Publications

a proposed phylogeny of the flagellated protostelids.	the flagellated members of the group of mycetozoans known as protostelids have been recognized for some time to be members of a monophyletic group which also includes the myxomycetes. this inference was based primarily upon comparisons of the flagellar apparatus of the amoeboflagellate state. however, more detailed comparisons based on the whole life history and comparisons with an outgroup were necessary to have information sufficient to determine the interrelationships within the group. recent ...	2007	1854909
[injuries of the lumbosacral segments of the spine].	having studied 470 case histories of patients with injuries of the spine the author found traumas of the 5th lumbar vertebra in 23 cases (4.9%). the characteristic injuries were compression wedge-shaped fractures, multiple fractures of the vertebrae, comminuted and traumatic spondylolistheses and dislocation fractures. a typical mechanism of the injury was a blow in the lumbar region or in the back with subsequent bending of the trunk. the tactics of surgical treatment of such lesions is present ...	2007	2780029
limitations of balloon angioplasty for vein graft stenosis.	vein graft stenosis remains an important contributing factor to the failure of infrainguinal arterial reconstruction. repair of these lesions before graft occlusion provides sustained patency, yet the optimal method of repair has not been established. percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of these vein graft lesions has been repeatedly advocated as an alternative to surgical revision. balloon angioplasty was used in 30 patients with 54 stenotic lesions occurring in autogenous vein grafts ...	2007	1831863
access to information for adult adoptees.		2007	1913424
enzymatic measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate in extracts of blood without neutralization.		2007	1907121
infection control in the dental laboratory: a review of the literature.	the dental laboratory has been shown to be an area of potential disease transmission between patients and to laboratory personnel. this paper reviews pertinent literature on the subject and describes the "barrier system," a proven infection control protocol to manage dental prostheses in the laboratory.	2007	1900106
autokinetic illusion as affected by suggestions of experimenter and observer.	two experiments were done to examine whether an experimenter's suggestion and self-suggestion could affect the autokinetic illusion and to specify that effect. exp. i compared the effect of a facilitative suggestion with a suppressive one, by measuring the moving latency, duration, frequency, and by analyzing the movement trace. time and frequency did not detect any effects of marked individual differences. trace analysis, on the other hand, showed that suggestions were effective in the expected ...	2007	1852560
growth factors in the regulation of plasminogen-plasmin system in tumor cells.	growth regulatory polypeptides, which act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, are increasingly implicated in the control of pericellular proteolysis. representatives of major growth factor families, like egf, pdgf, igf, fgf, il, and tgf beta, and in addition, tnfs have effects both on cell proliferation and proteolytic events. some of them participate in the control of proteolytic events by affecting pericellular pa activity. these factors regulate the synthesis, secretion, and activity of bot ...	2007	1839081
guidelines for the management of convulsions with fever. joint working group of the research unit of the royal college of physicians and the british paediatric association.		2007	1932910
development of nephrology nursing care in europe: 1978-1988.	nephrology nursing care in europe has been accelerated by medical and technical advances. nurses are becoming more and more involved in decision-making processes as opposed to the traditional serving role. this article analyzes some aspects responsible for these changes in europe from 1978-1988 and how nephrology nurses adapted to these developments.	2007	2658872
brachymetapody: case report of surgical correction.	brachymetapody is an uncommon condition that can have both cosmetic and functional considerations. the literature is reviewed with respect to techniques for repair of short metatarsals. surgical indications are discussed as well as techniques for repair. a case report of bilateral first and fourth metatarsal brachymetapody is reviewed with illustration of a successful surgical outcome after more than 5 years of follow-up.	2007	1865062
menière's disease.		2007	1865745
[the effect of amino acid substitutions on the 3-dimensional structure of fragment 1--16 of the oncoprotein p21 ras].	using the method of theoretical conformational analysis, spatial structure of fragment 1-16 of active [( val12-gly13], [asp12-gly13], [gly12-asp13]) and passive [( gly12-gly13] and [pro12-gly13]) modifications of oncoproteins family p21 ras have been investigated. the activation of these proteins has been shown to be accompanied by reorganization of three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide chain.	2007	1892951
[education the health sciences in cuba].		2007	1807950
the stanford experience with high-dose etoposide cytoreductive regimens and autologous bone marrow transplantation in hodgkin's disease and non-hodgkin's lymphoma: preliminary data.	seventy-seven hodgkin's disease and non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) patients received high-dose etoposide in combination with cyclophosphamide and either fractionated total body irradiation (tbi) (n = 28) or carmustine (n = 49) prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. marrow from nhl patients was purged in vitro with a panel of monoclonal b- and t-cell antibodies and complement. six toxic deaths (8%) occurred, all in patients who received carmustine. with a median follow-up of 1 year, 57 pa ...	2007	2043498
[transient polyuria in pregnancy in diabetes insipidus and gestational diabetes].	two pregnant women developed overt polyuria (up to 11 l/day) and polydipsia during their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. in one patient hydronephrosis was present. both patients suffered from mild gestational diabetes mellitus. plasma sodium was 145 and 162 mmol/l. polyuria and urinary hypo-osmolality responded well to desmopressin acetate. after delivery, polyuria and polydipsia disappeared in one patient and significantly improved in the other. infusion of hypertonic saline one and t ...	2007	1770904
