Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| novel preharvest strategies involving the use of experimental chlorate preparations and nitro-based compounds to prevent colonization of food-producing animals by foodborne pathogens. | foodborne diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, salmonella, and campylobacter species are of public health and economic significance. shedding of these pathogens during production and slaughter are risks for contamination of products for human consumption. consequently, strategies are sought to prevent or reduce the carriage of these pathogens in food animals before slaughter. experimental products containing chlorate salts have been proven efficacious in reducing concentrations ... | 2005 | 15844824 |
| antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments after infection with classical swine fever virus. | antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments, after classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection, were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). selection of various e(rns) fragments was based on an immunodominant erns region encompassing three overlapping antigenic regions, amino acids 65 to 145 (erns(aa)65-145) (ar1), 84 to 160 (erns(aa)84-160) (ar2), and 109 to 220 (erns(aa)109-220) (ar3), identified earlier by our group (m. lin, e. trottier, j. pasick, and m. sab ... | 2005 | 15643004 |
| antimicrobial activity of five essential oils against origin strains of the enterobacteriaceae family. | an in vitro assay measuring the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of coridothymus capitatus (spanish origanum), satureja montana, thymus mastichina (spanish origanum majorana), thymus zygis (spanish variety of thymus vulgaris) and origanum vulgare has been carried out against poultry origin strains of escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella essen, and pig origin strains of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium. using the broth m ... | 2005 | 15676008 |
| cholera toxin improves the f4(k88)-specific immune response following oral immunization of pigs with recombinant faeg. | oral immunization of both humans and animals with non-replicating soluble antigens often results in the induction of oral tolerance. however, receptor-dependent uptake of orally administered soluble antigens can lead to the induction of an antigen-specific immune response. indeed, oral immunization of pigs with recombinant faeg (rfaeg), the adhesin of the f4(k88) fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), induces an f4-specific humoral and cellular immune response. this response is acc ... | 2005 | 15626459 |
| attaching-effacing bacteria in animals. | enteric bacteria with a demonstrable or potential ability to form attaching-effacing lesions, so-called attaching-effacing (ae) bacteria, have been found in the intestinal tracts of a wide variety of warm-blooded animal species, including man. in some host species, for example cattle, pigs, rabbits and human beings, attaching-effacing escherichia coli (aeec) have an established role as enteropathogens. in other host species, ae bacteria are of less certain significance. with continuing advances ... | 2005 | 15629476 |
| conformation and activity of delta-lysin and its analogs. | delta-lysin is a 26-residue hemolytic peptide secreted by staphylococcus aureus. unlike the bee venom peptide melittin, delta-lysin does not exhibit antibacterial activity. we have synthesized delta-lysin and several analogs wherein the n-terminal residues of the toxin were sequentially deleted. the toxin has three aspartic acids, four lysines and no prolines. analogs were also generated in which all the aspartic acids were replaced with lysines. a proline residue was introduced in the native se ... | 2005 | 15629533 |
| characterization of the type i secretion system of the rtx toxin apxii in "actinobacillus porcitonsillarum". | strains of actinobacillus porcitonsillarum are regularly isolated from the tonsils of healthy pigs. a. porcitonsillarum is non pathogenic but phenotypically it strongly resembles the pathogenic species actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, thereby interfering with the diagnosis of the latter. a. porcitonsillarum is hemolytic but unlike a. pleuropneumoniae, it contains only apxii genes and not apxi or apxiii genes. in contrast to the truncated apxii operon of a. pleuropneumoniae, which lacks the type ... | 2005 | 15863281 |
| characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environments. | this study reports the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 144 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains isolated from urban sewage and animal wastewaters using a shiga toxin 2 gene variant (stx(2))-specific dna colony hybridization method. all the strains were classified as e. coli and belonged to 34 different serotypes, some of which had not been previously reported to carry the stx(2) genes (o8:h31, o89:h19, o166:h21 and o181:h20). five stx(2) subtypes (stx(2), stx(2c), s ... | 2005 | 15869962 |
| construction of a novel shigella live-vector strain co-expressing cs3 and ltb/stm of enterotoxigenic e.coli. | to construct and evaluate a polyvalent recombinant vaccine strain shigella flexneri 2a t32 against enterotoxigenic e.coli (etec). | 2005 | 15948247 |
| escherichia coli o157 prevalence in dutch poultry, pig finishing and veal herds and risk factors in dutch veal herds. | in the period october 1996 through december 2000, a total of 7163 pooled faecal samples of laying hen and broiler flocks, finishing-pig herds and veal herds were examined for the presence of salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 as part of a national monitoring programme in the netherlands. isolates were tested for eae and vt genes. risk factors for dutch veal herds were quantified. for all herd/flock types, faecal samples were cultured for e. coli ... | 2005 | 15951037 |
| declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm. | to measure the decline rates of zoonotic agents introduced into liquid livestock wastes in on-farm storage tanks. | 2005 | 15960665 |
| using national microbiological data to set meaningful performance criteria for slaughter and dressing of animals at australian export abattoirs. | slaughter establishments in australia that export meat to the usa are required by the controlling authority, the australian quarantine and inspection service (aqis), to test carcases under the escherichia coli and salmonella monitoring (esam) program and to use statistical process control techniques to ensure meat is produced hygienically. however, analysing the esam database for e. coli using standard statistical techniques proved difficult because of inter-plant variability and because the vas ... | 2005 | 15964649 |
| in vitro expression, monoclonal antibody and bioactivity for capsid protein of porcine circovirus type ii without nuclear localization signal. | we expressed firstly the capsid protein gene defecting the nuclear localization signal (nls) of porcine circovirus type ii (pcv2) in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (rgst-dcap protein). the purified rgst-dcap protein and the recombinant nls-defected cap protein of pcv2 (rdcap protein) from the purified rgst-dcap protein reacted specifically with swine antiserum to pcv2. furthermore, the obtained monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to rdcap protein were shown to bind ... | 2005 | 15964652 |
