Publications

restrained eating, obesity, and cumulative food intake curves during four-course meals.	a four-course meal was presented to six obese and 18 normal weight women in which the second course was eaten ad libitum and the other three courses were fixed in amount. eating behaviour was observed directly and intake was monitored via an electronic scale built into the table under the plate. intake deceleration was observed in the normal weight women who scored low on the herman-polivy (1980) restraint questionnaire and on the cognitive restraint factor (f1) of stunkard and messick's (1985) ...	2006	2064393
jobshares for experienced nurses.	performance audit from a clinical perspective has been widely accepted. within harrogate health care nhs trust, a review of hours worked on day and night duty, coupled with a review of skill mix in one area, led to the successful introduction of a jobshare scheme for experienced nurses.	2006	1562494
comment: recent advances in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of leprosy.		2006	1569823
lie to me no more: believable stories and marital affairs.	this case study illustrates the dilemmas of systemic practice when the presenting problem is relational infidelity (marital affairs). after several months of treatment with a structural therapist, the couple and therapist were at an impasse because of arguments over the husband's alleged sexual encounter 3 years previously. the introduction of a consultant and a story-based therapy allowed the couple to reconcile their marital difficulties. the article ends with a discussion of the implications ...	2006	1860485
applying total quality management concepts to public health organizations.	total quality management (tqm) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a continuous organizational improvement process. its approach is focused on satisfying customers' expectations, identifying problems, building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers. tqm applies analytical tools, such as flow and statistical charts and check sheets, to gather data about activities within an organization. tqm uses process techniques, such as nominal groups, br ...	2006	1594734
low dose prednisone does not affect calcium homeostasis or bone density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.	to assess whether low doses of prednisone produce generalized alterations in skeletal homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), indices of calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (bmd) were measured in 22 women with ra treated without or with prednisone (6.6 mg daily). ionized and total calcium concentrations, intact parathyroid hormone (pth) and osteocalcin levels were comparable in the 2 groups. bmd measurements in the lumbar spine, and proximal femur sites including the femoral neck, ward ...	2006	1856804
low dose prednisone does not affect calcium homeostasis or bone density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.	to assess whether low doses of prednisone produce generalized alterations in skeletal homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), indices of calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (bmd) were measured in 22 women with ra treated without or with prednisone (6.6 mg daily). ionized and total calcium concentrations, intact parathyroid hormone (pth) and osteocalcin levels were comparable in the 2 groups. bmd measurements in the lumbar spine, and proximal femur sites including the femoral neck, ward ...	2006	1856804
are bunina bodies of endoplasmic reticulum origin? an ultrastructural study of subthalamic eosinophilic inclusions in a case of atypical motor neuron disease.	we carried out an electron microscopic study of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the subthalamic neurons in a case of atypical motor neuron disease. these inclusions were identical in light microscopic morphology and staining characteristics to bunina bodies. ultrastructurally, most of the intracytoplasmic inclusions observed were divisible into two different types (i and ii). type i inclusions had features essentially identical to those of bunina bodies demonstrated previously in the ...	2006	1664638
[emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases].	investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m tc-mma by the method of emission computed tomography (ect) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. the authors described ect procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). a high sensitivity of ect as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. th ...	2006	3257804
[emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases].	investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m tc-mma by the method of emission computed tomography (ect) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. the authors described ect procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). a high sensitivity of ect as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. th ...	2006	3257804
selective gut decontamination reduces nosocomial infections and length of stay but not mortality or organ failure in surgical intensive care unit patients.	suppression of the gut luminal aerobic flora to reduce nosocomial infections was tested in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients in a surgical intensive care unit who had persistent hypermetabolism. forty-six patients were randomized to receive either norfloxacin, 500-mg suspension every 8 hours, together with nystatin, 1 million units every 6 hours, or matching placebo solutions administered through a nasogastric tube within 48 hours of surgical ...	2006	1540093
australia's most pressing social problem: nursing vs non-nursing students' views.	nursing and non-nursing students (n = 297) were surveyed in 1989 for their opinion of 'australia's most pressing social problem'. significant differences were found between the two groups. although race relations in australia headed the concerns of both groups of students, nursing students consistently chose health-related issues as their choices for 'the most pressing social problem' facing the australian nation. several explanations for this 'focused' interest of nursing students are discussed ...	2006	1538676
