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[pediatric bacteremia strains grow in blood culture media].bacteremia strains may influence the clinical therapy, the isolation of bacteremia strains is important for patients. in order to understand the distribution and the growth in the blood culture media of bacteremia strains, from january 1982 through december 1988 we studied the blood culture sent to us from the pediatric ward. these were three hundred and forty one bacterial strains (3.1%) isolated from patients. in the meantime we also studied the bacteremia strains growth in the blood culture m ...19911848461
phosphatase production by a citrobacter sp. growing in batch cultures retarded by anaerobic or osmotic stress, and the effect of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine.the effect of 500 mm nacl on the growth, and phosphatase production of a citrobacter sp. was investigated. although growth was retarded, phosphatase production was enhanced by 50%. relief from osmotic stress using the osmoprotectant glycine betaine gave normal growth, but phosphatase activity was reduced. the citrobacter sp. ceased to grow following a shift to anaerobic conditions, but anaerobically-incubated cells continued to produce phosphatase after a transient lag.19911851712
in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin.gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ...19911854174
modulation of the intestinal flora of mice by parenteral treatment with broad-spectrum cephalosporins.a study was performed to determine the effect of parenteral treatment with four broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime) on the number of aerobic gram-negative rods and on the outgrowth of candida albicans and a multiresistant strain of citrobacter freundii in the feces of mice. the estimated fractions of a parenteral dose that were excreted into the gastrointestinal tract were 0.37 for cefoperazone, 0.11 for ceftriaxone, 0.03 for ceftazidime, and 0.00 ...19911854180
concomitant dissemination of three extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among different enterobacteriaceae isolated in a french hospital.from january 1988 to august 1989, 267 non-repetitive strains of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbla) derived from tem (ctx-1/tem-3, caz-6) or shv (caz-5) were isolated from 219 colonized or infected patients. esblas were characterized by analytical isoelectric focusing. biotypes, resistance phenotypes and plasmid patterns were determined in order to differentiate the isolates in each species. among the 116 ctx-1-producing enterobacteriaceae, 48 strains were diff ...19911856124
intestinal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in pakistani and swedish hospital-delivered infants.rectal cultures from swedish and pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. swedish infants were delivered vaginally, pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. the swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the pakistani infants. both groups of pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the swedish infants ...19911867075
in vitro activity of an oxycephem ocp 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams.ocp 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at c-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at c-3. ocp 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog me 1228 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, providencia stuartii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens. activity against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was equivalent. ocp 9-176 was twofold less active than me-1228 against p ...19911873972
antigen sharing of salmonella typhi non-flagellar proteins with other salmonellae and some shigellae and escherichia coli.cathodal moving protein components were identified in agarose gel electrophoresis of the veronal buffer extract of a non-motile strain of s. typhi (8393, colindale). rabbit antiserum was raised against these cationic proteins; it had both agglutinating and precipitating activity. a total of 80 salmonella strains belonging to serogroups a, b, c1, c2, d, e1 and e2 including 26 s. typhi and 10 s. paratyphi a were tested against this antiserum in a slide agglutination test; all strains were agglutin ...19911874550
antimicrobial contact activity of econazole sulfosalicylate.the aim of this investigation was to compare the contact action of econazole sulfosalicylate (e-ssa) on mycetes (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, trichophyton rubrum, t. cutaneum, pityrosporum sp.), gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii) with that exerted by econazole nitrate (e-nit). the results show e-ssa activity greater than e-nit (in particular against mycetes ...19911875229
some molecular properties of citrobacter diversus beta-lactamases.citrobacter diversus ula-27, a clinical isolate showing a broad resistance pattern towards both penicillins and cephalosporins, produces chromosome encoded beta-lactamases. however, the strain remains susceptible to some cephamycins, imipenem, ceftazidime and tetracyclines. crude bacterial extracts analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels, revealed the presence of two main isoforms and some "satellite" bands focusing in the ph range 5.7-7.2. the isoform showing the pis 6.8 and 6.2 ...19911875237
n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, etiologic agent, and duration of clinical signs for sequential episodes of chronic clinical mastitis in dairy cows.this study examined effects of repeated episodes of clinical mastitis in chronically infected quarters on milk n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity and duration of clinical signs. milk samples were collected at each clinical onset from 49 chronic mastitis cases on a 1700-cow michigan dairy farm. there were 49 first episodes of clinical mastitis, 49 second episodes, and 13 episodes of third or more. agents isolated were staphylococcus aureus (18.4%), staphylococcus (7.3%), no growth (20.2%), ...19911880262
bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility tests at kaffa regional public health laboratory, south west ethiopia.a two year period bacteriological data was analysed and the frequent bacterial isolates from different clinical specimens included: s. aureus, 25% e. coli, 15%; proteus spp 14%; citrobacter-enterobacter group, 10% coagulase negative staphylococcus species, 9%; and other miscellaneous bacteria each less than 9%. the majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to commonly available antimicrobial agents like tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol.19911880409
[clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children].cefpirome (cpr, hr 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. cpr was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minut ...19911880923
