Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| similar trends of susceptibility in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles pharoensis to plasmodium vivax infection in ethiopia. | around half of the global population is living in areas at risk of malaria infection. plasmodium vivax malaria has become increasingly prevalent and responsible for a high health and socio-economic burden in ethiopia. the availability of gametocyte carriers and mosquito species susceptible to p. vivax infection are vital for malaria transmission. determining the susceptibility of vector species to parasite infection in space and time is important in vector control programs. this study assesses t ... | 2016 | 27756355 |
| composition and genetics of malaria vector populations in the central african republic. | in many african countries malaria has declined sharply due to a synergy of actions marked by the introduction of vector control strategies, but the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in central african republic (car). an entomological study was initiated with the aim to characterize the malaria vectors in bangui, the capital of car, and determine their vector competence. | 2016 | 27456078 |
| chicken volatiles repel host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. | anopheles arabiensis is a dominant vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa, which feeds indoors and outdoors on human and other vertebrate hosts, making it a difficult species to control with existing control methods. novel methods that reduce human-vector interactions are, therefore, required to improve the impact of vector control programmes. investigating the mechanisms underlying the host discrimination process in an. arabiensis could provide valuable knowledge leading to the development of ... | 2016 | 27439360 |
| evaluation of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against anopheles arabiensis when administered to zebu cattle (bos indicus) under field conditions. | although vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have been effective in kenya the transmission of malaria continues to afflict western kenya. this residual transmission is driven in part by anopheles arabiensis, known for its opportunistic blood feeding behaviour and propensity to feed outdoors. the objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug eprinomectin at reducing malaria vector density when applied to c ... | 2016 | 27317557 |
| mosquito host choices on livestock amplifiers of rift valley fever virus in kenya. | animal hosts may vary in their attraction and acceptability as components of the host location process for assessing preference, and biting rates of vectors and risk of exposure to pathogens. however, these parameters remain poorly understood for mosquito vectors of the rift valley fever (rvf), an arboviral disease, and for a community of mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27036889 |
| a review of bioinsecticidal activity of solanaceae alkaloids. | only a small percentage of insect species are pests. however, pest species cause significant losses in agricultural and forest crops, and many are vectors of diseases. currently, many scientists are focused on developing new tools to control insect populations, including secondary plant metabolites, e.g., alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids and alcohols, which show promise for use in plant protection. these compounds can affect insects at all levels of biological organization, b ... | 2016 | 26938561 |
| news from africa: novel anopheline species transmit plasmodium in western kenya. | 2016 | 26787151 | |
| consolidating tactical planning and implementation frameworks for integrated vector management in uganda. | integrated vector management (ivm) is the recommended approach for controlling some vector-borne diseases (vbd). in the face of current challenges to disease vector control, ivm is vital to achieve national targets set for vbd control. though global efforts, especially for combating malaria, now focus on elimination and eradication, ivm remains useful for uganda which is principally still in the control phase of the malaria continuum. this paper outlines the processes undertaken to consolidate t ... | 2016 | 27074809 |
| ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
| malaria vector populations across ecological zones in guinea conakry and mali, west africa. | malaria remains a pervasive public health problem in sub-saharan west africa. here mosquito vector populations were explored across four sites in mali and the republic of guinea (guinea conakry). the study samples the major ecological zones of malaria-endemic regions in west africa within a relatively small distance. | 2016 | 27059057 |
| 'nature or nurture': survival rate, oviposition interval, and possible gonotrophic discordance among south east asian anophelines. | mosquito survival, oviposition interval and gonotrophic concordance are important determinants of vectorial capacity. these may vary between species or within a single species depending on the environment. they may be estimated by examination of the ovaries of host-seeking mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27405767 |
| restriction to gene flow is associated with changes in the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector anopheles funestus. | resistance to pyrethroids, the sole insecticide class recommended for treating bed nets, threatens the control of major malaria vectors, including anopheles funestus effective management of resistance requires an understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms driving resistance. here, using genome-wide transcription and genetic diversity analyses, we show that a shift in the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in southern african populations of this species is associated with a restricted gen ... | 2016 | 28003461 |
| susceptibility status of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) commonly used as biological materials for evaluations of malaria vector control tools in madagascar. | madagascar is a malaria-endemic country with an increase in cases in recent years. in vector control using insecticide, a susceptible strain is necessary to evaluate insecticide efficacy, either for spraying or on nets. the susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo, madagascar to two organophosphate, three pyrethroid, two carbamate, and one organochlorine insecticides was investigated. since 2010, an. arabiensis strain has been maintained away from insecticide source during 110 ge ... | 2016 | 27364163 |
| increasing outdoor host-seeking in anopheles gambiae over 6 years of vector control on bioko island. | vector control through indoor residual spraying (irs) has been employed on bioko island, equatorial guinea, under the bioko island malaria control project (bimcp) since 2004. this study analyses the change in mosquito abundance, species composition and outdoor host-seeking proportions from 2009 to 2014, after 11 years of vector control on bioko island. | 2016 | 27113244 |
