Publications

depression of the synthesis of the intermediate and large forms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	rhodopseudomonas capsulata produces both an intermediate (i) and a large (l) form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. both forms are derepressed under co2-limiting conditions. the l-form of the enzyme is completely repressed when the culture is grown either photoautotrophically or photoheterotrophically with malate as the electron donor. the l-form is derepressed in the late logarithmic phase of growth when cells are grown photoheterotrophically with butyrate as the electron dono ...	1984	6089690
rsrii--a novel restriction endonuclease with a heptanucleotide recognition site.	a sequence-specific endonuclease present in extracts of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 630 has been purified and characterized. the enzyme, rsr ii, recognises and cleaves the palindromic heptanucleotide sequence: (sequence; see test) by virtue of its unusual specificity, rsrii cuts most dna molecules very infrequently which should facilitate the physical mapping of large genomes.	1984	6091034
purification and properties of cytochrome b from photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26.	cytochrome b of r. sphaeroides r-26 has been purified from the isolated cytochrome b-c1 complex to homogeneity. the purification procedure involves triton x-100 and urea solubilization, calcium phosphate column chromatography at different ph values, and ammonium sulfate fractionation. the purified protein contains 23 nmol heme per mg protein and has an apparent molecular weight of 43,000, as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the spectral characteristics of p ...	1984	6091651
light-induced proton gradients and internal volumes in chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	to test the predictions of the chemiosmotic hypothesis, it is essential to have sensitive and accurate measures of the aqueous volume and ph within membrane compartments. one unique feature of the present investigation is the application of electron spin resonance probes to determine internal aqueous volume and ph changes in bacterial chromatophores under virtually identical conditions. volumes of the chromatophores ranged from 6 to 16 microliter/mg bacteriochlorophyll among different preparatio ...	1984	6093711
[delayed bacteriochlorophyll luminescence and the primary stages of electron transport in photosynthetic reaction centers of purple bacteria].	the results of studies of charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers of purple bacteria are summarized. the findings concerning the sequence of initial steps of the electron transfer and properties of the electron carriers obtained by direct methods of differential optical absorption and esr spectroscopy are compared with the data on the bacteriochlorophyll delayed fluorescence resulting from reversal of charge separation. the data analysis gives an integrated description of the reacti ...	1984	6095028
primary structure of the l subunit of the reaction center from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the reaction center is an integral membrane protein that, together with several cofactors, mediates the primary photochemical events in bacterial photosynthesis. the amino-terminal sequences of the three subunits, l, m, and h, of the reaction center protein and the sequence of the structural gene encoding the m subunit have been reported previously. in the present study, we found that the 3' end of the structural gene encoding the l subunit overlaps by eight bases the 5' end of the gene encoding ...	1984	6095283
reduction of cytochrome b-561 through the antimycin-sensitive site of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	cytochrome b-561 of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase complex of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is reduced after flash illumination in the presence of myxothiazol in an antimycin-sensitive reaction. flash-induced reduction was observed over the redox range in which cytochrome b-561 and the q-pool are both oxidized before the flash. the extent of reduction increased with increasing ph, and was maximal at ph greater than 10.0 where the extent approached that observed in the presence of anti ...	1984	6096171
two distinct quinone-modulated modes of antimycin-sensitive cytochrome b reduction in the cytochrome bc1 complex.	reduction of cytochrome b-560 (analogous to cyt b-562 of mitochondria) via an antimycin-sensitive route has been revealed in chromatophores of the photosynthetic bacterium, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ga. indeed, the results suggest that two reductive mechanisms can be operative. one is consistent with the idea that the quinol generated at the reaction center qb site enters the q pool and, via the qc site, equilibrates with cytochrome b-560. the other reductive mode circumvents redox equilibriu ...	1984	6096172
[inheritance of hybrid plasmid pas*-21 by cells of the purple phototropic nitrogen-fixing bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides].	clones of purple nitrogenfixing prototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides carrying an incertion into the chromosome of the hybrid pas8-121 (rp4-cole1 (repa::tn7] plasmid were analysed. it is revealed that plasmid integration could be due to both tn7 and other migrating elements (is8 and possibly, to resident migrating elements of purple bacteria). the plasmid pas 8-121 can be autonomously transferred from the cointegrate state into escherichia coli k-12; the plasmid is not inherited au ...	1984	6096207
15n electron nuclear double resonance of the primary donor cation radical p+.865 in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: additional evidence for the dimer model.	four 15n hyperfine coupling constants, including signs, have been measured by electron nuclear double resonance (endor) and electron nuclear nuclear triple resonance (triple) for the bacteriochlorophyll a radical cation, bchla+., in vitro and for the light-induced primary donor radical cation, p+.865, in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26. a comparison of the data shows that the hyperfine coupling constants have the same sign in both radicals and are, on the average, smaller b ...	1984	6096857
electron spin polarization of photosynthetic reactants.		1984	6096918
two-dimensional electron transfer from cytochrome c to photosynthetic reaction centers.	the arrangement and the electron transfer are studied for photosynthetic reaction centers (rc) of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. freeze-etch electron micrographs of phase separated mixed vesicles reveal an rc enrichment in the phase containing the acidic lipid serine. it is demonstrated that the electron transfer from cytochrome c to rc involves a two-dimensional diffusion of the membrane bound electron donor with diffusion coefficients (d approximately 10 ...	1984	6097243
the interaction between electron transfer, proton motive force and solute transport in bacteria.	the properties of proton solute symport have been studied in streptococcus cremoris, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and escherichia coli. in the homolactic fermentative organism s. cremoris the efflux of lactate is a membrane protein-mediated process, which can lead to the generation of a proton motive force. these observations support the energy-recycling model that postulates the generation of metabolic energy by end-product efflux. studies with oxidants and reductants and specific dithiol reage ...	1984	6099094
