Publications

studies of the presence of verocytotoxic escherichia coli o157 in bovine faeces submitted for diagnostic purposes in england and wales and on beef carcases in abattoirs in the united kingdom.	a survey of beef carcases in abattoirs in the uk was carried out in order to estimate the prevalence of contamination with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) serogroup o157. contamination with verocytotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec) o157 was confirmed in 0.47% of the 4067 (95% confidence limits 0.22-1.00%) of neck muscle samples. a significant tendency for carcases present in the same abattoir on the same day to have similar results was found, thus suggesting cross contamination. vte ...	1998	9593489
isolation from an ant myrmecia gulosa of two inducible o-glycosylated proline-rich antibacterial peptides.	reported here is the isolation and characterization of two antibacterial peptides synthesized in an ant myrmecia gulosa in response to bacterial challenge. the peptides were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry. both peptides were formed from 16 amino acids, were rich in proline ( approximately 30%), and had n-acetylgalactosamine o-linked to a conserved threonine. the activity of a synthetic non-glycosylat ...	1998	9497332
type specific and genotype cross reactive b epitopes of the l1 protein of hpv16 defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies.	mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against the major capsid protein, l1, of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), produced in escherichia coli with the expression plasmid ptrcl1. epitope specificity could be assigned to 11 of these 12 antibodies using a series of linear peptides and fusion proteins from hpv16. one mab (mc53) recognized a novel linear epitope that appears to be unique to the hpv16 genotype. a further 11 mabs were characterized as recognizing novel and previously defin ...	1998	9568027
cloning, sequencing and expression of a cdna encoding bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease i in escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	the bovine pancreatic (bp-) dnase i gene has been cloned from bp-cdna and expressed in e. coli. a polynucleotide sequence of 1295 base pairs was deduced from clones of the cdna. the sequence showed an open reading frame which can be translated as a 282-amino acid polypeptide, including a hydrophobic signal peptide and the polypeptide of bp-dnase i. an expression plasmid was constructed by inserting into the vector pet-15b, a cdna fragment coding for bp-dnase i ligated with a hexanucleotide codin ...	1998	9469931
cattle and verotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec), an old relationship?		1998	9569484
infectious agents associated with diarrhoea of calves in the canton of tilarán, costa rica.	a case-control study of calves under 3 months of age was carried out by weekly visits to 15 farms in the canton of tilarán, costa rica. most farms were dedicated to beef or dual-purpose (dp) production. faecal samples were collected over a 6-month period from a total of 194 calves with clinical signs and from 186 animals without clinical signs of diarrhoea as assessed by a scoring system. the samples were investigated for the presence of viruses, bacteria and parasites. torovirus was detected fo ...	1998	9500174
intergenic suppression of the gammam23k uncoupling mutation in f0f1 atp synthase by betaglu-381 substitutions: the role of the beta380delseed386 segment in energy coupling.	we previously demonstrated that the escherichia coli f0f1-atp synthase mutation, gammam23k, caused increased energy of interaction between gamma- and beta-subunits which was correlated to inefficient coupling between catalysis and transport [al-shawi, ketchum and nakamoto (1997) j. biol. chem. 272, 2300-2306]. based on these results and the x-ray crystallographic structure of bovine f1-atpase [abrahams, leslie, lutter and walker (1994) nature (london) 370, 621-628] gammam23k is believed to form ...	1998	9480879
sequence and context dependence of ef-hand loop dynamics. an 15n relaxation study of a calcium-binding site mutant of calbindin d9k.	the influence of amino acid sequence and structural context on the backbone dynamics of ef-hand calcium-binding loops was investigated using 15n spin relaxation measurements on the calcium-free state of the calbindin d9k mutant (a14d+a15delta+p20delta+n21g+p43m), in which the n-terminal pseudo-ef-hand loop, characteristic of s100 proteins, was engineered so as to conform with the c-terminal consensus ef-hand loop. the results were compared to a previous study of the apo state of the wild-type-li ...	1998	9485409
purification and characterization of the hnda subunit of nadp-reducing hydrogenase from desulfovibrio fructosovorans overproduced in escherichia coli.	based on the dna sequence of its structural genes, clustered in the hnd operon, the nadp-reducing hydrogenase of desulfovibrio fructosovorans is thought to be a heterotetrameric complex in which hnda and hndc constitute the nadp-reducing unit and hndd constitutes the hydrogenase unit, respectively. the weak representativity of the enzyme among cell proteins has prevented its purification. this paper discusses the purification and characterization of the hnda subunit of this unique tetrameric iro ...	1998	9485416
efficacy of parenteral administration of three antimicrobial agents in treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows: 487 cases (1989-1995).	to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral administration of procaine penicillin g, spiramycin, or enrofloxacin in the treatment of clinical mastitis in lactating cows.	1998	9470054
reduction of carriage of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in cattle by inoculation with probiotic bacteria.	bacteria inhibitory to escherichia coli o157:h7 were isolated from cattle and evaluated for their potential for reducing carriage of e. coli o157:h7 in calves. eighteen of 1,200 bacterial isolates from cattle feces and intestinal tissue samples were screened and determined to inhibit the growth of e. coli o157:h7 in vitro. seventeen of the isolates were e. coli and one was proteus mirabilis. none produced shiga toxin. genomic dna fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 13 dis ...	1998	9508288
virulence factors of avian escherichia coli associated with swollen head syndrome.	virulence characteristics of 50 strains of escherichia coli isolated from chickens with swollen head syndrome were examined. the results were the following: in the absence of d-mannose, 74% of strains agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes, but in the presence of d-mannose 32% agglutinated guinea-pig erythrocytes and 62% agglutinated human erythrocytes. when slide agglutination assays were carried out with antisera to adhesin of bovine and swine origin (k88, k99, f41, f42 987p and 2134p), only 14% ...	1998	18483979
a mutation in the heterotrimeric stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha-subunit with impaired receptor-mediated activation because of elevated gtpase activity.	it has been reported that substitution of arg258, a residue within the gtpase domain of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (g protein) alpha-subunit (alphas), to alanine (alphas-r258a) results in decreased activation by receptor or aluminum fluoride (alf4-) and increased basal gdp release. arg258 interacts with gln170 in the helical domain, and, presumably, loss of this interaction between the gtpase and helical domain leads to more rapid gdp release, resulting in decreased ac ...	1999	10200251
