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powassan/deer tick virus and borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin tick populations.powassan/deer tick virus (powv/dtv) is an emerging cause of arboviral neuroinvasive disease in the upper midwest. these studies describe the prevalence and geographic distribution of wisconsin ticks carrying powv/dtv as well as the high frequency of ixodes scapularis ticks coinfected with both powv/dtv and borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. these findings suggest that concurrent transmission of powv/dtv and b. burgdorferi from coinfected ticks is likely to occur in humans ...201728488932
crowdsourcing-based nationwide tick collection reveals the distribution of ixodes ricinus and i. persulcatus and associated pathogens in finland.a national crowdsourcing-based tick collection campaign was organized in 2015 with the objective of producing novel data on tick distribution and tick-borne pathogens in finland. nearly 20 000 ixodes ticks were collected. the collected material revealed the nationwide distribution of i. persulcatus for the first time and a shift northwards in the distribution of i. ricinus in finland. a subset of 2038 tick samples containing both species was screened for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the prev ...201728487561
identification of tp0751 (pallilysin) as a treponema pallidum vascular adhesin by heterologous expression in the lyme disease spirochete.treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, is a highly invasive spirochete pathogen that uses the vasculature to disseminate throughout the body. identification of bacterial factors promoting dissemination is crucial for syphilis vaccine development. an important step in dissemination is bacterial adhesion to blood vessel surfaces, a process mediated by bacterial proteins that can withstand forces imposed on adhesive bonds by blood flow (vascular adhesins). the study of ...201728484210
a proteomic signature of dormancy in the actinobacterium micrococcus luteus.dormancy is a protective state in which diverse bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylococcus aureus, treponema pallidum (syphilis), and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease), curtail metabolic activity to survive external stresses, including antibiotics. evidence suggests dormancy consists of a continuum of interrelated states, including viable but nonculturable (vbnc) and persistence states. vbnc and persistence contribute to antibiotic tolerance, reemergence from latent infecti ...201728484042
when a patient suspected with juvenile idiopathic arthritis turns out to be diagnosed with an infectious disease - a review of lyme arthritis in children.the lyme arthritis is a common manifestation of infection with borrelia burgdorferi spirochete. despite its infectious background, the inflammation clinically and histopatologically resembles juvenile idiopathic arthritis. as it affects a considerable number of lyme disease patients, it should be routinely considered in differential diagnosis. development of arthritis is partially dependent on spirochetal factors, including the ribosomal spacer type and the sequence of outer surface protein c. i ...201728482848
unusual manifestation of neuroboreliosis (case report).the paper reported the verified case of neuroboreliosis with unusual clinical presentation of parkinsonism. study aimed at establishing the significance of a precise differential diagnosis with substantial analysis of the symptoms of several diseases to avoid the false diagnosis and to conduct the opportune and adequate therapeutic management. we described the case of the diagnosed neuroboreliosis with clinical expression of multiple sclerosis (ms) and parkinsonism. a 44 years old man was diagno ...201728480854
geographic expansion of lyme disease in michigan, 2000-2014.most lyme disease cases in the midwestern united states are reported in minnesota and wisconsin. in recent years, however, a widening geographic extent of lyme disease has been noted with evidence of expansion eastwards into michigan and neighboring states with historically low incidence rates.201728480261
investigation of ospc expression variation among borrelia burgdorferi strains.outer surface protein c (ospc) is the most studied major virulence factor of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. the level of ospc varies dramatically among b. burgdorferi strains when cultured in vitro, but little is known about what causes such variation. it has been proposed that the difference in endogenous plasmid contents among strains contribute to variation in ospc phenotype, as b. burgdorferi contains more than 21 endogenous linear (lp) and circular plasmids (cp), ...201728473966
cerebrovascular manifestations of lyme neuroborreliosis-a systematic review of published cases.lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb) is a disease caused by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, involving the nervous system. it usually manifests as lymphocytic meningoradiculitis, but in rare cases, it can also lead to cerebrovascular complications. we aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported cases of lnb complicated by central nervous system vasculitis and stroke or transient ischemic attack (tia).201728473801
