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adaptive immunity to anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that infects ruminants, and notably causes severe economic losses in cattle worldwide. anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils and causes disease in many mammals, including ruminants, dogs, cats, horses, and humans. both bacteria cause persistent infection - infected cattle never clear a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum can also cause persistent infection in ruminants and other animals for several years. this review describes ...201222226382
Association and Evidence for Linked Recognition of Type IV Secretion System Proteins VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 in Anaplasma marginale.Like several other bacterial pathogens, Anaplasma marginale has an outer membrane that induces complete protection from infection and disease. However, the proteins that confer protective immunity and whether protection requires interacting proteins and/or linked T-cell and immunoglobulin G epitopes are not known. Our goal is to target the conserved type IV secretion system (T4SS) to identify conserved, immunogenic membrane proteins that are interacting and linked recognition candidates. Linked ...201222038917
Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens.Vaccines containing the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus BM86 and BM95 antigens protect cattle against tick infestations. Tick subolesin (SUB), elongation factor 1a (EF1a) and ubiquitin (UBQ) are new candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Previous studies showed that R. microplus BM95 immunogenic peptides fused to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a N-terminal region (BM95-MSP1a) for presentation on the Escherichia coli membrane were prot ...201222085549
insomnia. 20123528949
on the development of the conformation of deamino oxytocin. 20123436708
["pocked" red cells in the evaluation of splenic function]. 20123938954
4 mris and counting: mount sinai's tech plan. 20123557390
4 mris and counting: mount sinai's tech plan. 20123557390
quality of adrs. 20123445803
palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-iodoadenosine with terminal alkynes: synthesis and biological activities of 2-alkynyladenosines. 20133840058
resolution, purification and some properties of the multiple forms of cellobiose quinone dehydrogenase from the white-rot fungus sporotrichum pulverulentum.four forms of cellobiose quinone dehydrogenase have been purified from the white-rot fungus sporotrichum pulverulentum. the mr of the enzyme has been estimated by sedimentation equilibrium to be 57,800 and by sds/polyacrylamide-gel to be 60,000. these enzymes are clearly monomers. cellobiose quinone dehydrogenases contain fad and variable amounts of a green chromophore which we suggest is 6-hydroxy-fad. the superoxide anion and h2o2 are the products of its reaction with oxygen. all of the isoenz ...20133790072
comparative randomized study of cerebral blood flow after long-term administration of pentoxifylline and co-dergocrine mesylate in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease.the behaviour of regional cerebral blood flow was studied in 90 patients with vascular type dementia. patients were divided at random into three groups of 30 and treated 3-times daily over a period of 8 weeks with either 400 mg pentoxifylline ('trental' 400) or 2 mg co-dergocrine mesylate, or remained untreated (control group). measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made before and after 4 and 8 weeks of the study using an atraumatic inhalative 133xenon clearance technique and assessm ...20134028808
district health authority policy and the 'extended clinical role of the nurse' in primary health care.historical trends encouraging the extended role of the nurse in general practice are described, and department of health and social security (dhss) policy regarding this and the legal position of the nurse, discussed. the results of a postal questionnaire to all 192 directors of nursing services (dnss) (community) in england are presented. the study aimed to document the extent to which nursing policies at district level had been developed to meet dhss recommendations. although 71% of the dnss q ...20133850910
[evaluation of responsibility in crime related to alcohol from the psychiatric viewpoint]. 20133767891
[irrigation solutions in urology]. 20133847666
misuse of game theory. 20133680474
hypovolemic shock in children: abdominal ct manifestations.the authors describe a "hypoperfusion complex," seen on abdominal computed tomography, which consists of marked, diffuse dilatation of the intestine with fluid; abnormally intense contrast enhancement of the bowel wall, mesentery, kidneys, and/or pancreas; decreased caliber of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava; and moderate to large peritoneal fluid collections. this complex was present in three patients less than 2 years of age and was associated with severe injury and a poor outcome. ...20133602389
[microsurgery in gynecology--indications, results and limitations]. 20133616963