effect of antibiotic induced bacterial clearance in the udder on l-selectin shedding of blood neutrophils in cows with escherichia coli mastitis.	bacterial clearance, l-selectin adhesion receptor expression and neutrophil recruitment during experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis were investigated. acute mastitis was induced by injection of 10(4) cfu e. coli into both left quarters of 12 clinically healthy lactating cows, 2-6 weeks after parturition. half the cows were treated intravenously 10 h after infection, and subcutaneously 30 h after infection with enrofloxacin. in both groups, bacterial count, milk serum albumin, milk so ...	1999	10206204
antibacterial effect of lactoferricin b on escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef.	the antibacterial activity of lactoferricin b on enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in 1% peptone medium and ground beef was studied at 4 and 10 degrees c. in 1% peptone medium, 50 and 100 microg of lactoferricin b per ml reduced e. coli o157:h7 populations by approximately 0.7 and 2.0 log cfu/ml, respectively. studies comparing the antibacterial effect of lactoferricin b on e. coli o157:h7 in 1% peptone at ph 5.5 and 7.2 did not reveal any significant difference (p > 0.5) at the two ph ...	1999	10419266
shiga toxin 1 from escherichia coli blocks activation and proliferation of bovine lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro.	shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is widespread in the cattle population, but the clinical significance of shiga toxins (stx's) for the bovine species remains obscure. since stx's exert immunomodulating effects in other species, we examined the effect of purified stx1 on a bovine b lymphoma cell line (bl-3) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) isolated from adult bovine blood by viability assays and flow cytometry analysis. stx1 markedly induced apoptosis in stimulated bl-3 ...	1999	10225876
detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 from musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) at a cattle farm in japan.	enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 was isolated for the first time from musca domestica l. a total of 310 fly samples was collected from 4 different farms in obihiro-city, hokkaido, in the summer and autumn of 1997;5 samples carried e. coli serotype o157:h7. using elisa and vero cell cytotoxicity assay, 3 isolates from 1 cattle farm produced both active shiga-toxin type 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2). these isolates also carried hemolysin and eaea genes and harbored the 90-kb virulence pla ...	1999	10071501
a recombinant bovine gallbladder mucin polypeptide binds biliary lipids and accelerates cholesterol crystal appearance time.	mucin has a central role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones, in part because of its ability to bind biliary lipids and accelerate cholesterol crystal appearance time. previous studies have localized these properties to nonglycosylated mucin domains, and we have recently shown that these domains contain a series of 127-amino acid, cysteine-rich repeats. the aim of this study was to express a recombinant mucin polypeptide containing these repeats and investigate its lipid-binding and pr ...	1999	10092316
characterization of the cardiac holotroponin complex reconstituted from native cardiac troponin t and recombinant i and c.	cardiac troponin i (ctni), the inhibitory subunit of cardiac troponin (ctn), is phosphorylated by the camp-dependent protein kinase a at two adjacently located serine residues within the heart-specific n-terminal elongation. four different phosphorylation states can be formed. to investigate each monophosphorylated form ctni mutants, in which each of the two serine residues is replaced by an alanine, were generated. these mutants, as well as the wild-type cardiac troponin i (ctni-wt) have been e ...	1999	10103031
characterization of rpos alleles in escherichia coli o157:h7 and in other e. coli serotypes.	the rpos nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences from three escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates were compared with those from three other e. coli isolates, including the likely o157:h7 progenitor, e. coli o55:h7. these clinical and environmental isolates all had identical sigma s amino acid sequences, while laboratory strains k12 and dh1 had three and one amino acid alterations, respectively, in comparison with the majority sequence. to extend the analysis of sigma s sequence conservation to ...	1999	10063629
effect of cattle diet on escherichia coli o157:h7 acid resistance.	the duration of shedding of escherichia coli o157 isolates by hay-fed and grain-fed steers experimentally inoculated with e. coli o157:h7 was compared, as well as the acid resistance of the bacteria. the hay-fed animals shed e. coli o157 longer than the grain-fed animals, and irrespective of diet, these bacteria were equally acid resistant. feeding cattle hay may increase human infections with e. coli o157:h7.	1999	10388727
lipopolysaccharide enhances the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human pulp cells in culture.	we investigated whether vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) production by human pulp cells (hpc) is regulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) in relation to the pathogenesis of pulpitis. although hpc incubated with medium alone only marginally expressed vegf mrna and produced a low level of vegf as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the vegf mrna expression and vegf production were markedly enhanced upon stimulation with lps from escherichia coli. prevotella intermedia lps, phorbol ...	1999	10084996
effects of ph and acid resistance on the radiation resistance of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	the effects of ph and the induction of ph-dependent stationary-phase acid resistance on the radiation resistance of escherichia coli were determined for seven enterohemorrhagic strains and one nonenterohemorrhagic strain. the isolates were grown in acidogenic or nonacidogenic media to ph levels of approximately 4.7 and 7.2, respectively. the cells were then transferred to brain heart infusion (bhi) broth adjusted to ph 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 (with hcl) that was preequilibrated to 2 degrees c, an ...	1999	10090239
real-time monitoring of escherichia coli o157:h7 adherence to beef carcass surface tissues with a bioluminescent reporter.	a method for studying bacteria that are attached to carcass surfaces would eliminate the need for exogenous sampling and would facilitate understanding the interaction of potential human food-borne pathogens with food animal tissue surfaces. we describe such a method in which we used a bioluminescent reporter strain of escherichia coli o157:h7 that was constructed by transformation with plasmid pcgls1, an expression vector that contains a complete bacterial luciferase (lux) operon. beef carcass ...	1999	10103275
catalase hpii from escherichia coli exhibits enhanced resistance to denaturation.	catalase hpii from escherichia coli is a homotetramer of 753 residue subunits. the multimer displays a number of unusual structural features, including interwoven subunits and a covalent bond between tyr415 and his392, that would contribute to its rigidity and stability. as the temperature of a solution of hpii in 50 mm potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7) is raised from 50 to 92 degrees c, the enzyme begins to lose activity at 78 degrees c and 50% inactivation has occurred at 83 degrees c. the ina ...	1999	10194300
