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[listeria monocytogenes meningitis in immunocompetent children: unpasteurized cheese likely cause of infection].listeria meningoencephalitis is a rare condition, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients. we present two cases of listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent children, with successful treatment with betalactam/aminoglycoside combination. unpasteurized cheese was postulated as the source of infection.201526436795
characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from human listeriosis cases in china. 201526421272
use of e-beam radiation to eliminate listeria monocytogenes from surface mould cheese.camembert and brie soft cheese varieties were subjected to e-beam irradiation as a sanitation treatment. the effects of treatments on microbiota and selected physicochemical properties were also studied. the absorbed doses required to meet the food safety objective (fso) according to eu and usda criteria for listeria monocytogenes were 1.27 and 2.59 kgy, respectively. the bacterial load, mainly lactic acid bacteria, was reduced by the treatment but injured cells were recovered during storage at ...201526415665
genetic diversity, virulence potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes recovered from different sources in india.listeria monocytogenes isolates (n = 36) recovered from human and animal clinical cases and foods from different geographical regions of india were characterized using multiplex pcr-based serotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity tests and antibiogram profiling. multiplex pcr-based serotyping distributed l. monocytogenes isolates into 3 serogroups, of which 91.67% belonged to 4b, 4d, 4e serogroup, followed by 5.56% to 1/2a, 3a and 2.78% to 1/2b, 3b s ...201526476275
outbreak of listeria monocytogenes in pheasants.listeria monocytogenes is capable of infecting almost all animals. however, outbreaks of listeriosis are infrequent in birds. this report describes an outbreak of listeriosis in a small pheasant (phasianus colchicus) breeder farm with more than 2,000 pheasants from hubei province of the people's republic of china. the affected flock consisted of adult and young birds. approximately 300 young birds and a few adult birds were found dead within a few days of the onset of clinical signs. twenty-five ...201526476090
antilisterial peptides released by enzymatic hydrolysis from grass carp proteins and activity on controlling l. monocytogenes inoculated in surimi noodle.the primary objective of this study was to prepare the antilisterial peptides by enzymatic (pepsin, trypsin, protamex, neutrase, flavourzyme, papain, alcalase, and acid protease) hydrolysis of grass carp proteins with various degree of hydrolysis. the second objective was to evaluate the antilisterial activity of grass carp proteins hydrolysates (gcph) at differnet levels in the surimi noodle samples with or without boiling treatment inoculated with 10(4) cfu/g of listeria monocytogenes for stor ...201526467537
behaviour of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 during the cheese making of traditional raw-milk cheeses from italian alps.the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 was studied during the manufacture and ripening of two traditional italian alps cheeses. each cheese type was manufactured in a pilot plan from raw cow milk (without the addition of starter cultures) artificially inoculated with l. monocytogenes and e. coli o157:h7 to a final concentration of about 4 log cfu/ml. the pathogens were enumerated throughout the cheese making and ripening processes to study their behaviour. when the ...201527800408
characterization of epidemic clones of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b isolated from humans and meat products in brazil.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and the 4b serotype is responsible for many cases of human listeriosis reported in brazil. several listeriosis outbreaks worldwide have involved a small number of well-defined clonal groups, designated as epidemic clones (ecs).201526409737
behavior of listeria monocytogenes in sliced ready-to-eat meat products packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere conditions.the objective of this research was to determine the behavior of listeria monocytogenes in three types of sliced ready-to-eat meat products packaged under vacuum or modified atmosphere conditions and stored at three temperatures. slices of about 25 g of chorizo (a fermented dry pork sausage), jamón (cured ham), and cecina (a salted, dried beef product) were inoculated with l. monocytogenes nctc 11994. slices were packaged in a vacuum or in a modified atmosphere (20% co2, 80% n2). after packaging, ...201526408140
effects of two application methods of plantaricin bm-1 on control of listeria monocytogenes and background spoilage bacteria in sliced vacuum-packaged cooked ham stored at 4°c.two application methods were used to investigate the effect of plantaricin bm-1 on the control of listeria monocytogenes and background spoilage bacteria in sliced vacuum-packaged cooked ham without the addition of any chemical preservatives, including sodium nitrite, during 35 days of storage at 4°c. regardless of the application method, plantaricin bm-1 treatment (320, 640, or 1,280 arbitrary units [au]/g of sliced cooked ham) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the survival of l. monocytogenes ( ...201526408132
prevalence and distribution of listeria monocytogenes inla alleles prone to phase variation and inla alleles with premature stop codon mutations among human, food, animal, and environmental isolates.in listeria monocytogenes, 18 mutations leading to premature stop codons (pmscs) in the virulence gene inla have been identified to date. while most of these mutations represent nucleotide substitutions, a frameshift deletion in a 5' seven-adenine homopolymeric tract (ht) in inla has also been reported. this ht may play a role in phase variation and was first identified among l. monocytogenes lineage ii ribotype dup-1039c isolates. in order to better understand the distribution of different inla ...201526407886
a physical/psychological and biological stress combine to enhance endoplasmic reticulum stress.the generation of an immune response against infectious and other foreign agents is substantially modified by allostatic load, which is increased with chemical, physical and/or psychological stressors. the physical/psychological stress from cold-restraint (cr) inhibits host defense against listeria monocytogenes (lm), due to early effects of the catecholamine norepinephrine (ne) from sympathetic nerves on β1-adrenoceptors (β1ar) of immune cells. although cr activates innate immunity within 2h, h ...201526391182
using uvc light-emitting diodes at wavelengths of 266 to 279 nanometers to inactivate foodborne pathogens and pasteurize sliced cheese.uvc light is a widely used sterilization technology. however, uv lamps have several limitations, including low activity at refrigeration temperatures, a long warm-up time, and risk of mercury exposure. uv-type lamps only emit light at 254 nm, so as an alternative, uv light-emitting diodes (uv-leds) which can produce the desired wavelengths have been developed. in this study, we validated the inactivation efficacy of uv-leds by wavelength and compared the results to those of conventional uv lamps ...201526386061