full-thickness macular hole: a rare complication of borrelia burgdorferi neuroretinitis.borrelia burgdorferi is a known infective cause of neuroretinitis. we present a case of b burgdorferi neuroretinitis complicated by macular hole in a 22-year-old man. the neuroretinitis was managed with early high-dose intravenous corticosteroid and oral antibiotic. the macular hole was managed with macular hole surgery after intraocular inflammation had resolved.201728473358
[clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of lyme borreliosis].lyme borreliosis is an infection caused by the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks in denmark. it can manifest itself in several different forms of which erythema migrans is the most common and is diagnosed by clinical assessment of the characteristic erythema. laboratory support for the clinical diagnosis of other manifestations rests on the measurement of borrelia-specific antibodies. treatment is straight-forward with antibiotics such as penicillin. ...201728473022
a bayesian spatio-temporal model for forecasting the prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, causative agent of lyme disease, in domestic dogs within the contiguous united states.this paper models the prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in domestic dogs in the united states using climate, geographic, and societal factors. we then use this model to forecast the prevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs for 2016. the data available for this study consists of 11,937,925 b. burgdorferi serologic test results collected at the county level within the 48 contiguous united states from 2011-2015. using the serologic data, a baseline b. burgdorferi antibody p ...201728472096
borrelia burgdorferi-specific iga in lyme disease.the laboratory diagnosis of lyme disease is currently dependent on the detection of igm and igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of the disease. the significance of serum iga against b. burgdorferi remains unclear. the production of intrathecal iga has been noted in patients with the late lyme disease manifestation, neuroborreliosis, but production of antigen-specific iga during early disease has not been evaluated. in the current study, we assessed serum iga binding ...201728457619
borrelia burgdorferi bbi39 paralogs, targets of protective immunity, reduce pathogen persistence either in hosts or in the vector.borrelia burgdorferi genome harbors several paralogous gene families (pgf) that can encode immunogenic proteins of unknown function. protein-protein interaction assays using a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate, bba52, as bait identified an interacting partner in spirochetes-a member of pgf 54, annotated as bbi39. we show that bbi39 is a surface-exposed membrane antigen that is immunogenic during spirochete infection, despite the gene being primarily transcribed in the vector with a transie ...201728453837
prevalence and geographic distribution of vector-borne pathogens in apparently healthy dogs in croatia.vector-borne pathogens (vbps) are a group of globally extended and quickly spreading pathogens that are transmitted by various arthropod vectors. the aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence against babesia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and ehrlichia canis in dogs in croatia. we investigated 435 randomly selected apparently healthy dogs in 13 different locations of croatia for antibodies to b. ca ...201728448211
isolation of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia mayonii from naturally infected rodents in minnesota.borrelia mayonii is a newly described member of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that is vectored by the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis say) and a cause of lyme disease in minnesota and wisconsin. vertebrate reservoir hosts involved in the enzootic maintenance of b. mayonii have not yet been identified. here, we describe the first isolation of b. mayonii from naturally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus rafinesque) and an american red squirrel (tamiasciurus hudsonic ...201728444198
pleomorphism and viability of the lyme disease pathogen borrelia burgdorferi exposed to physiological stress conditions: a correlative cryo-fluorescence and cryo-scanning electron microscopy study.to understand the response of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi exposed to stress conditions and assess the viability of this spirochete, we used a correlative cryo-fluorescence and cryo-scanning microscopy approach. this approach enables simple exposition of bacteria to various experimental conditions that can be stopped at certain time intervals by cryo-immobilization, examination of cell viability without necessity to maintain suitable culture conditions during viability assays ...201728443079
neuroretinitis as presenting and the only presentation of lyme disease: diagnosis and management.we present a case of neuroretinitis as presenting and the only presentation of lyme disease in a 25-year-old female who visited hilly areas in the himalayas of north india. she presented with right eye sudden and painless blurring of vision. her vision at presentation was 20/60. she had fundus examination; fundus fluorescein angiography (ffa) and optical coherence tomography (oct) imaging showed classical features of neuroretinitis. no other organ was involved. oral steroids were prescribed and ...201728440258