| evaluation of insecticides susceptibility and malaria vector potential of anopheles annularis s.l. and anopheles vagus in assam, india. | during the recent past, development of ddt resistance and reduction to pyrethroid susceptibility among the malaria vectors has posed a serious challenge in many southeast asian countries including india. current study presents the insecticide susceptibility and knock-down data of field collected anopheles annularis sensu lato and an. vagus mosquito species from endemic areas of assam in northeast india. anopheles annularis s.l. and an. vagus adult females were collected from four randomly select ... | 2016 | 27010649 |
| key knowledge gaps for plasmodium vivax control and elimination. | there is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. during the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. in addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. research on vivax malaria ... | 2016 | 27430544 |
| mapping the distribution of anopheles funestus across benin highlights a sharp contrast of susceptibility to insecticides and infection rate to plasmodium between southern and northern populations. | background. malaria remains an important public health issue in benin, with anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus s.s being the predominant vectors. this study was designed to generate information on an. funestus distribution, molecular speciation, plasmodium infection rate and insecticide susceptibility status across benin. methods. mosquito samples were collected from december 2014 to january 2016 in 46 localities in benin. these samples were mapped and an. funestus collected were spec ... | 2016 | 28191507 |
| the effect of mass mosquito trapping on malaria transmission and disease burden (solarmal): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial. | odour baits can attract host-seeking anopheles mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. we assessed the effects of mass deployment of odour-baited traps on malaria transmission and disease burden. | 2016 | 27520594 |
| enhancing attraction of african malaria vectors to a synthetic odor blend. | the deployment of odor-baited tools for sampling and controlling malaria vectors is limited by a lack of potent synthetic mosquito attractants. a synthetic mixture of chemical compounds referred to as "the mbita blend" (mb) was shown to attract as many host-seeking malaria mosquitoes as attracted to human subjects. we hypothesized that this effect could be enhanced by adding one or more attractive compounds to the blend. we tested changes in the capability of mb (ammonia + l-lactic acid + tetrad ... | 2016 | 27349651 |
| insights into resting behavior of malaria vector mosquitoes in mutare and mutasa districts of manicaland province, zimbabwe. | a study was conducted to investigate the current resting behavior of malaria vectors in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe. mosquitoes were captured using pyrethrum spray collection, prokopac aspirator, pit shelter, and exit trap methods. mosquitoes were sorted and identified using morphological key and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. the anopheles funestus group constituted 97%, whereas anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes were few (3%). endophilic collections in both species wer ... | 2016 | 27134207 |
| [temporary evolutions of flies anopheles in high altitude region of lwiro-katana (democratic republic of the congo)]. | this study has been done with the objective of knowing more about the anopheles evolutions situation at lwiro-katana from 1967 up to 2014. on seven species identified in this region, only four were permanent in nine investigations done. the geometric average calculated shows the evolution of 3.152 for anopheles funestus, 2.867 for an. gambiae, 2.663 for an. demeilloni and 2.441 for an. marshallii. these species share almost the same ecological conditions for their larval development found in dif ... | 2016 | 26818815 |
| the influence of insecticide resistance, age, sex, and blood feeding frequency on thermal tolerance of wild and laboratory phenotypes of anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae). | resistance to insecticides is a global phenomenon and is increasing at an unprecedented rate. how resistant and susceptible strains of malaria vectors might differ in terms of life history and basic biology is often overlooked, despite the potential importance of such information in light of changing climates. here, we investigated the upper thermal limits (ult50) of wild and laboratory strains of anopheles funestus giles mosquitoes, including resistance status, sex, age, and blood feeding statu ... | 2016 | 26718714 |
| risk factors for anopheles mosquitoes in rural and urban areas of blantyre district, southern malawi. | although urban malaria transmission is low and seasonal, it remains a major public health problem. this study aimed at demonstrating the presence of anopheles mosquitoes and their potential to transmit malaria in urban settings. | 2016 | 28321278 |
| an evaluation of the suitability of coi and coii gene variation for reconstructing the phylogeny of, and identifying cryptic species in, anopheline mosquitoes (diptera culicidae). | we assessed the practicality and effectiveness of using variation in the mitochondrial coi and coii genes to discriminate species and reconstruct the phylogeny of anophelene mosquitoes. phylogenetic relationships among the subfamily anophelinae were inferred from portions of the mitochondrial coi (92 species) and coii genes (108 species). phylogenetic trees were reconstructed on the basis of parsimony, maximum likelihood and bayesian methods. the suitability of coi and coii gene variation for id ... | 2016 | 27937065 |
| habitat partitioning of malaria vectors in nchelenge district, zambia. | nchelenge district in luapula province, northern zambia, experiences holoendemic malaria despite implementation of vector control programs. the major anopheles vectors that contribute to plasmodium falciparum transmission in this area had not previously been well defined. three collections performed during the 2012 wet and dry seasons and the 2013 wet season revealed anopheles funestus sensu stricto and anopheles gambiae sensu stricto as the main vectors, where 80-85% of each collection was comp ... | 2016 | 27001755 |
| molecular characterization reveals diverse and unknown malaria vectors in the western kenyan highlands. | the success of mosquito-based malaria control is dependent upon susceptible bionomic traits in local malaria vectors. it is crucial to have accurate and reliable methods to determine mosquito species composition in areas subject to malaria. an unexpectedly diverse set of anopheles species was collected in the western kenyan highlands, including unidentified and potentially new species carrying the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. this study identified 2,340 anopheline specimens using both ... | 2016 | 26787150 |
| some like it hot: a differential response to changing temperatures by the malaria vectors anopheles funestus and an. gambiae s.l. | with the possible implications of global warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in africa has become a subject of increasing interest. information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. we describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of an. funestus and an. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 °c in the cool season to a daytime maxi ... | 2017 | 28367367 |