transmembrane orientation of reaction centers in proteoliposomes from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the photochemical reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were reconstituted with soybean phospholipids into liposomes by the cholate-dialysis method. the transmembrane orientation of the reaction centers in the proteoliposomes and the morphology of the vesicles were investigated. the orientation was determined by the reduction of externally added cytochrome c after its photooxidation by a flash. the structure of the vesicles was examined by electron microscope. discontinuous sucrose ...	1984	6099356
pigment-protein complexes from rhodopseudomonas palustris: isolation, characterization, and reconstitution into liposomes.	we have employed detergent solubilization and sucrose density gradient centrifugation to obtain pigment-protein complexes from rhodopseudomonas palustris. two types of detergent buffers were used, containing either octyl-beta-glucopyranoside (og) plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) or og alone. the fractions thus obtained were analyzed spectrophotometrically and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine their pigment and protein composition. og-sds solubilization yields four fractions. th ...	1985	3972775
fusion of liposomes and chromatophores of rhodopseudomonas capsulata: effect on photosynthetic energy transfer between b875 and reaction center complexes.	the photosynthetic chromatophore membranes of rhodopseudomonas capsulata were fused with liposomes to investigate the effects of lipid dilution on energy transfer between the bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of this membrane. phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes were mixed with chromatophores at ph 6.0 to 6.2, and the mixture was fractionated on discontinuous sucrose gradients into four membrane fractions with lipid-to-protein ratios that varied 11-fold. freeze-fracture electron microsc ...	1985	3997775
oxygen does not directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	we examined the role of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis on the regulation of carotenoid synthesis in rhodopseudomonas capsulata. strains capable of making bacteriochlorophyll accumulated greater amounts of carotenoids under low oxygen than they did under high oxygen. however, strains unable to produce bacteriochlorophyll did not regulate their carotenoid production in response to changes in oxygen tension. this indicates that oxygen does not directly regulate carotenoid production.	1985	3997780
influence of light on long-term adp phosphorylation.	adp phosphorylation coupled to cyclic electron transport was studied over a long period using immobilized chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas capsulata. photophosphorylation of adp as a function of time was continuously measured under different conditions of continuous illumination and concentration of oxygen. using a red cutoff filter, it was possible to sustain adp phosphorylation at a maximal rate for more than 10 days, whereas inactivation had always been observed after 5 days when white li ...	1985	3997813
the mechanism of the c-13(3) esterification step in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a.	5-aminolaevulinate labelled with 18o at its c-1 carboxy oxygen atoms was prepared and incorporated into bacteriochlorophyll aphytyl of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and bacteriochlorophyll ageranylgeranyl of rhodospirillum rubrum. the biosynthetic samples of the bacteriochlorophylls were separately processed to obtain their isoprenyl alcohol components from the c-17(3) ester linkages and methanol from the c-13(3) methoxycarbonyl group. methods were developed for the quantification of the isotopic ...	1985	4018085
a novel hopanoid, 30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane, from the purple non-sulphur bacterium rhodopseudomonas acidophila, with possible dna interactions.	a novel hopanoid, 30-(5'-adenosyl)hopane, was isolated from the purple non-sulphur bacterium rhodopseudomonas acidophila and identified. the significance of this triterpenoid in terms of bacteriohopanepolyol biosynthesis, membrane reinforcement and possible interactions with nucleic acids is discussed.	1985	4026810
a polyvinylchloride-membrane based anion selective electrode for continuous registration of delta ph (interior alkaline) with salicylate as the indicator probe.	an anion sensitive electrode has been constructed with the use of the lipid soluble cation benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecylammonium analogous to the procedure described for tetraphenylphosphonium-sensitive electrodes [shinbo, t., kamo, n., kurihara, k. and kobatake, y. (1978) arch. biochem. biophys. 187, 414-422]. the anion electrode responds to salicylate concentrations above 400 microm with a nernstian sensitivity. less lipid soluble anions like chloride and phosphate do not interfere. below 400 micr ...	1985	4031360
regions of broad-host-range plasmid rk2 involved in replication and stable maintenance in nine species of gram-negative bacteria.	the replication and maintenance properties of the broad-host-range plasmid rk2 and its derivatives were examined in nine gram-negative bacterial species. two regions of rk2, the origin of replication (oriv) and a segment that encodes for a replication protein (trfa delta kild, designated trfa*), are sufficient for replication in all nine species tested. however, stable maintenance of this minimal replicon (less than 0.3% loss per generation under nonselection conditions) is observed only in esch ...	1985	4044529
the rhodopseudomonas viridis photosynthetic membrane: arrangement in situ.	the organization of photosynthetic membranes in the cytoplasm of the photosynthetic bacterium rh. viridis has been examined by several techniques for electron microscopy. thin sections of membrane stacks show that the regular lattice of membrane subunits reported in other studies can be observed in thin section. tilting of sections in the electron microscope shows that the regular lattices of several membranes overlap in a way that suggests they are in register with each other. this observation ...	1985	4062481
[variants of the plasmid pas8 delta with increased frequency of integration into rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromosome--the result of is8-element duplication].	the possible participation of is8 and is elements of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in cointegrate formation by chromosome of the purple bacterium and plasmid pas8-121 delta has been studied. the plasmid derivatives having deleted tn7 have been studied. plasmid integration into the chromosome of the purple bacterium is shown to be mediated by is8 element of the plasmid. plasmid derivatives having the integration potential increased for two orders were isolated by a series of intergeneric conjugati ...	1985	3025686
a putative nitrogenase reductase gene found in the nucleotide sequences from the photosynthetic gene cluster of r. capsulata.		1985	3855387
chromosomal deletion and plasmid complementation of the photosynthetic reaction center and light-harvesting genes from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	using in vitro interposon mutagenesis, rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains have been constructed wherein all or part of the reaction center (rc), light-harvesting i (lhi), and light-harvesting ii (lhii) structural genes have been deleted. in one series of strains, the 2778-bp apai fragment bearing more than 90% of the rxca operon (promoter and structural genes coding for lhi beta, lhi alpha, rc-l and rc-m) has been deleted from the chromosome. when the rxca operon is deleted, resultant strains po ...	1985	3864717