| flexibility of prolyl oligopeptidase: molecular dynamics and molecular framework analysis of the potential substrate pathways. | the flexibility of prolyl oligopeptidase has been investigated using molecular dynamics (md) and molecular framework approaches to delineate the route of the substrate to the active site. the selectivity of the enzyme is mediated by a seven-bladed beta-propeller that in the crystal structure does not indicate the possible passage for the substrate to the catalytic center. its open topology however, could allow the blades to move apart and let the substrate into the large central cavity. flexibil ... | 2005 | 15971204 |
| inhibition of bacterial adherence on the surface of stents and bacterial growth in bile by bismuth dimercaprol. | bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents is believed to be one of the main factors in stent occlusion. this study explored the role of the new reagent, bismuth dimercaprol, in preventing bacterial adherence and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of biliary stents. sterile porcine bile preparations, infected separately with escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, and enterococcus, were used as the perfusion media in an in vitro perfusion sy ... | 2005 | 15986852 |
| a novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo. | prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that encourage proliferation of selected groups of the colonic microflora, thereby altering the composition toward a more beneficial community. in the present study, the prebiotic potential of a novel galactooligosaccharide (gos) mixture, produced by the activity of galactosyltransferases from bifidobacterium bifidum 41171 on lactose, was assessed in vitro and in a parallel continuous randomized pig trial. in situ fluorescent hybridization with 16s r ... | 2005 | 15987856 |
| de novo rna synthesis and homology modeling of the classical swine fever virus rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) non-structural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), a key enzyme which initiates rna replication by a de novo mechanism without a primer and is a potential target for anti-virus therapy. we expressed the ns5b protein in escherichia coli. the rgtp can stimulate de novo initiation of rna synthesis and mutation of the gdd motif to gly-asp-asp (gaa) abolishes the rna synthesis. to better understand the mechanism of viral rna synthesis i ... | 2005 | 16022897 |
| decline of zoonotic agents in livestock waste and bedding heaps. | to measure the rates of decline of zoonotic agents introduced into heaps of spent bedding and faecal wastes generated by commercially farmed livestock and managed in a similar way to that of a working farm. | 2005 | 16033467 |
| impact of dried skim milk in production diets on lactobacillus and pathogenic bacterial shedding in growing-finishing swine. | to determine the possible effects of inclusion of dried skim milk (dsm) in swine diets on indigenous lactobacillus spp. and escherichia coli, and its potential for controlling pathogen shedding and affect animal growth in growing-finishing swine. | 2005 | 16033472 |
| assessment of the fitness impacts on escherichia coli of acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes encoded by different types of genetic element. | little is known of the fitness cost that antibiotic resistance exerts on wild-type bacteria, especially in their natural environments. we therefore examined the fitness costs that several antibiotic resistance elements imposed on a wild-type escherichia coli isolate, both in the laboratory and in a pig gut colonization model. | 2005 | 16040624 |
| characterization of two major groups of diarrheagenic escherichia coli o26 strains which are globally spread in human patients and domestic animals of different species. | twenty-three escherichia coli o26 strains from humans, cattle, sheep, pigs and chicken were investigated for virulence markers and for genetic similarity by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multi locus sequence typing. two groups of genetically closely related o26 strains were defined. one group is formed by enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) e. coli strains, which do not ferment rhamnose and dulcitol and most of these carry a plasmid encoding enterohemolysin. the other gro ... | 2005 | 16046083 |
| microbial quality of runoff following land application of cattle manure and swine slurry. | concentrations of human health-related microorganisms in runoff from agricultural plots (0.75 m x 2 m) treated with fresh and aged cattle manure, swine slurry and no manure (control) were determined. three consecutive simulated rainfall events, producing 35 mm rainfall and separated by 24 h, were carried out for each plot. fecal indicator (escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens and coliphage) loads released in rainfall runoff from plots treated with fresh cattle manure, aged catt ... | 2005 | 16075941 |
| effects of nitric oxide in 5-hydroxytryptamine-, cholera toxin-, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli- and salmonella typhimurium-induced secretion in the porcine small intestine. | the effects of nitric oxide (no) in the secretory response to the endogenous secretagogue 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), the enterotoxins heat-labile enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) toxin (lt) and cholera toxin (ct), and various cultures of etec and salmonella serotype typhimurium in the porcine small intestine (sus scrofa) were investigated. in anaesthetized pigs, jejunal tied-off loops were instilled with 5-ht, lt, ct, various cultures of etec or s. typhimurium. pigs were given intravenou ... | 2005 | 16098780 |
| host immune status influences the development of attaching and effacing lesions in weaned pigs. | attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec) has been associated with naturally occurring attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions in weaned pigs, and although a/e lesions have been experimentally reproduced in newborn piglets, such lesions have been much more difficult to induce in older conventional pigs. hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of oral administration of dexamethasone on the development of a/e lesions in weaned pigs challenged with a porcine enteropathogenic e. col ... | 2005 | 16113267 |
| interaction of enteropathogenic and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and porcine intestinal mucosa: role of intimin and tir in adherence. | the ileal in vitro organ culture (ivoc) model using tissues originating from colostrum-deprived newborn piglets has proven to be an effective way to study the attaching and effacing (a/e) phenotype of porcine enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) ex vivo. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of intimin subtype and tir in the adherence of epec and shiga-toxin-producing e. coli (stec), isolated from different animal species, to porcine intestinal ivoc. moreover, the role of intimin ... | 2005 | 16113321 |
| identification of putative adhesin genes in shigatoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from different sources. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is an important pathogen responsible for severe human intestinal and systemic infections. the bacterial factors required for colonization of the hosts are still not well defined. in this study, the prevalence of seven putative adhesive genes that are not encoded in the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) in 74 stec strains isolated from humans (n=39), food (n=6), cattle (n=11), and pigs (n=18) was investigated by pcr. in addition, shiga toxin (stx) ... | 2005 | 16125342 |