| experimental hut evaluation of a novel long-lasting non-pyrethroid durable wall lining for control of pyrethroid-resistant anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in tanzania. | a novel, insecticide-treated, durable wall lining (itwl), which mimics indoor residual spraying (irs), has been developed to provide prolonged vector control when fixed to the inner walls of houses. permanet(®) itwl is a polypropylene material containing non-pyrethroids (abamectin and fenpyroximate) which migrate gradually to the surface. | 2017 | 28212636 |
| geographical distributions of african malaria vector sibling species and evidence for insecticide resistance. | many of the mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission belong to a sibling complex; a taxonomic group of morphologically identical, closely related species. sibling species often differ in several important factors that have the potential to impact malaria control, including their geographical distribution, resistance to insecticides, biting and resting locations, and host preference. the aim of this study was to define the geographical distributions of dominant malaria vector sibling ... | 2017 | 28219387 |
| preliminary survey on anopheles species distribution in botswana shows the presence of anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus complexes. | botswana is one of the four front line malaria elimination countries in southern africa, with malaria control activities that include routine vector control. past and recent studies have shown that anopheles arabiensis is the only known vector of plasmodium parasites in the country. this report presents a preliminary evaluation on anopheles species composition in seven districts of botswana with some inferences on their vectorial role. | 2017 | 28270213 |
| a new malaria vector mosquito in south africa. | south africa aims to eliminate malaria within its borders by 2018. despite well-coordinated provincial vector control programmes that are based on indoor residual insecticide spraying, low-level residual malaria transmission continues in the low-altitude border regions of the north-eastern sector of the country. in order to identify the underlying causes of residual transmission, an enhanced vector surveillance system has been implemented at selected sites in the mpumalanga and kwazulu-natal (kz ... | 2017 | 28262811 |
| malaria impact of large dams at different eco-epidemiological settings in ethiopia. | dams are important to ensure food security and promote economic development in sub-saharan africa. however, a poor understanding of the negative public health consequences from issues such as malaria could affect their intended advantages. this study aims to compare the malaria situation across elevation and proximity to dams. such information may contribute to better understand how dams affect malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings. | 2017 | 28250711 |
| beyond the entomological inoculation rate: characterizing multiple blood feeding behavior and plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection in anopheles mosquitoes in northern zambia. | a commonly used measure of malaria transmission intensity is the entomological inoculation rate (eir), defined as the product of the human biting rate (hbr) and sporozoite infection rate (sir). the eir excludes molecular parameters that may influence vector control and surveillance strategies. the purpose of this study was to investigate anopheles multiple blood feeding behavior (mbf) and plasmodium falciparum multiplicity of infection (moi) within the mosquito host in nchelenge district, northe ... | 2017 | 28122597 |
| biting behaviour of anopheles funestus populations in mutare and mutasa districts, manicaland province, zimbabwe: implications for the malaria control programme. | biting behaviour of anopheles funestus in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe, is little understood. an investigation was conducted to primarily compare indoor and outdoor biting behaviour of the mosquito, as well as blood meal sources and sporozoite rates. | 2017 | 27353581 |
| genomic footprints of selective sweeps from metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in african malaria vectors are driven by scale up of insecticide-based vector control. | insecticide resistance in mosquito populations threatens recent successes in malaria prevention. elucidating patterns of genetic structure in malaria vectors to predict the speed and direction of the spread of resistance is essential to get ahead of the 'resistance curve' and to avert a public health catastrophe. here, applying a combination of microsatellite analysis, whole genome sequencing and targeted sequencing of a resistance locus, we elucidated the continent-wide population structure of ... | 2017 | 28151952 |
| o'nyong-nyong fever: a neglected mosquito-borne viral disease. | o'nyong nyong virus (onnv), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is primarily transmitted through the bite of anopheles funestus and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, which are also malaria parasite vectors in africa. the virus, first isolated in uganda in 1959, is endemic in sub-saharan africa and has caused several major outbreaks both in west and east africa. onnv fever, characterized by severe arthralgia, is similar to chikungunya fever, with the exception of cervical lymphadenitis, which is peculiar to ... | 2017 | 28829253 |
| highly efficient site-specific mutagenesis in malaria mosquitoes using crispr. | anopheles mosquitoes transmit at least 200 million annual malaria infections worldwide. despite considerable genomic resources, mechanistic understanding of biological processes in anopheles has been hampered by a lack of tools for reverse genetics. here, we report successful application of the crispr/cas9 system for highly efficient, site-specific mutagenesis in the diverse malaria vectors anopheles albimanus, anopheles coluzzii, and anopheles funestus when guide rnas and cas9 protein are injec ... | 2017 | 29233915 |
| why some sites are responding better to anti-malarial interventions? a case study from western kenya. | in sub-saharan africa, malaria interventions over the last decades have been successful in reducing both mortality and morbidity. in western kenya however some areas experience contrasting outcomes of the ongoing interventions while the causes for this observation remains not yet clearly known. | 2017 | 29284476 |
| rdl mutations predict multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles sinensis in guangxi, china. | anopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in china. the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the rdl (resistant to dieldrin) gene, is the important target for insecticides of widely varied structures. the use of various insecticides in agriculture and vector control has inevitably led to the development of insecticide resistance, which may reduce the control effectiveness. therefore, it is important to investigate the presence and distribution frequency of the ... | 2017 | 29183375 |
| malaria vectors in the democratic republic of the congo: the mechanisms that confer insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | the democratic republic of the congo (drc) is characterized as a holoendemic malaria area with the main vectors being anopheles funestus and members of the anopheles gambiae complex. due to political instability and socio-economic challenges in the region, knowledge of insecticide resistance status and resistance mechanisms in these vectors is limited. mosquitoes were collected from a mining site in the north-eastern part of the country and, following identification, were subjected to extensive ... | 2017 | 29115954 |