alteration in progression of murine autoimmune disease by treatment with a novel immunomodulator, sm-8849.	the effects of sm-8849 on the development of autoimmune disease in mrl/mp-1pr/1pr mice were examined. sm-8849 improved survival as well as renal disease, restored the deficits in splenic cell responsiveness to stimulation by mitogens or conventional antigens, and prevented lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly coincident with a decrease in the number of thy-1+/lyt-2-/l3t4- cells. sm-8849 also suppressed the production of the b-cell differentiation factor, possibly with a resulting preferential reduct ...	2007	1783457
failure of oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization: a sporadic event rather than a syndrome.	failure to retrieve oocytes during in vitro fertilization (ivf) treatment was recently referred to as the "empty follicle syndrome." data on the possible repetitiveness of this during previous or subsequent ivf attempts is lacking, which limits the understanding of its significance to the involved patients. of 26 patients who had cycles during which no oocytes were retrieved, 10 were pregnant in the past and 20 had at least one other ivf cycle that yielded oocytes. there was no difference in the ...	2007	1899395
[diagnosis and surgical treatment of traumatic damage to the sinus of valsalva following penetrating wounds of the heart].	the authors had three patients with traumatic damage of the sinus of valsalva, caused by penetrating injury of the thorax inflicted with a knife. the patients were brought to the clinic in a grave condition with decompensation of systemic and pulmonary circulation. the anomaly called for emergency surgical correction under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. the diagnosis was based on the complaints, medical history, clinical picture, the results of functional methods of examination includ ...	2007	2223226
[diagnosis and surgical treatment of traumatic damage to the sinus of valsalva following penetrating wounds of the heart].	the authors had three patients with traumatic damage of the sinus of valsalva, caused by penetrating injury of the thorax inflicted with a knife. the patients were brought to the clinic in a grave condition with decompensation of systemic and pulmonary circulation. the anomaly called for emergency surgical correction under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. the diagnosis was based on the complaints, medical history, clinical picture, the results of functional methods of examination includ ...	2007	2223226
[a congenital esophagotracheal fistula in an adult].		2007	2223222
[a congenital esophagotracheal fistula in an adult].		2007	2223222
local control of operable breast cancer after radiotherapy alone.	221 patients with operable breast carcinoma stage tis, t1, t2, t3, n0n1 were treated with radiotherapy alone without tumorectomy. the mean follow-up time was 15.5 years (range 5-22). the annual risk for local recurrence was 3% during the first 5 years and 1% during the following 10 years, resulting in an actuarial local control rate of 75.4% after 15 years. the risk for local recurrence was assessed in multivariate analysis and was significantly related to the size of the tumour measured on mamm ...	2007	2168190
radiographic examination of the lumbar spine in a community hospital: an audit of current practice.	to assess general practitioners' decisions to request lumbar spine radiographs according to the guidelines of the royal college of radiologists.	2007	1932970
analytical methods: technical notes.		2007	1951352
scalp cooling by cold air for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.	a new system is described for cooling the scalp with cold air in order to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. compressed air was cooled by means of a vortex tube built into a hair-drier cap. this system reduced the blood flow in the scalp to 35%, the surface temperature to 14.2 degrees c and the intradermal temperature at hair follicle level to 29.2 degrees c. the low temperature could be kept constant for at least one hour of cooling. by means of comparison, with cryogel packs the lowest epi ...	2007	2074916
[age determination of venous thrombi by ultrasound].	in addition to diagnosing deep-vein thrombosis of the lower limb and pelvis, determination of the age of the thrombus is of considerable importance in guiding treatment. the present study was done to find out whether thrombus age can be determined by ultrasound morphology. 138 examinations were carried out on 76 lower limbs with phlebographically demonstrated thrombosed veins. diameter of the thrombosed vein, echogenicity of the thrombus and demarcation of the venous wall from its surroundings w ...	2007	1932731
an analysis of the relationship between proximal and distal motor control.	the purpose of this investigation was to test the ontogenetic principle that the development of proximal postural stability precedes, and is necessary for, the development of distal fine motor control. the posture and fine motor assessment of infants (case-smith, 1987) was used to examine the relationship between proximal and distal motor function in 60 normal infants. low positive partial correlations were found between components of posture and fine motor control. although all partial correlat ...	2007	2610223
closure of craniofacial defects after cancer resection.	resection of malignancies of the upper face and skull base may result in complex bone and soft tissue defects. to better define the optimal management of these defects, we conducted a retrospective review of 75 consecutive patients who underwent closure of 76 craniofacial defects after malignant tumor excision from 1966 to 1990. wound complications requiring further surgery occurred in 30% of the defects (23 of 76). wound complications at anterior, temporal, or combined sites were correlated wit ...	2007	1951900
cough threshold to citric acid in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy.	the cough reflex has been investigated in insulin dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. the cough response to inhaled citric acid was determined in eight patients with diabetes who had severe autonomic neuropathy and compared with that in 10 who had no evidence of neuropathy. the patients with autonomic neuropathy had a higher median threshold for the cough response to citric acid (median 50%, range 20- greater than 100%) than non-neuropathic control patients (median ...	2007	3212754