[adaptation of rhodopseudomonas palustris to changes in atmospheric conditions].	the high level of delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase (ala-s) in rhodopseudomonas palustris cells grown under photosynthetic conditions decreased when they were vigorously aerated; moreover, the bacteriochlorophyll synthesis suddenly stopped. when aeration was interrupted, enzymatic level increased notably, but bacteriochlorophyll level did not. chloramphenicol added to cultures when aeration was interrupted did not affect the increase of enzymic level. when it was added as the aeration started, t ...	1985	3870744
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose phosphotransferase system in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. the coupling between transport and phosphorylation in inside-out vesicles.	the bacterial phosphotransferase systems are believed to catalyze the concomitant transport and phosphorylation of hexoses and hexitols. the transport is from the outside to the inside of the cell. an absolute coupling between transport and phosphorylation has however been questioned in the literature. we have tested the coupling by analysing the kinetics of fructose phosphorylation by inside-out vesicles of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. we conclude that fructose indeed has to enter the vesicle ...	1985	3871694
excitation energy transfer in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membranes fused with liposomes.	the role of phospholipid in the structural organization of the light-harvesting complexes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined in photosynthetic (chromatophore) membrane vesicles fused with liposomes. photochemically active preparations with progressive phospholipid enrichment up to greater than 15-fold were obtained by both polyethylene glycol- and acidic-ph-induced fusion. their fluorescence emission at approximately 300 and 77 k was increased by 2-3.5-fold from the peripheral b800-850 ...	1985	3871709
iron transport and its relation to heme biosynthesis in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the uptake of iron supplied as ferric citrate or ferric parabactin was examined in aerobically grown whole cells and vesicles of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. inner and outer membrane fractions from r. sphaeroides contained no membrane proteins which were inducible by growth in low-iron medium. vesicles composed of the inner membrane and devoid of outer membrane and periplasmic proteins were able to transport iron supplied as ferric citrate and ferric parabactin. this uptake required the presenc ...	1985	3871762
the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. mechanism for transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to fructose.	the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose-specific phosphotransferase system in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides is a membrane-bound complex of two enzymes, an integral membrane protein eii and a soluble factor sf. in media of high ionic strength the binding constant of sf to the membranes is 55 nm. phosphorylation of sf, the first step in the reaction sequence, has no influence on the binding. the second step is the transfer of the phosphoryl group from sf to eii. the physical existence of both ph ...	1985	3874060
succinate dehydrogenase in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: subunit composition and immunocross-reactivity with other related bacteria.	antibodies were raised against the succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) present in the chromatophores of phototrophically grown rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. crossed immunoelectrophoresis experiments indicated that the sdh present in the cytoplasmic membranes of heterotrophically grown r. sphaeroides is probably the same enzyme observed in the chromatophores. the enzyme was extracted by triton x-100 in a form which consisted of only two subunits (molecular weight, 68,000 and 30,000) and was not associa ...	1985	3874866
ferric iron reductase of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	ferric iron reductase activity was examined in the facultative photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. the specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media. the activity was resolved by ion-exchange column chromatography into two fractions, designated iron reductase a and iron reductase b, with molecular weights of 41,000 and 32,000, respectively. both of these ...	1985	3875607
complementation of a rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase regulatory mutant from a genomic library.	a genomic library containing hindiii partial digests of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides hr dna was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid cloning vector pvk102. with a portion of this library as donor in complementation studies with the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase regulatory mutant r. sphaeroides kw25/11, a fragment of dna which is capable of partially complementing this mutant was isolated. in four independent matings, aut+ transconjugants which contained a hybrid plasmid c ...	1985	3876330
intracellular localization of phospholipid transfer activity in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and a possible role in membrane biogenesis.	the cellular content of phospholipid transfer activity in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined as a function of both oxygen partial pressure and light intensity used for growth. cells grown under high light conditions (100 w/m2) had over two times the cellular level of phospholipid transfer activity when compared with cells grown under other conditions. although cells grown under low light conditions (3 w/m2) had the lowest amount of total phospholipid transfer activity, they had the highes ...	1985	3876331
picosecond kinetics of the initial photochemical electron-transfer reaction in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers.	the absorption changes that occur in reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides during the initial photochemical electron-transfer reaction have been examined. measurements were made between 740 and 1300 nm at 295 and 80 k by using a pulse-probe technique with 610-nm, 0.8-ps flashes. an excited singlet state of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer p* was found to give rise to stimulated emission with a spectrum similar to that determined previously for fluorescence fr ...	1985	3879185
characterization of light-harvesting mutants of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. i. measurement of the efficiency of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to the reaction center.	light-harvesting mutants of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides lacking either the b800-850 complex or the b875 complex have been characterized by their absorption spectra in the visible and near-infrared region, and by their ability to transfer energy from the light-harvesting complexes to the reaction center. a new method of measuring the relative efficiency of energy transfer from the light-harvesting complexes to the reaction center is described. the b875- mutant had absorption maxima in the near-i ...	1985	3881081
cloning and characterization of the gene product of the form ii ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	we report the cloning and characterization of the gene product of the gene for the form ii ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. we present evidence that the form ii enzyme is encoded by a single gene in r. sphaeroides; however, this gene does hybridize to a second chromosomal locus.	1985	3881398
structure and functional organization of light-harvesting complexes and photochemical reaction centers in membranes of phototrophic bacteria.		1985	3884995