[combined antibacterial activity of aztreonam and clindamycin against clinically isolated strains].it has been reported in some studies that the combination of aztreonam (azt) and clindamycin (cldm) have high clinical effectiveness in the treatment of intractable infections. we, therefore, studied combined in vitro antibacterial activity of these 2 compounds using many freshly isolated strains. 1. azt and cldm in combination had synergistic effects on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, which are sensitive or quasi-sensitive ...19911880932
trabulsiella guamensis, a new genus and species of the family enterobacteriaceae that resembles salmonella subgroups 4 and 5.in 1985 the vernacular name enteric group 90 was coined for a small group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as probable strains of salmonella but did not agglutinate in salmonella typing antisera. by dna-dna hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, 32p), seven strains of enteric group 90 were found to be closely related (98 to 100% at 60 degrees c and 94 to 100% at 75 degrees c) to the first strain received (0370-85). the relatedness of enteric group 90 to 62 strains of other spec ...19911885744
bactericidal effect of 15-deoxyspergualin on staphylococcus aureus.15-deoxyspergualin (dsg), an immunosuppressive agent used in organ transplantation, exerts metabolic and antiproliferative effects on methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria (e.g. sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis, shigella sonnei, salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii). dsg, at the concentration of 20 mg/l, depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine in s. aureus to 43 and 40% of the controls, respectively. in these polyamine-depleted s. aureus cel ...19911889307
combination effect of sce-2787 and cefepime with aminoglycosides on nosocomial gram-negative bacteria.the in vitro activity of cefepime and sce-2787, two new parenteral cephalosporins, and the combination effect with tobramycin and gentamicin against nosocomial gram-negative rods was studied using checkerboard agar dilution technique. cefepime showed excellent in-vitro activity against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and proteus vulgaris (mic90 0.03-0.125 mg/l) and good to moderate activity against acinetobacter anitratus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas c ...19911889877
post-sclerotherapy bacterial peritonitis.endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy has been associated with a number of complications. peritonitis after sclerotherapy has rarely been reported. in this retrospective review of 213 consecutive sclerotherapy procedures among 65 patients over a 3-yr period, we found that six cases of peritonitis occurred, for an incidence of approximately 3%. all patients developing post-sclerotherapy peritonitis had low ascitic fluid protein. however, this did not differ from patients who did not develop peritonit ...19911901442
activity of antiseptics against biofilms of mixed bacterial species growing on silicone surfaces.as part of a programme to establish the relative merits of antiseptics that are used as bladder instillations to control urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters, the activity of five such formulations were tested against dense (10(9) cfu/cm2) mixed biofilms composed of citrobacter diversus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecalis growing on silicone discs. all three species were resistant to chlorhexidine (200 mg/l) and povidone-iodine (1% v/v) in the biofilm mode ...19911905626
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with high antipseudomonal activity.ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a catechol moiety attached at position 7 of the cephalosporin ring, showed high in vitro activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, and streptococcus pyogenes, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic90s) of less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml. morganella morganii, providencia rettgeri, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae were inhi ...19911906261
activity of some antiseptics against urinary tract pathogens growing as biofilms on silicone surfaces.the activity of chlorhexidine, mandelic acid and a mandelic/lactic mixture were tested against biofilms of four species of gram-negative nosocomial organisms that commonly infect the catheterized urinary tract. cells growing on silicone discs were exposed to concentrations of agents used in bladder instillation. citrobacter diversus biofilms proved to be sensitive to all three agents. pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella pneumoniae all survived well in chlorhexidine but their ...19911908381
activity of antiseptics against biofilms of mixed bacterial species growing on silicone surfaces.as part of a programme to establish the relative merits of antiseptics that are used as bladder instillations to control urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters, the activity of five such formulations were tested against dense (10(9) cfu/cm2) mixed biofilms composed of citrobacter diversus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecalis growing on silicone discs. all three species were resistant to chlorhexidine (200 mg/l) and povidone-iodine (1% v/v) in the biofilm mode ...19911908382
formaldehyde-resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by dna-hybridization.a 4.1. kb large dna fragment of a e. coli plasmid pvu 3695, on which the genes for formaldehyde-resistance are located, was used as a dna probe to identify bacteria that carry this segment among formaldehyde-resistant bacteria. it was shown by southern blot-, dot blot-, and colony blot- hybridization studies that the dna of all formaldehyde-resistant e. coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested hybridize with the dna probe from ...19911909132
review of citrobacter bacteremia in cancer patients over a sixteen-year period.a review was conducted of 65 episodes of citrobacter bacteremia in cancer patients during a 16-year period. cases of polymicrobial bacteremia were excluded from this analysis. the infection occurred most commonly in patients with acute leukemia. most patients acquired the infection in the hospital, and 57% had received antibiotic therapy during the preceding ten days. fever occurred in 98% of cases and shock in 17%. thirty-eight percent of patients had concomitant pneumonia. patients with shock, ...19911915382
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime against bacterial isolates obtained from patients with cancer.the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime, an oral cephalosporin ester, against 792 bacterial isolates representing 36 species was evaluated in comparison to that of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). cefpodoxime inhibited the majority of streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae and proteus mirabilis at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. it was also active against citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus vulgaris, serratia mar ...19911915401
[clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine].fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ...19911920813
in vitro susceptibility testing procedures for fosfomycin tromethamine.fosfomycin tromethamine (previously fosfomycin trometamol) is an orally administered fosfomycin which may be used for single-dose therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. fosfomycin tromethamine, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited greater than 90% of 352 bacterial isolates representing 25 different species; trimethoprim and nalidixic acid had narrower spectrums of activity. strains of escherichia, citrobacter, enterobacter, and klebsiella species were much more su ...19911929270
influence of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the potency of their companion drug with organisms possessing class i enzymes.the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i beta-lactamases in certain organisms in vitro suggests a potential for antagonism in vivo. therefore, a study was designed to assess the ability of sulbactam and clavulanate to induce beta-lactamases in two strains each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. induction in vitro was observed only with s. marcescens and p. aeruginosa and generally only when i ...19911929291
in vitro comparison of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, with ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against 5,203 recent clinical isolates.the activity of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. gr69153 was generally very active at concentrations equivalent to or two- to fourfold lower than those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against gram-negative bacilli other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and xanthomonas maltophilia. against pseudomonas ae ...19911929319
in vitro antibacterial activity of me1207, a new oral cephalosporin.me1207 is the prodrug of me1206. its in vitro antibacterial activity was compared with that of cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefaclor against various clinical isolates. me1206 was more active than the other cephems tested against staphylococci, streptococci, morganella morganii, pseudomonas cepacia, and flavobacterium meningosepticum and had the most potent activity against haemophilus influenzae and neiserria gonorrhoeae. the drug also showed a wide spectrum of activity against other gra ...19911929344
purification and mutant analysis of citrobacter freundii ampr, the regulator for chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase.ampr, the transcriptional regulator for the citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene, was purified. the purified ampr had dna-binding activity, the same molecular mass (32 kda) on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as previously described, and n-terminal sequencing of the first 15 amino acids was in agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. two mutants were isolated that abolish dna-binding and beta-lactamase induction and which map in the amino- an ...19911943705
clinical implications of multi-drug resistance in the intensive care unit.a prospective in vitro survey of gram-negative isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in intensive care units in 10 boston teaching hospitals was undertaken to document current susceptibility patterns and analyze patterns of cross-resistance. one thousand and five isolates were obtained, 18% were pseudomonas, 18% escherichia coli, 13% klebsiella, and 22% were in the enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia group. cross-resistance among beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors was common for s ...19911947823
mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.the use of new beta-lactam antibiotics has led to selection of novel forms of resistance. newer-generation cephalosporins, ureidopenicillins and monobactams, but not carbapenems (e.g. imipenem), are labile to class i chromosomal beta-lactamases and tend to select mutants of e. cloacae and p. aeruginosa that constitutively synthesize high levels of these enzymes. selection occurs more rarely with serratia, citrobacter and indole positive protease. third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams, ...19911947825
pharmacokinetic studies and renal dehydropeptidase stability of the new beta-lactamase inhibitor brl 42715 in animals.brl 42715 is a novel, highly potent beta-lactamase inhibitor with good activity against a broad range of beta-lactamases, including the class i enzymes of enterobacter and citrobacter spp. (k. coleman, d.r.j. griffin, j.w.j. page, and p.a. upshon, antimicrob. agents chemother. 33:1580-1587, 1989). the pharmacokinetics of brl 42715 were studied following oral and parenteral administration in mice, rats, rabbits, beagle dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. the elimination half-life (t1/2) of brl 42715 fo ...19911952842
enterotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from swedish travellers with diarrhoea.the isolation rate of bacterial enteropathogens of different species, particularly enterotoxin-producing gram-negative bacteria, was determined in stool specimens from swedish travellers with diarrhoea. overall, bacterial enteropathogens were identified in 101 (47%) of the 217 travellers on their return home. the most common isolates were enterotoxin-producing bacteria (20%), salmonellae (18%) and campylobacter (8%), whereas shigellae (3%) and yersinia (0.5%) were rarely identified. mixed infect ...19911957131
characterization of fce 22101-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the effect of fce 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for pseudomonas aeruginosa.twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) were exposed to fce 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the mic. any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the mic was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to f ...19911960118
[antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka].we examined mics of 6 oral new quinolones and 4 oral cephems against bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka during the period from january to june in 1990, and the following results were obtained. 1. all species excluding streptococcus pyogenes were more sensitive with less frequencies of resistance to new quinolones than to cephems. in new quinolones, tosufloxacin (tflx) was the most active against gram-positive cocci and ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and tflx had the highest activities ...19911960855
[antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections].in order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (oflx) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. the following conclusions were reached. 1. comparison of the mic distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of oflx-resistant ...19911960856