propofol increases host susceptibility to microbial infection by reducing subpopulations of mature immune effector cells at sites of infection.anesthetics are known to modulate host immune responses, but separating the variables of surgery from anesthesia when analyzing hospital acquired infections is often difficult. here, the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes (lm) was used to assess the impact of the common anesthetic propofol on host susceptibility to infection. brief sedation of mice with physiologically relevant concentrations of propofol increased bacterial burdens in target organs by more than 10,000-fold relative to inf ...201526381144
growth of listeria monocytogenes within a caramel-coated apple microenvironment.a 2014 multistate listeriosis outbreak was linked to consumption of caramel-coated apples, an unexpected and previously unreported vehicle for listeria monocytogenes. this outbreak was unanticipated because both the ph of apples (<4.0) and the water activity of the caramel coating (<0.80) are too low to support listeria growth. in this study, granny smith apples were inoculated with approximately 4 log10 cfu of l. monocytogenes (a cocktail of serotype 4b strains associated with the outbreak) on ...201526463161
nosocomial neonatal listeria monocytogenes transmission by stethoscope. 201526376314
polymer-based microfluidic chip for rapid and efficient immunomagnetic capture and release of listeria monocytogenes.infections caused by foodborne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes pose a threat to public health while timely detection is challenging due to pathogen low numbers. the development of robust and efficient sample preparation techniques is crucial to improve detection sensitivity and workflow. immunomagnetic separation using magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) is attractive, as it can efficiently capture target cells. for food safety applications, a platform is needed to rapidly process large sampl ...201526346021
production of antilisterial bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria in dairy-based media: a comparative study.one hundred and eight strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were screened for bacteriocin production by the modified deferred antagonism and agar well diffusion methods. when the modified deferred antagonism method was employed, 82 lab strains showed inhibitory action against listeria monocytogenes v7 ½a, whereas 26 lab strains expressed no inhibition. only 12 lab strains exhibited inhibitory activity when the agar well diffusion method was used, 11 of which had been previously recognized as bac ...201526341641
estimation of listeria monocytogenes survival during thermoultrasonic treatments in non-isothermal conditions: effect of ultrasound on temperature and survival profiles.estimation of listeria monocytogenes survival during thermoultrasonic treatments in non-isothermal conditions was determined considering an increment from 45 to 70 °c, assessing the adequacy of predictions through experimental data obtained in laboratory media model systems. in order to characterize the sonication effect on the survival pattern, observed behavior was compared to that obtained when only thermal treatment was applied. a noticeable impact on l. monocytogenes survival in non-isother ...201526338125
bacteriophage cocktail significantly reduces or eliminates listeria monocytogenes contamination on lettuce, apples, cheese, smoked salmon and frozen foods.listshield™, a commercially available bacteriophage cocktail that specifically targets listeria monocytogenes, was evaluated as a bio-control agent for l. monocytogenes in various ready-to-eat foods. listshield™ treatment of experimentally contaminated lettuce, cheese, smoked salmon, and frozen entrèes significantly reduced (p < 0.05) l. monocytogenes contamination by 91% (1.1 log), 82% (0.7 log), 90% (1.0 log), and 99% (2.2 log), respectively. listshield™ application, alone or combined with an ...201526338115
erratum: increased spread and replication efficiency of listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) complex. 201526335249
antimicrobial poly(lactic acid)-based nanofibres developed by solution blow spinning.the present study reports on the development of hybrid poly(lactic acid) (pla) fibres loaded with highly crystalline bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (bcnw) by the novel solution blow spinning method. furthermore, fibres with antimicrobial properties were generated by incorporating carvacrol and thc as antimicrobial agents and the biocide effect against listeria monocytogenes was studied. initially, pla blow spun fibres containing bcnw were optimized in terms of morphology and thermal properties ...201526328414
behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in artisanal raw milk pecorino umbro cheese: a microbiological challenge test.in the present study, a microbiological challenge test in artificially contaminated raw milk pecorino umbro cheese during cheese-making was carried out. raw ewe milk was contaminated by a suspension of particular listeria monocytogenes strains. the number of l. monocytogenes and l. monocytogenes dynamic growth were evaluated during cheese-making and storage. a significant decrease of the viable count of l. monocytogenes was observed during ripening and l. monocytogenes viable count was below the ...201527800412
diversity of listeria monocytogenes within a u.s. dairy herd, 2004-2010.listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is frequently isolated from the environment. dairy cows and dairy farm environments are reservoirs of this pathogen, where fecal shedding contributes to its environmental dispersal and contamination of milk, dairy products, and meat. the molecular diversity of 40 l. monocytogenes isolates representing 3 serogroups (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) collected between 2004 and 2010 from the feces of dairy cattle on a single dairy farm was assessed usin ...201526325149
chloroxyanion residue quantification in cantaloupes treated with chlorine dioxide gas.previous studies show that treatment of cantaloupes with chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas at 5 mg/liter for 10 min results in a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in initial microflora, an increase in shelf life without any alteration in color, and a 4.6- and 4.3-log reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes, respectively. however, this treatment could result in the presence of chloroxyanion residues, such as chloride (cl(-)), chlorite (clo2(-)), chlorate (clo3(-)), and perchlora ...201526319725
modeling the effect of storage temperatures on the growth of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat ham and sausage.the aim of this study was to model the growth kinetics of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat ham and sausage at different temperatures (4 to 35°c). the observed data fitted well with four primary models (baranyi, modified gompertz, logistic, and huang) with high coefficients of determination (r(2) > 0.98) at all measured temperatures. after the mean square error (0.009 to 0.051), bias factors (0.99 to1.06), and accuracy factors (1.01 to 1.09) were obtained in all models, the square root and ...201526319721
putative cross-contamination routes of listeria monocytogenes in a meat processing facility in romania.putative routes of listeria monocytogenes contamination, based on the workflow of the employees, were studied in a meat processing facility by investigating 226 samples collected from food contact surfaces, non-food contact surfaces, raw materials, and ready-to-eat meat products on four occasions over a 1-year period. in total, 19.7% of non-food contact surfaces, 22.9% of food contact surfaces, 45% of raw materials, and 20% of ready-to-eat meat products were positive for l. monocytogenes (analyz ...201526319720