| new evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | background: malaria mosquitoes form mating swarms around sunset, often at the same locations for months or years. unfortunately, studies of anopheles swarms are rare in east africa, the last recorded field observations in tanzania having been in 1983. methods: mosquito swarms were surveyed by trained volunteers between august-2016 and june-2017 in ulanga district, tanzania. identified anopheles swarms were sampled using sweep nets, and collected mosquitoes killed by refrigeration then identified ... | 2017 | 29184918 |
| indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission. | the widespread use of indoor-based malaria vector control interventions has been shown to alter the behaviour of vectors in africa. there is an increasing concern that such changes could sustain residual transmission. this study was conducted to assess vector species composition, feeding behaviour and their contribution to indoor and outdoor malaria transmission in western kenya. | 2017 | 29110670 |
| population dynamics and plasmodium falciparum (haemosporida: plasmodiidae) infectivity rates for the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) at mamfene, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | anopheles arabiensis (patton; diptera: culicidae) is a major malaria vector in the southern african region. in south africa, effective control of this species using indoor-based interventions is reduced owing to its tendency to rest outdoors. as south africa moves towards malaria elimination there is a need for complementary vector control strategies. one of the methods under consideration is the use of the sterile insect technique (sit). key to the successful implementation of an sit programme ... | 2017 | 28968846 |
| composition of anopheles mosquitoes, their blood-meal hosts, and plasmodium falciparum infection rates in three islands with disparate bed net coverage in lake victoria, kenya. | small islands serve as potential malaria reservoirs through which new infections might come to the mainland and may be important targets in malaria elimination efforts. this study investigated malaria vector species diversity, blood-meal hosts, plasmodium infection rates, and long-lasting insecticidal net (llin) coverage on mageta, magare and ngodhe islands of lake victoria in western kenya, a region where extensive vector control is implemented on the mainland. | 2017 | 28886724 |
| 2-butanone as a carbon dioxide mimic in attractant blends for the afrotropical malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. | most odour baits designed to attract host-seeking mosquitoes contain carbon dioxide (co2), which enhances trap catches, given its role as a mosquito flight activator. however, the use of co2 is expensive and logistically demanding for prolonged area-wide use. | 2017 | 28836977 |
| explaining variation in adult anopheles indoor resting abundance: the relative effects of larval habitat proximity and insecticide-treated bed net use. | spatial determinants of malaria risk within communities are associated with heterogeneity of exposure to vector mosquitoes. the abundance of adult malaria vectors inside people's houses, where most transmission takes place, should be associated with several factors: proximity of houses to larval habitats, structural characteristics of houses, indoor use of vector control tools containing insecticides, and human behavioural and environmental factors in and near houses. while most previous studies ... | 2017 | 28716087 |
| community perceptions on outdoor malaria transmission in kilombero valley, southern tanzania. | the extensive use of indoor residual spraying (irs) and insecticide-treated nets (itns) in africa has contributed to a significant reduction in malaria transmission. even so, residual malaria transmission persists in many regions, partly driven by mosquitoes that bite people outdoors. in areas where anopheles gambiae s.s. is a dominant vector, most interventions target the reduction of indoor transmission. the increased use of itns/llins and irs has led to the decline of this species. as a resul ... | 2017 | 28676051 |
| interventions that effectively target anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern tanzania. | malaria is transmitted by many anopheles species whose proportionate contributions vary across settings. we re-assessed the roles of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus, and examined potential benefits of species-specific interventions in an area in south-eastern tanzania, where malaria transmission persists, four years after mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins). monthly mosquito sampling was done in randomly selected households in three villages using cdc l ... | 2017 | 28542335 |
| control of malaria vector mosquitoes by insecticide-treated combinations of window screens and eave baffles. | we assessed window screens and eave baffles (wsebs), which enable mosquitoes to enter but not exit houses, as an alternative to indoor residual spraying (irs) for malaria vector control. wsebs treated with water, the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin, or the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl, with and without a binding agent for increasing insecticide persistence on netting, were compared with irs in experimental huts. compared with irs containing the same insecticide, wsebs killed similar proportio ... | 2017 | 28418299 |
| water source most suitable for rearing a sensitive malaria vector, anopheles funestus in the laboratory. | background: the insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles funestus, one of the main malaria vectors in the afrotropical regions, remains under-studied due to the difficulty of working with this mosquito species. collecting their larvae in natural breeding sites, rearing and maintaining them in normal laboratory conditions have been a difficult task. forced-egg laying technique has been a very good tool to generate eggs from adult mosquitoes collected from the wild but rearing these eggs to ... | 2017 | 29387806 |
| variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors. | background: mosquito behaviours including the degree to which they bite inside houses or outside is a crucial determinant of human exposure to malaria. whilst seasonality in mosquito vector abundance is well documented, much less is known about the impact of climate on mosquito behaviour. we investigated how variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting by malaria vectors, anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. methods: mosquitoes were sampled indoors and outdoors weekly using ... | 2017 | 29552642 |
| application of hydrolysis probe analysis to identify clade types of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles funestus sensu stricto from muheza, northeastern tanzania. | a hydrolysis probe analysis (taqman assay) was used to study clade types in anopheles funestus sensu stricto giles, a major malaria vector in sub-saharan africa, with specimens collected from muheza in tanga, northeastern tanzania. a total of 186 an. funestus specimens were analysed, revealing that 176 (94.6%) were of clade i and 10 (5.4%) of clade ii. these findings extend the distribution of clade type ii from southern mozambique and northern zambia to northeastern tanzania. the technique used ... | 2017 | 29068089 |
| insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae (s.l.), an. funestus and an. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of madagascar. | insecticide-based vector control, which comprises use of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs), is the key method to malaria control in madagascar. however, its effectiveness is threatened as vectors become resistant to insecticides. this study investigated the resistance status of malaria vectors in madagascar to various insecticides recommended for use in itns and/or irs. | 2017 | 28835269 |
| chromosome arm-specific patterns of polymorphism associated with chromosomal inversions in the major african malaria vector, anopheles funestus. | chromosomal inversions facilitate local adaptation of beneficial mutations and modulate genetic polymorphism, but the extent of their effects within the genome is still insufficiently understood. the genome of anopheles funestus, a malaria mosquito endemic to sub-saharan africa, contains an impressive number of paracentric polymorphic inversions, which are unevenly distributed among chromosomes and provide an excellent framework for investigating the genomic impacts of chromosomal rearrangements ... | 2017 | 28833796 |
| investigating knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism against pyrethroids/ddt in the malaria vector anopheles funestus across africa. | understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance is key to improve the surveillance and monitoring of malaria vector populations under control. in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus, little is currently known about the role of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism. here, we investigated the presence and contribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids/ddt resistance observed in anopheles funestus across africa. | 2017 | 28793859 |
| genome-wide transcription and functional analyses reveal heterogeneous molecular mechanisms driving pyrethroids resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus across africa. | pyrethroid resistance in malaria vector, an. funestus is increasingly reported across africa, threatening the sustainability of pyrethroid-based control interventions, including long lasting insecticidal nets (llins). managing this problem requires understanding of the molecular basis of the resistance from different regions of the continent, to establish whether it is being driven by a single or independent selective events. here, using a genome-wide transcription profiling of pyrethroid resist ... | 2017 | 28428243 |
| benchmarking insecticide resistance intensity bioassays for anopheles malaria vector species against resistance phenotypes of known epidemiological significance. | insecticide use via indoor residual spraying (irs) or treated nets is the primary method for controlling malaria vector populations. the incidence of insecticide resistance in vector populations is burgeoning globally making resistance management key to the design of effective malaria control and elimination strategies. vector populations can be assessed for insecticide resistance using a binary (susceptible or resistant) classification based on the use of the standard who insecticide susceptibi ... | 2017 | 28427447 |
| transposable elements in the anopheles funestus transcriptome. | transposable elements (tes) are present in most of the eukaryotic genomes and their impact on genome evolution is increasingly recognized. although there is extensive information on the tes present in several eukaryotic genomes, less is known about the expression of these elements at the transcriptome level. here we present a detailed analysis regarding the expression of tes in anopheles funestus, the second most important vector of human malaria in africa. several transcriptionally active te fa ... | 2017 | 28424974 |
| role of anopheles (cellia) rufipes (gough, 1910) and other local anophelines in human malaria transmission in the northern savannah of cameroon: a cross-sectional survey. | as part of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) in the north of cameroon, the unexpectedly high density and anthropophilic behaviour of anopheles rufipes lead us to investigate this species bionomics and role in human malaria parasite transmission. | 2017 | 28077167 |
| efficient method for establishing f1 progeny from wild populations of anopheles mosquitoes. | the changing malaria situation in madagascar requires additional knowledge on the physiology and behaviour of local mosquito vectors. however, the absence of established colonies for several anopheline species present in madagascar constitutes a limiting factor. to avoid labour intensive work and uncertainty for success of establishing anopheles colonies from malagasy species, field collections of blood-fed females and in-tube forced oviposition were combined to reliably produce large numbers of ... | 2017 | 28069024 |
| diversity in breeding sites and distribution of anopheles mosquitoes in selected urban areas of southern ghana. | anopheles vectors of malaria are supposedly less common in urban areas as a result of pollution, but there is increasing evidence of their adaptation to organically polluted water bodies. this study characterized the breeding habitats of anopheles mosquitoes in the two major urban areas in southern ghana; accra (ama) and sekondi-takoradi (stma) metropolitan areas, during dry and wet seasons. | 2017 | 28086941 |
| comparison of two adult mosquito sampling methods with human landing catches in south-central ethiopia. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the standard reference method for measuring human exposure to mosquito bites. however, hlc is labour-intensive, exposes collectors to infectious mosquito bites and is subjected to collector bias. these necessitate local calibration and application of alternative methods. this study was undertaken to determine the relative sampling efficiency (rse) of light traps with or without yeast-produced carbon dioxide bait vs. hlc in south-central ethiopia. | 2017 | 28086776 |
| absence of in vivo selection for k13 mutations after artemether-lumefantrine treatment in uganda. | individual drug treatment may select resistant parasites in the human body, a process termed in vivo selection. some single nucleotide polymorphisms in plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance transporter (pfcrt) and multidrug resistance gene 1 (pfmdr1) genes have been reportedly selected after artemether-lumefantrine treatment. however, there is a paucity of data regarding in vivo selection of p. falciparum kelch propeller domain (pfkelch13) polymorphisms, responsible for artemisinin-resist ... | 2017 | 28068997 |
| insights into malaria transmission among anopheles funestus mosquitoes, kenya. | most malaria vectors belong to species complexes. sibling species often exhibit divergent behaviors dictating the measures that can be deployed effectively in their control. despite the importance of the anopheles funestus complex in malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa, sibling species have rarely been identified in the past and their vectoring potential remains understudied. | 2018 | 30400976 |
| pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is exacerbated by overexpression and overactivity of the p450 cyp6aa1 across africa. | resistance to pyrethroids (the ingredients in bed net insecticides) in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is threatening recent gains in the fight against malaria. here, we established the role of an over-expressed p450, a. funestus cyp6aa1 in insecticides resistance. transcription profiling of cyp6aa1 across africa using microarray and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) revealed that it is significantly more over-expressed in southern african populat ... | 2018 | 29498712 |
| fitness costs of the glutathione s-transferase epsilon 2 (l119f-gste2) mediated metabolic resistance to insecticides in the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus. | metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. however, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. here, we assessed the association between the glutathione s-transferase gste2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of anopheles funestus. a total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female an. funestus (f₀) were collected in mibellon, cameroon (20 ... | 2018 | 30572680 |
| molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in an anopheles funestus population from benin. | insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is threatening the success of malaria control programmes. in order to implement suitable insecticide resistance management strategies, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms involved. to achieve this, the molecular basis of permethrin and ddt resistance in the principal malaria vector, anopheles funestus from inland benin (kpome), was investigated. | 2018 | 30458849 |
| evidence of insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and bendiocarb in anopheles funestus from tsararano, marovoay district, madagascar. | in madagascar, malaria control relies on the countrywide use of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (llins) and on indoor residual spraying (irs) in the central highland area as well as a small area on the eastern coast. we tested insecticide resistance mechanisms of anopheles funestus from tsararano, a malaria endemic village in the coastal health district of marovoay. | 2018 | 30402485 |
| eave ribbons treated with the spatial repellent, transfluthrin, can effectively protect against indoor-biting and outdoor-biting malaria mosquitoes. | long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying protect against indoor-biting and indoor-resting mosquitoes but are largely ineffective for early-biting and outdoor-biting malaria vectors. complementary tools are, therefore, needed to accelerate control efforts. this paper describes simple hessian ribbons treated with spatial repellents and wrapped around eaves of houses to prevent outdoor-biting and indoor-biting mosquitoes over long periods of time. | 2018 | 30333015 |
| experimental huts trial of the efficacy of pyrethroids/piperonyl butoxide (pbo) net treatments for controlling multi-resistant populations of anopheles funestus s.s. in kpomè, southern benin. | background: insecticides resistance in anopheles mosquitoes limits long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) used for malaria control in africa, especially benin. this study aimed to evaluate the bio-efficacy of current llins in an area where an. funestuss.l. and an. gambiae have developed multi-resistance to insecticides, and to assess in experimental huts the performance of a mixed combination of pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide (pbo) treated nets on these resistant mosquitoes. methods: the stud ... | 2018 | 30175242 |
| housing gaps, mosquitoes and public viewpoints: a mixed methods assessment of relationships between house characteristics, malaria vector biting risk and community perspectives in rural tanzania. | house improvement and environmental management can significantly improve malaria transmission control in endemic communities. this study assessed the influence of physical characteristics of houses and surrounding environments on mosquito biting risk in rural tanzanian villages, and examined knowledge and perceptions of residents on relationships between these factors and malaria transmission. the study further assessed whether people worried about these risks and how they coped. | 2018 | 30119666 |
| complete anopheles funestus mitogenomes reveal an ancient history of mitochondrial lineages and their distribution in southern and central africa. | anopheles funestus s.s. is a primary vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa. despite its important role in human plasmodium transmission, evolutionary history, genetic diversity, and population structure of an. funestus in southern and central africa remains understudied. we deep sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of an. funestus s.s. for the first time, providing a foundation for further genetic research of this important malaria vector species. we further an ... | 2018 | 29899497 |
| household-level and surrounding peri-domestic environmental characteristics associated with malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus along an urban-rural continuum in blantyre, malawi. | malaria is increasing in some recently urbanized areas that historically were considered lower risk. understanding what drives urban transmission is hampered by inconsistencies in how "urban" contexts are defined. a dichotomized "urban-rural" approach, based on political boundaries may misclassify environments or fail to capture local drivers of risk. small-scale agriculture in urban or peri-urban settings has been shown to be a major risk determinant. | 2018 | 29884176 |
| the impact of temperature on insecticide toxicity against the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | it is anticipated that malaria elimination efforts in africa will be hampered by increasing resistance to the limited arsenal of insecticides approved for use in public health. however, insecticide susceptibility status of vector populations evaluated under standard insectary test conditions can give a false picture of the threat, as the thermal environment in which the insect and insecticide interact plays a significant role in insecticide toxicity. | 2018 | 29606123 |
| molecular and physiological analysis of anopheles funestus swarms in nchelenge, zambia. | anopheles funestus has been recognized as a major malaria vector in africa for over 100 years, but knowledge on many aspects of the biology of this species is still lacking. anopheles funestus, as with most other anophelines, mate through swarming. a key event that is crucial for the an. funestus male to mate is genitalia rotation. this involves the 135° to 180° rotation of claspers, which are tipped with claws. this physical change then enables the male to grasp the female during copulation. th ... | 2018 | 29370805 |
| the importance of morphological identification of african anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for malaria control programmes. | the correct identification of disease vectors is the first step towards implementing an effective control programme. traditionally, for malaria control, this was based on the morphological differences observed in the adults and larvae between different mosquito species. however, the discovery of species complexes meant that genetic tools were needed to separate the sibling species and today there are standard molecular techniques that are used to identify the two major malaria vector groups of m ... | 2018 | 29357873 |