the role of the amino-terminal beta-barrel domain of the alpha and beta subunits in the yeast f1-atpase.	the crystal structure of mitochondrial f1-atpase indicates that the alpha and beta subunits fold into a structure defined by three domains: the top beta-barrel domain, the middle nucleotide-binding domain, and the c-terminal alpha-helix bundle domain (abrahams et al., 1994); bianchet et al., 1998). the beta-barrel domains of the alpha and beta subunits form a crown structure at the top of f1, which was suggested to stabilize it (abrahams et al. 1994). in this study, the role of the beta-barrel d ...	1999	10449236
genetic subtyping of escherichia coli o157 isolates from 41 pacific northwest usa cattle farms.	escherichia coli o157 (n = 376) from 41 cattle farms were subtyped using pulsed field gel electrophoresis of endonuclease cleaved chromosomal dna. cleavage with xbai resulted in 81 subtypes. fifty-one isolates from subtypes found in more than one herd, or in herds on multiple sample collection dates were compared using the endonuclease noti, resulting in 23 additional subtypes. up to 11 xbai subtypes were found per farm with up to 7 subtypes/farm identified from a single date. indistinguishable ...	1999	10459653
role of cryptosporidium parvum as a pathogen in neonatal diarrhoea complex in suckling and dairy calves in france.	this study was carried out to find the importance of cryptosporidium parvum in diarrhoea of neonatal calves in two types of breeding - suckling and dairy calves - in france. different agents causing neonatal diarrhoea, e. coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, salmonella and cryptosporidium were systematically researched in faeces. 1. suckling calves: in 40 livestock farms selected for diarrhoea, 311 calves 4 to 10 days old which had diarrhoea for less than 24h or no diarrhoea, were included in the study ...	1999	10488727
hydrochloric acid treatment for rapid recovery of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26, o111 and o157 from faeces, food and environmental samples.	we developed a hydrochloric acid treatment for the isolation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26:h11, o111:h- and o157:h7 strains from a variety of samples. after exposure to an equal volume of 1/8n hcl solution for 30 sec, the fecal suspensions and enrichment cultures were spread onto cefixime-tellurite-sorbitol-macconkey (ct-smac) agar. this hcl treatment increased the sensitivity for detection of stec o26:h11, o111:h- and o157:h7 strains and decreased the growth of other micr ...	1999	10467660
a reverse-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for verocytotoxin 1 and 2 antibodies in human and bovine sera.	a reverse-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), in which an antibody is sandwiched by antigens, was established for the titration of antibodies to verocytotoxins (vt) in human and animal sera. this assay has two advantages over a conventional indirect elisa: (i) higher specificity and sensitivity and (ii) the ability to comparably titrate antibodies from different species. the vt1 (shiga-like toxin 1) antibody-positive rates were 5% in 202 normal adult humans and 99% in 93 normal c ...	1999	10473521
expression, purification, and crystal structure determination of recombinant human epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein.	we describe the crystal structure of human epidermal-type fatty acid binding protein (e-fabp) that was recently found to be highly upregulated in human psoriatic keratinocytes. to characterize e-fabp with respect to ligand-binding properties and tertiary structure, we cloned the respective cdna, overexpressed the protein in escherichia coli and purified it to homogeneity by a combination of ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatographic steps with a yield of 30 mg/l broth. the purified protein ...	1999	10493790
prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in white-tailed deer sharing rangeland with cattle.	to determine the prevalence of fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with access to cattle pastures.	1999	10496130
production of engineered human pancreatic ribonucleases, solving expression and purification problems, and enhancing thermostability.	human pancreatic ribonuclease, the homolog of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, has a significant therapeutic potential. its study has been hindered by the difficulty of obtaining the enzyme in a pure and homogeneous form, either from human source or using heterologous expression. engineering of different variants of human pancreatic ribonuclease has allowed us to study and overcome some problems encountered during its heterologous production in an escherichia coli system and its purification from ...	1999	10497083
use of heme-protein complexes by the yersinia enterocolitica hemr receptor: histidine residues are essential for receptor function.	the abilities of two bacterial active heme transporters, hmbr of neisseria meningitidis and hemr of yersinia enterocolitica, to use different heme sources were compared. while hmbr-expressing cells used only hemoglobin (hb) and heme, hemr-expressing bacteria were able to grow on hb, heme, myoglobin, hemopexin, catalase, human and bovine serum albumin-heme, and haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes as sources of iron. expression of functional hemr allowed escherichia coli cells to respond to heme-cont ...	1999	10498719
purification and characterization of chitin-binding proteins from the hemolymph of sweet potato hornworm, agrius convolvuli.	three chitin-binding proteins (cbps: cbp9, cbp15, cbp66) were identified from the larval hemolymph of sweet potato hornworm, agrius convolvuli. two (cbp9 and cbp15) of them have been isolated and purified by gel filtration (superdex hr 75), cation-exchange chromatography (mono s), and reverse-phase chromatography (murpc pc 2.1/3). in experiments to detect cbps in hemolymph, we examined whether ionic strength and existence of bovine serum albumin in the incubation solution influenced binding affi ...	1999	10665375
micellar electrokinetic chromatography as a complementary method to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for studying limited proteolysis of proteins.	micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc) has been utilized as an analytical method to perform investigations on limited proteolysis of proteins. to this purpose partial proteolysis experiments with a series of proteinases were performed, utilizing as model protein pyruvate kinase (pk) from escherichia coli, an enzyme that is regulated allosterically by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (fbp). data obtained with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and mekc were compa ...	1999	10499331
serological evidence of an australian bovine lentivirus.	recombinant 26 kda capsid (ca) proteins of bovine lentiviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and jembrana disease virus (jdv), were expressed in escherichia coli and utilised as antigens for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a western immunoblot (wib) procedure for the detection of antibody in dairy cattle in western australia. a total of 690 serum samples, 30 from each of 23 farms, were tested by elisa with a jdv ca protein antigen, and antibody was detected in 3.8% (p<0.0 ...	1999	10501174
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 enhances milk antibody titers to escherichia coli j5 vaccine.	recent evidence in cattle and mice has suggested that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 may stimulate t-lymphocyte differentiation pathways responsible for humoral immunity. the use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 as an adjuvant for an escherichia coli j5 vaccine was tested. ten midlactation cows received j5 vaccine and were revaccinated 6 wk after the first vaccine administration. five of these cows were given 200 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3, in addition to the primary vaccination, and they recei ...	1999	10509248