effect of alginate coatings with cinnamon bark oil and soybean oil on quality and microbiological safety of cantaloupe.the quality and microbiological safety of cantaloupes can potentially be improved using antimicrobial coatings that are able to maintain effectiveness throughout storage. the objective of this work was to study the effect of coating mixtures containing sodium alginate and cinnamon bark oil (cbo) on the quality of cantaloupes and the survival of inoculated bacterial pathogens and naturally occurring yeasts and molds during ambient storage at 21 °c. cantaloupes were dipped in mixtures containing 1 ...201526318410
listeria monocytogenes prevalence and characteristics in retail raw foods in china.the prevalence and levels of listeria monocytogenes in retail raw foods covering most provincial capitals in china were studied with testing of 1036 samples of vegetables, edible mushrooms, raw meat, aquatic products and quick-frozen products from september 2012 to january 2014. the total prevalence of listeria monocytogenes was 20.0% (207/1036), and the most probable number (mpn) values of 65.7% of the positive samples ranged from 0.3 to 110 mpn/g. geographical differences were observed in this ...201526317852
rhombencephalitis by listeria monocytogens in two diabetic patients.brainstem involvement is a characteristic feature and accounts for the high mortality associated with listeriosis especially in immunosuppressed patients. we report two cases of rhombencephalitis infection by listeria monocytogenes in a 65 and 63-year-old men with diabetes. they were referred to a neurologist due to fever and drowsiness after 3 weeks. the 65-year-old man had vertigo, diplopia, ataxia, bidirectional nystagmus and the 63-year-old man complained of perioral numbness, dysphagia and ...201526317605
pi3kδ regulates the magnitude of cd8+ t cell responses after challenge with listeria monocytogenes.pi3ks regulate diverse immune cell functions by transmitting intracellular signals from ag, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors to control cell division, differentiation, survival, and migration. in this study, we report the effect of inhibiting the p110δ subunit of pi3kδ on cd8(+) t cell responses to infection with the intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes. a strong dependency on pi3kδ for ifn-γ production by cd8(+) t cells in vitro was not recapitulated after listeria infec ...201526311905
it is not all about single nucleotide polymorphisms: comparison of mobile genetic elements and deletions in listeria monocytogenes genomes links cases of hospital-acquired listeriosis to the environmental source.the control of food-borne outbreaks caused by listeria monocytogenes in humans relies on the timely identification of food or environmental sources and the differentiation of outbreak-related isolates from unrelated ones. this study illustrates the utility of whole-genome sequencing for examining the link between clinical and environmental isolates of l. monocytogenes associated with an outbreak of hospital-acquired listeriosis in sydney, australia. comparative genomic analysis confirmed an epid ...201526311854
evaluation of two loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for the detection of salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes in artificially contaminated ready-to-eat fresh produce.in the present study, the effectiveness of two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays was evaluated. samples of romaine lettuce, strawberries, cherry tomatoes, green onions and sour berries were inoculated with known dilutions (10(0)-10(8) cfu/g of produce) of s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes. with lamp, assay pathogens can be detected in less than 60 min. the limits of detection of s. enteritidis and l. monocytogenes depended on the food sample tested and on the presence of enr ...201527800413
a comparison analysis of listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from chicken carcasses and human by using rapd pcr.chicken meat is a valuable source of protein and consumption of it continues to rise day to day. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic homogeneity of listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) isolates obtained from chicken carcasses and human. random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr with three different primers were used to analyze the 31 l. monocytogenes isolates recovered from human and chicken carcasses. primers were d8635, hlwl74, and opm01. scanned images of ra ...201526309714
influence of ph on bile sensitivity amongst various strains of listeria monocytogenes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.listeria monocytogenes is a dangerous bacterium that causes the food-borne disease listeriosis and accounts for nearly 20% of food-borne deaths. this organism can survive the body's natural defences within the digestive tract, including acidic conditions and bile. although the bile response has been analysed, limited information is available concerning the ability of l. monocytogenes to resist bile under anaerobic conditions, especially at acidic ph, which mimics conditions within the duodenum. ...201526307079
sly1 regulates t-cell proliferation during listeria monocytogenes infection in a foxo1-dependent manner.infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes results in a strong t-cell response that is critical for an efficient defense. here, we demonstrate that the adapter protein sly1 (sh3-domain protein expressed in lymphocytes 1) is essential for the generation of a fully functional t-cell response. the lack of sly1 leads to reduced survival rates of infected mice. the increased susceptibility of sly1 knock-out (ko) mice was caused by reduced proliferation of differentiated t cells. ex vivo analyses o ...201526306874
quantification of listeria monocytogenes cells with digital pcr and their biofilm cells with real-time pcr.the purpose of this study was to develop a pcr-based method for quantification of listeria monocytogenes adhesion in microtitre plates. we optimized isolation of dna in the microtitre plates using cell lysis, ultrasound treatment, heating, and centrifugation of the lysate. digital pcr was applied for quantification of l. monocytogenes dna that was used for construction of the standard curve, and real-time pcr was used for quantification of the attached l. monocytogenes cells. this pcr-based meth ...201526304835
directly observing the lipid-dependent self-assembly and pore-forming mechanism of the cytolytic toxin listeriolysin o.listeriolysin o (llo) is the major virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes and a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family. gram-positive pathogenic bacteria produce water-soluble cdc monomers that bind cholesterol-dependent to the lipid membrane of the attacked cell or of the phagosome, oligomerize into prepores, and insert into the membrane to form transmembrane pores. however, the mechanisms guiding llo toward pore formation are poorly understood. using electron microscopy ...201526302195
designer probiotics: development and applications in gastrointestinal health.given the increasing commercial and clinical relevance of probiotics, improving their stress tolerance profile and ability to overcome the physiochemical defences of the host is an important biological goal. herein, i review the current state of the art in the design of engineered probiotic cultures, with a specific focus on their utility as therapeutics for the developing world; from the treatment of chronic and acute enteric infections, and their associated diarrhoeal complexes, to targeting h ...201526301121