| virulence characteristics of escherichia coli isolates obtained from broiler breeders with salpingitis. | thirty isolates of escherichia coli from broiler breeders with salpingitis were studied. using the slide agglutination test, the isolates were found to belong to serogroups o1, o2, o5, o36, o45, o53 and o78. pathogenicity for day-old chicks was determined by air sac inoculation and isolates were categorized as having high, intermediate or low virulence. growth on iron starvation medium was observed together with aerobactin production. based on the results of in vitro adherence tests, attachment ... | 2005 | 15563950 |
| comparison of faecal and optimal growth conditions on in vitro pharmacodynamic activity of marbofloxacin against escherichia coli. | the objective of the study was to compare the in vitro activity of marbofloxacin against escherichia coli (e. coli) strains with differing marbofloxacin susceptibility levels under optimal growth conditions and under condition mimicking faecal environment in time-kill kinetic studies. under optimal growth conditions, marbofloxacin exerted a bactericidal concentration-dependent activity against all e. coli strains with bactericidal concentrations equal to 1 or 4 times mic. under faecal growth con ... | 2006 | 16126240 |
| characterization of a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line for in vitro studies of microbial pathogenesis in swine. | in vitro studies on the pathogenesis in swine have been hampered by the lack of relevant porcine cell lines. since many bacterial infections are swine-specific, studies on pathogenic mechanisms require appropriate cell lines of porcine origin. we have characterized the permanent porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, ipec-j2, using a variety of methods in order to assess the usefulness of this cell line as an in vitro infection model. electron microscopic analyses and histochemical staining re ... | 2006 | 16215741 |
| detection of sul1, sul2 and sul3 in sulphonamide resistant escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy humans, pork and pigs in denmark. | the occurrence of sulphonamide resistance was investigated in 998 escherichia coli isolates, obtained from pig faeces collected at slaughter, danish pork collected at retail outlets and from faeces from healthy persons in denmark. in total 18% (n=35), 20% (n=38) and 26% (n=161) of the e. coli isolates obtained from humans, pork and pigs, respectively, were resistant to sulphonamide. all sulphonamide resistant e. coli isolates were investigated for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3 and inti1 genes ... | 2006 | 16216373 |
| f4 (k88) fimbrial adhesin faeg expressed in alfalfa reduces f4+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli excretion in weaned piglets. | transgenic plants are attractive bioreactors to large-scale production of recombinant proteins because of their relatively low cost. this study reports for the first time the use of transgenic plants to reduce enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) excretion in its natural host species. the dna sequence encoding the major subunit and adhesin faeg of f4+ etec was transformed into edible alfalfa plants. targeting of faeg production to chloroplasts led to faeg levels of up to 1% of the total solub ... | 2006 | 16378664 |
| pathotypes and serogroups of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from pre-weaning pigs in north vietnam. | the contribution of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) to pre-weaning diarrhoea was investigated over a 6 month period at five selected commercial piggeries (cps) in north vietnam with at least 100 sows each. diarrhoea was found to affect 71.5% of the litters born during the period of study. of 406 faecal specimens submitted for bacteriological culture, 200 (49.3%) yielded a heavy pure culture of e. coli and 126 (31%) were confirmed by pcr to carry at least one of eight porcine etec virulen ... | 2006 | 16388036 |
| geographical variation in antibiotic resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolated from swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle farm water retention ponds in florida. | the aim of this study was to assess geographical variation in multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) profiles of livestock escherichia coli as well as to evaluate the ability of mar profiles to differentiate sources of faecal pollution. | 2006 | 16405684 |
| role of coresistance in the development of resistance to chloramphenicol in escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs. | to determine the cause of persistent resistance to chloramphenicol (cp) after the ban on its use in food-producing animals in several countries. | 2006 | 16454626 |
| iodotyrosine deiodinase is the first mammalian member of the nadh oxidase/flavin reductase superfamily. | the enzyme responsible for iodide salvage in the thyroid, iodotyrosine deiodinase, was solubilized from porcine thyroid microsomes by limited proteolysis with trypsin. the resulting protein retained deiodinase activity and was purified using anion exchange, dye, and hydrophobic chromatography successively. peptide sequencing of the final isolate identified the gene responsible for the deiodinase. the amino acid sequence of the porcine enzyme is highly homologous to corresponding genes in a varie ... | 2006 | 16316988 |
| identification by mass spectroscopy of f4ac-fimbrial-binding proteins in porcine milk and characterization of lactadherin as an inhibitor of f4ac-positive escherichia coli attachment to intestinal villi in vitro. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) must attach to the intestinal surface to cause diarrhea. milk and colostrum play an important role in protecting suckling piglets against etec through their constituent antibodies as well as non-immunoglobulin factors. we used affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify lactadherin, beta-casein, whey acidic protein, lipoprotein lipase, and several structural cellular proteins as non-immunoglobulin f4ac fimbriae-binding p ... | 2006 | 16321438 |
| differential effects of clathrin and actin inhibitors on internalization of escherichia coli and salmonella choleraesuis in porcine jejunal peyer's patches. | peyer's patches constitute both an inductive immune site and an enteropathogen invasion route. peyer's patch mucosae from porcine jejunum were mounted in ussing chambers, and either salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain sc-54 or non-pathogenic rodent and porcine escherichia coli strains contacted the peyer's patch mucosa for 90 min. internalized bacteria were quantified by a gentamicin resistance assay. monodansylcadaverine (300 microm, luminal addition), an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endoc ... | 2006 | 16326046 |
| expression of synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fused with synthetic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in tobacco plants. | the pentameric b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) can be used as an efficient mucosal carrier of either immunogenic or tolerogenic t-cell epitopes. co-delivery of therapeutic proteins with carrier proteins could increase the effectiveness of the antigen. this paper reports the ability of transgenic tobacco plants to express a fusion protein consisting of the synthetic ltb and a synthetic neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), causing an enteric d ... | 2006 | 16174563 |
