content against bacterial somatic antigens in rabbit immune sera by a modified enzyme immunoassay].		1982	6810590
[cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax].	the immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. the study base ...	1982	6812331
new method for differentiating members of the bacillus cereus group: collaborative study.	a collaborative study was conducted of a new method for differentiating members of the bacillus cereus group. using the new method, each of 14 collaborators identified 8 bacillus cultures, which represented 3 biotypes of the b. cereus group. each culture was tested for motility, hemolytic activity on trypticase-soy-sheep blood agar, and rhizoid growth on nutrient agar; carbol-fuchsin stain was used to determine the presence of protein toxin crystals. cultures were identified as b. cereus (biotyp ...	1982	6813307
anthrax-specific "ap 50-like" phages isolated from bacillus cereus strains.	phages exerting a specific action on bacillus anthracis were isolated from mitomycin c-induced concentrated lysates of 5 bacillus cereus strains producing megacin a (phospholipase a). in electron micrographs the phages closely resembled the anthrax-specific, lipid containing phage ap 50 isolated earlier from soil sample. the phages were similar to ap 50 also in their antigenic and chemical structure, host range and sensitivity to organic solvents, detergents and caesium chloride. the dna charact ...	1982	6814198
[new immunofluorescent method for the rapid determination of microbial antibiotic sensitivity].	a new procedure for rapid determination of the levels of antibiotic sensitivity in pathogenic microorganisms with the use of fluorescent antibodies is described. the procedure was developed with the use of a model of the vaccinal strains of bacillus anthracis. it is based on determination of the microbial antibiotic resistance with the method of serial dilutions on solid media. still, the medium with an antibiotic is inoculated instead of the pathogen with the native material subject to the anal ...	1982	6816140
assessment of immunofluorescence measurements of individual bacteria in direct and indirect assays for bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus spores.		1982	6819288
[effect of specific vaccinal antigens and preparations on general resistance in growing experimental and domestic animals].	studied was the effect of some viral and bacterial antigens as well as of a preparation obtained by filatov's method (modified by the author) on the general resistance in growing laboratory and domestic animals. it was found that in infantile albino mice the best protection against challenge with escherichia coli and pasteurella avicida was provided through the treatment with a biostimulator and a killed culture of a strongly proteolytic, unidentified strain of the 't3' bacterium. the vaccines a ...	1982	6820584
[comparative study of three lysogenic systems for the testing of potential mutagens and carcinogens].		1982	6820616
[findings on the spread of anthrax spores in the provincial territory of milan with tanneries].	this paper presents the results of a research, started since 1976, on the environmental spreading of the anthrax spores in the county of milan, where there is an high concentration of leather manufactures preparing and tanning skins mostly imported from africa. b. anthracis spores were found in the raw skins, in the sewage water from the tanning units and in the fresh and dry sludges from the tannery water treatment plants. we propose hereby few operational procedures for the sanitizing of the i ...	1982	6821338
anthrax surveillance 1961-80.		1982	6799106
[robert koch; man and work (author's transl)].	the paper presents a brief survey of robert koch's brilliant achievement in medicine, with particular emphasis being placed on his discovery of the tubercle bacillus made known on 24th march, 1882, his information about the aetiology of anthrax in 1876, and the pathogens of wound infection (1878), as his most valuable contributions to medical research and practice. robert koch can truly be regarded as one of the great benefactors of mankind. he was a genius endowed with spiritual and practical a ...	1982	7046286
anthrax island. why worry?		1982	7099248
[anthrax of the eyelids].		1982	7132185
communicable disease report. united kingdom--october to december 1981.		1982	7140228
anthrax in infants and children in afghanistan.		1982	7152595
a major epidemic of anthrax in zimbabwe.		1982	7168859
[outbreak of anthrax infections in human and domestic animals and the treatment of infectious foci in jiayu county].		1982	7185449
antibiotic therapy in the control of an outbreak of anthrax in dairy cows.		1982	6182872