cough threshold to citric acid in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy.	the cough reflex has been investigated in insulin dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. the cough response to inhaled citric acid was determined in eight patients with diabetes who had severe autonomic neuropathy and compared with that in 10 who had no evidence of neuropathy. the patients with autonomic neuropathy had a higher median threshold for the cough response to citric acid (median 50%, range 20- greater than 100%) than non-neuropathic control patients (median ...	2007	3212754
percutaneous transjugular portosystemic shunt.	--to determine the effectiveness of the palmaz balloon expandable stent for the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. the device is designed to achieve portal decompression in patients with variceal hemorrhage secondary to portal hypertension.	2007	1829120
the rise and rise of enteropathogenic escherichia coli.	first described in 1885, escherichia coli gradually achieved recognition as a cause of diarrhoea. strains of e. coli which belonged to a limited number of o-serogroups and had been associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in hospitalised children were designated 'enteropathogenic' e. coli (epec) to distinguish them from e. coli strains that cause other types of infection. the discovery that some strains of e. coli can produce toxins or invade epithelial cells in a similar fashion to established pa ...	2007	18250933
a silkworm model of pathogenic bacterial infection.	silkworms are invertebrate animals that are killed by bacteria pathogenic against humans, such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio cholerae. injection into the hemolymph of antibiotics that are clinically used for human patients abolishes the killing effects. there are several advantages to using silkworms as an infection model, such as low cost, the absence of ethical problems that are associated with the use of mammals, and a body size large eno ...	2007	22504393
semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae from environmental water samples.	a rapid and sensitive direct cell semi-nested pcr assay was developed for the detection of viable toxigenic v. cholerae in environmental water samples. the semi-nested pcr assay amplified cholera toxin (ctxa2b) gene present in the toxigenic v. cholerae. the detection sensitivity of direct cell semi-nested pcr was 2 × 10(3) cfu of v. cholerae whereas direct cell single-step pcr could detect 2 × 10(4) cfu of v. cholerae. the performance of the assay was evaluated using environmental water samples ...	2007	23100668
[current status of multi-drug resistant bacteria in infectious diarrheal diseases and its control].		2007	17455674
specific detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae based on in situ pcr in combination with flow cytometry.	to develop an in situ pcr in combination with flow cytometry (ispcr-fcm) for monitoring cholera toxin positive vibrio cholerae.	2007	17458144
use of chromosomal integron arrays as a phylogenetic typing system for vibrio cholerae pandemic strains.	approximately 200 serogroups of vibrio cholerae exist, with only two, o1 and o139, responsible for epidemic and pandemic cholera. strains from these serogroups have evolved from a common progenitor, with lateral gene transfer largely driving their emergence. these strains are so closely related that separation using single- or multi-locus phylogeny has proven difficult. v. cholerae strains contain a genetic system called the integron that is located in the chromosome and that can integrate and e ...	2007	17464063
autoprocessing of the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin by the cysteine protease domain.	vibrio cholerae rtx is a large multifunctional bacterial toxin that causes actin crosslinking. due to its size, it was predicted to undergo proteolytic cleavage during translocation into host cells to deliver activity domains to the cytosol. in this study, we identified a domain within the rtx toxin that is conserved in large clostridial glucosylating toxins tcdb, tcda, tcna, and tcsl; putative toxins from v. vulnificus, yersinia sp., photorhabdus sp., and xenorhabdus sp.; and a filamentous/hema ...	2007	17464284
genetic diversity of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 revealed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization.	toxigenic serogroups o1 and o139 of vibrio cholerae may cause cholera epidemics or pandemics. nontoxigenic strains within these serogroups also exist in the environment, and also some may cause sporadic cases of disease. herein, we investigate the genomic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenic o1 and o139 strains by comparative genomic microarray hybridization with the genome of el tor strain n16961 as a base. conservation of the toxigenic o1 el tor and o139 strains is found as previously re ...	2007	17468246
molecular dissection of the myelin-associated glycoprotein receptor complex reveals cell type-specific mechanisms for neurite outgrowth inhibition.	neuronal nogo66 receptor-1 (ngr1) binds the myelin inhibitors nogoa, omgp, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag) and has been proposed to function as the ligand-binding component of a receptor complex that also includes lingo-1, p75(ntr), or troy. in this study, we use vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn) and mouse genetics to probe the molecular composition of the mag receptor complex in postnatal retinal ganglion cells (rgcs). we find that vcn treatment is not sufficient to release mag inhib ...	2007	17470639
antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o139 recently isolated from india.	we determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against vibrio cholerae o139 recently isolated from cholera patients in india. ciprofloxacin showed excellent antibacterial activity against the o139 strains, and ciprofloxacin-resistant o139 strains were not observed. the lack of incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in o139 strains may be because o139 strains appeared comparatively recently and have not been extensively treated with antibacterial agents including fluoroquinolon ...	2007	17473533