| spatial distribution and habitat characterization of mosquito species during the dry season along the mara river and its tributaries, in kenya and tanzania. | vector-borne diseases are increasingly becoming a major health problem among communities living along the major rivers of africa. although larger water bodies such as lakes and dams have been extensively researched, rivers and their tributaries have largely been ignored. this study sought to establish the spatial distribution of mosquito species during the dry season and further characterize their habitats along the mara river and its tributaries. | 2018 | 29343279 |
| high plasmodium infection rate and reduced bed net efficacy in multiple insecticide-resistant malaria vectors in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo. | accounting for approximately 11% of all malaria cases, the democratic republic of the congo (drc) is central to malaria elimination efforts. to support vector control interventions in drc, we characterized the dynamics and impact of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors in 2015. high plasmodium infection rates were recorded in anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus, with plasmodium falciparum predominant over plasmodium malariae. both mosquito species exhibited high and multiple resi ... | 2018 | 29087484 |
| status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in kwale county, coastal kenya. | the strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. this has led to significant decline in malaria transmission. however, these vector control strategies rely on insecticides which are threatened by insecticide resistance. in this study the status of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and it's implication in malaria transmission at the k ... | 2018 | 29304805 |
| using the human blood index to investigate host biting plasticity: a systematic review and meta-regression of the three major african malaria vectors. | the proportion of mosquito blood-meals that are of human origin, referred to as the 'human blood index' or hbi, is a key determinant of malaria transmission. | 2018 | 30563533 |
| exploring insecticide resistance mechanisms in three major malaria vectors from bangui in central african republic. | malaria remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the central african republic. however, the main malaria vectors remain poorly characterised, preventing the design of suitable control strategies. here, we characterised the patterns and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in three important vectors from bangui. mosquitoes were collected indoors, using electrical aspirators in july 2016 in two neighborhoods at bangui. who bioassays performed, using f2 an. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), re ... | 2018 | 30433868 |
| insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae from the northern democratic republic of congo, with extreme knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation frequencies revealed by a new diagnostic assay. | mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel at codon 1014 confer knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids in a wide range of insects. anopheles gambiae exhibits two mutant alleles at codon 1014, serine and phenylalanine; and both are now widespread across africa. existing screening methods only allow for one resistant allele to be detected per assay. a new locked nucleic acid (lna) qpcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of both mutant alleles and the wild type allele in a si ... | 2018 | 30400885 |
| first report of natural wolbachia infection in the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis in tanzania. | natural infections of the endosymbiont bacteria wolbachia have recently been discovered in populations of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in burkina faso and mali, west africa. this anopheles specific strain wanga limits the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum infections in the mosquito, thus it offers novel opportunities for malaria control. | 2018 | 30545384 |
| piperonyl butoxide (pbo) combined with pyrethroids in insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria in africa. | public health strategies that target mosquito vectors, particularly pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), have been largely responsible for the substantial reduction in the number of people in africa developing malaria. the spread of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes threatens these impacts. one way to control insecticide-resistant populations is by using insecticide synergists. piperonyl butoxide (pbo) is a synergist that inhibits specific metabolic enzymes within mosq ... | 2018 | 30488945 |
| first report of natural wolbachia infection in wild anopheles funestus population in senegal. | until very recently, anopheles were considered naturally unable to host wolbachia, an intracellular bacterium regarded as a potential biological control tool. their detection in field populations of anopheles gambiae sensu lato, suggests that they may also be present in many more anopheline species than previously thought. | 2018 | 30400987 |
| 16s metagenomic comparison of plasmodium falciparum-infected and noninfected anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus microbiota from senegal. | in the context of the pre-elimination of malaria, biological control may provide an alternative or additional tool to current malaria control strategies. during their various stages of development, mosquitoes undergo subsequent changes in their associated microbiota, depending on their environment and nutritional status. although anopheles gambiae s.l. and anopheles funestus are the two major malaria vectors in senegal, the composition of their microbiota is not yet well known. in this study, we ... | 2018 | 30350766 |
| dramatic decreases of malaria transmission intensities in ifakara, south-eastern tanzania since early 2000s. | ongoing epidemiological transitions across africa are particularly evident in fast-growing towns, such as ifakara in the kilombero valley, south-eastern tanzania. this town and its environs (population ~ 70,000) historically experienced moderate to high malaria transmission, mediated mostly by anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus. in early 2000s, malaria transmission [plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (pfeir)] was estimated at ~ 30 infectious bites/person/year (ib/p/yr). t ... | 2018 | 30326881 |
| field evaluation of the bg-malaria trap for monitoring malaria vectors in rural tanzanian villages. | bg-malaria (bgm) trap is a simple adaptation of the widely-used bg-sentinel trap (bgs). it is proven to be highly effective for trapping the brazilian malaria vector, anopheles darlingi, in field conditions, and the african vector, anopheles arabiensis, under controlled semi-field environments, but has not been field-tested in africa. here, we validated the bgm for field sampling of malaria vectors in south-eastern tanzania. using a series of latin-square experiments conducted nightly (6pm-7am) ... | 2018 | 30296287 |