the influence of clinical use of antibiotics and the sensitivity of strains isolated from postoperative infections--a comparison of nosocomial pathogens with strains isolated from the bacterial flora of patients.in the present study, we investigated how the recent clinical use of antibiotics have altered the antibiotic susceptibility of strains isolated from postoperative infections, especially gram-negative rods. for pseudomonas aeruginosa, serogroup e strains accounted for about 20 per cent of postoperative infections, but were unable to be isolated from either the feces of patients on admission or from the appendix contents of patients with appendicitis. it therefore appeared that serogroup e strains ...19911960895
dna sequence of a salmonella-specific dna fragment and the use of oligonucleotide probes for salmonella detection.hybridization specificity of a 1.8-kb hindiii dna fragment isolated from salmonella typhimurium by a molecular cloning technique was confirmed by colony hybridization with 327 salmonella isolates of various serotypes and 56 non-salmonella isolates including enterobacteriaceae closely related to salmonella, such as escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and shigella. it was found that this 1.8-kb dna fragment was highly specific for all the salmonella isolates tested. the dna sequence of this ...19911367316
synthesis and functioning of the colicin e1 lysis protein: comparison with the colicin a lysis protein.the colicin e1 lysis protein, cela, was identified as a 3-kda protein in induced cells of escherichia coli k-12 carrying pcole1 by pulse-chase labeling with either [35s]cysteine or [3h]lysine. this 3-kda protein was acylated, as shown by [2-3h]glycerol labeling, and seemed to correspond to the mature cela protein. the rate of modification and processing of cela was different from that observed for cal, the colicin a lysis protein. in contrast to cal, no intermediate form was detected for cela, n ...19911987117
serological cross-reaction between legionella pneumophila and citrobacter freundii in indirect immunofluorescence and rapid microagglutination tests.we describe the first case in which a diagnostic rise in titers of antibody to formalinized legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 yolk sac antigen was shown to be caused by a cross-reaction between l. pneumophila and another organism, citrobacter freundii.19911993758
production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11.a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ...19911993773
core region of citrobacter o23 lipopolysaccharide. structure elucidation by chemical methods, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz.a novel enterobacterial core region in citrobacter o23 lipopolysaccharide is described. its structure was determined by methylation analysis/mass spectrometry, chemical degradation and one- and two-dimensional 1h-nmr spectroscopy: [formula; see text] where ppetn stands for diphosphorylethanolamine, and docla for 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid.19912001698
pathophysiology of citrobacter diversus neonatal meningitis: comparative studies in an infant mouse model.citrobacter diversus is a cause of devastating neonatal meningitis, with illness characterized by formation of multiple brain abscesses. we developed an infant mouse intracranial inoculation model to evaluate the pathophysiology of c. diversus neonatal infections. eighteen of 26 strains inoculated intracranially at a dose of ca. 3.3 x 10(3) cfu caused greater than 50% mortality in 2-day-old mice. no correlation was seen between the epidemiologic characteristics of a strain and its rate of mortal ...19912004815
successful treatment of neonatal citrobacter freundii meningitis with ceftriaxone.citrobacter meningitis is an uncommon enteric gram-negative infection that afflicts neonates and young children. approximately 30 percent of children treated or untreated die from the infection. we report a case of c. freundii meningitis that was resistant to ampicillin and was successfully treated with ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin. a 13-day-old, full-term baby was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of fever up to 38.8 degrees c. on admission the infant had a temper ...19912008783
antimicrobial effects of the combination of ceftibuten and an orally absorbed penem sch 29482.ceftibuten is a new beta-lactamase-stable 3-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that lacks activity against staphylococci and group-b streptococci. we determined the effect of the combination of ceftibuten with sch 29482, an orally absorbed penem. the combination of the two agents was additive for 25% or indifferent for 57% of the gram-positive species, haemophilus, and moraxella tested with a mean fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) index of 0.75. the combination of ceftibuten and sch 29482 was ...19912013213
antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (hr 111v), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.cefquinome is a new injectable aminothiazolyl cephalosporin derivative. it is stable against chromosomally and plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases and has a broad antibacterial spectrum. staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the family enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, salmonella spp., klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., and serratia marcescens) are inhibited at low concentrations. cefquinome is also active against many strains of methicill ...19912014969
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of gr69153, a new long-acting cephalosporin.gr69153, a new parenteral cephalosporin, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, shigellae, and salmonellae at less than 0.25 micrograms/ml (mic90). it had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, and e-1040. against cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens, mics ranged from 0.12 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml, and cefpirome and cefepime were the most active ag ...19912024959
in vitro activity of a catechol-substituted cephalosporin, gr69153.the in vitro activity of gr69153, a new catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, and ceftriaxone against 604 recent clinical isolates and other strains with known mechanisms of resistance. the mics of gr69153 for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested were less than 0.5 micrograms/ml, with the exceptions of those for serratia spp. (4 micrograms/ml), citrobacter spp. (2 micrograms/ml), and enterobacter spp. (8 micrograms/ ...19912024966