what's happening with the royal commission report?		2006	1525232
are electrocardiogram changes the first sign of impending peri-operative pneumothorax?	a patient in the right lateral position underwent left nephrectomy, after which he was placed supine for insertion of an arteriovenous fistula. all haemodynamic and respiratory values, including peak inspiratory pressure, were within normal limits and unchanged from baseline measurements. however, following the position change we noted that the amplitude of the electrocardiogram complexes were dramatically reduced. our differential diagnosis included the possibility of a pneumothorax, which was ...	2006	1489031
sleep patterns in acute ischemic stroke.	we studied polysomnographic recordings using an oxford medilog 9000 system in 18 patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. all patients underwent neurologic examination and brain ct scan within 5 h after the onset of symptoms. polysomnographic recordings were started immediately thereafter and went on for three nights. clinical and polysomnographic follow-up were performed 3 weeks after admission. the number and duration of rem phases were significantly reduced in th ...	2006	1481642
[hemodynamics and serum nitroglycerin concentration during intraoperative use of nitroglycerin patches].	we investigated the effect of number of nitroglycerin (tng) as patches, containing 5 mg of tng per sheet, on hemodynamics in 29 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. patients were randomly allocated to four groups according to the number of the sheets applied (0, 2, 5 and 10 sheets). hemodynamics as well as plasma tng concentration were measured at 4 points (just before and 30, 60 or 120 minutes after application of tng patch) in each group (n > or = 6). plasma tng concentrations depended ...	2006	1479656
the commensal rodents and their flea fauna in alexandria city, egypt.		2006	3373038
spontaneous degenerative polyarthritis in male new zealand black/kn mice.	histopathologic studies and radiographic analysis revealed that male new zealand black/kn (nzb/kn) mice develop degenerative polyarthritis in the joints of the forepaw and hindpaw beginning at age 2 months. deposits of autoantibodies were observed on proliferating collagen fibers, nuclei of chondrocytes, and epidermal cells. increases in the frequency of positivity for rheumatoid factor and anti-type ii collagen antibodies and in the level of serum oxidation activity were noted in these mice. th ...	2006	1994914
[experience of the interaction of forensic medical and pathological anatomy services].		2006	1831971
[hospital changes the elderly into nursing home patients. interview by bjørn arild ostby].		2006	1489596
tracking clinical learning experience.		2006	1472156
dermatologic lasers: three decades of progress.		2006	1459753
peripheral exchange transfusions.		2006	1459692
prescription and misuse of benzodiazepines in the federal republic of germany.	reliable benzodiazepine prescription data are now available for the federal republic of germany by the establishment of gkv-index. in 1981, 4 benzodiazepines were among the 25 highest ranking drugs in the frg according to total number of prescriptions. a decline of benzodiazepine prescriptions was observed in 1983 and 1984; two short-acting compounds achieved a higher ranking position. benzodiazepines make up to about two thirds of all psychotropic drugs prescribed. these data are compared to so ...	2006	2870514
the connecticut state medical society: its antecedents and early history.		2006	1458881
the pattern of plasma renin activity and aldosterone system in patients with sustained hydronephrosis.	twenty-six patients with unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis were subjected to investigation to identify the patterns of pra-aldosterone system. the incidence of hypertension in the unilateral group was 28.5%, while in the bilateral group it was 50%; the overall incidence was 34.6%. in the hypertensive patients (9 cases), plasma renin activity and aldosterone were normal in one, and elevated in three. aldosterone only was elevated in 3 cases, while pra was elevated in 2. in the normotensive ...	2006	3294713
prognostic indicators in fulminant hepatic failure.	because of the inhomogeneous prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure, prognostic criteria are required which help to establish the indication for liver transplantation as a successful therapeutic procedure. in our study of 33 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (94% viral hepatitis, 67% hepatitis b), serum bilirubin > 320 or < 160 mumol/l, serum creatinine > 110 mumol/l, prothrombin time < 15% of the normal value and duration of jaundice until onset of encephalopathy > 7 days indicated a fata ...	2006	1449004
ergotamine-metoclopramide for migraine: is it enough?		2006	1446995
laparoscopic vagotomy: a new tool in the management of duodenal ulcer disease.		2006	1422777
[pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis and renal adenocarcinoma].	the case of a 7 year-old who presented with lymphangitic carcinomatosis revealed by lung biopsy and secondary to renal adenocarcinoma is described. this biopsy was performed because of radiologic and clinical signs associating bilateral interstitial infiltrates, mediastinal adenopathy and gradually increasing respiratory distress. despite treatment, the child died two weeks later.	2006	2082848
single determination of ca 15.3 and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of skeletal metastases of breast cancer.	single determination of ca 15.3 and bone scintigraphy were performed on the same day as follow-up procedures in 864 patients with breast cancer. the sensitivity and specificity of bone scintigraphy for skeletal metastases were 99% and 88.8%, respectively. the overall sensitivity and specificity of ca 15.3 (cut-off for pathological values greater than 30 u/ml) for cancer recurrence or distant metastases were 69.2% and 92.1%, respectively. the sensitivity of ca 15.3 for bone metastases was lower ( ...	2006	1450226