| comparison of the compact dry ec with the most probable number method (aoac official method 966.24) for enumeration of escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in raw meats. performance-tested method 110402. | compact dry e. coli/coliform count (ec) is a ready-to-use test method for the enumeration of escherichia coli and coliform bacteria in food. the plates are presterilized and contain culture medium and a cold water-soluble gelling agent. the medium should be rehydrated with 1 ml diluted sample inoculated onto the center of the self-diffusible medium, allowing the solution to diffuse by capillary action. the plate can be incubated at 35 degrees c for 20-24 h and the colonies counted without any fu ... | 2006 | 16512235 |
| high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose reduces carbachol-stimulated intestinal chloride secretion in weaned piglets fed a diet based on skimmed milk powder and maltodextrin. | high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) promotes gastrointestinal disorders, tissue alterations and bacterial overgrowth in pigs. the impact of cmc on intestinal absorptive and secretory physiology is not known. we hypothesised that cmc consumption alters intestinal na-dependent glucose absorption and stimulates electrogenic chloride secretion. for testing this hypothesis, twenty-four piglets were weaned at 21 d of age and pair-fed for 13 d a starter diet based on skimmed milk powder and mal ... | 2006 | 16512934 |
| the influence of intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion on serum ca, p, vitamin d, cytokines and cortisol concentrations in lactating sows. | ten multiparous lactating sows were used to investigate whether intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharides (lps; escherichia coli 0111:b4; 2.0 microg/kg of body weight) would affect the circulating concentrations of ca, p, 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25-ohd), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-6 (il-6) and cortisol. the sows were randomly allotted to either control group (control) or lps-treated group with five individuals per group and were infused with either physiological saline ... | 2006 | 16533325 |
| major role for feob in campylobacter jejuni ferrous iron acquisition, gut colonization, and intracellular survival. | to assess the importance of ferrous iron acquisition in campylobacter physiology and pathogenesis, we disrupted and characterized the fe2+ iron transporter, feob, in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168, 81-176, and atcc 43431. the feob mutant was significantly affected in its ability to transport 55fe2+. it accumulated half the amount of iron than the wild-type strain during growth in an iron-containing medium. the intracellular iron of the feob mutant was localized in the periplasmic space versus t ... | 2006 | 16988218 |
| detection of human-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters by use of a pcr-based human polyomavirus assay. | regulatory agencies mandate the use of fecal coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococcus spp., as microbial indicators of recreational water quality. these indicators of fecal pollution do not identify the specific sources of pollution and at times underestimate health risks associated with recreational water use. this study proposes the use of human polyomaviruses (hpyvs), which are widespread among human populations, as indicators of human fecal pollution. a method was developed to concentrate ... | 2006 | 16997988 |
| correlation of near-infrared spectroscopy with perfusion parameters at the hepatic and systemic levels in an endotoxemic shock model. | to determine the correlation of near-infrared spectrophotometry (nirs) readings from the liver surface with invasive measurements of blood flow and tissue perfusion parameters in an animal model of endotoxemic shock. | 2006 | 17006393 |
| virulence factor gene profiles of escherichia coli isolates from clinically healthy pigs. | nonpathogenic, intestinal escherichia coli (commensal e. coli) supports the physiological intestinal balance of the host, whereas pathogenic e. coli with typical virulence factor gene profiles can cause severe outbreaks of diarrhea. in many reports, e. coli isolates from diarrheic animals were classified as putative pathogens. here we describe a broad variety of virulence gene-positive e. coli isolates from swine with no clinical signs of intestinal disease. the isolation of e. coli from 34 pigs ... | 2006 | 17021219 |
| ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases in clinical escherichia coli isolates recovered from food-producing animals in france. | clinical escherichia coli strains with resistance or variable susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins were detected in cattle, swine and poultry in france. these strains were shown to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), with ctx-m-1- and ctx-m-15-type beta-lactamases being responsible for this phenotype. the bla(ctx-m-1) gene was encountered most commonly and was characterised in seven e. coli strains isolated from cattle, swine and poultry, whereas bla(ctx-m-15) was ide ... | 2006 | 17027237 |
| hlya knock out yields a safer escherichia coli a0 34/86 variant with unaffected colonization capacity in piglets. | escherichia coli a0 34/86 (o83:k24:h31) has been successfully used for prophylactic and therapeutic intestinal colonization of premature and newborn infants, with the aim of preventing nosocomial infections. although e. coli a0 34/86 was described as a nonpathogenic commensal, partial sequencing revealed that its genome harbours gene clusters highly homologous to virulence determinants of different types of e. coli, including closely linked genes of the alpha-haemolysin operon (hlycabd) and for ... | 2006 | 17064280 |
| characterization of macrolide-resistant campylobacter coli isolates from food-producing animals on farms across japan during 2004. | we investigated the susceptibilities against 7 antimicrobial agents in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from food-producing animals in 2004. in comparison with the results of past surveillance, no significant difference was observed in resistance rates against all of the antimicrobials tested in campylobacter isolates. however, slight increase of erythromycin (em) resistance was found in c. coli isolates from pigs. we examined the mutation of the 23s rrna gene and their susceptibilities ... | 2006 | 17085893 |
| [combined expression of tso45w-4bx from taenia solium and porcine cd58 in escherichia coli]. | to express the tso45w-4bx of taenia solium in combination with cd58 as a molecular adjuvant for improving the protective efficacy of the tso45w-4bx recombinant vaccine. | 2006 | 17094600 |
| detection and distribution of probiotic escherichia coli nissle 1917 clones in swine herds in germany. | to verify the presence of escherichia coli nissle 1917 as a natural isolate in swine and to characterize in vitro probiotic properties as well as in vivo persistence in a feeding experiment. | 2006 | 17105567 |
| correlation of transcutaneous hepatic near-infrared spectroscopy readings with liver surface readings and perfusion parameters in a piglet endotoxemic shock model. | to determine whether transcutaneous liver near-infrared spectrophotometry (nirs) measurements correlate with nirs measurements taken directly from the liver surface, and invasive blood flow measurements. | 2006 | 17105594 |
| gunshot-related transport of micro-organisms from the skin of the entrance region into the bullet path. | the skin defect of a gunshot entrance wound is caused by the retrograde and anterograde displacement of skin particles. in the present study, we investigated whether gunshots to bacterially contaminated skin are associated with the transport of micro-organisms into the bullet path. the shots were fired into composite models of pig skin and gelatin blocks. the outer surface of the skin was covered with a thin layer of a defined bacterial suspension [green fluorescent protein-labelled escherichia ... | 2006 | 16604364 |