identification of listeria spp. strains isolated from meat products and meat production plants by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by listeria monocytogenes and is considered as a serious health problem, due to the severity of symptoms and the high mortality rate. recently, other listeria species have been associated with disease in human and animals. the aim of this study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to simultaneously detect six listeria species (l. grayi, l. welshimeri, l. ivanovii, l. monocytogenes, l. seeligeri, l. innocua) in a single reac ...201527800422
dietary effects of oregano (origanum vulgaris l.) plant or sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) wood extracts on microbiological, chemico-physical characteristics and lipid oxidation of cooked ham during storage.the aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of feeding pigs with diets enriched with sweet chestnut wood (castanea sativa mill.) or oregano (origanum vulgaris l.) extract on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of cooked pork ham. three groups of 10 pigs were fed with a control diet (ctrl), with the ctrl diet enriched with 0.2% of oregano extract (or) and with the ctrl diet enriched with 0.2% of sweet chestnut wood extract (scw), respectively. six cooked hams per group w ...201527800421
bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options.the outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. in community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. in comatose p ...201526293166
sonorensin: a new bacteriocin with potential of an anti-biofilm agent and a food biopreservative.the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has led to exploration of alternative therapeutic agents such as ribosomally synthesized bacterial peptides known as bacteriocins. biofilms, which are microbial communities that cause serious chronic infections, form environments that enhance antimicrobial resistance. bacteria in biofilm can be upto thousand times more resistant to antibiotics than the same bacteria circulating in a planktonic state. in this study, sonorensin, predicted to belong to ...201526292786
evaluating the effect of copper nanoparticles in inhibiting pseudomonas aeruginosa and listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation.biofilm formation is a major virulence factor in different bacteria. biofilms allow bacteria to resist treatment with antibacterial agents. the biofilm formation on glass and steel surfaces, which are extremely useful surfaces in food industries and medical devices, has always had an important role in the distribution and transmission of infectious diseases.201526290685
the padr-like transcriptional regulator lftr ensures efficient invasion of listeria monocytogenes into human host cells.invasion of the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes into human host cells requires specialized surface molecules for attachment and induction of phagocytosis. however, efficient invasion is also dependent on factors with house-keeping functions, such as seca2-dependent secretion of autolysins for post-divisional segregation of daughter cells. mutations in this pathway prevent degradation of peptidoglycan cross-walls, so that long cell chains are formed that cannot be phagocytosed. the extr ...201526284051
experimental design for the optimization of propidium monoazide treatment to quantify viable and non-viable bacteria in piggery effluents.distinguishing between viable and dead bacteria in animal and urban effluents is a major challenge. among existing methods, propidium monoazide (pma)-qpcr is a promising way to quantify viable cells. however, its efficiency depends on the composition of the effluent, particularly on total suspended solids (tss)) and on methodological parameters. the aim of this study was evaluate the influence of three methodological factors (concentration of pma, incubation time and photoactivation time) on the ...201526276157
effect of rosemary essential oil and modified-atmosphere packaging (map) on meat quality and survival of pathogens in poultry fillets.the effect of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.) essential oil (reo) and modified-atmosphere packaging (map) on the survival of certain pathogens (salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes) in poultry fillets and on their meat quality during 7 days of refrigerated storage were investigated. because reo at 0.05% and 0.1% had weak antibacterial activity and reo at 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% imparted unacceptable organoleptic properties, only reo at 0.2% was used to treat the poultry meat. the r ...201526273279
evaluation of 3m™ molecular detection assay (mda) listeria for the detection of listeria species in selected foods and environmental surfaces: collaborative study, first action 2014.06.the 3m™ molecular detection assay (mda) listeria is used with the 3m molecular detection system for the detection of listeria species in food, food-related, and environmental samples after enrichment. the assay utilizes loop-mediated isothermal amplification to rapidly amplify listeria target dna with high specificity and sensitivity, combined with bioluminescence to detect the amplification. the 3m mda listeria method was evaluated using an unpaired study design in a multilaboratory collaborati ...201526268982
evaluation of 3m™ molecular detection assay (mda) listeria monocytogenes for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in selected foods and environmental surfaces: collaborative study, first action 2014.07.the 3m™ molecular detection assay (mda) listeria monocytogenes combines isothermal amplification and bioluminescence to detect listeria monocytogenes with high specificity and efficiency in select foods and environmental samples. the 3m mda listeria monocytogenes method was evaluated using an unpaired study design in a multilaboratory collaborative study to the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service microbiology laboratory guidebook 8.09 (2011) isolation and identific ...201526268981
nosocomial empyema caused by a rare serotype, serotype 4c, of listeria monocytogenes in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic kidney disease: a case report and review of the literature.the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes presents characteristically as meningoencephalitis and bacteremia. herein, we report an extremely rare case of empyema caused by serotype 4c l. monocytogenes in an immunocompromised patient. this case supports the inclusion of l. monocytogenes infection in the differential diagnosis of empyema in an immunocompromised patient.201526268455
metallothionein differentially affects the host response to listeria infection both with and without an additional stress from cold-restraint.acute stress alters anti-bacterial defenses, but the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying this association are not yet well understood. metallothionein (mt), a cysteine-rich protein, is a stress response protein that is induced by a variety of chemical, biological, and psychological stressors, and mt has been shown to influence immune activities. we investigated mt's role in the management of anti-bacterial responses that occur during stress, using a c57bl/6 (b6) strain that has targeted dis ...201526267326