vasomotion in venous disease.	abnormalities of the capillary microcirculation may be important in the pathogenesis of venous ulceration. in this study the characteristics of capillary vasomotion in venous disease have been studied using laser doppler flowmetry. the amplitude and frequency of vasomotion in the skin microcirculation as measured by laser doppler flowmetry was determined in 101 subjects. these comprised 43 subjects with venous disease and lipodermatosclerosis (lds), 14 subjects with uncomplicated varicose veins ...	2006	1828270
parity, ethnic group and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: the coventry diabetes study.	the prevalence of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) in relation to parity was compared among south asian (asian) and european women during a cross-sectional house-to-house screening programme for diabetes in foleshill, coventry, uk. the parity of female residents was ascertained in 8 of the 12 areas visited. these areas contained 2096 european (68 with diabetes diagnosed) and 1148 asian women (95 with diabetes diagnosed). crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 3.2% and 14.7% in europeans ...	2006	1395461
the prognostic value of fetal ultrasonography before induction of labour.	to investigate whether ultrasound examination of the fetus and amniotic fluid before induction of labour can provide useful prognostic information about the course of labour and mode of delivery.	2006	1450140
single and multigland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: clinical follow-up, histopathology, and flow cytometric dna analysis.	two-hundred seventy-four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had selective removal of enlarged parathyroid glands. biopsies were taken from all parathyroid glands. normal-size glands were not resected irrespective of their histological appearance. after a mean follow-up of 13.5 years the rates of persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism were, respectively, 3.6% and 0.7%. transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 24% and 2.5% of the patients. the microscopic appearance of e ...	2006	1413843
pseudo-chediak-higashi anomaly in acute myeloid leukemia (m2) of childhood.	the frequency and clinical significance of the pseudo-chediak-higashi (pch) anomaly were studied in 20 children with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) m2 in the fab nomenclature. pch granules were recognized as giant eosinophilic granules, measuring up to 5 microns, in the cytoplasm of leukemic cells on smears. at the electron microscope level, most pch granules were round to oval and outlined by a limiting membrane, and contained homogeneous, granular, crystalloid, rod-like or myelin-like materials. ...	2006	2082666
proposal of a computerized algorithm for continuous wave co2 laser on-line control during orthopaedic surgery. phase i: theoretical introduction and first in vitro trials.	new data obtained from treating polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) with a non-moving cw- 10 watt-co2 laser-beam focused at 2.5'', 5'', 7.5'' and 15.75'' are presented. . the final equations r(tc) and z(tc) for each focal length are proposed. a very interesting correlation between the focal lengths in use and the integrated values of r and z between 0 and 2 sec has been identified and discussed. this result has been used as basis to define a convenient operative protocol to follow during the planning ...	2006	1402302
production-scale purification processes.		2006	1367135
cranio-nasal median splitting for radical resection of craniopharyngioma.	a new surgical approach for radical resection of craniopharyngioma is presented. this approach (cranio-nasal median splitting) involves craniotomy in the centre of the frontal bone, removal of the median portion of the supraorbital bar that incorporates the nasal bone, and detachment of the medial canthal ligaments. the frontal lobes, the cribriform plates, the planum sphenoidale, and the upper nasal cavities are split in the midline. the extraventricular surface of the hypothalamus, the pituita ...	2006	1360632
[indications and role of surgery in painful dysfunction syndromes of the masticatory apparatus].	among the numerous causes of facial neuralgias, the painful dysfunction syndrome of the manducatory apparatus corresponds to a frequent etiology whose thorough study carried out by a multidisciplinary team over about 500 cases allowed their splitting into several evolutive clinical forms. at present, a number of these forms which are particularly painful, require a disk surgery (dislocation reduction, perforation suture, etc.) and if necessary an articular facet surgery (modelling condylectomy, ...	2006	1345711
atomic absorption determination of mercury in fish using the coleman mas-50 mercury analyzer.		2006	4472005
[current status of multi-drug resistant bacteria in infectious diarrheal diseases and its control].		2007	17455674
specific detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae based on in situ pcr in combination with flow cytometry.	to develop an in situ pcr in combination with flow cytometry (ispcr-fcm) for monitoring cholera toxin positive vibrio cholerae.	2007	17458144
use of chromosomal integron arrays as a phylogenetic typing system for vibrio cholerae pandemic strains.	approximately 200 serogroups of vibrio cholerae exist, with only two, o1 and o139, responsible for epidemic and pandemic cholera. strains from these serogroups have evolved from a common progenitor, with lateral gene transfer largely driving their emergence. these strains are so closely related that separation using single- or multi-locus phylogeny has proven difficult. v. cholerae strains contain a genetic system called the integron that is located in the chromosome and that can integrate and e ...	2007	17464063
autoprocessing of the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin by the cysteine protease domain.	vibrio cholerae rtx is a large multifunctional bacterial toxin that causes actin crosslinking. due to its size, it was predicted to undergo proteolytic cleavage during translocation into host cells to deliver activity domains to the cytosol. in this study, we identified a domain within the rtx toxin that is conserved in large clostridial glucosylating toxins tcdb, tcda, tcna, and tcsl; putative toxins from v. vulnificus, yersinia sp., photorhabdus sp., and xenorhabdus sp.; and a filamentous/hema ...	2007	17464284