inactivation of small rho gtpases by the multifunctional rtx toxin from vibrio cholerae.	many bacterial toxins target small rho gtpases in order to manipulate the actin cytoskeleton. the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton by the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin was previously identified to be due to the unique mechanism of covalent actin cross-linking. however, identification and subsequent deletion of the actin cross-linking domain within the rtx toxin revealed that this toxin has an additional cell rounding activity. in this study, we identified that the multifunctional rtx toxin ...	2007	17474905
genetic diversity of el tor strains of vibrio cholerae o1 with hybrid traits isolated from bangladesh and mozambique.	vibrio cholerae o1 strains that are hybrids between the classical and el tor biotypes were isolated during two consecutive years (2004-2005) from diarrheal patients in mozambique. similar variants isolated in bangladesh and recently isolated el tor strains were analyzed for genetic diversity. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis using the restriction enzyme noti, resulted in 18-21 bands showed five closely related pfge patterns that were distributed similarly in both years (2004-2005 ...	2007	17475554
identification and characterization of the vibrio vulnificus rtxa essential for cytotoxicity in vitro and virulence in mice.	a mutant exhibiting decreased cytotoxic activity toward int-407 intestinal epithelial cells and carrying a mutation in the rtx gene cluster that consists of rtxca and rtxbde operons was screened from a library of v. vulnificus mutants. the functions of the rtxa gene, assessed by constructing an isogenic mutant and evaluating its phenotypic changes, demonstrated that rtxa is essential for the virulence of v. vulnificus in mice as well as in tissue cultures.	2007	17483800
specificity in transmembrane helix-helix interactions mediated by aromatic residues.	aromatic residues have been previously shown to mediate the self-assembly of different soluble proteins through pi-pi interactions (mcgaughey, g. b., gagne, m., and rappe, a. k. (1998) j. biol. chem. 273, 15458-15463). however, their role in transmembrane (tm) assembly is not yet clear. in this study, we performed statistical analysis of the frequency of occurrence of aromatic pairs in a bacterial tm data base that provided an initial indication that the appearance of a specific aromatic pattern ...	2007	17488729
physicochemical characterization of el tor vibriophage s20.	to characterize vibrio cholerae el tor typing phage s20 (atcc no. 51352-b3).	2007	17489024
occurrence of vibrio cholerae serogroups other than o1 and o139 in austria.	from 2000 to 2005, 13 infections due to non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae were documented in austria. twelve patients (8 years to 65 years old; 7 male) had symptomatic infections: diarrhea x 5, otitis x 6, septicemia once. all 5 patients who acquired their infections abroad, suffered from diarrhea. the 8 persons without travel history outside of austria had otitis media (n = 4) or otitis externa (n = 2); the lethal case of septicemia affected a fisherman with underlying malignancy. one isolate was ...	2007	17492351
vibrio cholerae strains possess multiple strategies for abiotic and biotic surface colonization.	despite its notoriety as a human pathogen, vibrio cholerae is an aquatic microbe suited to live in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments where biofilm formation may provide a selective advantage. here we report characterization of biofilms formed on abiotic and biotic surfaces by two non-o1/o139 v. cholerae strains, tp and sio, and by the o1 v. cholerae strain n16961 in addition to the isolation of 44 transposon mutants of sio and tp impaired in biofilm formation. during the course of c ...	2007	17496082
distinct centromere-like pars sites on the two chromosomes of vibrio spp.	vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, has two circular chromosomes. the parab genes on each v. cholerae chromosome act to control chromosome segregation in a replicon-specific fashion. the chromosome i (chri) parab genes (parab1) govern the localization of the origin region of chri, while the chromosome ii (chrii) parab genes (parab2) control the segregation of chrii. in addition to para and parb proteins, par systems require parb binding sites (pars). here we identified the pars sites on both ...	2007	17496089
the quorum sensing regulator hapr downregulates the expression of the virulence gene transcription factor apha in vibrio cholerae by antagonizing lrp- and vpsr-mediated activation.	hapr is a quorum sensing-regulated transcription factor that represses the virulence cascade in vibrio cholerae by binding to a specific site centred at -71 in the apha promoter, ultimately preventing activation of the tcpph promoter on the vibrio pathogenicity island. in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which hapr represses apha expression, we identified two transcriptional regulators, lrp and vpsr, both of which activate the apha promoter. lrp, the leucine-responsive regulatory protein, ...	2007	17501920
the rpry response regulator of porphyromonas gingivalis.	porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe associated with chronic adult periodontitis. its ecological niche is the gingival crevice, where the organism adapts to the challenges of the infectious process such as host defence and bacterial products. bacterial responses to environmental changes are partly regulated by two-component signal transduction systems. several intact systems were annotated in the genome of p. gingivalis, as well as an orphan regulator encoding a homologue of ...	2007	17501928
relationships between bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators.	occurrence and prevalence of different bacterial enteric pathogens as well as their relationships with conventional (total and fecal coliforms) and alternative fecal indicators (host-specific bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers) were investigated for various water samples taken from different sites with different degrees of fecal contamination. the results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens could be detected in both municipal wastewater treatment plant samples and in surface water ...	2007	17507075
phenotypic and genotypic traits and epidemiological implication of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains in india during 2003.	during 2003, vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa was the predominant serotype among diarrhoeal patients admitted to different hospitals in india. with the exception of 3 strains from kolkata, none of 172 strains examined exhibited resistance to tetracycline, but 45.7 % showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. extensive molecular characterization using randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis, ribotyping and pfge revealed that almost all the strains within a serogroup were clonally related. along ...	2007	17510270