| preventive effects of the probiotic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 on acute secretory diarrhea in a pig model of intestinal infection. | pretreatment with the probiotic escherichia colistrain nissle 1917 (ecn) was assessed in a pig model of intestinal infection to prevent acute secretory diarrhea. in the model 10(10) colony forming units of the porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli abbotstown (eca) was given via orogastric tube to weaned piglets at day 21 postpartum (-ecn/+eca group, n = 7). forty-eight hours after challenge electrophysiological parameters of isolated intact jejunal epithelia were characterized in ussing chamb ... | 2006 | 16614995 |
| a serpin from the gut bacterium bifidobacterium longum inhibits eukaryotic elastase-like serine proteases. | serpins form a large class of protease inhibitors involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of physiological processes. recently identified prokaryotic members of this protein family may provide a key to the evolutionary origins of the unique serpin fold and the associated inhibitory mechanism. we performed a biochemical characterization of a serpin from bifidobacterium longum, an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that naturally colonizes human gastrointestinal tract. the b. longum serpin was sh ... | 2006 | 16627467 |
| dynamics of a pig slurry microbial community during anaerobic storage and management. | the microbial community of a pig slurry on a farm was monitored for 6 months using both molecular and cultural approaches. sampling was carried out at all the different stages of effluent handling, from the rearing build-up to slurry spreading. total dna of each sample was extracted and analyzed by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis using primers targeting the 16s rrna genes from the archaeal and bacterial domains and also the eubacterium-clostridium, bacillus-streptococ ... | 2006 | 16672505 |
| improved multiplex pcr method for the rapid detection of beta-lactamase genes in escherichia coli of animal origin. | we developed 2 variants, a and b, of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for detecting the beta-lactam resistance genes bla(tem), bla(shv), and bla(oxa) in 122 uropathogenic escherichia coli animal strains. method b yielded 98% specificity and 100% sensitivity, and method a yielded 100% and 89%, respectively. variant b was more accurate (99%) than a (94%). | 2006 | 16678992 |
| soybean atp sulfurylase, a homodimeric enzyme involved in sulfur assimilation, is abundantly expressed in roots and induced by cold treatment. | soybeans are a rich source of protein and a key feed ingredient in livestock production, but lack sufficient levels of cysteine and methionine to meet the nutritional demands of swine or poultry as feed components. although engineering the sulfur assimilatory pathway could lead to increased sulfur-containing amino acid content, little is known about this pathway in legumes. here, we describe the cloning and characterization of soybean atp sulfurylase (atps), which acts as the metabolic entry poi ... | 2006 | 16684499 |
| chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance among porcine escherichia coli in ontario. | the purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance genes across three populations of porcine escherichia coli. | 2006 | 16720568 |
| efficacy of an alcohol-based healthcare hand rub containing synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride. | healthcare workers are required to disinfect the hands several times a day using hand disinfectants, which leads to chronic hand exposure to high levels of antimicrobials contained in the disinfectants, which could compromise the skin integrity. this problem may be addressed by developing hand disinfectants containing synergistic combinations of small amounts of antimicrobials and other agents. the synergistic effect of farnesol and essential oils with several antimicrobials was studied in vitro ... | 2006 | 16750419 |
| development of bacteroides 16s rrna gene taqman-based real-time pcr assays for estimation of total, human, and bovine fecal pollution in water. | bacteroides species are promising indicators for differentiating livestock and human fecal contamination in water because of their high concentration in feces and potential host specificity. in this study, a real-time pcr assay was designed to target bacteroides species (allbac) present in human, cattle, and equine feces. direct pcr amplification (without dna extraction) using the allbac assay was tested on feces diluted in water. fecal concentrations and threshold cycle were linearly correlated ... | 2006 | 16751534 |
| cynomolgus monkey cytochrome p450 2c43: cdna cloning, heterologous expression, purification and characterization. | the cdna of cytochrome p450 (cyp) 2c43 was cloned from cynomolgus monkey liver by rt-pcr. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 93% and 91% identity to human cyp2c9 and cyp2c19, respectively. the cdna was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by a series of chromatography steps, yielding a specific content of 11.5 nmol p450/mg protein. the substrate specificity of the purified cyp2c43 was examined in a reconstitution system comprising nadph-p450 reductase, lipid, cytochrome b(5) and cyp2c ... | 2006 | 16751594 |
| post-natal development of the porcine microbiota composition and activities. | the current study describes the development of the porcine microbiota and its metabolic activities during the neonatal and weaning period. using 16s rrna-based approaches, we first analysed the ileal and colonic microbiota of neonatal piglets at days 2, 5 and 12 after birth. to further investigate the effect of weaning at 3 weeks of age, 19-day-old piglets (n = 64) were randomly allocated into two groups. half of the piglets remained with their sows throughout the study, while the remaining pigl ... | 2006 | 16817927 |
| design of immunogens that present the crown of the hiv-1 v3 loop in a conformation competent to generate 447-52d-like antibodies. | gp120 is a subunit of the envelope glycoprotein of hiv-1. the third variable loop region of gp120 (v3 loop) contains multiple immunodominant epitopes and is also functionally important for deciding cell-tropism of the virus. 447-52d is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the conserved tip of the v3 loop in a beta-turn conformation. this antibody has previously been shown to neutralize diverse strains of the virus. in an attempt to generate an immunogen competent to generate 447-52d-like antibo ... | 2006 | 16827663 |
| mouse stefins a1 and a2 (stfa1 and stfa2) differentiate between papain-like endo- and exopeptidases. | stefin a (stfa) acts as a competitive inhibitor of intracellular papain-like cysteine proteases which play important roles in normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and ovarian follicular growth and maturation. in the mouse there are at least three different variants of stfa (stfa1, stfa2 and stfa3). recent genetic studies identified structural polymorphisms in stfa1 and stfa2 as candidates for aod1b, a locus controlling susceptibility to day three thymect ... | 2006 | 16831429 |