antibiotic susceptibility of 629 bacterial blood and csf isolates from swedish infants and the therapeutic implications.blood and csf isolates (n = 629) from swedish infants up to one year of age were tested in vitro against 13 antimicrobial agents in order to update the guidelines for empiric therapy of septicaemia and meningitis. ampicillin plus gentamicin provided inadequate empiric therapy for meningitis, due to the poor csf penetration of the aminoglycoside and the frequent occurrence of bacterial resistance to ampicillin. ceftazidime and cefuroxime were moderately active, particularly against isolates from ...19912035312
proteolytic interconversion and n-terminal sequences of the citrobacter diversus major beta-lactamases.the n-terminal sequences of the two major beta-lactamases produced by citrobacter diversus differed only by the absence of the first residue in form ii and the loss of five amino acid residues at the c-terminal end. limited proteolysis of the homogeneous form i protein yielded a variety of enzymatically active products. in the major product obtained after the action of papain, the first three n-terminal residues of form i had been cleaved, whereas at the c-terminal end the treated enzyme lacked ...19912039443
[microbiological quality of mechanically deboned beef].microbial quality of mechanically deboned beef (mdb), which was obtained by the discontinuous hydraulic horizontal separator, type inject-star (firm laska, austria), was analyzed for the presence of indicatory microorganisms (coliforms and enterococci), pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. the basic microbial parameters have been determined separately for mdb of 1st, 2nd degrees as well as for average daily samples from one collecting vessel. apart from it, also a raw material ...19912042400
phospholipase-a-independent damage caused by the colicin a lysis protein during its assembly into the inner and outer membranes of escherichia coli.the requirement for the activation of phospholipase a by the colicin a lysis protein (cal) in the efficient release of colicin a by escherichia coli cells containing colicin a plasmids was studied. in particular, we wished to determine if this activation is the primary effect of cal or whether it reflects more generalized damage to the envelope caused by the presence of large quantities of this small acylated protein. e. coli tolq cells, which were shown to be leaky for periplasmic proteins, wer ...19912045784
in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activities of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain.the antibacterial activity of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with ceftazidime, aztreonam and cefoperazone as the reference antibiotics. cp6162 showed weak or little activity against gram-positive bacteria, but potent activity against clinical isolates of the gram-negative species including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, ps. cepacia, acinetobacter sp., xanthomonas maltophilia, serratia ...19912050596
a weak adaptive response to alkylation damage in salmonella typhimurium.an efficient adaptive response to alkylation damage was observed in several enterobacterial species, including klebsiella aerogenes, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, escherichia alkalescens, escherichia hermanii, and escherichia fergusonii. increased o6-methylguanine-dna and methylphosphotriester-dna methyltransferase activities correlated with the induction of a 39-kda protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the escherichia coli ada protein. induced methyltransferase activit ...19912050626
antibacterial activity of crotalid venoms against oral snake flora and other clinical bacteria.despite heavy oral and fang contamination of crotalid species with a wide variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria, crotalid envenomation is associated with a low incidence of bacterial infection. minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of venoms from three crotalid species were determined against six aerobic and eight anaerobic reference and oral crotalid microorganisms. all anaerobic isolates were resistant to greater than 20,480 micrograms/ml, whereas variable activity (range, 5- ...19912056205
[the clinical case. hovawart, female, 9 years old]. 19912068706
in-vitro evaluation of ampicillin/brobactam and comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics.the ability of brobactam to inhibit beta-lactamases and the in vitro activity of ampicillin combined with brobactam was compared with another beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, and other beta-lactam antibiotics. both inhibitors showed good and similar activity against staphylococcal penicillinase and most broad-spectrum beta-lactamases found in the enterobacteriaceae, whether plasmid or chromosomally mediated. both inhibitors were less active against chromosomally mediated cephalosporina ...19911646779
presence of 5-methylcytosine in cc(a/t)gg sequences (dcm methylation) in dnas from different bacteria.the presence of cc(a/t)gg sequences with methylated internal cytosine (dcm methylation) was determined in dna from different genera of eubacteria. this methylation was studied by using restriction enzymes ecorii and bstni, which cleave unmethylated or methylated cc(a/t)gg sequences. dcm methylation was only detected in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to escherichia: shigella, citrobacter, salmonella, and klebsiella.19911657894
a large nontypical outbreak of norwalk virus. gastroenteritis associated with exposing celery to nonpotable water and with citrobacter freundii.the us air force academy experienced a point-source outbreak of gastroenteritis originally believed to be caused by salmonella. the overall attack rate was 48% among approximately 3000 cadets and staff. food-specific attack rates implicated chicken salad. the odds ratio for chicken salad consumption in ill cadets was 10.7 (95% confidence interval: 8.2; 13.8). the celery component had been exposed to nonpotable water. citrobacter freundii were statistically associated with consumption of the susp ...19911660704
molecular cloning of the viab region of salmonella typhi.the viab region required for vi antigen production in salmonella typhi was cloned. the plasmid pgbm124 containing a 14-kb s. typhi chromosomal dna fragment conferred the ability to produce vi antigen on escherichia coli hb101 and viab-deleted s. typhi gifu10007-3. tn5 insertion analysis showed that the 14-kb dna was split into three regions. region 1 and region 2 are involved in the biosynthesis of vi polysaccharide. region 3 is involved in translocation of the vi polysaccharide to the cell surf ...19911664401
in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin).the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ...19911664418
[bacteremic pneumonia caused by citrobacter diversus: report of a case].a 61 year old male with a localized gastric cancer developed a post-operative pneumonia by c. diversus which was isolated from blood and from bronchoalveolar lavage. a satisfactory response was observed after treatment with penicillin and amikacin. a brief review of the literature concerning the clinical relevance of infections by this unusual agent is offered.19911668779