| bionomics and insecticides resistance profiling of malaria vectors at a selected site for experimental hut trials in central cameroon. | malaria vectors are increasingly developing resistance to insecticides across africa. the impact of such resistance on the continued effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions remains unclear due to poor characterization of vector populations. this study reports the characterization of malaria vectors at mibellon, a selected site in cameroon for experimental hut study, including species composition, plasmodium infection rate, resistance profiles and mechanisms. | 2018 | 30165863 |
| efficacy and persistence of long-lasting microbial larvicides against malaria vectors in western kenya highlands. | chemical-based malaria vector control interventions are threatened by the development of insecticide resistance and changes in the behavior of the vectors, and thus require the development of alternative control methods. bacterial-based larvicides have the potential to target both insecticide resistant and outdoor-biting mosquitoes and are safe to use in the environment. however, the currently available microbial larvicide formulations have a short duration of activity requiring frequent re-appl ... | 2018 | 30064498 |
| detection of anopheles rivulorum-like, a member of the anopheles funestus group, in south africa. | the anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and anopheles funestus s.l. species complexes contain the most important malaria vectors in africa. within the an. funestus group of at least 11 african species, the vector status of all but the nominal species an. funestus appears poorly investigated, although evidence exists that anopheles rivulorum and anopheles vaneedeni may play minor roles. a new species, an. rivulorum-like, was described from burkina faso in 2000 and subsequently also found in camer ... | 2018 | 29764433 |
| insecticide resistance status of the malaria mosquitoes: anopheles gambiae and anopheles funestus in eastern and northern uganda. | uganda's malaria burden includes the sixth highest number of annual deaths in africa (10,500) with approximately 16 million cases (2013) and the entire population at risk. the president's malaria initiative has been supporting the malaria control interventions of indoor residual spraying (irs) and distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) in uganda since 2007. these interventions are threatened by emerging and spreading insecticide resistance, known to exist in ugandan malaria vector ... | 2018 | 29625585 |
| nationwide insecticide resistance status and biting behaviour of malaria vector species in the democratic republic of congo. | globally, the democratic republic of congo (drc) accounted for 9% of malaria cases and 10% of malaria deaths in 2015. as part of control efforts, more than 40 million long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) were distributed between 2008 and 2013, resulting in 70% of households owning one or more llins in 2014. to optimize vector control efforts, it is critical to monitor vector behaviour and insecticide resistance trends. entomological data was collected from eight sentinel sites throughout drc b ... | 2018 | 29580247 |
| the impact of periodic distribution campaigns of long-lasting insecticidal-treated bed nets on malaria vector dynamics and human exposure in dielmo, senegal. | the implementation of long-lasting insecticidal-treated bed nets (llins) has contributed to halving the mortality rate due to malaria since 2000 in sub-saharan africa. these tools are highly effective against indoor-feeding malaria vectors. thus, to achieve the world health assembly's new target to reduce the burden of malaria over the next 15 years by 90%, it is necessary to understand how the spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria vectors and human exposure to bites is modified in the context of s ... | 2018 | 29557325 |
| reactive case detection of plasmodium falciparum in western kenya highlands: effective in identifying additional cases, yet limited effect on transmission. | identifying asymptomatic reservoirs of malaria parasites using index cases as entry points into the community is potentially a cost-effective way towards achieving malaria elimination. | 2018 | 29534709 |
| elevated plasmodium infection rates and high pyrethroid resistance in major malaria vectors in a forested area of cameroon highlight challenges of malaria control. | high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) is the cornerstone of the malaria control strategy of the national malaria control program (nmcp) in cameroon, with a target of reducing malaria transmission to less than 10% by 2035. to this end, more than 20 million llins have been distributed to populations countrywide since 2011. the present study evaluated entomological indices and anopheles susceptibility to pyrethroids in a rural forested area of south cameroon with high coverage of ... | 2018 | 29519247 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of mosquitoes and risk of malaria infection in rwanda. | to date, the republic of rwanda has not systematically reported on distribution, diversity and malaria infectivity rate of mosquito species throughout the country. therefore, we assessed the spatial and temporal variation of mosquitoes in the domestic environment, as well as the nocturnal biting behavior and infection patterns of the main malaria vectors in rwanda. for this purpose, mosquitoes were collected monthly from 2010 to 2013 by human landing catches (hlc) and pyrethrum spray collections ... | 2018 | 29476726 |
| microdam impoundments provide suitable habitat for larvae of malaria vectors: an observational study in western kenya. | impoundments formed by microdams in rural areas of africa are important sources of water for people, but they provide potential larval habitats for anopheles (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes that are vectors of malaria. to study this association, the perimeters of 31 microdam impoundments in western kenya were sampled for anopheles larvae in three zones (patches of floating and emergent vegetation, shorelines of open water, and aggregations of cattle hoofprints) across dry and rainy seasons. of 3 ... | 2018 | 29462354 |
| vectorial transmission of malaria in major districts of côte d'ivoire. | to better understand the influence of periodic mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) on malaria transmission, a 1-yr entomological survey was conducted in three major districts of côte d'ivoire. mosquitoes were sampled by human landing catches (hlc) in urban and rural areas of san pedro and abidjan (coastal), and in yamoussoukro (central). mosquitoes were identified morphologically and by molecular methods. the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (csp) indices were measu ... | 2019 | 31785095 |
| bacterial larvicides used for malaria vector control in sub-saharan africa: review of their effectiveness and operational feasibility. | several trials and reviews have outlined the potential role of larviciding for malaria control in sub-saharan africa (ssa) to supplement the core indoor insecticide-based interventions. it has been argued that widespread use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions in many parts of africa result in many new areas with low and focal malaria transmission that can be targeted with larvicides. as some countries in ssa are making good progress ... | 2019 | 31470885 |