detection of low dose radiation induced dna damage using temperature differential fluorescence assay.	a rapid and sensitive fluorescence assay for radiation-induced dna damage is reported. changes in temperature-induced strand separation in both calf thymus dna and plasmid dna (puc 19 plasmid from escherichia coli) were measured after exposure to low doses of radiation. exposures of between 0.004 and 1 gy were measured with doses as low as 0.008 gy yielding significant responses. the double-strand, sensitive dye picogreen was used as an indicator of dna denaturation. calibration plots indicate t ...	1999	10517153
prevalence and infection risks of zoonotic enteropathogenic bacteria in swiss cow-calf farms.	a longitudinal study was performed in 67 larger swiss cow-calf farms from september 1996 through november 1997. the objectives of the study were to estimate prevalence and risk factors for colonization with potentially zoonotic enteropathogenic bacteria in younger calves and in calves at weaning age. the study included data from 395 calves with three to four fecal samples each. fecal samples were analyzed for campylobacter spp., verotoxin producing e. coli (vtec), yersinia spp. and salmonella sp ...	1999	10535771
experimental infection of calves with escherichia coli o157:h7.	three 3-month-old japanese black calves were experimentally infected with escherichia coli o157:h7 to define the magnitude (cfu/g) and duration of fecal shedding of the organism. in two of the three calves, fecal shedding of e. coli o157:h7 ceased in 5 and 9 weeks. the remaining calf continued shedding e. coli o157:h7 for more than 31 weeks, and the magnitude of the shedding ranged from 10(1) to 10(4) cfu/g of feces. the possibility is suggested that a percentage of animals naturally infected wi ...	1999	10563303
comparative sensitivity of immunoassays for haptens using monomeric and dimeric antibody fragments.	a single-chain anti-atrazine antibody fragment, scab (single-chain fv with a ck domain), was expressed in escherichia coli, and monomeric and dimeric species were preferentially purified from periplasmic extracts by chromatography upon nickel chelate immunosorbent columns or by immunoaffinity purification using a constant domain (ck) tag. recombinant monomeric and dimeric antibody fragments, fab, and intact monoclonal antibodies were compared in assays by competition between free atrazine in sol ...	1999	10563896
genotoxic effects of benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural chemopreventive agent.	benzyl isothiocyanate (bitc) is contained in cruciferous plants which are part of the human diet. numerous reports indicate that bitc prevents chemically induced cancer in laboratory animals and it has been postulated that bitc might also be chemoprotective in humans. on the other hand, evidence is accumulating that this compound is a potent genotoxin in mammalian cells by itself. to further elucidate the potential hazards of bitc, we investigated its genotoxic effects in different in vitro geno ...	1999	10567035
autoantibodies to brain components and antibodies to acinetobacter calcoaceticus are present in bovine spongiform encephalopathy.	bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is a neurological disorder, predominantly of british cattle, which belongs to the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies together with creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), kuru, and scrapie. autoantibodies to brain neurofilaments have been previously described in patients with cjd and kuru and in sheep affected by scrapie. spongiform-like changes have also been observed in chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, at least in rabbits and guin ...	1999	10569779
occurrence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in hamburgers produced in brazil.	the occurrence of escherichia coli o157:h7 was evaluated in 886 samples of hamburgers produced by eight manufacturers in the south and southeast of brazil from january to september of 1997. the pathogen was not detected in any of the samples analyzed, although 17 (1.9%) showed the presence of e. coli strains, which presented agglutination with o157 antiserum. these strains were not confirmed, since a subsequent identification indicated that they were fermentation positive for sorbitol, incapable ...	1999	10571325
the effect of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin hydrolysates on the metabolic activity of escherichia coli jm103.	bovine milk proteins alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) were hydrolysed with seven different proteolytic enzymes, and the effect of various hydrolysates on a genetically modified luminous escherichia coli jm103 was tested in vitro with a bioluminescence assay for bacterial growth and metabolism. undigested proteins did not inhibit the activity of tested e. coli jm103 at a concentration as high as 0.1 g ml-1. at the same concentrations, alpha-la hydrolysed with pepsin o ...	1999	10583682
patterning cells and their environments using multiple laminar fluid flows in capillary networks.	this paper describes the use of laminar flow of liquids in capillary systems to pattern the cell culture substrate, to perform patterned cell deposition, and to pattern the cell culture media. we demonstrate the patterning of the cell culture substrate with different proteins, the patterning of different types of cells adjacent to each other, the patterned delivery of chemicals to adhered cells, and performing enzymatic reactions over select cells or over a portion of a cell. this method offers ...	1999	10318920
expression of recombinant bovine l-selectin in escherichia coli and insect cells.	bovine l-selectin was expressed in bacteria using pgex vector and in insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus in order to obtain recombinant protein for preparation of specific antiserum and its functional studies. in bacterial expression, l-selectin fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase was detected in the insoluble fraction with the expected molecular weight of 60 kda by sds-page and reacted with anti-bovine cd62l monoclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. in insect cells in ...	1999	10331197
activation of toxin adp-ribosyltransferases by eukaryotic adp-ribosylation factors.	adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) are members of a multigene family of 20-kda guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that are regulatory components in several pathways of intracellular vesicular trafficking. the relatively small (approximately 180-amino acids) arf proteins interact with a variety of molecules (in addition to gtp/gdp, of course). cholera toxin was the first to be recognized, hence the name. later it was shown that arf also activates phospholipase d. different parts of the molecule are ...	1999	10331652
semi-automated fluorogenic pcr assays (taqman) forrapid detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other shiga toxigenic e. coli.	semi-automated detection of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 and non-o157:h7 shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) was achieved using fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction (pcr). these pcr assays were designed to amplify 80, 120 and 150 bp regions of virulence genes stx1, stx2 and eaea, respectively, using specific primers. the fluorogenic probes were used for specific detection of amplified products of the stx1 and stx2 genes of stec, and the eaea gene of ehec o157:h7. for mult ...	1999	10441202