comprehensive dna signature discovery and validation.	dna signatures are nucleotide sequences that can be used to detect the presence of an organism and to distinguish that organism from all other species. here we describe insignia, a new, comprehensive system for the rapid identification of signatures in the genomes of bacteria and viruses. with the availability of hundreds of complete bacterial and viral genome sequences, it is now possible to use computational methods to identify signature sequences in all of these species, and to use these sign ...	2007	17511514
antibacterial activity of quercus ilex bark's extracts.	the antibacterial activity of different extracts of quercus ilex bark (fagaceae) was studied in vitro against seven reference strains of bacteria by using a disc-diffusion method and agar-dilution method. the ethyl acetate extract (qe), n-butanol extract (qb) and final aqueous layer (qa) were effective against all bacterial strains tested at mics ranging from 128 to 512 microg/ml. the n-hexane extract (qh) and dichloromethane extract (qd) showed no activity.	2007	17513077
genetic characterization of vibrio cholerae strains by inter simple sequence repeat-pcr.	the utility of inter simple sequence repeat-pcr (issr-pcr) assay in the characterization and elucidation of the phylogenetic relationship between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of vibrio cholerae is demonstrated. a total of 45 v. cholerae strains including 15 o1 el tor, nine o139 and 21 non-o1/non-o139 strains were analyzed using eight issr primers. these primers, which are essentially simple sequence repeats (ssr) with additional nonrepeat bases at the 5' or 3' end, amplify genomic r ...	2007	17521359
rtx toxin actin cross-linking activity in clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae strains from diverse o-antigen groups were evaluated for rtx toxin actin cross-linking activity. this study demonstrates that the actin cross-linking domain sequence is present within rtxa in the majority of clinical and environmental isolates tested, and the rtx toxin produced by these strains catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of cellular actin.	2007	17522276
[cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 ctxab- tcpa+].	results of analysis of cholera outbreak during which v. cholerae o1 biovar el-tor ctxab- tcpa+ was isolated from 2 patients and 30 carriers are presented. epidemic was caused by contamination of water source and water route of transmission. strains identical to ones detected in humans were isolated from water of surface well in zone of water intake. genome and vntr-analysis of ctxab- tcpa+ vibrios that caused outbreak in rostov region in 2005 showed that they differed from ctxab- tcpa- and ctxab ...	2007	17523424
[detection of lipase in vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 in reaction of volumetric agglomeration].	study showed that el-tor strains of v. cholerae isolated from different sources produce lipase for hemolysis after cultivation during 24 h on meat-peptone broth independently from their toxigenic and hemolytic abilities. study of 3- and 4-hours broth cultures of vibrios revealed possibility to differentiate between hemolytic nontoxigenic strains and toxigenic nonhemolytic ones. using antilipaze diagnostic kit it was possible to differentiate el-tor vibrios from vibrios of classic biovar basing o ...	2007	17523437
crystal structure of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing regulatory protein hapr.	quorum sensing in vibrio cholerae involves signaling between two-component sensor protein kinases and the response regulator luxo to control the expression of the master regulator hapr. hapr, in turn, plays a central role in regulating a number of important processes, such as virulence gene expression and biofilm formation. we have determined the crystal structure of hapr to 2.2-a resolution. its structure reveals a dimeric, two-domain molecule with an all-helical structure that is strongly cons ...	2007	17526705
enhanced sensitivity to cholera toxin in adp-ribosylarginine hydrolase-deficient mice.	cholera toxin (ct) produced by vibrio cholerae causes the devastating diarrhea of cholera by catalyzing the adp-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the intestinal gs protein (gsalpha), leading to characteristic water and electrolyte losses. mammalian cells contain adp-ribosyltransferases similar to ct and an adp-ribosyl(arginine)protein hydrolase (adprh), which cleaves the adp-ribose-(arginine)protein bond, regenerating native protein and completing an adp-ribosylation cycle. we hypothesized th ...	2007	17526733
emergence of vibrio cholerae o1 inaba in andaman & nicobar islands, india.		2007	17545217
tight junction modulation and biochemical characterisation of the zonula occludens toxin c-and n-termini.	the zot n-terminal domain was expressed and refolded, yielding a soluble protein with defined secondary structure. although distantly related to protein i of filamentous phages, no evidence of atpase activity was found. it is therefore unlikely that the zot n-terminal domain is involved in cholera toxin phage packaging in vibrio cholerae. the zot c-terminal domain caused delocalisation of occludin and zo-1 from caco-2 cell-cell contacts, irrespective of disulfide bridge formation in its putative ...	2007	17553496
[isolation and identification of species from the genera aeromonas, vibrio, and plesiomonas from extraintestinal samples in cuba].	extraintestinal infections caused by the genera aeromonas, vibrio and plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. from january 2002 to december 2003, the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases of the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute received 95 gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and cathete ...	2007	17554439
regulatory small rnas circumvent the conventional quorum sensing pathway in pandemic vibrio cholerae.	using a process called quorum sensing (qs), bacteria communicate with extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (ais). response to ais allows bacteria to coordinate gene expression on a population-wide scale and thereby carry out particular behaviors in unison, much like multicellular organisms. in vibrio cholerae el tor, the etiological agent of the current cholera pandemic, ai information is transduced internally through a phosphorelay circuit that impinges on the transcription of mul ...	2007	17556542