the effect of short-time microwave exposures on listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto chicken meat portions.listeria monocytogenes can be found throughout the environment and in many foods. it is associated primarily with meat and animal products. listeria monocytogenes has become increasingly important as a food-borne pathogen. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave (mw) treatment of chicken meat samples which were inoculated with l. monocytogenes. drumettes of broiler carcasses were soaked in fully growth of l. monocytogenes in brain-heart infusion broth. the swab samples were ...201526261715
isg15 counteracts listeria monocytogenes infection.isg15 is an interferon-stimulated, linear di-ubiquitin-like protein, with anti-viral activity. the role of isg15 during bacterial infection remains elusive. we show that isg15 expression in nonphagocytic cells is dramatically induced upon listeria infection. surprisingly this induction can be type i interferon independent and depends on the cytosolic surveillance pathway, which senses bacterial dna and signals through sting, tbk1, irf3 and irf7. most importantly, we observed that isg15 expressio ...201526259872
estimates of foodborne illness-related hospitalizations and deaths in canada for 30 specified pathogens and unspecified agents.foodborne illness estimates help to set food safety priorities and create public health policies. the public health agency of canada estimates that 4 million episodes of foodborne illness occur each year in canada due to 30 known pathogens and unspecified agents. the main objective of this study was to estimate the number of domestically acquired foodborne illness-related hospitalizations and deaths. using the estimates of foodborne illness for canada along with data from the canadian hospitaliz ...201526259128
multi-province listeriosis outbreak linked to contaminated deli meat consumed primarily in institutional settings, canada, 2008.a multi-province outbreak of listeriosis occurred in canada from june to november 2008. fifty-seven persons were infected with 1 of 3 similar outbreak strains defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 24 (42%) individuals died. forty-one (72%) of 57 individuals were residents of long-term care facilities or hospital inpatients during their exposure period. descriptive epidemiology, product traceback, and detection of the outbreak strains of listeria monocytogenes in food samples and the p ...201526258258
the evolution and epidemiology of listeria monocytogenes in europe and the united states.listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a disease associated with high mortality rates. l. monocytogenes causes invasive syndromes and case-fatality can be as high as 30%, in specific high-risk population groups such as the elderly, immuno-compromised individuals, fetuses and newborns. acquisition of the disease is mainly due to consumption of contaminated (predominantly ready-to-eat) food. we aimed to provide a state-of-the-art collection of d ...201526254574
phylogenomic grouping of listeria monocytogenes.the precise delineation of lineages and clonal groups are a prerequisite to examine within-species genetic variations, particularly with respect to pathogenic potential. a whole-genome-based approach was used to subtype and subgroup isolates of listeria monocytogenes. core-genome typing was performed, employing 3 different approaches: total core genes (cg), high-scoring segment pairs (hsps), and average nucleotide identity (ani). examination of 113 l. monocytogenes genomes available in-house and ...201526245135
eradication of high viable loads of listeria monocytogenes contaminating food-contact surfaces.this study demonstrates the efficacy of cold gaseous ozone treatments at low concentrations in the eradication of high listeria monocytogenes viable cell loads from glass, polypropylene, stainless steel, and expanded polystyrene food-contact surfaces. using a step by step approach, involving the selection of the most resistant strain-surface combinations, 11 listeria sp. strains resulted inactivated by a continuous ozone flow at 1.07 mg m(-3) after 24 or 48 h of cold incubation, depending on bot ...201526236306
reconstituting the actin cytoskeleton at or near surfaces in vitro.actin filament dynamics have been studied for decades in pure protein solutions or in cell extracts, but a breakthrough in the field occurred at the turn of the century when it became possible to reconstitute networks of actin filaments, growing in a controlled but physiological manner on surfaces, mimicking the actin assembly that occurs at the plasma membrane during cell protrusion and cell shape changes. the story begins with the bacteria listeria monocytogenes, the study of which led to the ...201526235437
pregnancy - associated human listeriosis: virulence and genotypic analysis of listeria monocytogenes from clinical samples.listeria monocytogenes, a life-threatening pathogen, poses severe risk during pregnancy, may cause abortion, fetal death or neonatal morbidity in terms of septicemia and meningitis. the present study aimed at characterizing l. monocytogenes isolated from pregnant women based on serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, in vivo pathogenicity test and eric- and rep-pcr fingerprint analyses. the results revealed that out of 3700 human clinical samples, a total of 30 (0.81%) isolates [ ...201526231373
short branched-chain c6 carboxylic acids result in increased growth, novel 'unnatural' fatty acids and increased membrane fluidity in a listeria monocytogenes branched-chain fatty acid-deficient mutant.listeria monocytogenes is a psychrotolerant food borne pathogen, responsible for the high fatality disease listeriosis, and expensive food product recalls. branched-chain fatty acids (bcfas) of the membrane play a critical role in providing appropriate membrane fluidity and optimum membrane biophysics. the fatty acid composition of a bcfa-deficient mutant is characterized by high amounts of straight-chain fatty acids and even-numbered iso fatty acids, in contrast to the parent strain where odd-n ...201526225744
clonogrouping, a rapid multiplex pcr method for identification of major clones of listeria monocytogenes.three multiplex pcr assays were developed to identify the 11 most common listeria monocytogenes clones in clinical and food samples; 270 (95.7%) of 282 strains of serogroups ivb, iib, iia, and iic were identified accurately. this novel tool is a rapid and efficient alternative to multilocus sequence typing for identification of l. monocytogenes clones.201526224848
contribution of endemic listeriosis to spontaneous abortion and stillbirth in a large outdoor-housed colony of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).listeria monocytogenes is an endemic agent in the primate population at the california national primate research center and has been associated with both sporadic cases and a general outbreak of pregnancy failures. the primary objective of this study was to verify the incidence of l. monocytogenes-associated abortion and fetal deaths in the center's outdoor breeding colony. in addition, we sought to compare the group of female macaques that presented with listeria-associated abortion with both t ...201526224440
different methods to quantify listeria monocytogenes biofilms cells showed different profile in their viability.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to adhere and to form biofilms in several materials commonly present in food processing plants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of listeria monocytogenes attached to abiotic surface, after treatment with sanitizers, by culture method, microscopy and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). biofilms of l. monocytogenes were obtained in stainless steel coupons immersed in brain heart infusion broth, under agit ...201526221112