antibacterial effects of lactoferricin b.	the antimicrobial peptide, lactoferricin, can be generated upon gastric pepsin cleavage of lactoferrin. we have examined the inhibitory efficacy of lactoferricin of bovine origin (lf-cin b) on escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and staphylococcus aureus with or without a cell wall. we found that spheroplasts and protoplasts had a lower mic than their counterparts with a cell wall. we also compared the efficacies of lf-cin b (17-31) made of all l-amino acids and all d-amino acids. the peptide ma ...	1999	10447329
recombinant chicken ifn-gamma expressed in escherichia coli: analysis of c-terminal truncation and effect on biologic activity.	interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) possesses potent immunostimulatory properties, and it has recently been shown to have potential therapeutic properties. recombinant protein technology is frequently used for commercial production of therapeutics, such as ifn. biologically active recombinant chicken ifn-gamma (rchifn-gamma) constructs bearing an n-terminal poly-his tag were expressed in escherichia coli. preparations of rchifn-gamma contained varying ratios of a full-length and a truncated protein spe ...	1999	10334390
growth of starved escherichia coli o157 cells in selective and non-selective media.	escherichia coli o157 strains starved in sterile deionized water (sdw) and filter-sterilized natural river water (srw) were investigated with specific reference to their culturability in selective and non-selective media. growth of the strains starved in both sdw and srw were markedly suppressed with time in selective liquid media such as modified trypticase soy broth supplemented with novobiocin (mtsb+n) and modified e. coli broth supplemented with novobiocin (mec+n). this suppression was more ...	1999	10338190
incidence of salmonella on beef carcasses relating to the u.s. meat and poultry inspection regulations.	this article is part of a major study designed to collect baseline contamination data by sampling beef carcasses in seven slaughtering plants (four steer-heifer and three cow-bull plants) during both a dry season (november to january) and a wet season (may to june). samples (n = 30) were excised from each of three carcass anatomical sites (brisket, flank, and rump) at each of three points in the slaughtering chain (pre-evisceration, following final carcass washing, after 24-h carcass chilling). ...	1999	10340666
[prevalence and serotypes of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) isolates from dairy cattle].	to clarify the source of infection and route of transmission of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in humans, we collected fresh feces from healthy dairy cattle reared in hokkaido, fukushima, kanagawa and okinawa prefectures between june 1996 and march 1997, and attempted to isolate vtec. the results are described below. 1) vtec was isolated from 68 (27.1%) of 251 fecal samples tested. vtec was isolated from 14 (28.0%) of 50 in hokkaido, 13 (26.0%) of 50 in fukushima, 20 (39.2%) of ...	1999	10386024
unusual sites of arginine methylation in poly(a)-binding protein ii and in vitro methylation by protein arginine methyltransferases prmt1 and prmt3.	arginine methylation is a post-translational modification found mostly in rna-binding proteins. poly(a)-binding protein ii from calf thymus was shown by mass spectrometry and sequencing to contain ng, ng-dimethylarginine at 13 positions in its amino acid sequence. two additional arginine residues were partially methylated. almost all of the modified residues were found in arg-xaa-arg clusters in the c terminus of the protein. these motifs are distinct from arg-gly-gly motifs that have been previ ...	1999	10224081
[detection of pas gene in shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec)].	results of detection of the pas gene in 10 shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli strains (stec) isolated from foods (raw milk, certified milk, and beef) and in 18 enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli strains (ehec) isolated from stool samples of patients suffering from hus, diarrhea or from carriers without symptoms are given. all isolates showed the eae gene coding for intimin. we could make sure by using pcr that all isolates showed the pas gene, too. this gene is a factor mainly responsible fo ...	1999	10337054
paua: a novel plasminogen activator from streptococcus uberis.	chromosomal dna from two geographically distinct isolates of streptococcus uberis was used to clone the plasminogen activator in an active form in escherichia coli. the cloned fragments from each strain contained four potential open reading frames (orfs). that for the plasminogen activator encoded a protein of 286 amino acids (33.4 kda) which is cleaved between residues 25 and 26 during secretion by s. uberis. the amino acid sequence of the mature protein showed only weak homology (23.5-28%) to ...	1999	10483719
infection of gnotobiotic calves with escherichia coli o157:h7 strain a84.	six colostrum-deprived, hysterotomy-derived calves were maintained under sterile conditions and fed a milk replacer diet. at five days of age, five of the calves were dosed orally with 10(9) cfu of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain a84. they were killed after, one, two, six, 12 and 24 days, and samples were taken for bacteriological and pathological examination. the sixth uninfected control calf was killed at seven days of age and matched samples were taken for pathological comparison. the animals ...	1999	10358875
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in spontaneous bovine bronchopneumonia.	the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), major histocompatibility class ii molecules (mhc-ii), cd68, and the calcium-binding proteins s100a8 and s100a9 (also called mrp8 and mrp14, respectively) was assessed in lung tissues from cattle that succumbed to pneumonia. expression patterns of these markers were related to the types of lung lesion. inos expression was only observed in lungs infected with arcanobacterium pyogenes or pasteurella haemolytica but not in lungs from cattle w ...	1999	10490207
activation of the cdc42 effector n-wasp by the shigella flexneri icsa protein promotes actin nucleation by arp2/3 complex and bacterial actin-based motility.	to propel itself in infected cells, the pathogen shigella flexneri subverts the cdc42-controlled machinery responsible for actin assembly during filopodia formation. using a combination of bacterial motility assays in platelet extracts with escherichia coli expressing the shigella icsa protein and in vitro analysis of reconstituted systems from purified proteins, we show here that the bacterial protein icsa binds n-wasp and activates it in a cdc42-like fashion. dramatic stimulation of actin asse ...	1999	10491394
shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in feedlot cattle and norwegian rats from a large-scale farm.	a total of 365 faecal samples from different categories of cattle, 12 samples of untreated slurry, 50 samples of fresh droppings of feral domestic pigeons, 20 samples of fresh droppings of domestic sparrows and stool samples of 19 synanthropic rodents were examined for the presence of escherichia coli by broth enrichment culture and a subsequent immunomagnetic separation. escherichia coli o157 was found in 72 (20%) bovine samples, six (50%) samples of untreated slurry and four (40%) of 10 rats ( ...	1999	10389259