two-dimensional crystals of a membrane protein: arrangement of subunits within the crystal sheet.	two-dimensional crystals have been prepared from the photosynthetic reaction center of rhodopseudomonas viridis. filtered images of these crystals show individual subunits approximately 4.5 nm in diameter arranged at a center-to-center distance of 6.4 nm. our previous studies suggested that each subunit within such a sheet corresponds to a single photosynthetic reaction center. air-dried and freeze-etched shadowed preparations of the crystals yield images which are quite different from negativel ...	1985	3888634
complete amino acid sequence of the b875 light-harvesting protein of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. comparison with r26.1 carotenoidless-mutant strain.	the complete amino acid sequence was determined for the alpha- and beta-chains of the b875 light-harvesting protein purified from photosynthetic membranes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 2.4.1. the sequence of the b875-alpha-polypeptide was identical to that reported for the r26.1 carotenoidless mutant [(1985) biochim. biophys. acta 806, 185-186] and contained 58 amino acid residues with a blocked methionine and a glutamic acid at the n- and c-termini, respectively. the b875-beta-polypeptide con ...	1985	3888667
topology and neighbor analysis of the photosynthetic reaction center from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the subunit arrangement of the reaction center complex (rc) of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was studied by chemical modification with four different cross-linking reagents using purified rc in lauryldimethylamine oxide, rc incorporated into liposomes, and intact chromatophore membranes, from which rcs are isolated. the rc of r. sphaeroides is composed of three polypeptide subunits, h, m, and l, apparent molecular mass as determined in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, of ...	1985	3888987
the light-harvesting polypeptides of rhodopseudomonas viridis. the complete amino-acid sequences of b1015-alpha, b1015-beta and b1015-gamma.	three low molecular mass polypeptides have been isolated by using the technique of organic solvent extraction of thylakoid membranes or whole cells from rhodopseudomonas viridis. their primary structures were determined by long liquid phase sequencer runs, combined with the isolation and sequence analysis of the c-terminal o-iodosobenzoic acid fragment and carboxypeptidase degradation. the polypeptide which consists of 58 amino-acids and is 46% homologous to the antenna polypeptide b880-alpha fr ...	1985	3890891
membrane adhesion in photosynthetic bacterial membranes. light harvesting complex i (lhi) appears to be the main adhesion factor.	we have reconstituted pigment-protein complexes isolated from rhodopseudomonas palustris photosynthetic membranes into phospholipid liposomes. the various complexes were tested for their ability to promote adhesion of the liposome membrane in the presence and absence of mg2+ ions. samples containing a reaction center (rc)/light-harvesting i (lhi) complex appeared to stack in a manner resembling control thylakoids in 2 and 5 mm mg2+. we also tested for the effects of mg2+ on detergent extractabil ...	1985	3893353
[temperature dependence of protein globule polarization and electron transport in preparations of photosynthetic reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides].	differential "light-minus-dark" spectra were obtained for reaction center (rc) preparations cooled in the light and in the dark at 77 k. the two types of preparations were found to display different spectral features in the spectral regions 760-770, 790-810, 880-990 nm. differences in the spectra of the two types were found to exist in preparations cooled to temperatures below 120-100 k, whereas at temperatures above 130 k such differences were not observed. the observed spectral changes may be ...	1985	3897831
lipid biosynthesis in synchronized cultures of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	lipid biosynthesis has been studied in photosynthetic cultures of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides that had been synchronized by stationary-phase cycling or by a centrifugation selection procedure. synchrony index values in the range 0.70-0.80 were obtained for the first cell cycle with both synchronization methods. the major membrane lipids phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were accumulated discontinuously during the cell cycle, their mass doubling immediately before cell division. ...	1985	3902003
the effect of an applied electric field on the charge recombination kinetics in reaction centers reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers.	reaction centers (rcs) from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were incorporated in planar bilayers made from monolayers derived from liposomes reconstituted with purified rcs. the photocurrents associated with the charge recombination process between the reduced primary quinone (qa-) and the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll donor (d+) were measured as a function of voltage (-150 mv less than v less than 150 mv) applied across the bilayer. when qa was the native ubiquinone (uq ...	1985	3902109
bacterial reduction of trimethylamine oxide.	trimethylamine oxide, which is found in relatively high concentrations in the tissues of marine animals, serves as an electron acceptor in the anaerobic metabolism of a number of bacteria associated primarily with three environments: the marine environment (e.g. alteromonas and vibrio), the brackish pond (nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria), and animal intestines (enterobacteriaceae). its reduction to trimethylamine by such bacteria can constitute a major spoilage reaction during the storage of m ...	1985	3904597
structural characterization of high 800 nm-absorbing light-harvesting complexes from rhodospirillales from their resonance raman spectra.	resonance raman spectroscopy provided evidence that high 800 nm-absorbing antennae from rhodopseudomonas (rps.) acidophila and rps. palustris have similar structures around their dweller bacteriochlorophylls. these host-site structures are different from those of b 850-800 complexes from chromatiaceae, which also exhibit a high absorbance at 800 nm. as also shown by previous biochemical data, these complexes might be stoichiometrically different from other antenna complexes, having one more bchl ...	1985	3905781
light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans.	the composition of the light-harvesting system of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides forma sp. denitrificans was investigated. when chromatophores were solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at 0 degrees c and subjected to sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), at least two b800-b850 pigment-protein complexes, three b870 pigment-protein complexes, a reaction center (rc) complex and two pigmented bands which contained b800, b850, and b870 were resolved. in the re-electrophoresis, the b ...	1985	3905785
charge recombination kinetics as a probe of protonation of the primary acceptor in photosynthetic reaction centers.	the kinetics of the charge recombination d+qa-----dqa was used to probe the protonation of the primary acceptor in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, in which the native ubiquinone was replaced by anthraquinone. we found that qa- is stabilized by the rapid (t less than 10(-2) s) binding of a proton, with a pk of 9.8. the distance between qa- and the proton binding site was estimated to be larger than approximately 5 a.	1985	3907729