lyme disease ecology in a changing world: consensus, uncertainty and critical gaps for improving control.lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in temperate regions of north america, europe and asia, and the number of reported cases has increased in many regions as landscapes have been altered. although there has been extensive work on the ecology and epidemiology of this disease in both europe and north america, substantial uncertainty exists about fundamental aspects that determine spatial and temporal variation in both disease risk and human incidence, which hamper effective and effi ...201728438910
detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia miyamotoi, and powassan virus in ticks by a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay.ixodes scapularis ticks are implicated in transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus. we describe the establishment and implementation of the first multiplex real-time pcr assay with the capability to simultaneously detect and differentiate all five pathogens in a single reaction. the application of this assay for analysis of ticks at sites in new york and connecticut revealed a high prevalence of b. microti in ticks f ...201728435891
infectious agents is a risk factor for myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: a case control study.the etiology of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (mvd) is not fully understood and may depend on time or environmental factors for which the interaction of infectious agents has not been documented. the purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp), chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) on myxomatous mitral valve degeneration pathogenesis and establish whether increased in inflammation and collagen degradation in myxomatous mitral valve deg ...201728431520
[bilateral facial nerve palsy associated with epstein-barr virus infection in a 3-year-old boy].bilateral facial nerve palsy is a rare and sometimes difficult diagnosis. we describe a case of bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in a 3-year-old boy. several symptoms led to the diagnosis of ebv infection: the clinical situation (fever, stomachache, and throat infection), white blood cell count (5300/mm(3) with 70% lymphocyte count), seroconversion with ebv-specific antibodies, lymphocytic meningitis, and a positive blood ebv polymerase ...201728416425
liver microbiome of peromyscus leucopus, a key reservoir host species for emerging infectious diseases in north america.microbiome studies generally focus on the gut microbiome, which is composed of a large proportion of commensal bacteria. here we propose a first analysis of the liver microbiome using next generation sequencing as a tool to detect potentially pathogenic strains. we used peromyscus leucopus, the main reservoir host species of lyme disease in eastern north america, as a model and sequenced v5-v6 regions of the 16s gene from 18 populations in southern quebec (canada). the lactobacillus genus was fo ...201728412525
detection of anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. anibodies, and dirofilaria immitis antigens in dogs from seven locations of morocco.in morocco no data has been published on canine exposure to anaplasma spp., borrrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia spp., and only one report is available on the occurrence of dirofilaria immitis in dogs. therefore, the aim of this study was to collect current data on the canine exposure to these vector-borne pathogens (vbps) in morocco. a total of 217 urban (n=57), rural (n=110) and military (n=50) dogs from seven moroccan locations were screened for anaplasma spp., b. burgdorferi and ehrlichia sp ...201728410950
lyme disease: a case report with typical and atypical lesions.lyme disease is a multisystem infectious disease caused by the spirochete "borrelia burgdorferi," which is transmitted by "ixodes" tick, with skin being the most common and earliest organ to be affected. diagnosis of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), which is the characteristic lesion of early disease, may help in early treatment and prevention of complications. here, we are reporting a case of lyme disease in a 10-year-old young boy from a non-endemic zone of himachal pradesh, who presented wit ...201728405553
acquisition of borrelia burgdorferi infection by larval ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) associated with engorgement measures.measuring rates of acquisition of the lyme disease pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner, by the larval stage of ixodes scapularis say is a useful tool for xenodiagnoses of b. burgdorferi in vertebrate hosts. in the nymphal and adult stages of i. scapularis, the duration of attachment to hosts has been shown to predict both body engorgement during blood feeding and the timing of infection with b. burgdorferi. however, these relationships have not ...201728399208
plasmodium spp. and borrelia burgdorferi co-infection associated with antiphospholipid syndrome in a returned traveler: a case report.the differential diagnosis of fever in a returned traveler is wide and challenging. we present a case of a patient working in africa, who returned with fever, constitutional symptoms, headache, and blurred vision. an initial diagnosis of malaria was made, and additional workup revealed borrelia burgdorferi co-infection and antiphospholipid syndrome.201728396771
plasma fibronectin stabilizes borrelia burgdorferi-endothelial interactions under vascular shear stress by a catch-bond mechanism.bacterial dissemination via the cardiovascular system is the most common cause of infection mortality. a key step in dissemination is bacterial interaction with endothelia lining blood vessels, which is physically challenging because of the shear stress generated by blood flow. association of host cells such as leukocytes and platelets with endothelia under vascular shear stress requires mechanically specialized interaction mechanisms, including force-strengthened catch bonds. however, the biome ...201728396443