variations on the staining method in quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assays for bacillus spores, and the use of fluorescein--protein a.	quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assays for b. anthracis and b. cereus spores fixed on multispot microscope slides have been performed using a microfluorometer to measure the fluorescence of individual bacteria. a study has been made of variations of the indirect assay sequence, in which the washing operation between application of 1st and 2nd antibody types was omitted. in one modification the addition of the indirect antibody was deferred, and in the second the direct and indirect reag ...	1982	6184416
[carbon assimilation from a nahco3 nutrient medium by an sti-1 strain culture].		1982	6282014
anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic amp concentrations of eukaryotic cells.	anthrax toxin is composed of three proteins: protective antigen (pa), lethal factor (lf), and edema factor (ef). these proteins individually cause no known physiological effects in animals but in pairs produce two toxic actions. injection of pa with lf causes death of rats in 60 min, whereas pa with ef causes edema in the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. the mechanisms of action of these proteins have not been determined. it is shown here that ef is an adenylate cyclase [atp pyrophosphate-lyase ...	1982	6285339
a winter outbreak of anthrax in cattle in saskatchewan.	anthrax was diagnosed in a cow on a ranch in southwest saskatchewan in february of 1980. confirmation was based on bacteriological isolation from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. evidence suggests that a creek on the ranch had carried the organisms from an area of previous infection years earlier. it is noteworthy in this case that the spleen was not enlarged. carcass disposal, vaccination, and disinfection procedures are discussed.	1982	17422191
commentaries on anthrax in ruminants.		1983	17422264
[the camp system and bacterial toxins].	the effects of cytotoxic proteinaceous bacterial toxins on the adenylate cyclase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) system of host cells are reviewed. bacterial exotoxins affecting intracellular camp levels of host cells can be classified into two subgroups: (1) adenosine diphosphate (adp)-ribosyl-transferases and, (2) invasive adenylate cyclases. among the adp-ribosylating toxins are the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, of escherichia coli and one of the pertussis toxins termed "islet-activa ...	1983	6317939
anthrax eradication in cyprus: an historical survey.		1983	6346620
evidence for plasmid-mediated toxin production in bacillus anthracis.	large-molecular-weight plasmids were isolated from virulent and avirulent strains of bacillus anthracis. each strain contained a single plasmid species unique from the others with respect to molecular weight. bacterial strains were cured of their resident extrachromosomal gene pools by sequential passage of cultures at 42.5 degrees c. coincidental to the curing of plasmids was a loss of detectable lethal toxin and edema-producing activities and a dramatic decrease in lethal factor and protective ...	1983	6401695
elaboration of bacillus anthracis antigens in a new, defined culture medium.	improved culture conditions and a new, completely synthetic medium (r medium) were developed to facilitate the production of bacillus anthracis holotoxin antigens. levels of these antigens up to fivefold greater than the highest previously reported values were recovered with the described system. cultures of sterne, v770-np1-r, and vollum 1b strains of b. anthracis were monitored for growth, ph change, glucose utilization, supernatant protein concentration, lethal toxin activity, and protease ac ...	1983	6401697
differentiation between spores of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus by a quantitative immunofluorescence technique.	a quantitative immunofluorescence assay based on fiber optic microscopy was used to measure the reaction of formalized spores of bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus isolates with fluorescein conjugates prepared by hyperimmunization with b. anthracis vollum spores. the spores of 11 of the 20 b. cereus strains reacted with the anti-anthrax conjugate to such an extent that they were indistinguishable from the spores of the several b. anthracis isolates tested. however, absorption of the conjugat ...	1983	6402519
decontamination of bacillus anthracis on gruinard island?	in experiments on gruinard island 40 years ago small bombs containing spores of bacillus anthracis were suspended from a gantry and detonated, producing widespread contamination of the island's surface. recently, analysis of soil samples has shown that the area where the spores can now be detected is small enough to be considered for decontamination. we investigated the effect of treating the soil with sporicidal chemicals, namely, potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, cidex ('ac ...	1983	6405284