characterization of bacterial photosynthetic reaction center crystals from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 by x-ray diffraction.	an orthorhombic crystal form (p2(1)2(1)2(1)) of the reaction center from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 has been characterized. the crystals were grown from polyethylene glycol; the unit cell dimensions are a = 142.2 a, b = 139.6 a, and c = 78.7 a; and they contain one reaction center in each crystallographic asymmetric unit. the crystals diffract to at least 3.0 a resolution, and are suitable for detailed structural studies.	1985	3908691
dna-directed in vitro synthesis and assembly of the form ii d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	a biochemical analysis of the in vitro assembly of the form ii ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides after transcription and translation from cloned dna is presented. the predominant enzymatically active oligomeric forms of the in vitro-synthesized and -assembled ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are tetramers and hexamers. assembly of the monomeric subunits to form active enzyme appears to be dependent on the presence of a minimum number of subuni ...	1985	3918003
broad-host-range plasmid vector for the in vitro construction of transcriptional/translational lac fusions.	a broad-host-range plasmid was constructed that allows the in vitro formation of beta-galactosidase fusions. dna from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was cloned into this plasmid and a number of r. sphaeroides isolates were recovered that had varying levels of beta-galactosidase activity. beta-galactosidase antigenic activity from the fusion strains could be localized immunologically in polypeptides with an mr of 120 000 or greater. expression of beta-galactosidase acti ...	1985	3924739
circular dichroism and redox properties of high redox potential ferredoxins.	the circular dichroism (cd) spectra of 13 examples of high-potential iron-sulfur proteins (hipips), a class of [4fe-4s] ferredoxins, have been determined. in contrast to the proposal of carter [carter, c. w., jr. (1977) j. biol. chem. 252, 7802-7811], no strict correlation between visible cd features and utilization of the [4fe-4s]2+/[4fe-4s]3+ oxidation levels was found. although most hipips have these features, the model requires their presence in all species. there is also no simple relations ...	1985	3925987
picosecond fluorescence of cryptomonad biliproteins. effects of excitation intensity and the fluorescence decay times of phycocyanin 612, phycocyanin 645, and phycoerythrin 545.	the fluorescence of purified biliproteins (phycocyanin 645, phycocyanin 612, and phycoerythrin 545) from three cryptomonads, chroomonas species, hemiselmis virescens, and rhodomonas lens, and c-phycocyanin from anacystis nidulans has been time resolved in the picosecond region with a streak camera system having less than or equal to 2-ps jitter. the fluorescence lifetimes of phycocyanins from chroomonas species and hemiselmis virescens are 1.5 +/- 0.2 ns and 2.3 +/- 0.2 ns, respectively, regardl ...	1985	3926017
nitric oxide-dependent proton translocation in various denitrifiers.	respiration of no resulted in transient proton translocation in anaerobically grown cells of four physiologically diverse denitrifiers. paracoccus denitrificans, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides subsp. denitrificans, "achromobacter cycloclastes," and rhizobium japonicum gave, respectively, h+/no ratios of 3.65, 4.96, 1.94, and 1.12. antimycin a completely inhibited no-dependent proton translocation in p. denitrificans and severely restricted translocation in the r. sphaeroides strain. proton uptake ...	1985	3928599
influence of ph, o2, and temperature on the absorption properties of the secondary light-harvesting antenna in members of the family rhodospirillaceae.	in some rhodospirillaceae, the primary light-harvesting (lh i) antenna absorbs near-infrared light around 870 nm, whereas lh ii (holochrome b800-860) has a major absorption band between 850 and 860 nm (b860) and a minor absorbancy around 800 nm (b800). results show that, unlike lh i, holochrome b800-860 (lh ii) exhibits unstable light absorption properties in whole cells. this was observed in rhodopseudomonas capsulata grown anaerobically in light in weakly buffered carbohydrate medium; cultures ...	1985	3928601
distribution of multicopy single-stranded dna among myxobacteria and related species.	multicopy single-stranded dna (msdna) is a short single-stranded linear dna originally discovered in myxococcus xanthus and subsequently found in stigmatella aurantiaca. it exists at an estimated 500 to 700 copies per chromosome (t. yee, t. furuichi, s. inouye, and m. inouye, cell 38:203-209, 1984). we found msdna in other myxobacteria, including myxococcus coralloides, cystobacter violaceus, cystobacter ferrugineus (cbfe17), nannocystis exedens, and nine independently isolated strains of m. xan ...	1985	3932332
phospholipid transfer proteins in microorganisms.	phospholipid transfer activity has been demonstrated in cell lysates of saccharomyces cerevisiae, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and bacillus subtilis, and proteins facilitating phospholipid transfer from the first two organisms have recently been purified. the phospholipid transfer protein from s. cerevisiae has mol. wt. 35 000 with a specificity of transfer for phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. the purified phospholipid transfer protein from r. sphaeroides has mol. wt. 27 000 and, al ...	1985	3933844
structural differences in the catalytic subunits of form i and form ii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	there are significant differences in the large subunits of form i and form ii ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase isolated from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. two-dimensional peptide mapping of carboxymethylated large subunits clearly indicates that there are differences in the primary structure of the two proteins. these results are supported by limited proteolysis with three different proteases and by subsequent analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ...	1985	3934140
on the dielectrically observable consequences of the diffusional motions of lipids and proteins in membranes. 2. experiments with microbial cells, protoplasts and membrane vesicles.	the dielectric properties of suspensions of intact cells of methylophilus methylotrophus, paracoccus denitrificans and bacillus subtilis have been measured in the frequency range 1 khz to 13 mhz. all possess a pronounced dispersion corresponding in magnitude and relaxation time to the "beta-dispersion" in a terminology defined by schwan [adv. biol. med. phys. 5:147-209 (1957)]. the latter two strains, but not m. methylotrophus, also possess a substantial alpha-dispersion. the relaxation time of ...	1985	3935420
isolation, characterization, and comparison of a ubiquitous pigment-protein complex consisting of a reaction center and light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll proteins present in purple photosynthetic bacteria.	protein complexes (photochemical reaction complex; pr complex) bound to both light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-1 (lh-bchl-1) and reaction center bchl (rc-bchl) were purified from rhodospirillum rubrum (wild and carotenoid-less), rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (wild), and chromatium vinosum (wild). another protein complex (lh-2 complex) bound to lh-bchl-2 was also purified from rps. sphaeroides. the bacteria were grown in the presence of a [14c]amino acid mixture. the purification procedure incl ...	1985	3937841