dna microfluorometry of synovial effusion cells in rheumatic diseases.a microfluorometric study of relative dna content in lymphocytes and granulocytes from the synovial fluid of 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or seronegative reactive arthritis was carried out. results obtained from individuals without treatment or treated with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs were compared with measurements of 7 healthy persons. dna content in granulocytes was more sensitive to effects of disease or therapy than in lymphocytes. introduction of therapy resulted in decreas ...20133816095
the hp, gc, gm, km and beta 2-glycoprotein i genetic variants in hairy cell leukemia: no apparent association.no significant differences could be observed when hp, gc, gm, km and beta 2-glycoprotein i phenotypes of 50 patients with hairy cell leukemia were compared with healthy unrelated adults.20133923375
[surgical and conservative treatment of puerperal uterine inversion]. 20133960535
[surgical and conservative treatment of puerperal uterine inversion]. 20133960535
[clinico-radiological diagnosis of mitral-tricuspid defects of the heart]. 20134237192
[clinico-radiological diagnosis of mitral-tricuspid defects of the heart]. 20134237192
interhospital transportation. monitoring sterility of instrument packs.the minneapolis-st paul area is currently experiencing an increase in health care mergers among hospitals. as new facilities are acquired, whether through merger or the building of satellite hospitals, economic considerations often instigate the consolidation of certain departments and services. thus, hospitals are confronted with a new set of management problems. one such problem might be determining if the probability of contamination increases when a sterile pack is transported from the centr ...20133647754
evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture.the protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (ide8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. five calves (group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three doses of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) a. marginale initial bodies. five control calves received saline solution alone (group 2). thirty-two days after the final inoculation, all the calves were challenged with approximately 3 × 10(5) erythrocytes in ...201322832750
in vitro cultivation of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in tick cell lines: a review.continuous cell lines have been established from several ixodid and argasid tick species, representing an excellent tool suitable for the isolation of pathogens and their subsequent propagation, which in turn allows the production of antigenic material for diagnostic tests, antibody and vaccine production, and also for studies on host-vector-pathogen relationships. this paper reviews the use of tick cells for culture initiation and maintenance of two obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, a ...201322832744
detection of genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale isolates in minas gerais, brazil.bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and results in economic losses in the cattle industry. major surface proteins (msps) have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and demonstrate that many isolates may occur in a given geographic area. however, in brazil, little is known about the genetic diversity of a. marginale isolates within individual herds. this st ...201324252959
specific molecular detection and characterization of anaplasma marginale in mongolian cattle.anaplasma marginale is an etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis. this study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize a. marginale that is prevalent in mongolian cattle populations. a highly specific and sensitive nested pcr (npcr) method based on the msp5 gene was developed to detect a. marginale (msp5 npcr). the method detected a. marginale from the positive dna samples obtained from different countries, while no amplicons were observed from dna samples of several other bovine blood pathog ...201323149483
lice outbreak in buffaloes: evidence of anaplasma marginale transmission by sucking lice haematopinus tuberculatus.lice infestations are commonly seen in buffaloes, causing damage directly to the animal, i.e., itching, skin lesions, and anemia. in addition, these insects can also be vectors for infectious diseases. the present study describes an outbreak of lice in buffaloes as well as evidence for haematopinus tuberculatus acting as a vector of anaplasmosis. lice and blood were collected from 4 young buffaloes (2- to 4-mo-old) and a molecular analysis for the presence of anaplasma marginale was conducted. d ...201323050728
rapid identification and differentiation of theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay.the present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine theileria species -t. sergenti and t. sinensis. the lamp assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61°c or 63°c, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. the results can be c ...201322947247
first molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in cattle and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in cebu, philippines.anaplasma marginale has been detected in the philippines only by peripheral blood smear examination and serological methods. this study generally aimed to molecularly detect and characterize a. marginale in cattle and ticks in cebu, philippines. a total of 12 bovine blood samples and 60 rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were collected on the cebu island in 2011. 16s rrna-based screening-pcr and dna sequencing revealed 8 cattle (66.7%) and 8 ticks (13.3%) to be positive for a. marginale, ...201322878542
vaccination with proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection.tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. the ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as subolesin (sub) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. based on these premises, herein we cha ...201324084474
antigenic variation and transmission fitness as drivers of bacterial strain structure.shifts in microbial strain structure underlie both emergence of new pathogens and shifts in patterns of infection and disease of known agents. understanding the selective pressures at a population level as well as the mechanisms at the molecular level represent significant gaps in our knowledge regarding microbial epidemiology. highly antigenically variant pathogens, which are broadly represented among microbial taxa, are most commonly viewed through the mechanistic lens of how they evade immune ...201323941262
transplacental transmission of anaplasma marginale in beef cattle chronically infected in southern brazil.in this study, we have investigated the incidence of transplacental transmission of anaplasma marginale in chronically infected cows with no history of acute anaplasmosis during gestation. in addition, we evaluated various techniques for detection of transplacental transmission of a. marginale. blood samples were collected from 30 cows at three different periods: at the time of artificial insemination, at gestational diagnosis, and after calving. also, blood was collected from the newborn calves ...201323856734
immune response of calves inoculated with proteins of anaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex.despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. in the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (iscomatrix) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rmsp1a, rmsp1b, rmsp4 and rmsp5) to improve the humoral immune response trigge ...201323856733
maternal antibody uptake, duration and influence on survival and growth rate in a cohort of indigenous calves in a smallholder farming system in western kenya.the passive transfer of antibodies from dams to offspring via colostrum is believed to play an important role in protecting neonatal mammals from infectious disease. the study presented here investigates the uptake of colostrum by 548 calves in western kenya maintained under smallholder farming, an important agricultural system in eastern africa. serum samples collected from the calves and dams at recruitment (within the first week of life) were analysed for the presence of antibodies to four ti ...201323838470
seroprevalence and risk factors for cattle anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis in a brazilian semiarid region.the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and trypanosoma vivax and the risk factors for these infections were investigated in 509 cows on 37 farms in the semiarid region of paraíba, northeastern brazil. cow serum samples were tested by means of immunofluorescence assay (ifa) against each specific antigen. the mean seroprevalence values per farm were 15.0% (range: 0-75%) for a. marginale, 9.5% (range: 0-40%) for b. bigemina and 26.9% (range: 0-73.7%) for b. bovis ...201323802235
a report on the high prevalence of anaplasma sp. in buffaloes from two provinces in pakistan.the present study was designed to use a pcr-rflp protocol for the molecular detection of anaplasma sp. and to compare its prevalence in blood samples from buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from 2 provinces of pakistan and to determine the risk factors associated with the spread of anaplasma infection. a total of 281 blood samples were collected from adults and calves of buffaloes from 4 sampling sites in southern punjab (bahawalnagar, burewala, layyah, and multan districts) and 2 in khyber pukhtoon kh ...201323743023
detection of anaplasma marginale in hyalomma asiaticum ticks by pcr assay.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was performed in this study to amplify the major surface protein 5 (msp5) gene from the genomic dna of anaplasma marginale in hyalomma asiaticum ticks by species-specific primers. sequence analysis showed that the msp5 gene was 643 bases long and that the pcr products from the samples had an identical sequence (jx507127). moreover, the blast showed that the sequence was identical to the msp5 sequences of a. marginale and most closely related to the a. marg ...201323636309