genetic diversity of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 revealed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization.	toxigenic serogroups o1 and o139 of vibrio cholerae may cause cholera epidemics or pandemics. nontoxigenic strains within these serogroups also exist in the environment, and also some may cause sporadic cases of disease. herein, we investigate the genomic diversity among toxigenic and nontoxigenic o1 and o139 strains by comparative genomic microarray hybridization with the genome of el tor strain n16961 as a base. conservation of the toxigenic o1 el tor and o139 strains is found as previously re ...	2007	17468246
molecular dissection of the myelin-associated glycoprotein receptor complex reveals cell type-specific mechanisms for neurite outgrowth inhibition.	neuronal nogo66 receptor-1 (ngr1) binds the myelin inhibitors nogoa, omgp, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag) and has been proposed to function as the ligand-binding component of a receptor complex that also includes lingo-1, p75(ntr), or troy. in this study, we use vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn) and mouse genetics to probe the molecular composition of the mag receptor complex in postnatal retinal ganglion cells (rgcs). we find that vcn treatment is not sufficient to release mag inhib ...	2007	17470639
antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o139 recently isolated from india.	we determined the in vitro antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against vibrio cholerae o139 recently isolated from cholera patients in india. ciprofloxacin showed excellent antibacterial activity against the o139 strains, and ciprofloxacin-resistant o139 strains were not observed. the lack of incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance in o139 strains may be because o139 strains appeared comparatively recently and have not been extensively treated with antibacterial agents including fluoroquinolon ...	2007	17473533
inactivation of small rho gtpases by the multifunctional rtx toxin from vibrio cholerae.	many bacterial toxins target small rho gtpases in order to manipulate the actin cytoskeleton. the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton by the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin was previously identified to be due to the unique mechanism of covalent actin cross-linking. however, identification and subsequent deletion of the actin cross-linking domain within the rtx toxin revealed that this toxin has an additional cell rounding activity. in this study, we identified that the multifunctional rtx toxin ...	2007	17474905
genetic diversity of el tor strains of vibrio cholerae o1 with hybrid traits isolated from bangladesh and mozambique.	vibrio cholerae o1 strains that are hybrids between the classical and el tor biotypes were isolated during two consecutive years (2004-2005) from diarrheal patients in mozambique. similar variants isolated in bangladesh and recently isolated el tor strains were analyzed for genetic diversity. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis using the restriction enzyme noti, resulted in 18-21 bands showed five closely related pfge patterns that were distributed similarly in both years (2004-2005 ...	2007	17475554
identification and characterization of the vibrio vulnificus rtxa essential for cytotoxicity in vitro and virulence in mice.	a mutant exhibiting decreased cytotoxic activity toward int-407 intestinal epithelial cells and carrying a mutation in the rtx gene cluster that consists of rtxca and rtxbde operons was screened from a library of v. vulnificus mutants. the functions of the rtxa gene, assessed by constructing an isogenic mutant and evaluating its phenotypic changes, demonstrated that rtxa is essential for the virulence of v. vulnificus in mice as well as in tissue cultures.	2007	17483800
specificity in transmembrane helix-helix interactions mediated by aromatic residues.	aromatic residues have been previously shown to mediate the self-assembly of different soluble proteins through pi-pi interactions (mcgaughey, g. b., gagne, m., and rappe, a. k. (1998) j. biol. chem. 273, 15458-15463). however, their role in transmembrane (tm) assembly is not yet clear. in this study, we performed statistical analysis of the frequency of occurrence of aromatic pairs in a bacterial tm data base that provided an initial indication that the appearance of a specific aromatic pattern ...	2007	17488729
physicochemical characterization of el tor vibriophage s20.	to characterize vibrio cholerae el tor typing phage s20 (atcc no. 51352-b3).	2007	17489024
occurrence of vibrio cholerae serogroups other than o1 and o139 in austria.	from 2000 to 2005, 13 infections due to non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae were documented in austria. twelve patients (8 years to 65 years old; 7 male) had symptomatic infections: diarrhea x 5, otitis x 6, septicemia once. all 5 patients who acquired their infections abroad, suffered from diarrhea. the 8 persons without travel history outside of austria had otitis media (n = 4) or otitis externa (n = 2); the lethal case of septicemia affected a fisherman with underlying malignancy. one isolate was ...	2007	17492351
vibrio cholerae strains possess multiple strategies for abiotic and biotic surface colonization.	despite its notoriety as a human pathogen, vibrio cholerae is an aquatic microbe suited to live in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments where biofilm formation may provide a selective advantage. here we report characterization of biofilms formed on abiotic and biotic surfaces by two non-o1/o139 v. cholerae strains, tp and sio, and by the o1 v. cholerae strain n16961 in addition to the isolation of 44 transposon mutants of sio and tp impaired in biofilm formation. during the course of c ...	2007	17496082
distinct centromere-like pars sites on the two chromosomes of vibrio spp.	vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, has two circular chromosomes. the parab genes on each v. cholerae chromosome act to control chromosome segregation in a replicon-specific fashion. the chromosome i (chri) parab genes (parab1) govern the localization of the origin region of chri, while the chromosome ii (chrii) parab genes (parab2) control the segregation of chrii. in addition to para and parb proteins, par systems require parb binding sites (pars). here we identified the pars sites on both ...	2007	17496089