chemical and immunological properties of b. anthracis arginase and its metabolic involvement.	an arginase isolated from a capsulated bacillus anthracis strain was highly purified and crystallized. the chemical and immunological characteristics of this enzyme re described. some very important properties differ from those of another bacterial arginase, i.e. staphylococcus aureus arginase, described in a previous paper (soru et al. (2)). the two arginases have different crystallization forms, different molecular weight, km, thermostability, arrhenius activation energy. they have another n-t ...	1983	6406830
comparison of immunoradiometric assays of bacillus anthracis spores immobilised on multispot slides and on microtitre plates.	indirect immunoradiometric assays (irma) for bacillus anthracis spores are described in which the spores were heat fixed either on multispot microscope slides or on polyvinyl or polystyrene microtitre plates. assays on plastic plates sometimes suffered from poor intra-experiment reproducibility. signals were higher in assays in flat-bottomed microtitre wells than in assays in slides, but assay noise, due to non-specific absorption of antibody, was higher also, giving an overall disadvantage in s ...	1983	6411819
cloning of the protective antigen gene of bacillus anthracis.	the tripartite protein toxin of bacillus anthracis consists of protective antigen (pa), edema factor (ef), and lethal factor (lf). as a first step in developing a more efficacious anthrax vaccine, recombinant plasmids containing the pa gene have been isolated. a library was constructed in the e. coli vector pbr322 from bam hi-generated fragments of the anthrax plasmid, pba1. two clones producing pa were identified by screening lysates with elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). western blots ...	1983	6413077
immunofluorescence analysis of bacillus spores and vegetative cells by flow cytometry.	a commercially available flow cytometer (cytofluorograf) was used for the immunofluorescence (if) analysis of spores of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus subtilis, using fluorescein-labelled antispore conjugates. the cytometer was modified to allow analysis of known numbers of bacteria. in attempting to identify the region of the cytometer fluorescence histogram associated with the presence of stained spores, evidence was produced for signal components due to antibody bound to ex ...	1983	6414791
[vegetative state and sporulation in the causative agent of anthrax (vaccinal strain sti) at different ph values of the cultivation medium].		1983	6415138
comparison of direct and indirect immunoradiometric assays (irma) for bacillus anthracis spores immobilised on multispot microscope slides.	a solid phase immunoradiometric assay (irma) is described in which bacillus anthracis spores were heat fixed to the wells of glass multispot microscope slides. assays for spores of b. anthracis vollum and sterne strains with 3h labels were evaluated in the direct and indirect versions. neither single nor signal-to-noise characteristics of indirect assays were greatly improved by the use of immunopurified antibody (ipab) or igg anti-bacterial reagents rather than antiserum. however, the specifici ...	1983	6418708
scrotal anthrax in a child: a case report.		1983	6191649
a major epidemic of anthrax in zimbabwe. part ii.		1983	6861201
[a review of 35 anthrax cases].	of 35 cases diagnosed as anthrax during 1.9.1981 - 1.12.1982, 18 were females (51,4%) and 17 were males (48,6%), the mean age was 39,7. all of the women were housewives, 14 male patients were farmers, 1 was a tradesman, 1 a worker, and 1 a butcher. it was localised on the skin in 31 cases (88,6%) and in the throat in 4 cases (11,4%). penicillin was used for treatment. in one of the cases with throat localisation, sepsis developed, leading to death.	1983	6888296
ultrastructural observation on the bacterial capsule of bacillus anthracis seen in the spleen of a diseased cow.	the bacterial capsule of bacillus anthracis seen in the spleen of a cow which had died of anthrax was studied electron microscopically. it was visible around bacteria which had been fixed in a ruthenium red-containing fixative. it was composed of electron-dense spikes and extended outwards from the bacterial surface. it was not found around bacteria which had been treated with a fixative devoid of ruthenium red. bacteria were seen scattered among blood cells. they were not phagocytized by neutro ...	1983	6441119