transcriptional pathways associated with the slow growth phenotype of transformed anaplasma marginale.the ability to genetically manipulate bacteria has been fundamentally important for both basic biological discovery and translational research to develop new vaccines and antibiotics. experimental alteration of the genetic content of prokaryotic pathogens has revealed both expected functional relationships and unexpected phenotypic consequences. slow growth phenotypes have been reported for multiple transformed bacterial species, including extracellular and intracellular pathogens. understanding ...201323607288
epitope-based vaccines with the anaplasma marginale msp1a functional motif induce a balanced humoral and cellular immune response in mice.bovine anaplasmosis is a hemoparasitic disease that causes considerable economic loss to the dairy and beef industries. cattle immunized with the anaplasma marginale msp1 outer membrane protein complex presents a protective humoral immune response; however, its efficacy is variable. immunodominant epitopes seem to be a key-limiting factor for the adaptive immunity. we have successfully demonstrated that critical motifs of the msp1a functional epitope are essential for antibody recognition of inf ...201323579784
association of bola-drb3 alleles with tick-borne disease tolerance in dairy cattle in a tropical environment.tick-borne disease is one of the most harmful tropical diseases in dairy production. selection of dairy cows for tolerance to tick-borne disease is a challenging concept for dairy breeders in the tropics. the objectives of this study were (1) to detect specific tick-borne pathogen in cattle of different genetics and (2) to examine the polymorphisms of drb3.2 alleles in thai dairy cattle and find the allelic association with tick-borne disease tolerance. specific primers to anaplasma marginale (a ...201323571121
molecular survey of bovine vector-borne pathogens in cebu, philippines.vector-borne diseases (vbds) continue to threaten the worldwide livestock industry, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys on such diseases have not been conducted in the philippines. in the present study, we screened 408 bovine blood samples from 9 areas in cebu, philippines, for various vbd pathogens using specific pcr assays. the results revealed prevalences of 54.7, 15.4, 10.0, and 12.0% for anaplasma spp., babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, and trypanosoma (tr.) theileri, respectively. in ...201323499481
red deer (cervus elaphus) as a host for the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in yucatan, mexico.rhipicephalus microplus is the most economically important cattle tick in the mexican tropics. wild ungulate species, including red deer (cervus elaphus), are gaining popularity in diversified livestock ranching operations in mexico. however, there is no information available on the susceptibility of red deer to infestation with the cattle tick, r. microplus, under hot, subhumid tropical conditions in mexico. biological data on r. microplus as an ectoparasite of cattle and red deer in a farm in ...201323423423
prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in adult dermacentor spp. ticks from nine collection sites in france.the importance of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is not well recognized in europe. to investigate the role of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens, questing ticks were collected in 9 sites from southern to northwestern france (camargue delta to eastern brittany) where dermacentor spp. exist and tick-borne diseases had occurred previously. three tick species were collected during the spring and autumn of 2009. collected ticks (both males and f ...201323421886
prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of punjab (india).to do the systematic comparison of prevalence of anaplasmosis by pcr and giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) based parasitological assays in dairy cattle of punjab, which has not been reported yet. to analyse the haematobiochemical alterations in infected animals to arrive at the conclusion regarding the pathogenicity induced by anaplasma marginale (a. marginale) in latent and patent infection.201323339917
a molecular survey of anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., ehrlichia canis and babesia microti in foxes and fleas from sicily.fleas (insecta: siphonaptera) are obligate bloodsucking insects, which parasitize birds and mammals, and are distributed throughout the world. several species have been implicated in pathogen transmission. this study aimed to monitor red foxes and the fleas isolated from them in the palermo and ragusa provinces of sicily, italy, as these organisms are potential reservoirs and vectors of pathogens. thirteen foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 110 fleas were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to de ...201324589112
molecular investigation and phylogeny of anaplasma spp. in mediterranean ruminants reveal the presence of neutrophil-tropic strains closely related to a. platys.few data are available on the prevalence and molecular typing of species belonging to the genus anaplasma in mediterranean ruminants. in this study, pcr analysis and sequencing of both 16s rrna and groel genes were combined to investigate the presence, prevalence, and molecular traits of anaplasma spp. in ruminants sampled on the island of sardinia, chosen as a subtropical representative area. the results demonstrate a high prevalence of anaplasma spp. in ruminants, with animals infected by at l ...201324162569