the quorum sensing regulator hapr downregulates the expression of the virulence gene transcription factor apha in vibrio cholerae by antagonizing lrp- and vpsr-mediated activation.	hapr is a quorum sensing-regulated transcription factor that represses the virulence cascade in vibrio cholerae by binding to a specific site centred at -71 in the apha promoter, ultimately preventing activation of the tcpph promoter on the vibrio pathogenicity island. in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which hapr represses apha expression, we identified two transcriptional regulators, lrp and vpsr, both of which activate the apha promoter. lrp, the leucine-responsive regulatory protein, ...	2007	17501920
the rpry response regulator of porphyromonas gingivalis.	porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative oral anaerobe associated with chronic adult periodontitis. its ecological niche is the gingival crevice, where the organism adapts to the challenges of the infectious process such as host defence and bacterial products. bacterial responses to environmental changes are partly regulated by two-component signal transduction systems. several intact systems were annotated in the genome of p. gingivalis, as well as an orphan regulator encoding a homologue of ...	2007	17501928
relationships between bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators.	occurrence and prevalence of different bacterial enteric pathogens as well as their relationships with conventional (total and fecal coliforms) and alternative fecal indicators (host-specific bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers) were investigated for various water samples taken from different sites with different degrees of fecal contamination. the results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens could be detected in both municipal wastewater treatment plant samples and in surface water ...	2007	17507075
phenotypic and genotypic traits and epidemiological implication of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains in india during 2003.	during 2003, vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa was the predominant serotype among diarrhoeal patients admitted to different hospitals in india. with the exception of 3 strains from kolkata, none of 172 strains examined exhibited resistance to tetracycline, but 45.7 % showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. extensive molecular characterization using randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis, ribotyping and pfge revealed that almost all the strains within a serogroup were clonally related. along ...	2007	17510270
comprehensive dna signature discovery and validation.	dna signatures are nucleotide sequences that can be used to detect the presence of an organism and to distinguish that organism from all other species. here we describe insignia, a new, comprehensive system for the rapid identification of signatures in the genomes of bacteria and viruses. with the availability of hundreds of complete bacterial and viral genome sequences, it is now possible to use computational methods to identify signature sequences in all of these species, and to use these sign ...	2007	17511514
antibacterial activity of quercus ilex bark's extracts.	the antibacterial activity of different extracts of quercus ilex bark (fagaceae) was studied in vitro against seven reference strains of bacteria by using a disc-diffusion method and agar-dilution method. the ethyl acetate extract (qe), n-butanol extract (qb) and final aqueous layer (qa) were effective against all bacterial strains tested at mics ranging from 128 to 512 microg/ml. the n-hexane extract (qh) and dichloromethane extract (qd) showed no activity.	2007	17513077
genetic characterization of vibrio cholerae strains by inter simple sequence repeat-pcr.	the utility of inter simple sequence repeat-pcr (issr-pcr) assay in the characterization and elucidation of the phylogenetic relationship between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of vibrio cholerae is demonstrated. a total of 45 v. cholerae strains including 15 o1 el tor, nine o139 and 21 non-o1/non-o139 strains were analyzed using eight issr primers. these primers, which are essentially simple sequence repeats (ssr) with additional nonrepeat bases at the 5' or 3' end, amplify genomic r ...	2007	17521359
rtx toxin actin cross-linking activity in clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae strains from diverse o-antigen groups were evaluated for rtx toxin actin cross-linking activity. this study demonstrates that the actin cross-linking domain sequence is present within rtxa in the majority of clinical and environmental isolates tested, and the rtx toxin produced by these strains catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of cellular actin.	2007	17522276
[cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 ctxab- tcpa+].	results of analysis of cholera outbreak during which v. cholerae o1 biovar el-tor ctxab- tcpa+ was isolated from 2 patients and 30 carriers are presented. epidemic was caused by contamination of water source and water route of transmission. strains identical to ones detected in humans were isolated from water of surface well in zone of water intake. genome and vntr-analysis of ctxab- tcpa+ vibrios that caused outbreak in rostov region in 2005 showed that they differed from ctxab- tcpa- and ctxab ...	2007	17523424
[detection of lipase in vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 in reaction of volumetric agglomeration].	study showed that el-tor strains of v. cholerae isolated from different sources produce lipase for hemolysis after cultivation during 24 h on meat-peptone broth independently from their toxigenic and hemolytic abilities. study of 3- and 4-hours broth cultures of vibrios revealed possibility to differentiate between hemolytic nontoxigenic strains and toxigenic nonhemolytic ones. using antilipaze diagnostic kit it was possible to differentiate el-tor vibrios from vibrios of classic biovar basing o ...	2007	17523437