indirect antigen-trap elisas using polyclonal antisera for detection of group b and d salmonellas in chickens.indirect antigen-trap elisas able to detect salmonella typhimurium and s. enteritidis are described. their limits of sensitivity were about 10(7) organisms in nutrient broth culture. with the elisa developed for s. typhimurium, 76 of 77 strains gave optical density (od) readings of 1.06 to 1.40. three other serotypes from group b in the kaufmann-white scheme gave high values: s. saintpaul produced an od of 1.40, s. schwarzengrund 0.93 and s. derby 0.88. twenty other serotypes all produced od val ...199118680021
characterization of membrane-bound spermidine dehydrogenase of citrobacter freundii.spermidine dehydrogenase found in the membrane fraction of citrobacter freundii ifo 12681 was solubilized with triton x-100 and further purified to homogeneity. the properties of the membrane enzyme were almost identical to those obtained from the soluble fraction of the organism with respect to molecular and catalytic properties. thus, binding properties of the enzyme to the bacterial membrane were checked. the ratio of enzyme activity found in the soluble fraction to the membrane fraction was ...19921369091
immunochemical characterization of citrobacter strain pcm 1487 o-specific polysaccharide- and core oligosaccharide-protein conjugates.o-specific-polysaccharide and core oligosaccharide were isolated from citrobacter strain pcm 1487 lipopolysaccharide and purified. the polysaccharide was selectively devoid of 4-deoxy-d-arabinohexose residues. covalent conjugates of the modified o-specific polysaccharide and of the core oligosaccharide with tetanus toxoid were prepared. immunochemical characterization of these conjugates proved that they are strong immunogens. using monospecific rabbit antisera raised against the conjugates, the ...19921376131
citrobacter freundii septic arthritis.septic arthritis in an 8 month old infant due to citrobacter freundii was treated successfully with a third generation cephalosporin. infections due to citrobacter are uncommon in this age group and are almost unknown as a cause of septic arthritis.19921389455
binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates to fractions of intestinal bacterial cells.the binding of mutagenic pyrolyzates to cell fractions from some gram-negative intestinal bacteria and to thermally treated bacterial cells was investigated. 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-2) were effectively bound by several of the bacterial cells. the cell wall skeletons of all bacteria effectively bound trp-p-1 and trp-p-2. their cytoplasmic fractions retained trp-p-1 and trp-p-2, but to a lesser extent than the cell wa ...19921393830
[bacterial contamination of arthropods in a health facility].at 55 sites of a health institution in july and september 1990 a total of 161 specimens of arthropods were detected, 30 outdoors and 131 on the premises of the health institution. on their bodies 116 bacterial strains were isolated, mostly gram-negative rods (more than 85%), in particular spp. enterobacter, acinetobacter, klebsiella, citrobacter and pseudomonas. gram-positive cocci accounted for cca 12%, in particular strains of s. haemolyticus and s. hominis. the greatest number of strains was ...19921394473
antibacterial activity of the investigational oral and parenteral cephalosporin bk-218.bk-218 is a novel cephalosporin with a dual route of administration and spectrum of activity most similar to that of second-generation cephalosporins. bk-218 was active against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis but strains resistant to penicillins had higher mics. bk-218 had greater activity (8-fold) than cefuroxime or cefaclor against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus spp. moderate bk-218 activity was observed against neisseria gonorrhoeae and commonl ...19921396735
comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ru29246, the active metabolite of hr916b.hr 916b is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. in tests its active metabolite, ru29246, inhibited streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the antibacterial activity of cefuroxime, and was more active than cefaclor. it was also more active (mic 2 micrograms/ml) than cefixime, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefotaxime against staphylococci. ru29246 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, ci ...19921396779
citrobacter sepsis in infants.a study of blood cultures from 320 cases of neonatal sepsis showed 136 (42.5%) to be positive for bacterial growth; of these 82 (60.29%) isolates being gram negative bacilli. citrobacter was the commonest gram negative bacilli isolated. other commonly isolated gram negative organisms were pseudomonas, klebsiella, salmonella typhimurium, acinetobacter and escherichia coli. antibiotics susceptibility pattern revealed the isolates to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics.19921398863
cefclidin (e1040), a novel cephalosporin: lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing mutants in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model system.the bactericidal activity of cefclidin (e1040), a new cephalosporin, against a clinical strain of citrobacter freundii was compared with that of ceftazidime in a two-compartment in vitro pharmacokinetic model system designed to simulate plasma concentrations in humans for 12 hours after intravenous administration of a 1 g dose. both cefclidin and ceftazidime showed rapid bactericidal activity against c. freundii. however, during the simulation of ceftazidime treatment, regrowth was observed afte ...19921399855
specific detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using polymerase chain reaction.development of a routine detection assay for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in clinical specimens was undertaken by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an oligonucleotide primer pair from a conserved 5' region of the flaa gene of c. coli vc167 was used to amplify a 450-bp region by pcr. the primer pair specifically detected 4 strains of c. coli and 47 strains of c. jejuni; but it did not detect strains of campylobacter fetus, campylobacter lari, campylobacter upsaliensis, cam ...19921400961
novobiocin, brilliant green, glycerol, lactose agar: a new medium for the isolation of salmonella strains.we describe a medium, novobiocin, brilliant green, glycerol, lactose (nbgl) agar, for the routine isolation of salmonella strains from stool samples. the nbgl agar principle involved the use of the antisaprophytic effect of brilliant green and novobiocin. glycerol and lactose were added in order to distinguish between citrobacter and salmonella. nbgl was used in parallel with salmonella-shigella (ss) and hektoen (h) agar for culturing 2,853 stool samples, of which 184 were confirmed to be salmon ...19921410796