development of a real-time pcr assay for detection and quantification of anaplasma ovis infection.anaplasma ovis is a tick-borne intra-erythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of small ruminants. real-time pcr possesses merits of rapidity, accuracy, reliability, automation and ease of standardization, but has not been used for detection of a. ovis, to the best of our knowledge. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was developed for detection and quantification of a. ovis. species-specific primers and taqman probe were designed based on the glta gene. no cross-reactions were observed with anaplasma ...201324589111
bovine carriers of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma bovis in south india.carriers of bovine anaplasmosis in northern kerala, south india were detected using conventional microscopical and molecular techniques. pcr-rflp and nested pcr techniques were used for detection of anaplasma marginale and anaplasma bovis respectively and the pcr products were confirmed by sequencing. out of 150 samples tested, 25 were detected positive for a. marginale and five for a. bovis based on molecular tests. the inclusion bodies of a. marginale could be detected by microscopy in two blo ...201323665715
cross-protection between geographically distinct anaplasma marginale isolates appears to be constrained by limited antibody responses.the rickettsia anaplasma marginale causes the haemolytic disease bovine anaplasmosis, an economic problem in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. the closely related but less pathogenic anaplasma centrale is commonly used as a live vaccine to prevent anaplasmosis, but it can only be produced from infected blood. ufmg1 is a low pathogenic brazilian strain of a. marginale, which has been shown to protect cattle against a high pathogenic brazilian isolate. as ufmg1 can be grown in tick cells, ...201324589108
in memoriam. willibald scholz. 1889-1971. 20134554589
in memoriam. willibald scholz. 1889-1971. 20134554589
international conference on herpetic eye diseases. north lake tahoe, california, usa, september 6-8, 1986. proceedings. 20133829697
double internal auditory canal associated with progressive facial weakness.a case of progressive facial weakness associated with an anomaly of the internal auditory canal and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve is documented with clinical, radiological, and surgical findings. each portion of a double internal auditory canal (aberrant facial nerve canal) was found to contain a portion of the facial nerve, and each portion of the facial nerve was explored because a tumor was suspected to be the cause of the progressive weakness. however, no mass was found. the embry ...20133740236
[hdl, hdl2 and hdl3 cholesterol in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia in relation to clinical signs of arteriosclerosis]. 20133773408
norfloxacin concentrations in seminal plasma measured by hplc.eighteen healthy volunteers aged 22 to 37 (average 30.44 +/- 4.11 years) seeking fertility evaluation at the fertility and sterility centre of the medical clinic of the university of l'aquila medical school were studied for norfloxacin concentrations in serum, urine and seminal plasma 14-15 h after taking two 400 mg doses of the drug. the extraction of the biological fluids and the high pressure liquid chromatographic (hplc) assay were performed following a method described previously (1), with ...20133836861
a rare late complication of first trimester induced abortion requiring hysterectomy-subinvolution of the placental bed. case report. 20133730350
health care not on the election agenda. 20133679145
a method for blockout of remount casts. 20133903126
women's work, families and health. the balancing act. 20133648015
application of the role delineation project "framework" to a professional preparation program.using the framework for the development of competency-based curricula for entry level health educators, the health education faculty at the university of alabama at birmingham reviewed and modified their undergraduate health education professional preparation program. efforts focused on the five steps of preparation and study, review and organization of framework subcompetencies, organization of framework subcompetencies into potential courses, placement of objectives for courses, and revision o ...20133647189
cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis.a retrospective survey was carried out on approximately 800 scoliotic subjects attending a chest clinic over 25 years. one hundred thirty-one patients with unfused idiopathic scoliosis were identified and further consideration was restricted to 54 who were assessed at 30 years of age or older. sex, age of onset of curvature, severity at the time of presentation, degree of dyspnoea, presence of independent cardiac or pulmonary disease and smoking habit were recorded. measurements of lung function ...20133620323