| dietary probiotic supplementation and resulting effects on performance, health status, and microbial characteristics of primiparous sows. | in an experiment with 33 first-litter sows from day 90 of pregnancy to day 28 of lactation, the influence of a probiotic supplementation on weight performance, feed intake, litter sizes, litter weights, health status and microbiological profile was tested. enterococcus faecium dsm 7134 was supplemented in a concentration of 5 x 10(8) cfu/kg feed to the gestation and lactation diets of gilts. the supplemented sows showed a significant higher improvement of feed intake (4.16 vs. 3.71 kg/day), litt ... | 2006 | 16867076 |
| reconstruction of a swine sla-i protein complex and determination of binding nonameric peptides derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus. | no experimental system to date is available to identify viral t-cell epitopes in swine. in order to reconstruct the system for identification of short antigenic peptides, the swine sla-2 gene was linked to the beta(2)m gene via (g4s)3, a linker encoding a 15-amino acid glycine-rich sequence (g4s)3, using splicing overlap extension-pcr (soe-pcr). the maltose binding protein (mbp)-sla-2-(g4s)3-beta(2)m fusion protein was expressed and purified in a pmal-p2x/escherichia coli tb1 system. the purifie ... | 2006 | 16870265 |
| the ul4 gene of pseudorabies virus encodes a minor infected-cell protein that is dispensable for virus replication. | although homologues of the open reading frame (orf) ul4 of herpes simplex virus 1 (human herpesvirus 1) have been found in the genomes of all hitherto-analysed alphaherpesviruses, little is known about their function. in a project to analyse systematically, in an isogenic and standardized assay system, the gene products of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv; suid herpesvirus 1), the prv ul4 gene product was identified using a monospecific rabbit antiserum prepared against a bacterial f ... | 2006 | 16894189 |
| consumption of milk from transgenic goats expressing human lysozyme in the mammary gland results in the modulation of intestinal microflora. | lysozyme is a key antimicrobial component of human milk that has several health-promoting functions including the development of a healthy intestinal tract. however, levels of lysozyme in the milk of dairy animals are negligible. we have generated transgenic dairy goats that express human lysozyme (hlz) in their milk in an attempt to deliver the benefits of human milk in a continual fashion. to test the feasibility of this transgenic approach to achieve a biological impact at the level of the in ... | 2006 | 16906451 |
| frequency of enteropathogen detection in suckling and weaned pigs with diarrhea in japan. | fecal samples from suckling (n=153) and weaned (n=116) piglets with diarrhea in japan were examined for shedding of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens using culture, microscopic, and polymerase chain reaction methods. in suckling piglets, diarrhea was attributed to infection with a single etiologic agent in 60.8% of cases and with combinations of agents in 22.2%. in weaned piglets, diarrhea was attributed to a single etiologic agent in 43.1% and to combinations of agents in 47.4% of cases ... | 2006 | 16921873 |
| isolation and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli from precooked sausages (morcillas). | the aim of the study was to establish the microbiological quality of morcillas, typical argentine sausages, and to investigate the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). between october 2001 and october 2002, a total of 100 morcilla samples were analysed. several samples showed high levels of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts, molds and yeasts. the samples analysed contained enterobacteriaceae (100%) and fecal coliforms (81%), indicating inadequate application of the t ... | 2006 | 16943015 |
| oral immunization of mice with plant-derived fimbrial adhesin faeg induces systemic and mucosal k88ad enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-specific immune responses. | the importance of adhesins in pathogenicity has resulted in them being useful targets in the defense against bacterial infections. to produce edible vaccines against piglet diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), plants were genetically engineered to produce recombinant fimbrial adhesin faeg. to evaluate the efficacy of the edible vaccine faeg in mice, the soluble protein extracts were examined by about 15 microg recombinant faeg for each oral immunization dose per mouse. aft ... | 2006 | 16553813 |
| concurrent pathological and bacteriological findings in the urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows culled because of chronic vulvovaginal discharge and swine urogenital disease (sugd): a case study. | the urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows, culled because of excessive vulval discharge, milking problems, and urogenital infections (swine urogenital disease, sugd) in their history (n=1070 sows) were examined. the culled sows were assigned to three groups according to parity: parity 1 (n=356); 2-6 (n=354); and >6 (n=360). necropsy findings associated with these groups were analysed separately. bacteriological examination of vulval discharges was performed. escherichia coli and a large n ... | 2006 | 17052075 |
| survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets and on feeding systems as contributing risk factors in smallholdings in central vietnam. | a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of diarrhoea in pre-weaning piglets, and on management and feeding systems under farm conditions was carried out in thua thien hue province. faecal samples were collected from 63 piglets without, and 90 piglets with diarrhoea to determine the occurrence of salmonella, escherichia coli (e. coli) and different e. coli antigens (k88, k99 and 987p). the prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (33% vs 18%) and the result ... | 2006 | 17165611 |
| [cloning and characterization of the gene encoding impdh of streptococcus suis serotype 2]. | given the lack of effective vaccines to control streptococcus suis infection and the lack of a rapid and reliable molecular diagnostic assay to detect its infection, s. suis serotype 2 was sequenced partly in an effort to identify important virulence factors. two new open reading frames were found located between orf2 and mrp. one of new open reading frame (2738 - 3694) that encoded a polypeptide of 319 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 33.5kda was identified by western blo ... | 2006 | 17172018 |
| pretreatment with n-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester improved oxygenation after inhalation of nitric oxide in newborn piglets with escherichia coli pneumonia and sepsis. | we evaluated the effects of a combined therapy of pre-blockade endogenous nitric oxide synthase (nos) with n-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) and continuous inhaled no (ino) on the gas exchange and hemodynamics of escherichia coli pneumonia and sepsis in newborn piglets. seven to ten day old ventilated newborn piglets were randomized into 5 groups: control, e. coli pneumonia control, pneumonia with ino 10 ppm, pneumonia pre-treated with l-name 10 mg/kg, and pneumonia with the combined ther ... | 2006 | 17179670 |
| antimicrobial resistance in commensal escherichia coli isolated from muscle foods as related to the veterinary use of antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals in austria. | controversy exists on veterinary drug application in food animal production and the relevance for human health of antimicrobial resistant commensals isolated from food. the aim of this study was to analyze antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli isolated from retail meat of various animal species (including wild roe deer) in austria. our results were analyzed taking into consideration the current practices of austrian veterinarians with regard to their use of antibiotic drugs during pig, po ... | 2006 | 17227214 |