morgellons disease.morgellons disease is a rare disease with unknown etiology. herein, we report the first case of morgellons disease in korea. a 30-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of pruritic erythematous patches and erosions on the arms, hands, and chin. she insisted that she had fiber-like materials under her skin, which she had observed through a magnifying device. we performed skin biopsy, and observed a fiber extruding from the dermal side of the specimen. histopathological examination showed ...201728392653
in situ structural analysis of the spirochetal flagellar motor by cryo-electron tomography.the bacterial flagellar motor is a large multi-component molecular machine. structural determination of such a large complex is often challenging and requires extensive structural analysis in situ. cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) has emerged as a powerful technique that enables us to visualize intact flagellar motors in cells with unprecedented details. here, we detail the procedure beginning with sample preparation, followed by data acquisition, tomographic reconstruction, sub-tomogram analy ...201728389958
three cases of early-stage localised lyme disease. 201728387204
was it authentic lyme disease or some other disorder?we compared the evidence presented recently that challenges the long-standing belief that, in 1922, two french physicians reported the first case of neurological lyme disease with a further analysis of the original findings that were translated and re-published in 1993. alternative possibilities are offered that could explain these discrepant interpretations on what was considered to be a landmark clinical case of historical significance.201728369369
evaluation of biomérieux's dissociated vidas lyme igm ii and igg ii as a first-tier diagnostic assay for lyme disease.the recommended laboratory diagnostic approach for lyme disease is a standard two-tiered testing (sttt) algorithm where the first tier is typically an enzyme immunoassay (eia) that if positive or equivocal is reflexed to western immunoblotting as the second tier. biomérieux manufactures one of the most commonly used first-tier eias in the united states, the combined igm/igg vidas test (lyt). recently, biomérieux launched its dissociated first-tier tests, the vidas lyme igm ii (lym) and igg ii (l ...201728330884
borrelia-primed and -infected mice deficient of interleukin-17 develop arthritis after neutralization of gamma-interferon.the immune mechanisms responsible for development of lyme arthritis are partially understood with interleukin-17 (il-17) and gamma-interferon (ifn-γ) playing a generally accepted role. elevated levels of il-17 and/or ifn-γ have been reported in samples from human lyme arthritis patients and experimental mice. in addition, il-17 and ifn-γ have been implicated in the onset of arthritis in borrelia-primed and -infected c57bl/6 mice. recently, we showed that il-17-deficient mice developed swelling a ...201728175297
a serosurvey of diseases of free-ranging gray wolves (canis lupus) in minnesota.we tested serum samples from 387 free-ranging wolves ( canis lupus ) from 2007 to 2013 for exposure to eight canid pathogens to establish baseline data on disease prevalence and spatial distribution in minnesota's wolf population. we found high exposure to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 (88% adults, 45% pups), canine parvovirus (82% adults, 24% pups), and lyme disease (76% adults, 39% pups). sixty-six percent of adults and 36% of pups exhibited exposure to the protozoan parasite neospora caninum . ...201728192048
prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in humans from a cuban village.lyme disease has not been officially reported in cuba. however, clinical cases have been serologically reported. seroprevalence survey of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto antibodies in humans in the country has not been conducted.201722358362
early disseminated lyme disease causing false positive serology for primary epstein-barr virus infection - report of 2 cases.false positive serology for lyme disease was reported in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. here we describe two patients with early-disseminated lyme disease who were misdiagnosed with infectious mononucleosis based on false positive tests for primary epstein-barr virus infection.201728379435
tuberculosis 'the great imitator': a usual disease with unusual presentations.a number of infectious diseases have been referred to by the phrase 'the great imitator', of which the oldest is syphilis; others include lyme disease, nocardiosis, etc. tuberculosis has been described as the second great imitator as it can imitate various other disease processes. an awareness of the atypical clinical manifestations of tuberculosis is important, especially in regions where tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem, such as india. extrapulmonary tuberculosis (ept ...201728166920
white matter diseases with radiologic-pathologic correlation.white matter diseases include a wide spectrum of disorders that have in common impairment of normal myelination, either by secondary destruction of previously myelinated structures (demyelinating processes) or by primary abnormalities of myelin formation (dysmyelinating processes). the pathogenesis of many white matter diseases remains poorly understood. demyelinating disorders are the object of this review and will be further divided into autoimmune, infectious, vascular, and toxic-metabolic pr ...201727618323