characterization of nif regulatory genes in rhodopseudomonas capsulata using lac gene fusions.	translational fusions of the escherichia coli laczya operon to rhodopseudomonas capsulata nif genes were obtained by using mini-mudii1734 [castilho et al., j. bacteriol. 158 (1984) 488-495] inserts into cloned fragments of r. capsulata dna. a lac fusion to the nifh gene, which encodes dinitrogenase reductase, was used to classify nif- mutations occurring in regulatory genes. nine mutations were unable to activate nifhdk transcription. the nine mutations define four nif regulatory genes. three of ...	1985	3938422
comparative efficiency of primary light conversion in photosynthetic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum and rhodopseudomonas viridis.		1985	3939722
reversible chemical cross-linking of the light-harvesting polypeptides of rhodopseudomonas viridis.	the topography of the light-harvesting polypeptides of rhodopseudomonas viridis was investigated using cleavable chemical cross-linkers. to this end a set of succinimidyl esters and surface-specific sulfosuccinimidyl esters of different span widths were synthesized. the cross-linking reagents have been characterized using nmr and infrared spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography. the cross-linking reaction was carried out under physiological conditions and the aggregates were analyzed by the m ...	1985	2411553
effects of light, oxygen, and substrates on steady-state levels of mrna coding for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and light-harvesting and reaction center polypeptides in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	the mrna levels specific for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, light-harvesting i polypeptides alpha and beta, and reaction center polypeptides l and m were assayed by use of a series of dna probes specific for each cognate mrna. both the steady-state amounts and sizes of the specific mrnas were measured as a function of the light intensity incident to the culture, the presence or absence of oxygen, and the type of substrate present in the growth medium. northern hybridization revealed at l ...	1985	2581935
biochemical pathways in prokaryotes can be traced backward through evolutionary time.	for the first time, a credible prokaryotic phylogenetic tree is being assembled by woese and others using quantitative sequence analysis of oligonucleotides in the highly conservative rrna. this provides an evolutionary scale against which the evolutionary steps that led to the arrangement and regulation of contemporary biochemical pathways can be measured. this paper presents an emerging evolutionary picture of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis within a large superfamily assemblage of prokaryote ...	1985	2897061
13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies on bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis in rhodopseudomonas spheroides s.	the 13c nmr spectra were analyzed in bacteriochlorophyll a and magnesium protoporphyrin methyl ester formed in rhodopseudomonas spheroides s. in the presence of l-[1-13c]glutamate and [2-13c]glycine. after reassignment of three alpha-pyrrolic carbons (c-9, -14 and -16) of bacteriochlorophyll a, the spectra showed that c-2 of glycine was preferentially incorporated into the eight-carbon atoms in these tetrapyrrole macrocycles derived from c-5 of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala). c-2 of glycine was als ...	1985	2857557
molecular and regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase from the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata e1f1.	the glutamine synthetase of the phototrophic bacterium rhodopseudomonas capsulata e1f1 was purified to homogeneity by a procedure which used a single affinity chromatography step. like enzymes from other photosynthetic procaryotes, native glutamine synthetase from r. capsulata e1f1 was found to be a dodecameric protein of approximately 660 kilodaltons with identical subunits of about 55 kilodaltons each. the stokes radius and s20,w of the native enzyme were 8.35 nm and 19.20, respectively. the e ...	1985	2859272
nucleotide sequence of the rhodospirillum rubrum atp operon.	the nucleotide sequence was determined of a 8775-base-pair region of dna cloned from the photosynthetic non-sulphur bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum. it contains a cluster of five genes encoding f1-atpase subunits. the genes are arranged in the same order as f1 genes in the escherichia coli unc operon. however, as in the related organism rhodopseudomonas blastica, neither genes for components of f0, the membrane sector of atp synthase, nor a homologue of the e. coli unci gene are associated with ...	1985	2861810
transcription of rhodospirillum rubrum atp operon.	the photosynthetic non-sulphur bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum contains a cluster of five genes encoding the subunits of f1-atpase [falk, hampe & walker (1985) biochem. j. 228, 391-407]. transcription of these genes has been studied by two methods, transcriptional mapping with s1 nuclease and primer extension analysis. thereby a 5'-end in rna derived from this region has been demonstrated at a guanine residue 236 bases before the initiation codon of the gene for the delta-subunit, the first in t ...	1985	2864916
differential expression of photosynthesis genes in r. capsulata results from segmental differences in stability within the polycistronic rxca transcript.	we report that the light-harvesting and reaction center genes in the rxca locus of r. capsulata are contained within a single operon and that their differential expression results predominantly from marked segmental differences in stability within the polycistronic rxca transcript. the 3' portion of this transcript is rapidly degraded to give rise to either of two slowly decaying mrna remnants, both of which encode only the light-harvesting polypeptides. the greater stability of these remnants a ...	1985	2981627
the acceptor quinone complex of rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers.	the acceptor complex of isolated reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas viridis contains both menaquinone and ubiquinone. in a series of flashes the ubiquinone was observed to undergo binary oscillations in the formation and disappearance of a semiquinone, indicative of secondary acceptor (qb) activity. the oscillating signal, q-b, was typical of a ubisemiquinone anion with a peak at 450 nm (delta epsilon = 6 mm-1 x cm-1) and a shoulder at 430 nm. weak electrochromic bandshifts in the infrared w ...	1985	2982395
role of proton motive force in phototactic and aerotactic responses of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides grown under nonrigorous anaerobic conditions in the light developed components of a branched respiratory electron transfer chain, and a photosynthetic electron transfer chain. both respiratory pathways were sensitive to rotenone and high concentrations of cyanide, but oxygen uptake was only partially inhibited by the addition of low concentrations of cyanide or antimycin a. when incubated anaerobically in the dark, r. sphaeroides responded positively to an oxygen gra ...	1985	2982797
photosynthetic membrane development in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. spectral and kinetic characterization of redox components of light-driven electron flow in apparent photosynthetic membrane growth initiation sites.	the kinetics of light-driven electron flow and the nature of redox centers at apparent photosynthetic membrane growth initiation sites in rhodopseudomans sphaeroides were compared to those of intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membranes. in sucrose gradients, these membrane growth sites sediment more slowly than intracytoplasmic membrane-derived chromatophores and form an upper pigmented band. cytochromes c1, c2, b561, and b566 were demonstrated in the upper fraction by redox potentiometry; c-type ...	1985	2982855