the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae are initiated at different time points in the cell cycle.	the bacterium vibrio cholerae, the cause of the diarrhoeal disease cholera, has its genome divided between two chromosomes, a feature uncommon for bacteria. the two chromosomes are of different sizes and different initiator molecules control their replication independently. using novel methods for analysing flow cytometry data and marker frequency analysis, we show that the small chromosome ii is replicated late in the c period of the cell cycle, where most of chromosome i has been replicated. o ...	2007	17557077
serogroup conversion of vibrio cholerae in aquatic reservoirs.	the environmental reservoirs for vibrio cholerae are natural aquatic habitats, where it colonizes the chitinous exoskeletons of copepod molts. growth of v. cholerae on a chitin surface induces competence for natural transformation, a mechanism for intra-species gene exchange. the antigenically diverse o-serogroup determinants of v. cholerae are encoded by a genetically variable biosynthetic cluster of genes that is flanked on either side by chromosomal regions that are conserved between differen ...	2007	17559304
invasive vibrio cholerae 01 e1 tor inaba in a 3-day-old neonate: case report.	a 3-day-old girl with invasive v. cholerae infection is described. her mother had cholera in the perinatal period. because of retracted nipples, she expressed milk and fed her infant by bottle. the infant died on the 2nd day of admission.	2007	17565813
pore formation by vibrio cholerae cytolysin requires cholesterol in both monolayers of the target membrane.	vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) forms oligomeric transmembrane pores in cholesterol-rich membranes. to better understand this process, we used planar bilayer membranes. in symmetric membranes, the rate of the channel formation by vcc has a superlinear dependency on the cholesterol membrane fraction. thus, more than one cholesterol molecule can facilitate vcc-pore formation. in asymmetric membranes, the rate of pore formation is limited by the leaflet with the lower cholesterol content. methyl-be ...	2007	17303303
pilz domain proteins bind cyclic diguanylate and regulate diverse processes in vibrio cholerae.	cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is an allosteric activator and second messenger implicated in the regulation of a variety of biological processes in diverse bacteria. in vibrio cholerae, c-di-gmp has been shown to inversely regulate biofilm-specific and virulence gene expression, suggesting that c-di-gmp signaling is important for the transition of v. cholerae from the environment to the host. however, the mechanism behind this regulation remains unknown. recently, it was proposed that the pilz pr ...	2007	17307739
broad up-regulation of innate defense factors during acute cholera.	we used a whole-genome microarray screening system (affymetrix human genechips covering 47,000 different transcripts) to examine the gene expression in duodenal mucosa during acute cholera. biopsies were taken from the duodenal mucosa of seven cholera patients 2 and 30 days after the onset of diarrhea, and the gene expression patterns in the acute- and convalescent-phase samples were compared pairwise. of about 21,000 transcripts expressed in the intestinal epithelium, 29 were defined as transcr ...	2007	17307946
suitability of partial 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis for the identification of dangerous bacterial pathogens.	in a bioterrorism event a rapid tool is needed to identify relevant dangerous bacteria. the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of partial 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and the suitability of diverse databases for identifying dangerous bacterial pathogens.	2007	17309636
antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in india.	indigenous uses of azadirachta indica a. juss (maliaceae) (locally known as neem) leaves in different parts of india for curing gastrointestinal disorder such as diarrhea and cholera is wide spread. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antisecretory activity of neem extract against vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of watery diarrhea such as cholera. the methanol extract of neem leaf was tested for its antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity ...	2007	17314018
multiplex pcr for detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the sxt element: application in the characterization of vibrio cholerae.	this study describes a multiplex pcr assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the sxt element in vibrio cholerae. conditions were optimized to amplify fragments of sulii (encoding sulfamethoxazole resistance), dfra1 (o1-specific trimethoprim resistance), dfr18 (o139-specific trimethoprim resistance), strb (streptomycin b resistance) and the sxt element simultaneously in one pcr. this multiplex pcr was evaluated on 142 v. cholerae isolates and the results correlated with the phe ...	2007	17314365
resonance raman spectroscopic investigation of the light-harvesting chromophore in escherichia coli photolyase and vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1.	photolyases and cryptochromes are flavoproteins that belong to the class of blue-light photoreceptors. they usually bind two chromophores: flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), which forms the active site, and a light-harvesting pigment, which is a 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamate (mthf) in most cases. in escherichia coli photolyase (ecphr), the mthf cofactor is present in substoichiometric amounts after purification, while in vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1 (vccry1) the mthf cofactor is ...	2007	17316023
cholera vaccines.		2007	17317594
identification of residues critical for the function of the vibrio cholerae virulence regulator toxt by scanning alanine mutagenesis.	virulence factor expression in vibrio cholerae is controlled by the transcriptional regulatory protein toxt. toxt activates transcription of the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctx) and the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp), as well as accessory colonization factor (acf) genes. previous studies of toxt, a member of the arac family of proteins, have revealed that it consists of two domains, an n-terminal dimerization and environmental sensing domain, and a c-terminal dna binding domain. in this study, ...	2007	17320105