the estrogen-receptor complex is bound at unusual chromatin regions.the estrogen receptor of mcf-7 cells labeled with high specific activity estradiol was used to mark the chromatin binding sites for this regulatory molecule. many of these sites are especially sensitive to nuclease, and produce on digestion a series of uniquely sedimenting products. several of these have been examined in some detail in this paper. these include a form of receptor that sediments in trace digests at 9s but in more extensive digests at 7s, fast mononucleosomes of about 12.5s, and a ...20133724149
detection cues in forward masking and their relationship to off-frequency listening.conventional and restricted-listening psychophysical tuning curve paradigms were used to evaluate the masking ability of forward maskers of different envelope characteristics, and the relationship between off-frequency listening effects and the envelope characteristics of both the variable masker and stationary masker used to restrict listening to a narrow region surrounding the probe. maskers were selected so as to differ widely in the degree of fluctuation in their envelopes. the masker with t ...20133745677
linkage between anaplasma marginale outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity but is not required for protection from challenge.the prevention of bacterial infections via immunization presents particular challenges. while outer membrane extracts are often protective, they are difficult and expensive to isolate and standardize and thus are often impractical for development and implementation in vaccination programs. in contrast, individual proteins, which are easily adapted for use in subunit vaccines, tend to be poorly protective. consequently, identification of the specific characteristics of outer membrane-based immuno ...201323446216
spinal instability and the log-rolling maneuver.immobilization of the spine is of prime concern during transportation of trauma patients to prevent neurologic compromise. in an attempt to study certain techniques of prehospital thoracolumbar spine immobilization, we radiographically evaluated the motion of the thoracolumbar spine in a volunteer with a stable spine, a cadaver with an unstable thoracolumbar spine, and a patient with a t12-l1 fracture dislocation. both the backboard and the scoop stretcher offered adequate stabilization for thor ...20133573109
functional and immunological relevance of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a sequence and structural analysis.bovine anaplasmosis is caused by cattle infection with the tick-borne bacterium, anaplasma marginale. the major surface protein 1a (msp1a) has been used as a genetic marker for identifying a. marginale strains based on n-terminal tandem repeats and a 5'-utr microsatellite located in the msp1a gene. the msp1a tandem repeats contain immune relevant elements and functional domains that bind to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells, thus providing information about the evolution of host-pathogen and ve ...201323776456
parasite co-infections show synergistic and antagonistic interactions on growth performance of east african zebu cattle under one year.the co-occurrence of different pathogen species and their simultaneous infection of hosts are common, and may affect host health outcomes. co-infecting pathogens may interact synergistically (harming the host more) or antagonistically (harming the host less) compared with single infections. here we have tested associations of infections and their co-infections with variation in growth rate using a subset of 455 animals of the infectious diseases of east africa livestock (ideal) cohort study surv ...201324001119
protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured anaplasma marginale strain.despite significant economic losses resulting from infection with anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen of cattle, available vaccines provide, at best, only partial protection against clinical disease. the green-fluorescent protein expressing mutant of the a. marginale st. maries strain is a live, marked vaccine candidate (amstm-gfp). to test whether amstm-gfp is safe and provides clinical protection, a group of calves was vaccinated, and clinical parameters, including per ...201323664994
identification of multilocus genetic heterogeneity in anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale and its restriction following tick-borne transmission.anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale was the first vaccine used to protect against a rickettsial disease and is still in widespread use a century later. as its use preceded development of either cryopreservation or cell culture, the vaccine strain was maintained for decades by sequential passage among donor animals, excluding the natural tick-borne transmission cycle that provides a selective pressure or population "bottleneck." we demonstrated that the vaccine strain is genetically heterogeneous ...201323509140
[presentation of a case of idiopathic sick sinus syndrome in childhood]. 20133808341
ethnic perspectives of cancer nursing: hispanics and japanese-americans. 20133646689
[sex education. teaching the history of life]. 20133650576