identification of the components of a putative cytochrome bc1 complex in rhodopseudomonas viridis.	chromatophore membranes isolated from the bacteriochlorophyll b-containing, photosynthetic purple nonsulfur bacterium, rhodopseudomonas viridis, have been shown to contain a rieske iron-sulfur protein, a cytochrome similar to cytochrome c1, and also at least one b-type cytochrome. these observations suggest the presence of a previously undetected cytochrome bc1 complex in this bacterium.	1985	2986549
soluble cytochrome composition of the purple phototrophic bacterium, rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides atcc 17023.	a detailed study of the soluble cytochrome composition of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides (atcc 17023) indicates that there are five c-type cytochromes and one b-type cytochrome present. the molecular weights, heme contents, amino acid compositions, isoelectric points, and oxidation-reduction potentials were determined and the proteins were compared with those from other bacterial sources. cytochromes c2 and c' have previously been well characterized. cytochrome c-551.5 is a diheme protein which ha ...	1985	2986691
kinetic studies on formation of cytochrome oxidase of rhodopseudomonas capsulata after a shift from phototrophic to chemotrophic growth.	rhodopseudomonas capsulata cells were shifted from phototrophic (anaerobic, light) to chemotrophic (semiaerobic, dark, 10% air saturation) growth conditions. during the adaptation period of 4 h, the bacteriochlorophyll content of cells and membranes decreased, and a newly synthesized 65-kilodalton polypeptide of the cytochrome oxidase was incorporated into the membrane fraction. the enzymatic activity of the cytochrome oxidase increased strongly after a lag time of 2 h. the amount of cytochrome ...	1985	2987193
structure and physical map of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides bacteriophage rs1 dna.	we analyzed, by restriction endonuclease mapping and electron microscopy, the genome of the lytic rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides-specific bacteriophage rs1 and characterized it as a linear molecule of approximately 60 to 65 kilobases. when the dna from purified phage particles was examined by several independent methods, considerable size heterogeneity was apparent in the rs1 dna. this size heterogeneity was concluded to be of biological origin, was independent of the specific host strain used to ...	1985	2989552
electron nuclear double resonance of semiquinones in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	replacement of fe2+ by zn2+ in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides enabled us to perform endor (electron nuclear double resonance) experiments on the anion radicals of the primary and secondary ubiquinone acceptors (qa- and qb-. differences between the qa and qb sites, hydrogen bonding to the oxygens, interactions with the protons of the proteins and some symmetry properties of the binding sites were deduced from an analysis of the endor spectra.	1985	2990555
cloning and expression of the fbc operon encoding the fes protein, cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 from the rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides b/c1 complex.	the gene for the fes protein of the rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides b/c1 complex was identified by means of cross-hybridization with a segment of the gene encoding the corresponding fes protein of neurospora crassa. plasmids (prsf1-14) containing the cross-hybridizing region, covering in total 13.5 kb of chromosomal dna, were expressed in vitro in a homologous system. one rsf plasmid directed the synthesis of all three main polypeptides of the r. sphaeroides b/c1 complex: the fes protein, cytochrom ...	1985	2990901
photoaffinity labeling of an antimycin-binding site in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	tritium-labeled 3-azidosalicyl-n-(n-octadecyl)amide was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe for the antimycin-binding site in both purified ubiquinone-cytochrome b-c1 oxidoreductase and chromatophore vesicles from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. in both systems, a prominently labeled protein had a molecular weight of 11,000. binding to this protein was inhibited by preincubation of the reaction mixture with antimycin prior to addition of the radioactive analo ...	1985	2991282
sites of phospholipid biosynthesis during induction of intracytoplasmic membrane formation in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	a rapid, gratuitous and cell-division uncoupled induction of intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membrane formation was demonstrated in low-aeration suspensions of chemotrophically grown rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. despite a nearly 2-fold increase in phospholipid levels, no significant increases were detected in the specific activities of cdp-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, ec 2.7.8.5) and cdp-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol:l-s ...	1985	2994588
kinetics of the c-cytochromes in chromatophores from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides as a function of the concentration of cytochrome c2. influence of this concentration on the oscillation of the secondary acceptor of the reaction centers qb.	the oxidation kinetics of cyt c1 and c2 have been measured in normal chromatophores and in chromatophores fused with liposomes in order to increase the internal volume. the kinetics of cyt c1 oxidation were found to be dependent on cyt c2 concentration. the initial rate of cyt c1 oxidation decreased after fusion by a factor of about two, indicating a process dependent on diffusion. the results do not allow a clear distinction between a diffusion of cyt c2 along the inner membrane surface or thro ...	1985	2994721
nitrous oxide reduction by members of the family rhodospirillaceae and the nitrous oxide reductase of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	after growth in the absence of nitrogenous oxides under anaerobic phototrophic conditions, several strains of rhodopseudomonas capsulata were shown to possess a nitrous oxide reductase activity. the enzyme responsible for this activity had a periplasmic location and resembled a nitrous oxide reductase purified from pseudomonas perfectomarinus. electron flow to nitrous oxide reductase was coupled to generation of a membrane potential and inhibited by rotenone but not antimycin. it is suggested th ...	1985	2997133
mechanisms of growth inhibition by propionate and restoration of the growth by sodium bicarbonate or acetate in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides s.	mechanisms of growth inhibition by propionate on the growth of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were studied. partially purified pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdc) from r. sphaeroides was inhibited by propionyl-coa, one of the metabolic intermediates of propionate, while propionate itself did not inhibit the enzyme. this suggests that the inhibitor of the growth in vivo is not propionate but propionyl-coa. the inhibition by propionyl-coa was competitive with respect to coenzyme a concentration. th ...	1985	3003041
isolation and organization of genes for nitrogen fixation in rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	a library of rhodopseudomonas capsulata chromosomal dna was constructed in the broad host range cosmid vector plafr1. the library was used to isolate nitrogen fixation genes by complementation of r. capsulata nif- mutants. four complementing regions were localized on different cloned dna fragments by tn5 and mini-mu mutagenesis. additional nif genes were identified by recombination of transposons from the nif cosmids into the r. capsulata chromosome resulting in the creation of new nif- mutation ...	1985	3003541