| characterization of fimbriae extracts from porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains carrying f6 (987p) antigen. | fimbrial extracts from porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains carrying f6 (987p) intestinal colonization factor antigen wereobtained using the thermal shock method. the extracts were analyzed by sdspage and immunoblotting using different fimbriae-specific antisera. two major protein bands with molecular masses of 17.5 and 21.9 kda were detected. the 21.9-kda band was identified as the major subunit of f6 fimbrial antigen in strains of serogroups o9 and o141. the 17.5-kda band wa ... | 2006 | 17236156 |
| relationship between o-antigen subtypes, bacterial surface structures and o-antigen gene clusters in escherichia coli o123 strains carrying genes for shiga toxins and intimin. | escherichia coli o123 strains express a broad spectrum of phenotypes, h serotypes and virulence markers and are able to colonize and to cause disease in different hosts including humans. in this study, two subtypes of e. coli o123 antigen (group i and group ii) have been identified based on their cross-reactions with other e. coli o antigens. investigation of the relationship between o123 group i and group ii strains by o serotyping and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of whole bacteria r ... | 2007 | 17244797 |
| mechanical ventilation and lung infection in the genesis of air-space enlargement. | air-space enlargement may result from mechanical ventilation and/or lung infection. the aim of this study was to assess how mechanical ventilation and lung infection influence the genesis of bronchiolar and alveolar distention. | 2007 | 17274806 |
| non-toxic pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a expressing the fmdv vp1 g-h loop for mucosal vaccination of swine against foot and mouth disease virus. | synthetic peptides derived from the g-h loop of the foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein vp1 are relatively poor at recapitulating the native conformation present in the virus, and thus are often poor immunogens. we hypothesized that a candidate mucosal vaccine against fmdv could be developed using the non-toxic pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a (ntpe) to deliver the g-h loop in its native conformation. an added benefit of this approach is the potential for ntpe to serve as an effe ... | 2007 | 17276557 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the vp8* sialic acid-binding domain of porcine rotavirus strain osu. | the rotavirus outer capsid spike protein vp4 is utilized in the process of rotavirus attachment to and membrane penetration of host cells. vp4 is cleaved by trypsin into two domains: vp8* and vp5*. the vp8* domain is implicated in initial interaction with sialic acid-containing cell-surface carbohydrates and triggers subsequent virus invasion. the vp8* domain from porcine osu rotavirus was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. different crystal forms (orthorhombic p2(1)2(1)2(1) and tetragona ... | 2007 | 17277447 |
| widespread distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in a confined animal feeding facility. | we sought to determine the distribution of resistance and the tetracycline resistance genes among bacteria isolated from a swine confined animal feeding facility where tetracycline-containing feed had been in use for over 20 years. samples collected from feed, hogs, hog houses, waste lagoon, soil, surface water and well water were screened for the presence of (a) resistant escherichia coli and enterococci and (b) tetracycline-resistant strains of all species. genomic dna was extracted from the l ... | 2007 | 17287111 |
| effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth and microbial shedding. | two 5-wk experiments were conducted to determine the effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth performance and microbial shedding. in exp. 1, 204 pigs (19.2 d of age) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial, with 3 dietary treatments fed with or without water acidification (2.58 ml/l of a propionic acid blend; kem san, kemin americas, des moines, ia). dietary treatments were: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of carbadox (cb), and 3) dietary acid [da; contr ... | 2007 | 17296768 |
| structures of activated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from escherichia coli. coordinate regulation of bacterial metabolism and the conservation of the r-state. | the enteric bacterium escherichia coli requires fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase) for growth on gluconeogenic carbon sources. constitutive expression of fbpase and fructose-6-phosphate-1-kinase coupled with the absence of futile cycling implies an undetermined mechanism of coordinate regulation involving both enzymes. tricarboxylic acids and phosphorylated three-carbon carboxylic acids, all intermediates of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, are shown here to activate e. coli fbpase ... | 2007 | 17314096 |
| comparison of immune responses in parenteral faeg dna primed pigs boosted orally with f4 protein or reimmunized with the dna vaccine. | we previously showed that an intradermal (i.d.) faeg dna prime (2x)-oral f4 protein boost immunization induces a systemic response and weakly primes a mucosal igg response in pigs, especially when plasmid vectors encoding the a and b subunit of the e. coli thermo-labile enterotoxin (lt) are added to the dna vaccine. in the present study, we evaluated whether addition of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) (vitd(3)) to the dna vaccine could further enhance this mucosal priming and/or modulate the ant ... | 2007 | 17331591 |
| tile water quality following liquid swine manure application into standing corn. | the quality of water draining fields fertilized with liquid swine (sus scrofa) manure (lsm) sidedressed into standing corn (zea mays l.) at rates ranging from 0 to 94 m(3) ha(-1), either topdressed (td) onto the surface, or injected (inj) into the soil once annually for each of three consecutive years was evaluated. liquid swine manure application rate was a critical driver of preferential flow of lsm to tile as detected by turbidity, concentrations of nh(4)(+)-n, dissolved reactive phosphorus ( ... | 2007 | 17332262 |
| msg1, a surface-localised protein of mycoplasma suis is involved in the adhesion to erythrocytes. | mycoplasma suis is a member of the group of uncultivable haemoplasmas which colonise erythrocytes of a wide range of vertebrates. adhesion to erythrocytes is the crucial step in the unique haemoplasma life cycle. due to the lack of a cultivation system, no adhesion structures have been identified so far. in order to determine potential adhesion molecules of m. suis, we screened genomic m. suis libraries. the protein msg1 with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) similarity was identi ... | 2007 | 17336568 |
| two specific sites for binding of k88ab escherichia coli fimbriae to porcine intestinal brush border membranes. | we have studied the characteristics of the binding of the k88ab escherichia coli fimbrial antigen to porcine brush border membranes by solid phase binding assay. binding of biotinylated k88ab to brush border membranes followed a sigmoidal dependence and was saturable, apparent saturation occurring with 0.8 ng of fimbriae (approx. 7 ng of fimbriae per microg of brush border protein) irrespective of incubation temperature in the range of room temperature to 4 degrees c. a hill plot of log [(fimbri ... | 2007 | 17337055 |