crystal structure of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing regulatory protein hapr.	quorum sensing in vibrio cholerae involves signaling between two-component sensor protein kinases and the response regulator luxo to control the expression of the master regulator hapr. hapr, in turn, plays a central role in regulating a number of important processes, such as virulence gene expression and biofilm formation. we have determined the crystal structure of hapr to 2.2-a resolution. its structure reveals a dimeric, two-domain molecule with an all-helical structure that is strongly cons ...	2007	17526705
enhanced sensitivity to cholera toxin in adp-ribosylarginine hydrolase-deficient mice.	cholera toxin (ct) produced by vibrio cholerae causes the devastating diarrhea of cholera by catalyzing the adp-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the intestinal gs protein (gsalpha), leading to characteristic water and electrolyte losses. mammalian cells contain adp-ribosyltransferases similar to ct and an adp-ribosyl(arginine)protein hydrolase (adprh), which cleaves the adp-ribose-(arginine)protein bond, regenerating native protein and completing an adp-ribosylation cycle. we hypothesized th ...	2007	17526733
emergence of vibrio cholerae o1 inaba in andaman & nicobar islands, india.		2007	17545217
tight junction modulation and biochemical characterisation of the zonula occludens toxin c-and n-termini.	the zot n-terminal domain was expressed and refolded, yielding a soluble protein with defined secondary structure. although distantly related to protein i of filamentous phages, no evidence of atpase activity was found. it is therefore unlikely that the zot n-terminal domain is involved in cholera toxin phage packaging in vibrio cholerae. the zot c-terminal domain caused delocalisation of occludin and zo-1 from caco-2 cell-cell contacts, irrespective of disulfide bridge formation in its putative ...	2007	17553496
[isolation and identification of species from the genera aeromonas, vibrio, and plesiomonas from extraintestinal samples in cuba].	extraintestinal infections caused by the genera aeromonas, vibrio and plesiomonas have high morbidity and mortality rates in different areas of world. from january 2002 to december 2003, the national reference laboratory for acute diarrhoeal diseases of the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute received 95 gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, oxidase positive bacilli strains from different extraintestinal specimen (blood, ear exudates, infected wounds, conjunctive exudates, urine, and cathete ...	2007	17554439
regulatory small rnas circumvent the conventional quorum sensing pathway in pandemic vibrio cholerae.	using a process called quorum sensing (qs), bacteria communicate with extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (ais). response to ais allows bacteria to coordinate gene expression on a population-wide scale and thereby carry out particular behaviors in unison, much like multicellular organisms. in vibrio cholerae el tor, the etiological agent of the current cholera pandemic, ai information is transduced internally through a phosphorelay circuit that impinges on the transcription of mul ...	2007	17556542
the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae are initiated at different time points in the cell cycle.	the bacterium vibrio cholerae, the cause of the diarrhoeal disease cholera, has its genome divided between two chromosomes, a feature uncommon for bacteria. the two chromosomes are of different sizes and different initiator molecules control their replication independently. using novel methods for analysing flow cytometry data and marker frequency analysis, we show that the small chromosome ii is replicated late in the c period of the cell cycle, where most of chromosome i has been replicated. o ...	2007	17557077
serogroup conversion of vibrio cholerae in aquatic reservoirs.	the environmental reservoirs for vibrio cholerae are natural aquatic habitats, where it colonizes the chitinous exoskeletons of copepod molts. growth of v. cholerae on a chitin surface induces competence for natural transformation, a mechanism for intra-species gene exchange. the antigenically diverse o-serogroup determinants of v. cholerae are encoded by a genetically variable biosynthetic cluster of genes that is flanked on either side by chromosomal regions that are conserved between differen ...	2007	17559304
invasive vibrio cholerae 01 e1 tor inaba in a 3-day-old neonate: case report.	a 3-day-old girl with invasive v. cholerae infection is described. her mother had cholera in the perinatal period. because of retracted nipples, she expressed milk and fed her infant by bottle. the infant died on the 2nd day of admission.	2007	17565813
pore formation by vibrio cholerae cytolysin requires cholesterol in both monolayers of the target membrane.	vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) forms oligomeric transmembrane pores in cholesterol-rich membranes. to better understand this process, we used planar bilayer membranes. in symmetric membranes, the rate of the channel formation by vcc has a superlinear dependency on the cholesterol membrane fraction. thus, more than one cholesterol molecule can facilitate vcc-pore formation. in asymmetric membranes, the rate of pore formation is limited by the leaflet with the lower cholesterol content. methyl-be ...	2007	17303303
pilz domain proteins bind cyclic diguanylate and regulate diverse processes in vibrio cholerae.	cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is an allosteric activator and second messenger implicated in the regulation of a variety of biological processes in diverse bacteria. in vibrio cholerae, c-di-gmp has been shown to inversely regulate biofilm-specific and virulence gene expression, suggesting that c-di-gmp signaling is important for the transition of v. cholerae from the environment to the host. however, the mechanism behind this regulation remains unknown. recently, it was proposed that the pilz pr ...	2007	17307739
broad up-regulation of innate defense factors during acute cholera.	we used a whole-genome microarray screening system (affymetrix human genechips covering 47,000 different transcripts) to examine the gene expression in duodenal mucosa during acute cholera. biopsies were taken from the duodenal mucosa of seven cholera patients 2 and 30 days after the onset of diarrhea, and the gene expression patterns in the acute- and convalescent-phase samples were compared pairwise. of about 21,000 transcripts expressed in the intestinal epithelium, 29 were defined as transcr ...	2007	17307946