differential gene expression of three gene targets among persistent and nonpersistent listeria monocytogenes strains in the presence or absence of benzethonium chloride.persistence of listeria monocytogenes strains in food processing environments remains relatively common but is difficult to control. understanding the basis for such persistence represents an important step in the potential control or eradication of this pathogen from these environments. in this study, reverse transcription pcr was used to determine the relative and absolute expression of selected gene targets (pocr, eutj, and qach) among five persistent and four presumed nonpersistent l. monocy ...201526219372
determination of the thermal inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 and non-o157 in buffer and a spinach homogenate.produce has been associated with a rising number of foodborne illness outbreaks. while much produce is consumed raw, some is treated with mild heat, such as blanching or cooking. the objectives of this research were to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7, and non-o157 stec in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; ph 7.2) and a spinach homogenate and to provide an estimate of the safety of mild h ...201526219359
supporting data for comparative proteomic analysis of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 exposed to a sublethal concentration of nisin.here we provide the lc-ms/ms data from a comparative analysis of listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644 treated and non-treated with a sublethal concentration of nisin (10(-3) mg/ml). protein samples were analyzed by multidimensional protein identification technology (mudpit) approach, in an off-line configuration. the raw ms/ms data allowed the detection of 49,591 spectra which resulted in 576 protein identifications. after scaffold validation, 179 proteins were identified with high confidence. a lab ...201526217729
human lymphocytic b-leukemia cell line treatment with the bacterial toxin listeriolysin o and rituximab (anti-cd20 antibody): effects of similar localization of their receptors.small b-cell lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which typically affects elderly people, is a group of conditions that are not clinically uniform. it has been suggested that using the combined activity of the monoclonal antibody anti-cd20 (rituximab) and listeria monocytogenes toxin listeriolysin o (llo) for this condition could produce an enhanced treatment effect. here, we tested the effect of the joint activity of rituximab and llo, which is a cell membrane toxin, in human leuk ...201526216910
mechanistic model coupling gas exchange dynamics and listeria monocytogenes growth in modified atmosphere packaging of non respiring food.a mechanistic model coupling o2 and co2 mass transfer (namely diffusion and solubilisation in the food itself and permeation through the packaging material) to microbial growth models was developed aiming at predicting the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaging (map) systems. it was experimentally validated on a non-respiring food by investigating concomitantly the o2/co2 partial pressure in packaging headspace and the growth of listeria monocytogenes (average microbial count) within the fo ...201526187845
combined effects of thermosonication and slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the microbial quality and shelf life extension of fresh-cut kale during refrigeration storage.this study evaluated the efficacy of thermosonication combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (sacew) on the shelf life extension of fresh-cut kale during storage at 4 and 7 °c. each kale (10 ± 0.2 g) was inoculated to contain approximately 6 log cfu/g of listeria monocytogenes. each inoculated or uninoculated samples was dip treated at 40 °c for 3 min with deionized water, thermosonication (400 w/l), sacew (5 mg/l), sodium chlorite (sc; 100 mg/l), sodium hypochlorite (sh; 100 mg/l), an ...201526187840
microbiological assessment along the fish production chain of the norwegian pelagic fisheries sector--results from a spot sampling programme.microbes play an important role in the degradation of fish products, thus better knowledge of the microbiological conditions throughout the fish production chain may help to optimise product quality and resource utilisation. this paper presents the results of a ten-year spot sampling programme (2005-2014) of the commercially most important pelagic fish species harvested in norway. fish-, surface-, and storage water samples were collected from fishing vessels and processing factories. totally 1,1 ...201526187839
control of listeria species food safety at a poultry food production facility.surveillance and control of food-borne human pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes, is a critical aspect of modern food safety programs at food production facilities. this study evaluated contamination patterns of listeria species at a poultry food production facility, and evaluated the efficacy of procedures to control the contamination and transfer of the bacteria throughout the plant. the presence of listeria species was studied along the production chain, including raw ingredients, food- ...201526187831
cold plasma treatment for the microbiological safety of cabbage, lettuce, and dried figs.microwave-powered cold plasma treatment (cpt) was evaluated as a means to improve the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables and dried fruits. the cpt at 900 w, conducted for 10 min using nitrogen as a plasma-forming gas, inactivated salmonella typhimurium inoculated on cabbage and lettuce by approximately 1.5 log cfu/g. the cpt at 400-900 w and 667 pa, conducted for 1-10 min using a helium-oxygen gas mixture, inactivated listeria monocytogenes on cabbage by 0.3-2.1 log cfu/g in a time-depen ...201526187830
comparative genomics of listeria sensu lato: genus-wide differences in evolutionary dynamics and the progressive gain of complex, potentially pathogenicity-related traits through lateral gene transfer.historically, genome-wide and molecular characterization of the genus listeria has concentrated on the important human pathogen listeria monocytogenes and a small number of closely related species, together termed listeria sensu strictu. more recently, a number of genome sequences for more basal, and nonpathogenic, members of the listeria genus have become available, facilitating a wider perspective on the evolution of pathogenicity and genome level evolutionary dynamics within the entire genus ...201526185097
cutting edge: a natural antisense transcript, as-il1α, controls inducible transcription of the proinflammatory cytokine il-1α.natural antisense transcripts (nats) are a class of long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) that are complementary to other protein-coding genes. although thousands of nats are encoded by mammalian genomes, their functions in innate immunity are unknown. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel nat, as-il1α, which is partially complementary to il-1α. similar to il-1α, as-il1α is expressed at low levels in resting macrophages and is induced following infection with listeria monocytogenes or s ...201526179904
prfa regulation offsets the cost of listeria virulence outside the host.virulence traits are essential for pathogen fitness, but whether they affect microbial performance in the environment, where they are not needed, remains experimentally unconfirmed. we investigated this question with the facultative pathogen listeria monocytogenes and its prfa virulence regulon. prfa-regulated genes are activated intracellularly (prfa 'on') but shut down outside the host (prfa 'off'). using a mutant prfa regulator locked on (prfa*) and thus causing prfa-controlled genes to be co ...201526178789