light-harvesting ii (b800-b850 complex) structural genes from rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	the light-harvesting ii (lhii) structural genes coding for the (b800-b850 complex) beta- and alpha-polypeptides have been cloned and the nucleotide and deduced polypeptide sequences have been determined. this completes the sequencing of all seven structural genes coding for the structural polypeptides of the photosynthetic apparatus that bind the pigments and cofactors participating in the primary light reactions of photosynthesis. unlike the structural genes coding for the reaction center l, m, ...	1985	16593533
gene expression of pigment-binding proteins of the bacterial photosynthetic apparatus: transcription and assembly in the membrane of rhodopseudomonas capsulata.	lowering of oxygen partial pressure in chemotrophic cultures or reduction of light intensity in phototrophic cultures of rhodopseudomonas capsulata induced formation of the photosynthetic apparatus. a maximum of mrna coding for the reaction center (rc) and the light-harvesting 1 b870 antenna complex polypeptides occurred 30 min after induction. maximal expression of mrna for b800-b850 antenna proteins appeared with a lag time of about 25 min after rc/b870 mrna. pigment-binding polypeptides were ...	1985	16593609
analysis of optical spectra from single crystals of rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers.	absorption spectra and light-induced absorbance changes of crystals from rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centers are recorded. a theoretical analysis of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra is presented, yielding a consistent picture of spectroscopic and structural information.	1985	16593636
geometry for the primary electron donor and the bacteriopheophytin acceptor in rhodopseudomonas viridis photosynthetic reaction centers.	the tetrapyrrole electron donors and acceptors (bacteriochlorophyll, bch; bacteriopheophytin, bph) within the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (rc) are arranged with a specific geometry that permits rapid (picosecond time scale) electron tunneling to occur between them. here we have measured the angle between the molecular planes of the bacteriochlorophyll dimer (primary donor), b(2), and the acceptor bacteriopheophytin, h, by analyzing the dichroism of the absorption change associated w ...	1985	19431588
the ;heavy' subunit of the photosynthetic reaction centre from rhodopseudomonas viridis: isolation of the gene, nucleotide and amino acid sequence.	the gene coding for the ;heavy' subunit of the photosynthetic reaction centre from rhodopseudomonas viridis was isolated in an expression vector. expression of the heavy subunit in escherichia coli was detected with antibodies raised against crystalline reaction centres. the entire subunit, and not a fusion protein, was expressed in e. coli. the protein coding region of the gene was sequenced and the amino acid sequence derived. part of the amino acid sequence was confirmed by chemical sequence ...	1985	16453623
electron transfer in reaction centers of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. ii. free energy and kinetic relations between the acceptor states q(a-) q(b-) and q(a)q(2-b).	thermodynamic equilibria and electron transfer kinetics involving the quinone acceptor complex in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were investigated. we focussed on reactions involving the two-electron states qa qn and qaq~-, described by the schemedqaqa~-d +x,~~a- , ~~a- ~k~ .~d+ "r~~ ak~'la2- - k~2~ k~lk o~ (2)d+~d the equilibrium partitioning between qa q n and qaq 2n- was determined spectroscopically from either the concentration of oxidized cytochrome c or the concentratio ...	1985	21780325
pigment-protein interactions in the photosynthetic reaction centre from rhodopseudomonas viridis.	an x-ray structure analysis of the photosynthetic reaction centre from the purple bacterium rhodopseudomonas viridis provides structural details of the pigment-binding sites. the photosynthetic pigments are found in rather hydrophobic environments provided by the subunits l and m. in addition to apolar interactions, the bacteriochlorophylls of the primary electron donor (;special pair') and the bacteriopheophytins, but not the accessory bacteriochlorophylls, form hydrogen bonds with amino acid s ...	1986	16453713
the 'light' and 'medium' subunits of the photosynthetic reaction centre from rhodopseudomonas viridis: isolation of the genes, nucleotide and amino acid sequence.	the 'light' (l) and the 'medium' (m) subunits of the photosynthetic reaction centre from rhodopseudomonas viridis were isolated and their amino-terminal sequences, as well as the sequences of several chymotryptic peptides, determined. rps. viridis dna was cloned in the escherichia coli plasmid pbr322. mixed oligonucleotide probes derived from the amino acid sequences were synthesized and utilised to isolate one clone which contained the genes for the l and m subunits of the reaction centre as we ...	1986	15966102
elastic interactions of photosynthetic reaction center proteins affecting phase transitions and protein distributions.	reaction-center proteins of rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine vesicles shift and broaden the fluid-gel transition of the lipid bilayer. the amount of broadening and temperature shift of the transition depend both on protein concentration and on lipid chain length. in particular, the direction of the transition temperature shift is very sensitive to lipid chain length. electron micrographs show homogeneous protein distribution on the fluid surface whereas the sol ...	1986	19431674
femtosecond spectroscopy of electron transfer in the reaction center of the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26: direct electron transfer from the dimeric bacteriochlorophyll primary donor to the bacteriopheophytin acceptor with a time constant of 2.8 +/- 0.2 psec.	the primary light-induced charge separation in reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 has been investigated after excitation with laser pulses of 150 fsec duration within the longwave absorption band of the primary donor at 850 nm. an excited state of the primary donor, characterized by a broad absorption spectrum extending over the whole spectral range investigated (545-1240 nm), appeared within 100 fsec and gave rise to stimulated emission in the 870- to 1000-nm region with a ...	1986	16593659
primary electron transfer reactions in modified reaction centers from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.	absorption spectra were measured by means of an optical multichannel analyzer in rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides r-26 reaction centers (rcs) modified by treatment with nabh(4) at various times (>/=1 ps) after the onset of a short excitation flash at 880 nm. most of these rcs (75-95%) have only one "monomeric" bacteriochlorophyll-800 (b(1)) molecule and are as active as the original rcs. the duration of the excitation and measuring pulses was approximately 33 ps. if the center of the excitation puls ...	1986	16593664
excitation trapping and primary charge stabilization in rhodopseudomonas viridis cells, measured electrically with picosecond resolution.	the transmembrane primary charge separation in the photosynthetic bacterium rhodopseudomonas viridis was monitored by electric measurements of the light-gradient type [trissl, h. w. & kunze, u. (1985) biochim. biophys. acta 806, 136-144]. excitation of whole cells with 30-ps laser pulses at either 532 nm or 1064 nm gave rise to a biphasic increase of the photovoltage. the fast phase, contributing about 50% of the total, rose with an exponential time constant </=40 ps and was independent of the r ...	1986	16593665