suitability of partial 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis for the identification of dangerous bacterial pathogens.	in a bioterrorism event a rapid tool is needed to identify relevant dangerous bacteria. the aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of partial 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and the suitability of diverse databases for identifying dangerous bacterial pathogens.	2007	17309636
antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in india.	indigenous uses of azadirachta indica a. juss (maliaceae) (locally known as neem) leaves in different parts of india for curing gastrointestinal disorder such as diarrhea and cholera is wide spread. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antisecretory activity of neem extract against vibrio cholerae, a causative agent of watery diarrhea such as cholera. the methanol extract of neem leaf was tested for its antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity ...	2007	17314018
multiplex pcr for detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the sxt element: application in the characterization of vibrio cholerae.	this study describes a multiplex pcr assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes and the sxt element in vibrio cholerae. conditions were optimized to amplify fragments of sulii (encoding sulfamethoxazole resistance), dfra1 (o1-specific trimethoprim resistance), dfr18 (o139-specific trimethoprim resistance), strb (streptomycin b resistance) and the sxt element simultaneously in one pcr. this multiplex pcr was evaluated on 142 v. cholerae isolates and the results correlated with the phe ...	2007	17314365
resonance raman spectroscopic investigation of the light-harvesting chromophore in escherichia coli photolyase and vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1.	photolyases and cryptochromes are flavoproteins that belong to the class of blue-light photoreceptors. they usually bind two chromophores: flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), which forms the active site, and a light-harvesting pigment, which is a 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamate (mthf) in most cases. in escherichia coli photolyase (ecphr), the mthf cofactor is present in substoichiometric amounts after purification, while in vibrio cholerae cryptochrome-1 (vccry1) the mthf cofactor is ...	2007	17316023
cholera vaccines.		2007	17317594
identification of residues critical for the function of the vibrio cholerae virulence regulator toxt by scanning alanine mutagenesis.	virulence factor expression in vibrio cholerae is controlled by the transcriptional regulatory protein toxt. toxt activates transcription of the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctx) and the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp), as well as accessory colonization factor (acf) genes. previous studies of toxt, a member of the arac family of proteins, have revealed that it consists of two domains, an n-terminal dimerization and environmental sensing domain, and a c-terminal dna binding domain. in this study, ...	2007	17320105
o3:k6 serotype of vibrio parahaemolyticus identical to the global pandemic clone associated with diarrhea in peru.	to determine if the vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 global pandemic clone has spread into peru.	2007	17321179
quinone reduction by the na+-translocating nadh dehydrogenase promotes extracellular superoxide production in vibrio cholerae.	the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae is influenced by sodium ions which are actively extruded from the cell by the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr). to study the function of the na(+)-nqr in the respiratory chain of v. cholerae, we examined the formation of organic radicals and superoxide in a wild-type strain and a mutant strain lacking the na(+)-nqr. upon reduction with nadh, an organic radical was detected in native membranes by electron paramagnetic resonance spect ...	2007	17322313
effect of fatty acids and cholesterol present in bile on expression of virulence factors and motility of vibrio cholerae.	bile induces pleiotropic responses that affect production of virulence factors, motility, and other phenotypes in the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae. since bile is a heterogeneous mixture, crude bile was fractionated, and the components that mediate virulence gene repression and enhancement of motility were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography (gc), and gc-mass spectrometry analyses. the unsaturated fatty acids detected in bile, arachidonic, linoleic, and oleic acids, d ...	2007	17261615
galactose-specific fimbrial adhesin of enteroaggregative escherichia coli: a possible aggregative factor.	a galactose-specific adhesin was isolated from the fimbriae of an enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) strain. the adhesin was found to be a high molecular weight aggregate of the 18-kda monomer. the dimeric (36 kda) and tetrameric (76 kda) forms appeared in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when a higher concentration of the adhesin was used. the iggad (igg against adhesin) obtained from the immune sera raised in rabbits against purified adhesin could detect all th ...	2007	17262177
protective role of autophagy against vibrio cholerae cytolysin, a pore-forming toxin from v. cholerae.	autophagy is the unique, regulated mechanism for the degradation of organelles. this intracellular process acts as a prosurvival pathway during cell starvation or stress and is also involved in cellular response against specific bacterial infections. vibrio cholerae is a noninvasive intestinal pathogen that has been studied extensively as the causative agent of the human disease cholera. v. cholerae illness is produced primarily through the expression of a potent toxin (cholera toxin) within the ...	2007	17267617