the multicopy srna lhrc controls expression of the oligopeptide-binding protein oppa in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne disease listeriosis. during infection, l. monocytogenes produces an array of non-coding rnas, including the multicopy srna lhrc. these five, nearly identical srnas are highly induced in response to cell envelope stress and target the virulence adhesin lapb at the post-transcriptional level. here, we demonstrate that lhrc controls expression of additional genes encoding cell envelope-associated proteins with virulence function. using ...201526176322
a sensitive impedance biosensor based on immunomagnetic separation and urease catalysis for rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes using an immobilization-free interdigitated array microelectrode.in this study, we described a novel impedance biosensor combining immunomagnetic separation with urease catalysis for sensitive detection of foodborne bacteria using listeria monocytogenes as model and an immobilization-free microelectrode as detector. the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were immobilized on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) with the diameter of 180 nm by biotin-streptavidin system for specifically and efficiently separating listeria cells from sample background. the ...201526176211
unusual presentation of listerial myocarditis and the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance.listeria monocytogenes is an infrequent cause of bacterial myocarditis. myocarditis without evidence of endocarditis is even rarer. management in such cases involves early diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, and emergency treatment of arrhythmias. we report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with features of acute st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular tachycardia that necessitated urgent electrical cardioversion. contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance im ...201526175642
application of a novel antimicrobial coating on roast beef for inactivation and inhibition of listeria monocytogenes during storage.the antilisterial efficacy of novel coating solutions made with organic acids, lauric arginate ester, and chitosan was evaluated in a three-stage study on inoculated roast beef for the first time. ready-to-eat roast beef was specially ordered from the manufacturer. the meat surface was inoculated with five-strain listeria monocytogenes cocktail inoculums at two different levels, ~3 and 6 log cfu/cm(2) and treated with the stock solution (hams), the 1:5 diluted solution (mams), and the 1:10 dilut ...201526173201
lamellipodin is important for cell-to-cell spread and actin-based motility in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen capable of invading a broad range of cell types and replicating within the host cell cytoplasm. this paper describes the colocalization of host cell lamellipodin (lpd) with intracellular l. monocytogenes detectable 6 h postinfection of epithelial cells. the association was mediated via interactions between both the peckstrin homology (ph) domain in lpd and phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate [pi(3,4)p2] on the bacterial surface and by interactio ...201526169271
fundamental characteristics of deep-uv light-emitting diodes and their application to control foodborne pathogens.low-pressure mercury uv (lp-uv) lamps have long been used for bacterial inactivation, but due to certain disadvantages, such as the possibility of mercury leakage, deep-uv-c light-emitting diodes (duv-leds) for disinfection have recently been of great interest as an alternative. therefore, in this study, we examined the basic spectral properties of duv-leds and the effects of uv-c irradiation for inactivating foodborne pathogens, including escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar ty ...201526162872
occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products and meat processing plants in spain.the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in several types of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products and in the environment of meat processing plants. a total of 129 samples of rte meat products and 110 samples from work surfaces and equipment were analyzed. l. monocytogenes was detected in 6 out of 35 cooked products (17.14%), 21 out of 57 raw-cured products (36.84%), and 9 out of 37 dry-cured, salted products (24.32%). the number of sample units that exceeded the foo ...201528231204
spontaneous restoration of transplantation tolerance after acute rejection.transplantation is a cure for end-stage organ failure but, in the absence of pharmacological immunosuppression, allogeneic organs are acutely rejected. such rejection invariably results in allosensitization and accelerated rejection of secondary donor-matched grafts. transplantation tolerance can be induced in animals and a subset of humans, and enables long-term acceptance of allografts without maintenance immunosuppression. however, graft rejection can occur long after a state of transplantati ...201526151823
age-related gene expression differences in monocytes from human neonates, young adults, and older adults.a variety of age-related differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have been proposed to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection of human neonates and older adults. the emergence of rna sequencing (rna-seq) provides an opportunity to obtain an unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative view of gene expression differences in defined cell types from different age groups. an examination of ex vivo human monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide stimulation or listeria mono ...201526147648
cooperative transcriptional activation of antimicrobial genes by stat and nf-κb pathways by concerted recruitment of the mediator complex.the transcriptional response to infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes (lm) requires cooperative signals of the type i interferon (ifn-i)-stimulated jak-stat and proinflammatory nf-κb pathways. using chip-seq analysis, we define genes induced in lm-infected macrophages through synergistic transcriptional activation by nf-κb and the ifn-i-activated transcription factor isgf3. using the nos2 and il6 genes as prime examples of this group, we show that nf-κb functions to recruit enzymes ...201526146080
characterization of specific alleles in inla and prfa of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in osaka, japan and their ability to invade caco-2 cells.listeria monocytogenes expresses the surface protein internalin a (inla), enabling the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells to cause severe food-borne diseases. full-length sequence analysis of inla of 114 food isolates resulted in the detection of 29 isolates with a premature stop codon (pmsc) mutation and 6 isolates with 3-codon deletion mutations (aa 738 to 740) in inla. the isolates with inla pmscs demonstrated a significantly lower level of invasion than the other food isolates in ...201526143289
increased spread and replication efficiency of listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) complex.listeria (l.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. in ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) we recently showed that l. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated a, b and c). however, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster ...201526138984