| distribution of supplemental escherichia coli appa2 phytase activity in digesta of various gastrointestinal segments of young pigs. | the objective of this study was to determine the functional location and disappearance of activity of a supplemental escherichia coli appa2 phytase and its impact on digesta p and ca concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. in exp. 1, 18 pigs (8.3 +/- 0.2 kg of bw) were allotted to 3 groups (n = 6 each) and fed a low-p (0.4%) corn-soybean meal, basal diet (bd), bd + phytase [500 units (u)/kg of feed], or bd + inorganic p (ip, 0.1%) for 4 wk. in exp. 2, 30 pigs (14.5 +/- 0.2 kg of bw ... | 2007 | 17339410 |
| emergence of rmtb methylase-producing escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae isolates from pigs in china. | to investigate the occurrence of 16s rrna methylases conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycosides in enterobacteriaceae isolated from two pig farms in china. | 2007 | 17353219 |
| antimicrobial resistance observed in escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle and pigs in korea during 2003-2004. | a total of 744 escherichia coli strains isolated from 830 fecal samples of healthy cattle and pigs in all provinces of korea were examined for resistance to 16 antimicrobials. the most frequently observed resistance in cattle isolates was to tetracycline (30.5%), followed by resistance to streptomycin (20.4%), ampicillin (12.0%) and chlorampenicol (6.9%). prevalences of resistance to the same four antimicrobials in swine isolates were 96.3%, 66.8%, 66.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. the prevalence ... | 2007 | 17363100 |
| prevalence of virulence genes in escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the us. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec)-associated post-weaning diarrhea (pwd) is economically one of the most important diseases for the swine industry. porcine etec strains typically express k88 or f18 fimbria and heat-labile (lt) and/or heat-stable (sta, stb) enterotoxins. however, recent studies indicate that east1 toxin, adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (aida-i) and porcine attaching and effacing-associated factor (paa) may also be expressed by etec strains associated with diarrhea. to ... | 2007 | 17368762 |
| development and evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea (pedv) antibodies. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) based on recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein generated in escherichia coli was evaluated for its sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea (pedv) infection. the n gene encoding the n protein was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with his tag protein in e. coli. the recombinant n protein was migrated at 48 kda and reacted with six histidine tag specific monoclonal antibody by immunoblotting. recombinant n protein e ... | 2007 | 17368968 |
| antimicrobial treatment reduces intestinal microflora and improves protein digestive capacity without changes in villous structure in weanling pigs. | the immediate post-weaning period is often associated with gut malfunction and diarrhoea for young pigs. administration of antimicrobials remains an effective way to control weaning diarrhoea but it remains unclear how they affect gut physiology and microbiology although this is a prerequisite for being able to devise better alternatives. hence, for 7 d we treated pigs, weaned at 24 d of age, with a combination of amoxicillin (25 mg/kg feed and injection of 8.75 mg/kg body weight per 12 h) and z ... | 2007 | 17381960 |
| quantitation of 17beta-nandrolone metabolites in boar and horse urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a method to quantify metabolites of 17beta-nandrolone (17betan) in boar and horse urine has been optimized and validated. metabolites excreted in free form were extracted at ph 9.5 with tert-butylmethylether. the aqueous phases were applied to sep pak c18 cartridges and conjugated steroids were eluted with methanol. after evaporation to dryness, either enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase from escherichia coli or solvolysis with a mixture of ethylacetate:methanol:concentrated sulphuric a ... | 2007 | 17386711 |
| screening of pigs resistant to f4 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infection. | the present study analysed quantitatively the mucin 4 polymorphism for determining the f4ac/ab receptor status of a total of 63 pigs by comparing it with the in vitro villous adhesion assay. the probability of a susceptible genotype for the mucin 4 increases significantly with increasing f4ab or f4ac etec adhesion per 250 microm villi (p=0.029 for f4ab, p=0.030 for f4ac), with the odds ratio for each unit increase of f4ab or f4ac equal to, respectively, 1.036 (95% ci [1.004-1.069]) and 1.018 (95 ... | 2007 | 17399917 |
| cardiac effects of endothelin receptor antagonism in endotoxemic pigs. | myocardial depression in sepsis is frequently encountered clinically and contributes to morbidity and mortality. increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 (et-1) have been described in septic shock, and previous reports have shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular performance and survival in septic models using et receptor antagonists. the aim of the current study was to investigate specific cardiac effects of et receptor antagonism in endotoxicosis. sixteen domestic pigs were anesthetized and ... | 2007 | 17400719 |
| detection of bacteroidales fecal indicators and the zoonotic pathogens e. coli 0157:h7, salmonella, and campylobacter in river water. | bacteroidales host-specific pcr offers a rapid method of diagnosing fecal pollution in water and identifying sources of input. to assess human health risks from exposure to fecal pathogens, however, bacteroidales markers should be detectable when pathogens are present. to determine if bacteroidales general, human-, ruminant-, and swine-specific markers correlate with certain fecal pathogens, we conducted a retrospective study on water samples for which the presence of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella ... | 2007 | 17410775 |
| phenotypic characterization of escherichia coli through whole-cell fatty acid profiling to investigate host specificity. | the objective of the study was to investigate whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of 605 escherichia coli isolates to determine their host specificity. the isolates were cultured from six possible sources of fecal pollution; 180 isolates from sewage, 85 from dairy cow, 98 from chicken, 76 from swine, 94 from deer, and 72 from waterfowl, mostly geese and ducks. the fame profiles were presented as the relative masses of 12 fames identified in the isolates and it was found that none ... | 2007 | 17234236 |
| functional and structural characterization of d-aspartate oxidase from porcine kidney: non-michaelis kinetics due to substrate activation. | d-aspartate oxidase (ddo, ec 1.4.3.1) catalyzes dehydrogenation of d-aspartate to iminoaspartate and the subsequent re-oxidation of reduced fad with o2 to produce hydrogen peroxide. in the mammalian neuroendocrine system, d-aspartate, a natural substrate, plays important roles in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of hormones. to elucidate the kinetic and structural properties of native ddo, we purified ddo from porcine kidney to homogeneity, cloned the cdna, and overexpressed the enz ... | 2007 | 17234685 |