crystal structure of the carboxyltransferase domain of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pump from vibrio cholerae.	oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a membrane-bound multiprotein complex that couples oxaloacetate decarboxylation to sodium ion transport across the membrane. the initial reaction catalyzed by this enzyme machinery is the carboxyl transfer from oxaloacetate to the prosthetic biotin group. the crystal structure of the carboxyltransferase at 1.7 a resolution shows a dimer of alpha(8)beta(8) barrels with an active site metal ion, identified spectroscopically as zn(2+), at the bottom of a deep cleft. th ...	2007	17270211
evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of triphala against common bacterial isolates from hiv infected patients.	the isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. in the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of triphala and its individual components ( ...	2007	17273983
isolation and characterization of a new plasmid pspnp1 from a multidrug-resistant clone of streptococcus pneumoniae.	a novel streptococcus pneumoniae plasmid (pspnp1; 5413bp) has been isolated from the multidrug-resistant clone poland(23f)-16, and its complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. sequence analysis predicted seven co-directional open reading frames and comparative analyses revealed that plasmid pspnp1 is different to pdp1, the only previously described pneumococcal plasmid, whereas it is highly similar to pst08, a plasmid from streptococcus thermophilus. a double-stranded origin for replica ...	2007	17275906
regulation of the chitobiose-phosphotransferase system in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae harbours a phosphotransferase system (pts) enabling the organism to utilise chitosan oligosaccharide, e.g. derived from deacetylated chitin. as shown recently, this utilization system is encoded by the orfs vc1281-1283 (meibom et al. in proc natl acad sci usa, 101:2524-2529, 2004). by using a transcriptional reporter fusion technique, we identified the regulator of the system and characterised gene expression. furthermore, we found that gene expression of this pts system is influ ...	2007	17277949
the genome of non-o1 vibrio cholerae nrt36s demonstrates the presence of pathogenic mechanisms that are distinct from those of o1 vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae nrt36s is a non-cholera toxin-producing, non-o1 strain that causes diarrhea in volunteers. the genome of nrt36s was sequenced to create a draft containing 174 contigs plus the superintegron region. our analysis of the draft genome revealed several putative toxin genes and colonization factors. besides confirming the existence of nonagglutinable heat-stable toxin, we also identified the genes for a type three secretion system, a putative exotoxin, two different rtx toxins, and fou ...	2007	17283087
virstatin inhibits dimerization of the transcriptional activator toxt.	the development of antimicrobials is critical in this time of increasing antibiotic resistance of most clinically relevant bacteria. to date, all current antibiotics focus on inhibiting crucial enzymatic activities of their protein targets (i.e., trimethoprim for dihydrofolate reductase), thus disrupting in vitro essential gene functions. in contrast, we have previously reported the identification of virstatin, a small molecule that inhibits virulence regulation in vibrio cholerae, thereby preve ...	2007	17283330
iron acquisition in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has an absolute requirement for iron and must obtain this element in the human host as well as in its varied environmental niches. it has multiple systems for iron acquisition, including the tonb-dependent transport of heme, the endogenous siderophore vibriobactin and several siderophores that are produced by other microorganisms. there is also a feo system for the transport of ferrous iron and an abc transporter, fbp, which transports ferric iron ...	2007	17216354
the rbmbcdef gene cluster modulates development of rugose colony morphology and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, can undergo phenotypic variation generating rugose and smooth variants. the rugose variant forms corrugated colonies and well-developed biofilms and exhibits increased levels of resistance to several environmental stresses. many of these phenotypes are mediated in part by increased expression of the vps genes, which are organized into vps-i and vps-ii coding regions, separated by an intergenic region. in this study, we generated in-frame deletions ...	2007	17220218
detection of vibrio cholerae by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification.	a multitarget molecular beacon-based real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay for the specific detection of vibrio cholerae has been developed. the genes encoding the cholera toxin (ctxa), the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa; colonization factor), the ctxa toxin regulator (toxr), hemolysin (hlya), and the 60-kda chaperonin product (groel) were selected as target sequences for detection. the beacons for the five different genetic targets were evaluated by serial dilution of ...	2007	17220262
mosaic structure of p1658/97, a 125-kilobase plasmid harboring an active amplicon with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blashv-5.	escherichia coli isolates recovered from patients during a clonal outbreak in a warsaw, poland, hospital in 1997 produced different levels of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) of the shv type. the beta-lactamase hyperproduction correlated with the multiplication of esbl gene copies within a plasmid. here, we present the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid p1658/97 carried by the isolates recovered during the outbreak. the plasmid is 125,491 bp and shows a mosaic structure in which a ...	2007	17220406
ultrastructure of coccoid viable but non-culturable vibrio cholerae.	morphology of viable but non-culturable vibrio cholerae was monitored for 2 years by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. morphological changes included very small coccoid forms, after extended incubation at 4 degrees c and room temperature, and sequential transformation from curved rods to irregular (approximately 1 microm) rods to approximately 0.8 microm coccoid cells and, ultimately, to tiny coccoid forms (0.07-0.4 microm). irregular rod-shaped and coccoid cells were equally distri ...	2007	17222137