in vitro activity and susceptibility to hydrolysis of s-1006.the in vitro activity of s-1006, the active component of a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, s-1108, inhibited 90% of staphylococcus aureus isolates at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of group a, b, c, f, and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml, and all haemophilus influenzae isolates at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. although 50% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal ...19921416835
in vitro activity of mc-352, a new 16-membered macrolide.the in vitro activity of mc-352, 3,4'-dideoxy-5-o-mycaminosyltylonolide, was compared with those of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (mic for 90% of isolates) for erythromycin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis was less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, similar to those of the other agents. the mc-352 mic50 for erythromycin-resistant s. aureus was 2 micrograms/ml, similar to that of rokitamycin. the mc-352 mic90 (0.12 micrograms/ml) for ...19921416853
antibacterial activity of ru44790, a new n-tetrazolyl monocyclic beta-lactam.ru44790 belongs to a new class of synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics which feature a bioisosteric tetrazole moiety instead of the more classical acidic functions at the n-1 position of the beta-lactam ring. its antibacterial activity was evaluated against some 900 strains and was compared with those of other recent beta-lactam derivatives, especially aztreonam. ru44790 is endowed with potent activity against gram-negative bacteria. at less than or equal to 0.6 micrograms/ml, ru44790 in ...19921416860
cloning and expression of the erwinia herbicola tyrosine phenol-lyase gene in escherichia coli.the tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) gene of erwinia herbicola was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene determined. the tpl gene comprises 1368 bp, encoding 456 amino acids which have 90% amino acid identity with tpl from citrobacter freundii. after replacing the 5'-flanking region of the tpl gene with the e. coli lac promoter, tpl protein could be hyperproduced constitutively in e. coli without induction by l-tyrosine.19921418690
[antimicrobial activities of major oral antibacterial agents against clinically isolated microbial strains from inpatients].antimicrobial activities were examined for major antibacterial agents against clinically isolated microbial strains which were isolated and identified from materials collected from inpatients with various infections in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. among strains isolated each year, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) were found frequently. 2. ceps-resistant escherichia coli strains were observed among strains isolated each year. 3. increasing ...19921433903
[antibacterial activities of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates].to investigate antibacterial activities of sisomicin (siso), mics of siso as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many clinical isolates which were obtained in 1991. results are summarized below: 1. no siso-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis and morganella morganii. 2. in comparison with the results of our previous study against isolat ...19921433905
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). i. susceptibility distribution].isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents were investigated on 801 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 9 hospitals during the period of june to november 1988. of the above total bacterial population, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.3% and a majority of them were enterococcus spp. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.7% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis: vancomycin was most active ...19921433906
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). iii. secular changes in susceptibility].sensitivities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 9 hospitals during june to november 1988 were compared with those in the same period of previous year according to a classification, uncomplicated utis, complicated utis without indwelling catheter, and complicated utis with indw ...19921433908
analysis of polar lipids from some representative enterobacteria, plesiomonas and acinetobacter by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry.fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (fab-ms) was used to analyse lipid extracts of bacteria to assess its usefulness for analysing anionic phospholipids of potential chemotaxonomic value. the following micro-organisms were tested: acinetobacter calcoaceticus, acinetobacter sp., citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae (2 strains), escherichia coli (3 strains), hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, plesiomonas shigelloides, proteus mirabilis (3 strain ...19921447059
evaluation of the autoscan-w/a rapid system for identification and susceptibility testing of gram-negative fermentative bacilli.the autoscan-walk-away (w/a) system for identification and susceptibility testing was evaluated for 400 gram-negative fermentative bacteria by using the api 20e (366 isolates) and/or tube biochemical tests as the reference identification system and a frozen microdilution mic tray system for susceptibility testing. the w/a system performed well for identification of this group of organisms representing 14 genera and 30 species, showing a sensitivity of 96% and results available in 2 h. of the 16 ...19921452661
analysis of relationships among isolates of citrobacter diversus by using dna fingerprints generated by repetitive sequence-based primers in the polymerase chain reaction.oligonucleotide probes which match consensus sequences of the repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) element hybridize to genomic dna of diverse bacterial species. primers based on the rep sequence generate complex band patterns with genomic dna in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a technique named rep-pcr. we used rep-pcr with genomic dna to fingerprint 47 isolates of citrobacter diversus. previously, 37 were assigned electrophoretic types (ets) by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and 35 ...19921452663
[an increase in the immunogenicity of bacterial antigens under the influence of one of the derivatives of muramyl dipeptide].as revealed in animal experiments, glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (gmdp), the synthetic analog of muramyl dipeptide, when introduced intraperitoneally in a single injection or orally, exhibits adjuvant activity with respect to citrobacter 0-antigens, shigella flexneri and enhances the protective properties of dysentery and pertussis vaccines. the stimulating properties of gmdp depend on its dose, the route of its administration, the time elapsed after its administration, its ratio to the concomit ...19921455969