identification of the rna-binding, dimerization, and eif4gi-binding domains of rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp3.	the rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp3 is a sequence-specific rna binding protein that binds the nonpolyadenylated 3' end of the rotavirus mrnas. nsp3 also interacts with the translation initiation factor eif4gi and competes with the poly(a) binding protein. deletion mutations and point mutations of nsp3 from group a rotavirus (nsp3a), expressed in escherichia coli, indicate that the rna binding domain lies between amino acids 4 and 149. similar results were obtained with nsp3 from group c rot ...	1999	10364288
afa and f17 adhesins produced by pathogenic escherichia coli strains in domestic animals.	afa and f17 are afimbrial and fimbrial adhesins, respectively, produced by pathogenic escherichia coli strains in domestic animals. f17-related fimbriae are mainly detected on bovine and ovine e. coli associated with diarrhoea or septicaemia. the f17-g adhesin subunits recognize n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) receptors present on bovine intestinal cells. some f17 subtypes also bind to glcnac receptors present on human uroepithelial and intestinal caco-2 cells or to the laminin contained in the ...	1999	10367361
[udder health on dairy farms. 1. results of a longitudinal study on 300 dutch farms].	udder health was studied in 300 dairy herds grouped in three categories according to the bulk milk somatic cell count. in all herds, lactating cows were housed in a free-stall barn during the winter. all herds participated in a three or four-weekly milk recording system, had annual production quota between 300,000 and 900,000 kg, and were stocked with cows of the holstein-friesian or dutch friesian breeds. the incidence of clinical mastitis was not different among herds with a low (< or = 150,00 ...	1999	10372420
peroxynitrite-mediated modification of proteins at physiological carbon dioxide concentration: ph dependence of carbonyl formation, tyrosine nitration, and methionine oxidation.	the ability of peroxynitrite to modify amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase (gs) and bsa is greatly influenced by ph and co2. at physiological concentrations of co2 (1.3 mm), the generation of carbonyl groups (0.2-0.4 equivalents/subunit) is little affected by ph over the range of 7.2-9.0, but, in the absence of co2, carbonyl formation increases (from 0.1- 1.2 equivalents/subunit) as the ph is raised from 7.2 to 10.5. this increase is attributable, in part but not entirely, to the increas ...	1999	10393903
role of lactosyl glycan sequences in inhibiting enteropathogenic escherichia coli attachment.	previously, we found that asialo-lactosamine sequences served as receptors for enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) binding to chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. in the present report, we have extended these earlier results by examining the ability of lactosamine- or fucosylated lactosamine-bovine serum albumin (bsa) glycoconjugates to inhibit epec, strain e2348/69, binding to hep-2 cells. we found that, consistent with our previous findings with cho cells, n-acetyllactosamine-bsa was the mo ...	1999	10377105
decay-accelerating factor and cytoskeleton redistribution pattern in hela cells infected with recombinant escherichia coli strains expressing dr family of adhesins.	escherichia coli strains expressing dr fimbriae are able to enter epithelial cells by interacting with a complement-regulatory protein, decay-accelerating factor. this model of bacterial internalization, with a well-characterized bacterial ligand and host receptor, provides a unique opportunity to investigate the early stages of invasion. we used immunofluorescence staining techniques to examine the distribution of receptor and cytoskeletal proteins in hela cells infected with e. coli recombinan ...	1999	10417165
assessment of the microbiological conditions of tails, tongues, and head meats at two beef-packing plants.	newly skinned tails of beef carcasses at two packing plants were similarly contaminated with total aerobes and with coliforms that were largely escherichia coli at log mean numbers about 3.5/cm2 and 4.5/100 cm2, respectively. the log mean numbers of aerobes and coliforms on the skinned tails after washing at plant a were, respectively, 1 and 2 log units less than the numbers on the newly skinned tails. at plant b, the log mean numbers of aerobes on skinned and on washed tails were similar while ...	1999	10382660
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 by stimulated pediococcus acidilactici.	this study was conducted to determine if stimulating the growth of meat starter culture (pediococcus acidilactici) in a laboratory medium (brain heart infusion broth +2.3% nacl + 1.5% sucrose; lbhi) and during meat fermentation would control escherichia coli o157:h7. in lbhi medium without p. acidilactici, the numbers of e. coli o157:h7 increased from 4.00 to 8.34 log10 cfu ml-1, whereas in the presence of p. acidilactici (approximately 6.0 log10 cfu ml-1) in lbhi, lbhim (lbhi + 0.005% mnso4), l ...	1999	10530043
purification and properties of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides from sheep and goat leukocytes.	we purified three proline-rich antimicrobial peptides from elastase-treated extracts of sheep and goat leukocytes and subjected two of them, oabac5alpha and chbac5, to detailed analysis. oabac5alpha and chbac5 were homologous to each other and to bovine bac5. both exhibited potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity under low-concentration salt conditions. while the peptides remained active against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, and listeria monocytogenes in 100 ...	1999	10417180
e. coli expressed proteins as diagnostic reagents for typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus.	truncated proteins corresponding to the c-terminal half of vp1 of four vaccine strains and two field variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were expressed in e. coli. the expressed proteins were affinity purified and their type specific reactivity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation with anti-virus antibodies. antibodies were raised against the purified proteins in guinea pigs and the type specificity of the anti peptide antibodies was confirmed by antigen capture reverse transcription ...	1999	10542020
polycitone a, a novel and potent general inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptases and cellular dna polymerases.	polycitone a, an aromatic alkaloid isolated from the ascidian polycitor sp. exhibits potent inhibitory capacity of both rna- and dna-directed dna polymerases. the drug inhibits retroviral reverse transcriptase (rt) [i.e. of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv), murine leukaemia virus (mlv) and mouse mammary tumour virus (mmtv)] as efficiently as cellular dna polymerases (i.e. of both dna polymerases alpha and beta and escherichia coli dna polymerase i). the mode and mechanism of inhibition ...	1999	10548537
acute phase response in dairy cows with experimentally induced escherichia coli mastitis.	six finnish ayrshire cows were challenged intramammarily with 1500 cfu of escherichia coli (e. coli) into single udder quarters, and the challenge was repeated into contralateral quarters 3 weeks later. all cows received flunixine meglumine once, and 3 of them were also treated with enrofloxacin. at the 2nd challenge, treatments were changed vice versa. the development of mastitis was followed by monitoring of systemic and local clinical signs, and with serial milk and serum samples. intramammar ...	1999	10418194