myeloid sirtuin 2 expression does not impact long-term mycobacterium tuberculosis control.sirtuins (sirts) regulate several cellular mechanisms through deacetylation of several transcription factors and enzymes. recently, sirt2 was shown to prevent the development of inflammatory processes and its expression favors acute listeria monocytogenes infection. the impact of this molecule in the context of chronic infections remains unknown. we found that specific sirt2 deletion in the myeloid lineage transiently increased mycobacterium tuberculosis load in the lungs and liver of conditiona ...201526135889
defining and evaluating a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for whole-genome sequence-based typing of listeria monocytogenes.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) has emerged today as an ultimate typing tool to characterize listeria monocytogenes outbreaks. however, data analysis and interlaboratory comparability of wgs data are still challenging for most public health laboratories. therefore, we have developed and evaluated a new l. monocytogenes typing scheme based on genome-wide gene-by-gene comparisons (core genome multilocus the sequence typing [cgmlst]) to allow for a unique typing nomenclature. initially, we determined ...201526135865
using the chicken embryo to assess virulence of listeria monocytogenes and to model other microbial infections.microbial infections are a global health problem, particularly as microbes are continually developing resistance to antimicrobial treatments. an effective and reliable method for testing the virulence of different microbial pathogens is therefore a useful research tool. this protocol describes how the chicken embryo can be used as a trustworthy, inexpensive, ethically desirable and quickly accessible model to assess the virulence of the human bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes, which can ...201526134955
listeria meningitis complicating alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis--report of two cases.alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the surface molecule cd52, leads to a rapid depletion of immune cells in the innate and adaptive immune system. in phase 2 and 3 trials in multiple sclerosis (ms), infections have been reported more frequently in alemtuzumab than in interferon beta treated patients. here we report two patients treated with alemtuzumab for ms developing listeria meningitis few days after the first infusion cycle. both patients recovered completely after promp ...201526132570
solitary supratentorial listeria monocytogenes brain abscess in an immunocompromised patient.we describe an 81-year-old man receiving azacitidine monotherapy for myelodysplastic syndrome who was improving from listeria monocytogenes bacteremia after receiving antibiotic therapy during an earlier hospital admission. shortly after discharge he developed new-onset seizure activity, with brain imaging on subsequent admissions demonstrating a posterior right frontal lobe mass. specimen cultures after resection of the mass revealed this to be a cerebral abscess related to l. monocytogenes. br ...201526130881
different types of stainless steel used in equipment in meat plants do not affect the initial microbial transfer, including pathogens, from pork skin.this study describes and measures the impact of different compositions and finishes of stainless steel used in equipment in the meat industry on the transfer of natural flora and selected pathogens from artificially contaminated pork skin. it is known that the adhesion to surfaces of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella, 2 pathogens frequently found in contaminated pork meat, depends on the nature and roughness of the surface. our results show no statistically significant differences in microbi ...201526130860
diadenylate cyclase evaluation of ssdaca (ssu98_1483) in streptococcus suis serotype 2.cyclic diadenosine monophosphate is a recently identified signaling molecule. it has been shown to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis. ssu98_1483 (ssdaca), which is an ortholog of listeria monocytogenes daca, is a putative diadenylate cyclase in streptococcus suis serotype 2. in this study, we determined the enzymatic activity of ssdaca in vitro using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. our results showed that ssdaca was a diadenylate cyclase that converts a ...201526125899
ultraviolet-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on organic fruit surfaces.this study investigated uv-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of organic apples, pears, strawberries, red raspberries and cantaloupes. fruit surfaces spot inoculated with cocktail strains of e. coli o157:h7 and l. monocytogenes were exposed to uv-c doses up to 11.9 kj/m(2) at 23 °c. fruit surface roughness, contact angle, and surface energy were determined and correlated with uv-c inactivation kinetics. results demonstrate that bacterial pa ...201526122954
rescue of cd8+ t cell vaccine memory following sublethal γ irradiation.sublethal γ irradiation eliminates cd8+ t cell mediated memory responses. in this work, we explored how these memory responses could be rescued in the aftermath of such exposure. we utilized two models of cd8+ t cell mediated immunity: a mouse model of listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection in which cd8+ t cells specific for lm expressed antigens (listeriolysin o, llo) can be tracked, and a murine skin graft model in which cd8+ t cells mediate rejection across a mhc class i (d(d)) disparity. in t ...201526122582
whole-genome sequencing allows for improved identification of persistent listeria monocytogenes in food-associated environments.while the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes can persist in food associated environments, there are no whole-genome sequence (wgs) based methods to differentiate persistent from sporadic strains. whole-genome sequencing of 188 isolates from a longitudinal study of l. monocytogenes in retail delis was used to (i) apply single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based phylogenetics for subtyping of l. monocytogenes, (ii) use snp counts to differentiate persistent from repeatedly reintroduced str ...201526116683
spatial and temporal factors associated with an increased prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in spinach fields in new york state.while rain and irrigation events have been associated with an increased prevalence of foodborne pathogens in produce production environments, quantitative data are needed to determine the effects of various spatial and temporal factors on the risk of produce contamination following these events. this study was performed to quantify these effects and to determine the impact of rain and irrigation events on the detection frequency and diversity of listeria species (including l. monocytogenes) and ...201526116668
mtor complex signaling through the sema4a-plexin b2 axis is required for optimal activation and differentiation of cd8+ t cells.mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) plays crucial roles in activation and differentiation of diverse types of immune cells. although several lines of evidence have demonstrated the importance of mtor-mediated signals in cd4(+) t cell responses, the involvement of mtor in cd8(+) t cell responses is not fully understood. in this study, we show that a class iv semaphorin, sema4a, regulates cd8(+) t cell activation and differentiation through activation of mtor complex (mtorc) 1. sema4a(-/-) cd8(+) ...201526116513
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