lambrinudi triple arthrodesis: a review with particular reference to the technique of operation.the purpose of this article is to describe the technique of performing the lambrinudi triple arthrodesis. the only change from the way the technique was first described by lambrinudi in 1972 is the use of staples to hold the correction, once the appropriate sections of bone have been removed. thirty-three feet in 28 patients have been reviewed. the etiology of their problems, their previous surgeries, and the outcome were reviewed, with an average follow-up of 3.6 years after the operation. all ...20133793905
theory and practice. 20133848692
initial combination therapy with yag laser photoresection and irradiation for inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. a preliminary report.patients presenting with inoperable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung and major symptomatic bronchial obstruction were treated initially with debulking of the airways by yag laser, followed by conventional external-beam radiotherapy. the former method was used to minimize postobstructive pneumonitis or respiratory failure (or both) that often complicates major brochial obstruction and also to lessen the burden of tumor to be treated by radiotherapy. the preliminary results of 19 patients trea ...20133709243
pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone in humans following single-agent infusion or intra-arterial injection therapy or combined-agent infusion therapy.this study describes the pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone determined by a sensitive and specific hplc-method. the time-concentration curves of i.v.-treated patients (15 mg/m2 over 30 min) correspond to a three-compartment model with a t1/2 alpha of 12 min, a t1/2 beta of 93 min, and a slow elimination phase of 36 h. the central compartment volume was 26.22 and the distribution volume, 1381.9. the mean urinary excretion was 4.9% of the total dose. the pharmacokinetic parameters were also defined ...20133757156
[knee symptoms in children]. 20143974742
[varicose and aneurysm-like dilatation of deep-situated veins of the lower extremities]. 20144789220
dose-finding clinical assay of triletide in gastric and duodenal ulceration.three groups of 15 patients with endoscopically confirmed active gastric or duodenal ulcer were treated over a period of 8 weeks with daily doses of 1, 1.5 or 2 g triletide, an anti-ulcer agent which acts by enhancing the mucosal defence capacity. intensity of epigastric pain and of heartburn and weekly consumption of standard antacid tablets, as well as possible accessory symptoms, were recorded every other week, endoscopy was repeated at the end of treatment and routine haematology and haemato ...20144059296
[study of the behavior of 1 c- 1 a, iga, igm and igg globulins in healthy premature infants and their mother]. 20144108761
retrospective study of hemoparasites in cattle in southern italy by reverse line blot hybridization.tick-borne diseases are widespread in tropical and temperate regions and are responsible for important economic losses in those areas. in order to assess the presence and prevalence of various pathogens in southern italy, we retrospectively analyzed cattle blood samples collected for a previous study in 2000 using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the study had been carried out in three regions of southern italy on 1,500 randomly selected and apparently healthy adult cattle. rlb showed that ...201424614604
anaplasma marginale superinfection attributable to pathogen strains with distinct genomic backgrounds.strain superinfection occurs when a second pathogen strain infects a host already infected with a primary strain. the selective pressures that drive strain divergence, which underlies superinfection, and allow penetration of a new strain into a host population are critical knowledge gaps relevant to shifts in infectious disease epidemiology. in regions of endemicity with a high prevalence of infection, broad population immunity develops against anaplasma marginale, a highly antigenically variant ...201425287920
immunization-induced anaplasma marginale-specific t-lymphocyte responses impaired by a. marginale infection are restored after eliminating infection with tetracycline.infection of cattle with anaplasma marginale fails to prime sustained effector/memory t-cell responses, and high bacterial load may induce antigen-specific cd4 t exhaustion and deletion. we tested the hypothesis that clearance of persistent infection restores the exhausted t-cell response. we show that infection-induced t-cell exhaustion, characterized as loss of antigen-specific proliferation, and gamma interferon (ifn-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) production are partially restored ...201425008904
understanding anaplasmataceae pathogenesis using "omics" approaches.this paper examines how "omics" approaches improve our understanding of anaplasmataceae pathogenesis, through a global and integrative strategy to identify genes and proteins involved in biochemical pathways key for pathogen-host-vector interactions. the anaplasmataceae family comprises obligate intracellular bacteria mainly transmitted by arthropods. these bacteria are responsible for major human and animal endemic and emerging infectious diseases with important economic and public health impac ...201425072029
high genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale detected from philippine cattle.a total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the philippines were screened for anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groel) gene-pcr assay. the screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (msp1a) gene-pcr assay. screening pcr results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the a. marginale infection. subsequent amplification using the msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. in addition, 37 tandem-repe ...201424717413
a longitudinal assessment of the serological response to theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western kenya.tick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-saharan africa. improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure to theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from 548 indigenous calves in western kenya. the percentage of calves seropositive for the first three parasites declined from initial high levels d ...201424838078
identification of rhipicephalus microplus genes that modulate the infection rate of the rickettsia anaplasma marginale.arthropod vectors transmit a diversity of animal and human pathogens, ranging from rna viruses to protozoal parasites. chemotherapeutic control of pathogens has classically focused either on insecticides that kill the vector itself or antimicrobials for infected patients. the limitation of the former is that it targets both infected and uninfected vectors and selects for resistant populations while the latter requires prompt and accurate diagnosis. an alternative strategy is to target vector mol ...201424608654
re-emergence of bovine piroplasmosis in hungary: has the etiological role of babesia divergens been taken over by b. major and theileria buffeli?the prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by babesia divergens has been declining during the past decades in northeastern hungary, and no cases have been observed since 2008. infections of cattle with b. major and theileria buffeli were hitherto reported in southern and western europe. in other parts of the globe, there is evidence of emergence and a growing clinical importance of t. buffeli and closely related genotypes of the t. orientalis complex.201425212410
knockdown of the rhipicephalus microplus cytochrome c oxidase subunit iii gene is associated with a failure of anaplasma marginale transmission.rhipicephalus microplus is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite of cattle and an important biological vector of anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical regions. the primary determinants for a. marginale transmission are infection of the tick gut, followed by infection of salivary glands. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs via infected saliva delivered during tick feeding. interference in colonization of either the tick gut or salivary glands can affect transmission of a. mar ...201424878588
global transcriptional analysis reveals surface remodeling of anaplasma marginale in the tick vector.pathogens dependent upon vectors for transmission to new hosts undergo environment specific changes in gene transcription dependent on whether they are replicating in the vector or the mammalian host. differential gene transcription, especially of potential vaccine candidates, is of interest in anaplasma marginale, the tick-borne causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis.201424751137
knockout of an outer membrane protein operon of anaplasma marginale by transposon mutagenesis.the large amounts of data generated by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics have increased our understanding of the biology of anaplasma marginale. however, these data have also led to new assumptions that require testing, ideally through classical genetic mutation. one example is the definition of genes associated with virulence. here we describe the molecular characterization of a red fluorescent and spectinomycin and streptomycin resistant a. marginale mutant generated by himar1 transposo ...201424725301
tick capillary feeding for the study of proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions as potential antigens for the control of tick infestation and pathogen infection.ticks represent a significant health risk to animals and humans due to the variety of pathogens they can transmit during feeding. the traditional use of chemicals to control ticks has serious drawbacks, including the selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination with chemical residues. vaccination with the tick midgut antigen bm86 was shown to be a good alternative for cattle tick control. however, results vary considerably between tick species and geographic location. t ...201424450836
control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen.despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ...201424398155
[differentiations in the kinetic field. (conditions for development of the metamere)]. 20144244915
[significance of immunoglobulins for the diagnosis and evaluation of the course of liver diseases]. 20144189684
[laparoscopic and scintigraphic correlations in chronic hepatopathy]. 20144262194
actinomycin and nucleic acid function. 20144157816
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