o3:k6 serotype of vibrio parahaemolyticus identical to the global pandemic clone associated with diarrhea in peru.	to determine if the vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 global pandemic clone has spread into peru.	2007	17321179
quinone reduction by the na+-translocating nadh dehydrogenase promotes extracellular superoxide production in vibrio cholerae.	the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae is influenced by sodium ions which are actively extruded from the cell by the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr). to study the function of the na(+)-nqr in the respiratory chain of v. cholerae, we examined the formation of organic radicals and superoxide in a wild-type strain and a mutant strain lacking the na(+)-nqr. upon reduction with nadh, an organic radical was detected in native membranes by electron paramagnetic resonance spect ...	2007	17322313
effect of fatty acids and cholesterol present in bile on expression of virulence factors and motility of vibrio cholerae.	bile induces pleiotropic responses that affect production of virulence factors, motility, and other phenotypes in the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae. since bile is a heterogeneous mixture, crude bile was fractionated, and the components that mediate virulence gene repression and enhancement of motility were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography (gc), and gc-mass spectrometry analyses. the unsaturated fatty acids detected in bile, arachidonic, linoleic, and oleic acids, d ...	2007	17261615
galactose-specific fimbrial adhesin of enteroaggregative escherichia coli: a possible aggregative factor.	a galactose-specific adhesin was isolated from the fimbriae of an enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) strain. the adhesin was found to be a high molecular weight aggregate of the 18-kda monomer. the dimeric (36 kda) and tetrameric (76 kda) forms appeared in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when a higher concentration of the adhesin was used. the iggad (igg against adhesin) obtained from the immune sera raised in rabbits against purified adhesin could detect all th ...	2007	17262177
protective role of autophagy against vibrio cholerae cytolysin, a pore-forming toxin from v. cholerae.	autophagy is the unique, regulated mechanism for the degradation of organelles. this intracellular process acts as a prosurvival pathway during cell starvation or stress and is also involved in cellular response against specific bacterial infections. vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive intestinal pathogen that has been studied extensively as the causative agent of the human disease cholera. v. cholerae illness is produced primarily through the expression of a potent toxin (cholera toxin) within the ...	2007	17267617
crystal structure of the carboxyltransferase domain of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pump from vibrio cholerae.	oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a membrane-bound multiprotein complex that couples oxaloacetate decarboxylation to sodium ion transport across the membrane. the initial reaction catalyzed by this enzyme machinery is the carboxyl transfer from oxaloacetate to the prosthetic biotin group. the crystal structure of the carboxyltransferase at 1.7 a resolution shows a dimer of alpha(8)beta(8) barrels with an active site metal ion, identified spectroscopically as zn(2+), at the bottom of a deep cleft. th ...	2007	17270211
evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of triphala against common bacterial isolates from hiv infected patients.	the isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. in the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of triphala and its individual components ( ...	2007	17273983
isolation and characterization of a new plasmid pspnp1 from a multidrug-resistant clone of streptococcus pneumoniae.	a novel streptococcus pneumoniae plasmid (pspnp1; 5413bp) has been isolated from the multidrug-resistant clone poland(23f)-16, and its complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. sequence analysis predicted seven co-directional open reading frames and comparative analyses revealed that plasmid pspnp1 is different to pdp1, the only previously described pneumococcal plasmid, whereas it is highly similar to pst08, a plasmid from streptococcus thermophilus. a double-stranded origin for replica ...	2007	17275906
regulation of the chitobiose-phosphotransferase system in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae harbours a phosphotransferase system (pts) enabling the organism to utilise chitosan oligosaccharide, e.g. derived from deacetylated chitin. as shown recently, this utilization system is encoded by the orfs vc1281-1283 (meibom et al. in proc natl acad sci usa, 101:2524-2529, 2004). by using a transcriptional reporter fusion technique, we identified the regulator of the system and characterised gene expression. furthermore, we found that gene expression of this pts system is influ ...	2007	17277949
the genome of non-o1 vibrio cholerae nrt36s demonstrates the presence of pathogenic mechanisms that are distinct from those of o1 vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae nrt36s is a non-cholera toxin-producing, non-o1 strain that causes diarrhea in volunteers. the genome of nrt36s was sequenced to create a draft containing 174 contigs plus the superintegron region. our analysis of the draft genome revealed several putative toxin genes and colonization factors. besides confirming the existence of nonagglutinable heat-stable toxin, we also identified the genes for a type three secretion system, a putative exotoxin, two different rtx toxins, and fou ...	2007	17283087
virstatin inhibits dimerization of the transcriptional activator toxt.	the development of antimicrobials is critical in this time of increasing antibiotic resistance of most clinically relevant bacteria. to date, all current antibiotics focus on inhibiting crucial enzymatic activities of their protein targets (i.e., trimethoprim for dihydrofolate reductase), thus disrupting in vitro essential gene functions. in contrast, we have previously reported the identification of virstatin, a small molecule that inhibits virulence regulation in vibrio cholerae, thereby preve ...	2007	17283330