isolation of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 from cattle at slaughter in italy.	cattle arriving for slaughter at a large abattoir in northern italy between april 1997 and january 1998 were examined for intestinal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 using an immunomagnetic separation technique. sixty sorbitol non-fermenting vtec o157 strains were isolated from 59 (13.1%) of the 450 cattle examined. in particular, vtec o157 was found in 37 (16.6%) of 223 feedlot cattle and in 22 (16.1%) of 137 dairy cull cows, but not in the 90 veal calves sampled ...	1999	10418874
factors associated with fecal shedding of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 on dairy farms.	fecal samples were collected from 4,361 dairy cows on 91 dairy operations between 26 february and 8 july 1996. fecal samples were cultured for escherichia coli o157, and positive isolates were probed for verotoxin-producing genes. a total of 52 (1.2%) fecal samples on 22 (24.2%) operations were positive for verotoxin-producing e. coli o157. herds in which samples were collected on or after 1 may 1996 were significantly more likely to test positive than herds sampled before that date (odds ratio ...	1999	10419200
[fecal shedding and serum antibody responses of cattle experimentally infected with enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7].		1999	10565127
investigating site-specific effects of the -x glutamate in a parvalbumin cd site model peptide.	the -x glutamate in a 33-residue model peptide comprising the cd site of carp parvalbumin 4.25 (parvcd) was replaced with aspartate (parvcd-xd) and the effect on calcium-dependent dimerization and calcium affinity assessed. the peptide parvcd demonstrates a 10(5)-fold lower calcium affinity than the same site in the native protein. both the parvcd and parvcd-xd model peptides fail to bind magnesium. the low calcium affinity and failure of the model parvcd site to bind magnesium may be due to hig ...	1999	10562419
molecular definition and characterization of recombinant bovine cb8 and cb10: immunogenicity and arthritogenicity.	theoretically, the ability to produce recombinant type ii collagen (cii) peptide fragments in a prokaryotic expression system would be extremely useful for preparing adequate amounts of cii peptides suitable for therapeutic uses. bacteria do not contain the enzymes involved in the extensive posttranslational modifications that occur during the biosynthesis of cii, such as the hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues and glycosylation of hydroxylysyl residues. as these posttranslational modific ...	1999	10479530
excretion of vtec o157 by cattle.		1999	10420488
prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in bovine coli mastitis and their antibiotic resistance patterns.	between december 1996 and october 1997, milk samples from a total of 145 cows with coli mastitis were screened for the presence of verotoxin-producing e. coli (vtec). vtec were found in four (2.8%) out of the 145 samples. the four isolated strains proved to be verotoxin (vt) 1-, vt2- or vt1- and vt2-positive. however, no strain contained all three virulence factors tested. further strain characterization was carried out by serotyping as well as by resistance pattern analysis.	1999	10481626
a chromogenic plating medium for isolating escherichia coli o157:h7 from beef.	there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the percentages of escherichia coli o157:h7 cells recovered on bcm o157:h7 (+) agar (69.7%) and macconkey sorbitol agar containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-d-glucuronic acid (msa-bcig) (76.8%) vs tryptic soy agar. three e. coli o157:h7 strains (atcc 35150, 43890 and 43894) were separately inoculated into raw ground beef at low (mean 0.32 cfu g-1) and high (mean 3.12 cfu g-1) levels. using the united states department of agriculture (usda) ...	1999	10432628
antibodies produced by mice immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing two different types of a major theileria sergenti surface antigen (p32) react with the native surface antigen.	a 32 kda major surface antigen, p32, of theileria sergenti at the piroplasm stage is the main target of the host immune response. the immunogenic property of the p32 varies in some strains among the population of theileria sergenti in japan where the chitose type and the ikeda type are the most common varieties. we have constructed vaccinia virus recombinants vv/p32c and vv/p32i which harbor the chitose and ikeda types of p32 gene, respectively. it was found that vv/p32c and vv/p32i produced typ ...	1999	10435791
stability, activity and flexibility in alpha-lactalbumin.	alpha-lactalbumins and the type-c lysozymes are homologues with similar folds that differ in function and stability. to determine if the lower stability of alpha-lactalbumin results from specific substitutions required for its adaptation to a new function, the effects of lysozyme-based and other substitutions on thermal stability were determined. unblocking the upper cleft in alpha-lactalbumin by replacing tyr103 with ala, perturbs stability and structure but pro, which also generates an open cl ...	1999	10436084
characterization of two fungal-elicitor-induced rice cdnas encoding functional homologues of the rab-specific gdp-dissociation inhibitor.	by using the mrna differential display approach to isolate defense signaling genes active at the early stage of fungal infection two cdna fragments with high sequence homology to rab-specific gdp-dissociation inhibitors (gdis) were identified in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells. using polymerase-chain-reaction products as probes, two full-length cdna clones were isolated from a cdna library of fungal-elicitor-treated rice, and designated as osgdi1 and osgdi2. the deduced amino acid sequen ...	1999	10592042
mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (2). amino acid sequencing, characterization, and identification of corresponding gene sequences.	four different classes of mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were identified and characterized. mature proteins were purified from bovine liver and subjected to n-terminal or matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectroscopic amino acid sequencing after tryptic in-gel digestion and high pressure liquid chromatography separation of the resulting peptides. peptide sequences obtained were used to virtually screen expressed sequence tag data bases from human, mouse, and rat. consensus cdnas ...	1999	10593885
the metal function in the reactions of bovine serum amine oxidase with substrates and hydrazine inhibitors.	bovine serum amine oxidase (bsao) reacts with 2-hydrazinopyridine, which binds the organic co-factor 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone, forming a band at 435 nm. the band shifts to 526 nm around 60 degrees c, to 415 nm upon denaturation, but only shifts to 429 nm upon cu2+ depletion. its wavelength and intensity suggest that the adduct has the azo conformation, whilst the same adduct of crystalline escherichia coli amine oxidase (ecao) shows the hydrazone conformation in the x-ray structure. ...	1999	10439080
characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 gd fusion protein expressed in e. coli.	a total of 20 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against e. coli expressed bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) gd fusion protein were produced following the fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized previously with immunoaffinity purified bhv-1 gd fusion protein. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using bhv-1 infected mdbk cells was used for the selection of positive hybridomas secreting specific antibody. the monoclonal antibody isotyp ...	1999	10598086