evaluation of progesterone treatment to create a model for equine endometritis.to investigate a model for equine endometritis, 12 mares with normal reproductive tracts were divided into 2 groups. all mares received progesterone in oil, 250 mg im, daily. at 5 days after initiation of progesterone administration, the uteri were inoculated with 10(6) colony forming units of pseudomonas aeruginosa. the day of inoculation was designated day 0. on day 6, endometrial swab samples yielded p. aeruginosa in 5 mares; samples from the other 7 mares yielded heavy growth of escherichia ...19921459059
antifungal anthracycline antibiotics, spartanamicins a and b from micromonospora spp.spartanamicins a and b, two antifungal antibiotics, were produced by a culture of micromonospora spp. strain no. msu-43097 (atcc 53803), isolated from a potted soil containing asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) plants. the antibiotics were isolated from the mycelial cake using organic solvents. the structures of spartanamicins a and b were determined by spectral and chemical means. spartanamicin b is more active as an antifungal compound than it's analogue, a. the minimum inhibitory concentrat ...19921468980
[can the reactions of lysine oxidative deamination be used for the biochemical differentiation between salmonella sp. and citrobacter freundii?]. 19921472785
beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of meropenem combined with a potent antibacterial activity.the affinity of meropenem for various known types of beta-lactamases and its stability to them were tested in comparison with other beta-lactams, including imipenem. meropenem exhibited a marked stability to all beta-lactamases tested and was only hydrolyzed by xanthomonas maltophilia beta-lactamase, as were other beta-lactams. this was responsible for the potent antibacterial activities of meropenem against beta-lactamase-producing strains. meropenem and imipenem had almost the same, relatively ...19921473360
growth temperature-dependent activity of glycerol dehydratase in escherichia coli expressing the citrobacter freundii dha regulon.using the cosmid pwe15, a genomic library of citrobacter freundii dna in escherichia coli ecl707 was prepared and screened for glycerol utilization. six out of approximately 3000 clones were positive. one clone, harboring the recombinant cosmid prd1, expressed glycerol dehydratase in high activity when grown at 28 degrees c but not at 37 degrees c. the growth temperature had little effect on the activity of the other enzymes encoded by the dha regulon. when the glycerol-containing medium was sup ...19921478463
[effect of meropenem on fecal flora in children].meropenem (mepm, sm-7338), a novel parenteral carbapenem antibiotic, was examined for its effect on intestinal flora in children. seven children with infectious diseases (3 male and 4 female children of age's ranging from 4 months to 8 years and 9 months weighing from 7.3 to 23.0 kg) were treated with mepm at doses ranging 10.3 to 40.5 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day for 6 to 12 days. before, during and after the treatment, identities and numbers of various bacteria contained in 1 g of feces were deter ...19921479688
survey of the prevalence of beta-lactamases amongst 1000 gram-negative bacilli isolated consecutively at the royal london hospital.beta-lactamase expression was examined in 1000 consecutive gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine, wound swab, sputum or blood specimens received at the microbiology laboratory of the royal london hospital. this survey, performed between january and april, 1991, followed a similar study undertaken in early 1982. the distribution of species was similar in the two surveys, except that the proportion of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had increased from 11% in 1982 to 17.5% in the present study. ...19921490917
[synergistic action of cefodizime with other antimicrobial agents on clinically isolated microorganisms. ii. synergistic action with sisomicin].cefodizime (cdzm) possesses a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a relatively long half life in the blood. in addition, it shows excellent therapeutic efficacies in the treatment of infections in leukopenic animal models, hence it is expected that cdzm may have good efficacies against various infections in immunocompromised hosts. in the meantime, sisomicin (siso) not only has strong antibacterial activities against gram-negative rods (gnr), but has relatively low nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. t ...19921495193
[detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases by the rapid atb e technique. value of the api v2.1.1 expert system].twenty-two extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing strains of enterobacteriaceae recovered in the authors' hospital were tested using the rapid atb e coupled with the api v2.1.1. expert system. the expert system detected 90.9% of esbl-producing strains. two strains producing a shv2 and a ctx1, respectively, escaped detection by the expert system despite concomitant resistance to aminoglycosides.19921495843
[spondylitis due to citrobacter diversus. case report and review of citrobacter diversus infections].citrobacter diversus (c.d.) is an unusual human pathogen. its pathogenic potency is small or nil, and in most cases it is isolated in combination with other organisms. most isolates are of indeterminate clinical significance. occasionally c.d. may cause opportunistic infections, especially in subjects with primary or secondary conditions of poor host defense, immunosuppressed patients or neonates. we report a case of c.d. vertebral osteomyelitis following c.d. pneumonia. the osteomyelitis was cu ...19921496345
uranium bioaccumulation by a citrobacter sp. as a result of enzymically mediated growth of polycrystalline huo2po4.a citrobacter sp. accumulates heavy deposits of metal phosphate, derived from an enzymically liberated phosphate ligand. the cells are not subject to saturation constraints and can accumulate several times their own weight of precipitated metal. this high capacity is attributable to biomineralization; uranyl phosphate accumulates as polycrystalline huo2po4 at the cell surface. the precipitated metal is indistinguishable from crystalline huo2po4.4h2o grown by chemical methods.19921496397
the effect of amino acid substitution at position 219 of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase on extension of its substrate spectrum.the cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 is a class-c beta-lactamase comprising 361 amino acids. the substitution of the glutamic acid at position 219 in the enzyme by lysine was previously shown to broaden its substrate specificity to unfavorable substrates such as oxyimino cephalosporins [tsukamoto, k., ohno, r. & sawai, t. (1990) j. bacteriol. 172, 4348-4351]. to investigate the cause of this phenomenon, glu219 was changed to glutamine, cysteine or tryptophan. all the resultant enzy ...19921499556
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