infection resistance and tolerance in peromyscus spp., natural reservoirs of microbes that are virulent for humans.the widely-distributed north american species peromyscus leucopus and p. maniculatus of cricetine rodents are, between them, important natural reservoirs for several zoonotic diseases of humans: lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, erhlichiosis, hard tickborne relapsing fever, powassan virus encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and plague. while these infections are frequently disabling and sometimes fatal for humans, the peromyscines display little pathology and ap ...201727381345
use of a tick-borne disease manual increases accuracy of tick identification among primary care providers in lyme disease endemic areas.given the high incidence of tick bites and tick-borne diseases in the united states, it is important for primary care providers to recognize common ticks and the pathogens they may transmit. if a patient has removed and saved an attached tick, identifying the tick helps guide clinical management and determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis for lyme disease is appropriate. to investigate providers' ability to recognize common ticks and the pathogens they may transmit, we asked 76 primary care pro ...201727916581
emerging borreliae - expanding beyond lyme borreliosis.lyme borreliosis (or lyme disease) has become a virtual household term to the exclusion of other forgotten, emerging or re-emerging borreliae. we review current knowledge regarding these other borreliae, exploring their ecology, epidemiology and pathological potential, for example, for the newly described b. mayonii. these bacteria range from tick-borne, relapsing fever-inducing strains detected in some soft ticks, such as b. mvumii, to those from bat ticks resembling b. turicatae. some of these ...201727523487
chronic lymphomonocytic meningoencephalitis, oligoarthritis and erythema nodosum: report of baggio-yoshinari syndrome of long and relapsing evolution.the brazilian human borreliosis, also known as baggio-yoshinari syndrome (bys), is a tickborne disease but whose ticks do not pertain to the ixodes ricinus complex. it is caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato microorganisms and resembles clinical and laboratory features of lyme disease (ld). bys is also distinguished from ld by its prolonged clinical evolution, with relapsing episodes and autoimmune dysfunction. we describe the case of a young female who, over one year, progressively present ...201724878862
a boy with a tight skin: borrelia-associated early-onset morphea.we present a case of a 16-year-old boy with morphea caused by borrelia burgdorferi. we re-emphasise an immunohistochemical method, focus floating microscopy (ffm), to detect borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes in tissue sections. focus floating microscopy (ffm) proved to be more sensitive than polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nearly equally specific.201724093617
cerebrospinal fluid t-regulatory cells recognize borrelia burgdorferi napa in chronic lyme borreliosis.the napa protein of b. burgdorferi is essential for the persistence of spirochetes in ticks. one of the most intriguing aspects of napa is its potential to interfere with the host immune system. here, we investigated the role of the acquired immune responses induced by napa in the cerebrospinal fluids (csf) of patients with chronic lyme borreliosis. we evaluated the cytokine profile induced in microglia cells and csf t cells following napa stimulation. we report here that napa induced a regulato ...201724355226
correlates of perceived health-related quality of life in post-treatment lyme encephalopathy.marked functional impairment has been reported by patients with post-treatment lyme disease syndrome (ptlds).201723845316
wegener's granulomatosis with cardiac involvement masquerading as lyme disease.cardiac conduction disease is an infrequent complication of wegener's granulomatosis (wg). we describe a case demonstrating an association between wg and complete atrioventricular dissociation. this manifestation was initially interpreted as lyme disease based on these cardiac findings, arthritis, myalgias and positive lyme serology. the clinical overlap between these disorders and the appropriate use of respective serologies is discussed.201714611118
overdiagnosis and overtreatment of lyme disease leads to inappropriate health service use. 201710084029
rnai reveals proteins for metabolism and protein processing associated with langat virus infection in ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) ise6 cells.tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfs) cause thousands of human cases of encephalitis worldwide each year, with some tbf infections progressing to hemorrhagic fever. tbfs are of medical and veterinary importance and strategies to reduce flavivirus transmission by the tick vector may have significant application. analyses of the proteome of ise6 cells derived from the black legged tick, ixodes scapularis infected with the tbf, langat virus (lgtv), have provided insights into proteins and cellular process ...201728086865
acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus-d68 infection in an otherwise healthy child.reporting new cases of enterovirus (ev)-d68-associated acute flaccid myelitis (afm) is essential to understand how the virus causes neurological damage and to characterize ev-d68 strains associated with afm.201728081720