iron acquisition in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has an absolute requirement for iron and must obtain this element in the human host as well as in its varied environmental niches. it has multiple systems for iron acquisition, including the tonb-dependent transport of heme, the endogenous siderophore vibriobactin and several siderophores that are produced by other microorganisms. there is also a feo system for the transport of ferrous iron and an abc transporter, fbp, which transports ferric iron ...	2007	17216354
the rbmbcdef gene cluster modulates development of rugose colony morphology and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, can undergo phenotypic variation generating rugose and smooth variants. the rugose variant forms corrugated colonies and well-developed biofilms and exhibits increased levels of resistance to several environmental stresses. many of these phenotypes are mediated in part by increased expression of the vps genes, which are organized into vps-i and vps-ii coding regions, separated by an intergenic region. in this study, we generated in-frame deletions ...	2007	17220218
detection of vibrio cholerae by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification.	a multitarget molecular beacon-based real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay for the specific detection of vibrio cholerae has been developed. the genes encoding the cholera toxin (ctxa), the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa; colonization factor), the ctxa toxin regulator (toxr), hemolysin (hlya), and the 60-kda chaperonin product (groel) were selected as target sequences for detection. the beacons for the five different genetic targets were evaluated by serial dilution of ...	2007	17220262
mosaic structure of p1658/97, a 125-kilobase plasmid harboring an active amplicon with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blashv-5.	escherichia coli isolates recovered from patients during a clonal outbreak in a warsaw, poland, hospital in 1997 produced different levels of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) of the shv type. the beta-lactamase hyperproduction correlated with the multiplication of esbl gene copies within a plasmid. here, we present the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid p1658/97 carried by the isolates recovered during the outbreak. the plasmid is 125,491 bp and shows a mosaic structure in which a ...	2007	17220406
ultrastructure of coccoid viable but non-culturable vibrio cholerae.	morphology of viable but non-culturable vibrio cholerae was monitored for 2 years by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. morphological changes included very small coccoid forms, after extended incubation at 4 degrees c and room temperature, and sequential transformation from curved rods to irregular (approximately 1 microm) rods to approximately 0.8 microm coccoid cells and, ultimately, to tiny coccoid forms (0.07-0.4 microm). irregular rod-shaped and coccoid cells were equally distri ...	2007	17222137
comparative studies of endonuclease i from cold-adapted vibrio salmonicida and mesophilic vibrio cholerae.	endonuclease i is a periplasmic or extracellular enzyme present in many different proteobacteria. the enda gene encoding endonuclease i from the psychrophilic and mildly halophilic bacterium vibrio salmonicida and from the mesophilic brackish water bacterium vibrio cholerae have been cloned, over-expressed in escherichia coli, and purified. a comparison of the enzymatic properties shows large differences in nacl requirements, optimum ph, temperature stability and catalytic efficiency of the two ...	2007	17222185
analysis of strategies to successfully vaccinate infants in developing countries against enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) disease.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea in the world, annually affecting up to 400,000,000 children under 5 years of age living in developing countries (dcs). although etec possesses numerous antigens, the relatively conserved colonization factor (cf) antigens and the heat labile enterotoxin (lt) have been associated with protection and most vaccine candidates have exploited these antigens. a safe and effective vaccine against etec is a feasible go ...	2007	17224212
efflux-mediated resistance to florfenicol and/or chloramphenicol in bordetella bronchiseptica: identification of a novel chloramphenicol exporter.	twenty florfenicol- and/or chloramphenicol-resistant bordetella bronchiseptica isolates of porcine and feline origin were investigated for the presence of flor and cml genes and their location on plasmids.	2007	17224413
induction of secretory immunity and memory at mucosal surfaces.	mucosal epithelia comprise an extensive vulnerable barrier which is reinforced by numerous innate defence mechanisms cooperating intimately with adaptive immunity. local generation of secretory iga (siga) constitutes the largest humoral immune system of the body. secretory antibodies function both by performing antigen exclusion at mucosal surfaces and by virus and endotoxin neutralization within epithelial cells without causing tissue damage. siga is thus persistently containing commensal bacte ...	2007	17227687
molecular characterization of icevchvie0 and its disappearance in vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in 2003 in vietnam.	we analyzed 28 epidemic vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in the region of thua thien hue (vietnam) in 2003. ubiquitous amoxicillin, prevalent aminoglycosides and sporadic erythromycin resistances were observed. all were devoid of plasmids, class 1 integrons and ices and showed the same bgli ribotype, irrespective of their site of isolation and resistance pattern. a strain isolated in 1990 in the same area was resistant to amoxicillin and aminoglycosides but characterized by a different riboty ...	2007	17233716
smooth to rugose phase variation in vibrio cholerae can be mediated by a single nucleotide change that targets c-di-gmp signalling pathway.	microorganisms use phase variation to increase population diversity to maximize evolutionary success. one such variation is the smooth to rugose phenotype change in vibrio cholerae. we determined that the variation between smooth and rugose phenotypes can be controlled by a single nucleotide change in a gene (vpvc) predicted to encode a diguanylate cyclase. the vpvc allele found in the rugose genetic background is more active at producing c-di-gmp while that in smooth genetic background is less ...	2007	17233827