protective cultures inhibit growth of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 in cooked, sliced, vacuum- and gas-packaged meat.	contamination of cooked meat products with listeria monocytogenes poses a constant threat to the meat industry. the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the use of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) as protective cultures in cooked meat products. cooked, sliced, vacuum- or gas-packaged ham and servelat sausage from nine meat factories in norway were inoculated with 10(3) cfu/g of a mixture of three rifampicin resistant (rif-mutant) strains of l. monocytogenes and stored at 8 degrees ...	1999	10598113
crystal structure of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) from cellulomonas sp. and its implication for the mechanism of trimeric pnps.	the three-dimensional structure of the trimeric purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) from cellulomonas sp. has been determined by x-ray crystallography. the binary complex of the enzyme with orthophosphate was crystallized in the orthorhombic space group p212121 with unit cell dimensions a=64.1 a, b=108.9 a, c=119.3 a and an enzymatically active trimer in the asymmetric unit. x-ray data were collected at 4 degrees c using synchrotron radiation (embl/desy, hamburg). the structure was solved by m ...	1999	10600382
chloroplast nadh dehydrogenase from pisum sativum: characterization of its activity and cloning of ndhk gene.	the pea chloroplast ndhk gene coding for a component of a nadh-plastoquinone oxidoreductase has been cloned and sequenced. this gene codes for a polypeptide of 227 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 25,495 da which belongs to the family of the 20 kda psst subunit of the bovine mitochondrial complex i. a fragment of this gene has been overexpressed in escherichia coli, and antibodies against the expressed polypeptide recognize a protein of the predicted molecular mass from pea thylakoi ...	1999	10202810
detection of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 based on a gene which confers cross-resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol.	salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) dt104 (dt104) first emerged as a major pathogen in europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. it has also been associated with outbreaks in the united states. the organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. the mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in dt104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli host strain clones from ...	1999	10203484
vaccines and diagnostic methods for bovine mastitis: fact and fiction.	a number of problems are uniquely associated with vaccination of dairy cows for mastitis. one of these is that the number of mastitis pathogens is numerous and heterogeneous. vaccine efforts have concentrated mainly on the major mastitis pathogens. while at least one s. aureus bacterin has been commercially available for a number of years, no large-scale, independent field trials have been published in refereed journals which support the efficacy of this vaccine. experimental vaccines for s. aur ...	1999	9890021
antibacterial activity of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: interactions with pig and calf sera.	the antibacterial activity of pig and calf serum and its ability to interact with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were studied in vitro using escherichia coli k-12, proteus rettgeri (sanelli) and klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 10031. the antimicrobial activity of the above drugs, alone or in combination with serum, was investigated by the checkerboard method and expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (microg ml-1). pig serum (25%) with gentamicin had a synergistic antibacterial effect agains ...	1999	10208763
transcriptional inhibition of the operon for the spermidine uptake system by the substrate-binding protein potd.	inhibition of spermidine uptake in escherichia coli, which occurs in the presence of accumulated polyamines, has been studied using the spermidine uptake operon consisting of the pota, -b, -c, and -d genes. transcription of the potabcd operon was inhibited by potd, a spermidine-binding protein usually found in the periplasm, and the inhibitory effect of potd was increased by spermidine. transcription was not affected by bovine serum albumin, pota, or potf, suggesting that the effects of potd are ...	1999	9890949
molecular cloning of a novel human collectin from liver (cl-l1).	collectins are a c-lectin family with collagen-like sequences and carbohydrate recognition domains. these proteins can bind to carbohydrate antigens of microorganisms and inhibit their infection by direct neutralization and agglutination, the activation of complement through the lectin pathway, and opsonization by collectin receptors. here we report the cloning of a cdna encoding human collectin from liver (cl-l1 (collectin liver 1)) that has typical collectin structural characteristics, consist ...	1999	10224141
roles of pilc and pile proteins in pilus-mediated adherence of neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis to human erythrocytes and endothelial and epithelial cells.	unlike other type 4 pili, the neisserial pili consist of at least two distinct proteins, the highly variable major subunit pile forming the pilus fiber and the tip-associated adhesin pilc. pilc protein purified either from gonococci or from escherichia coli interacted with different human epithelial cell lines, primary epithelial and endothelial cells. the binding of pilc protein efficiently prevented the attachment of piliated neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis to these cell types ...	1999	9916098
role of carboxyl-terminal charges on s-modulin membrane affinity and inhibition of rhodopsin phosphorylation.	s-modulin shows a higher affinity for urea-stripped frog rod outer segment membranes than s26 (a cone homologue of s-modulin). nacl at a concentration of several hundred millimolar reduced the membrane affinity of s-modulin to the s26 level. chimeric s-modulin and s26 whose respective 23 and 29 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus were swapped showed membrane affinites similar to those of s26 and s-modulin, respectively. the membrane affinity of an s-modulin mutant lacking c-terminal positive ch ...	1999	9930992
interactions of the papovavirus dna replication initiator proteins, bovine papillomavirus type 1 e1 and simian virus 40 large t antigen, with human replication protein a.	papovaviruses utilize predominantly cellular dna replication proteins to replicate their own viral genomes. to appropriate the cellular dna replication machinery, simian virus 40 (sv40) large t antigen (tag) binds to three different cellular replication proteins, the dna polymerase alpha-primase complex, the replication protein a (rpa) complex, and topoisomerase i. the functionally similar papillomavirus e1 protein has also been shown to bind to the dna polymerase alpha-primase complex. enzyme-l ...	1999	10233951
cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with other major enterophatogens in 1 to 30-day-old diarrheic dairy calves in central spain.	faeces samples from 218, 1 to 30-day-old, diarrheic dairy calves in 65 dairy herds were screened for the presence of cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, f5 escherichia coli and salmonella spp. calves were grouped according to their age as follows: 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-30 days. cryptosporidium infection was detected in 43.8%, 71.9%, 63.2% and 6.9% of the calves in the respective age groups. significant differences in the detection rate of cryptosporidium were ...	1999	9950342