bacterial serine protease htra as a promising new target for antimicrobial therapy?recent studies have demonstrated that the bacterial chaperone and serine protease high temperature requirement a (htra) is closely associated with the establishment and progression of several infectious diseases. htra activity enhances bacterial survival under stress conditions, but also has direct effects on functions of the cell adhesion protein e-cadherin and extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin and proteoglycans. although htra cannot be considered as a pathogenic factor per s ...201728069057
lyme disease risk in southern california: abiotic and environmental drivers of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with borrelia burgdorferi.tick-borne diseases, particularly lyme disease, are emerging across the northern hemisphere. in order to manage emerging diseases and predict where emergence will likely occur, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing the distribution, abundance and infection prevalence of vector species. in north america, lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease and is transmitted by blacklegged ticks. this study aimed to explore the abiotic and environmental drivers of density and infe ...201728057067
temperature-dependent srna transcriptome of the lyme disease spirochete.transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from its tick vector to a vertebrate host requires extensive reprogramming of gene expression. small regulatory rnas (srna) have emerged in the last decade as important regulators of bacterial gene expression. despite the widespread observation of srna-mediated gene regulation, only one srna has been characterized in the lyme disease spirochete b. burgdorferi. we employed an srna-specific deep-sequencing approach to identify the small rna transcriptome of b. ...201728056764
the therapeutic potential of targeting substance p/nk-1r interactions in inflammatory cns disorders.the inflammatory responses of resident central nervous system (cns) cells are now known to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of an array of infectious and sterile neuroinflammatory disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis (ms). regulating glial inflammatory responses in a timely manner is therefore critical in preserving normal cns functions. the neuropeptide substance p is produced at high levels within the ...201728101005
the therapeutic potential of targeting substance p/nk-1r interactions in inflammatory cns disorders.the inflammatory responses of resident central nervous system (cns) cells are now known to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of an array of infectious and sterile neuroinflammatory disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis (ms). regulating glial inflammatory responses in a timely manner is therefore critical in preserving normal cns functions. the neuropeptide substance p is produced at high levels within the ...201728101005
catestatin and vasostatin concentrations in healthy dogs.the neuroendocrine glycoprotein chromogranin a is a useful biomarker in humans for neuroendocrine tumors and stress. chromogranin a can be measured in both blood and saliva. the objective of this study was to investigate concentrations of and correlation between the chromogranin a epitopes catestatin and vasostatin in healthy dogs accustomed to the sample collection procedures. blood and saliva samples were collected from 10 research beagle dogs twice daily for 5 consecutive days, and from 33 pr ...201728049540
vcam-1 and icam-1 serum levels as markers of relapse in visceral leishmaniasis. 201728101315
isolation and cultivation of lyme disease spirochetes.the successful isolation and cultivation of lyme disease spirochetes traces its lineage to early attempts at cultivating relapsing fever borreliae. observations on the growth of lyme disease spirochetes under different in vitro conditions may yield important clues to both the metabolic characteristics of these newly discovered organisms and the pathogenesis of lyme disease.20176393604
european erythema migrans disease and related disorders.european erythema migrans disease, lymphocytoma, and acrodermatitis chronica are a group of disorders associated with the bite of ixodid ticks. these disorders are now thought to be due to a single, or closely related, ixodid tick spirochetes. european erythema migrans disease closely resembles lyme disease. serological evaluation may help to separate spirochetal lymphocytoma from other pseudolymphomas of nonspirochetal origin and from lymphoma. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, so far observ ...20176549090
saturable, high-avidity monocyte receptors for monomeric igg and fc fragments increase in sle and lyme disease.we have devised an assay for quantifying high-avidity fc receptors for monomeric igg on peripheral blood monocytes. in the development of a radiolabelled ligand for the assay, we found that fc fragments offer several advantages over 7s-igg. compared to the latter ligand, the fragments interacted more cleanly with a single high-avidity binding site, appeared to have easier access to this site, and, since they showed no binding to millipore filters, their use made possible a wash procedure that wa ...20176241857
lyme disease: a world-wide borreliosis. 20173067922
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