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[cat scratch disease as fever of unknown origin].the cat scratch disease is a relatively rare disease caused by bartonella henselae. only a small proportion of the cases that described extranodal involvement occurs. we report a 11 year old male patient with persistent fever, liver and osteoarticular involvement with a predominance of dorsolumbar spine. evolution was satisfactory with complete clinical and imaging evidenced recovery in several months of monitoring. case was analyzed considering eag published literature, emphasizing the need to ...201324248115
bone scintigraphy in children with cat scratch disease.the objective of this study was to evaluate the degree and incidence of bone involvement in patients with cat scratch disease.201324152635
managing iron supply during the infection cycle of a flea borne pathogen, bartonella henselae.bartonella are hemotropic bacteria responsible for emerging zoonoses. most bartonella species appear to share a natural cycle that involves an arthropod transmission, followed by exploitation of a mammalian host in which they cause long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia. persistence in erythrocytes is considered an adaptation to transmission by bloodsucking arthropod vectors and a strategy to obtain heme required for bartonella growth. bartonella genomes do not encode for siderophore biosynt ...201324151576
bartonella henselae infection in a man with hypergammaglobulinaemia, splenomegaly and polyclonal plasmacytosis.bartonella henselae is an infrequently reported cause of polyclonal plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobulinaemia. we herein document b. henselae infection in a 66-year-old patient who presented with hypergammaglobulinaemia, splenomegaly with polyclonal plasmacytosis, stroke, and suspected prosthetic aortic arch infection. clinicians should remain cognizant of the heterogeneous clinical presentations associated with bartonellosis.201323118473
detection of bartonella spp. dna in clinical specimens using an internally controlled real-time pcr assay.bartonella henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (csd), usually presenting itself as a -self-limiting lymphadenopathy. in this chapter an internally controlled taqman probe-based real-time pcr targeting the groel gene of bartonella spp. is described. this assay allows for the rapid, sensitive, and simple detection of bartonella spp. in samples from csd or endocarditis suspects, and it is suitable for implementation in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory.201323104292
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis and aneurism with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody: bartonella henselae endocarditis. 201323079393
bartonella henselae infection during tocilizumab therapy. 201323043897
bartonella henselae trimeric autotransporter adhesin bada expression interferes with effector translocation by the virb/d4 type iv secretion system.the gram-negative, zoonotic pathogen bartonella henselae is the aetiological agent of cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis in humans. two pathogenicity factors of b. henselae - each displaying multiple functions in host cell interaction - have been characterized in greater detail: the trimeric autotransporter bartonella adhesin a (bada) and the type iv secretion system virb/d4 (virb/d4 t4ss). bada mediates, e.g. binding to fibronectin (fn), adherence to endothelial ce ...201323163798
infection of human brain vascular pericytes (hbvps) by bartonella henselae.angiogenesis is an important physiological and pathological process. bartonella is the only genus of bacteria known to induce pathological angiogenesis in the mammalian host. bartonella-induced angiogenesis leads to the formation of vascular tumors including verruga peruana and bacillary angiomatosis. the mechanism of bartonella-induced angiogenesis is not completely understood. pericytes, along with endothelial cells, play an important role in physiological angiogenesis, and their role in tumor ...201323184416
detection of bartonella henselae dna in clinical samples including peripheral blood of immune competent and immune compromised patients by three nested amplifications.bacteria of the genus bartonella are emerging pathogens detected in lymph node biopsies and aspirates probably caused by increased concentration of bacteria. twenty-three samples of 18 patients with clinical, laboratory and/or epidemiological data suggesting bartonellosis were subjected to three nested amplifications targeting a fragment of the 60-kda heat shock protein (hsp), the internal transcribed spacer 16s-23s rrna (its) and the cell division (ftsz) of bartonella henselae, in order to impr ...201323328718
characteristics of bartonella spp. infections in poland in the years 2009-2012 identified in the laboratory of national institute of public health--national institute of hygiene.various bartonella species, (gram-negative aerobic bacilli) are etiologic agents ofzoonotic diseases called bartonelloses, which manifest with different symptoms depending on the bacterial species, reservoir and vector. in poland and europe, the most common bacterial species of the genus bartonella is bartonella henselae.201324741910
experimental infection of dogs with bartonella henselae and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii.the lack of a suitable infection model remains an important obstacle for the pathophysiological understanding of bartonella spp. the following pilot study was designed to determine whether cell culture-grown bartonella henselae sa2 and bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iii would cause persistent bacteremia in dogs. pre-inoculation screening established that two laboratory-raised golden retrievers were naturally-infected with bartonella koehlerae. despite prior infection, one dog eac ...201324120155
[an uncommon cutaneous presentation of cat scratch disease].herein we report a case of cat scratch disease on account of its atypical presentation.201324090891
[preauricular lymphadenopathy related to bartonella henselae].cat scratch disease is characterized by adenitis with usually positive outcome. we reported two cases of cat scratch disease with preauricular involvement occurring in immunocompetent patients.201324080238
accurate prediction of bacterial type iv secreted effectors using amino acid composition and pssm profiles.various human pathogens secret effector proteins into hosts cells via the type iv secretion system (t4ss). these proteins play important roles in the interaction between bacteria and hosts. computational methods for t4ss effector prediction have been developed for screening experimental targets in several isolated bacterial species; however, widely applicable prediction approaches are still unavailable201324064423
dual input control: activation of the bartonella henselae virb/d4 type iv secretion system by the stringent sigma factor rpoh1 and the batr/bats two-component system.the co-ordinated expression of virulence factors is a critical process for any bacterial pathogen to colonize its host. here we investigated the mechanisms of niche adaptation of the zoonotic pathogen bartonella henselae by combining genetic approaches and shotgun proteomics. we demonstrated that expression of the virb/d4 type iv secretion system (t4ss) and its secreted effector proteins require the alternative sigma factor rpoh1, which levels are controlled by the stringent response (sr) compon ...201324033511
retinal arterial occlusive disease in a young patient with cat scratch disease.to report an unusual case of a branch retinal arterial occlusion and bilateral multifocal retinitis in a young woman with cat scratch disease.201324019792
co-existence of acute transverse myelitis and guillain-barré syndrome associated with bartonella henselae infection.cat scratch disease (csd) is a benign, self-limiting condition associated with bartonella henselae. neurological manifestations are uncommon. acute transverse myelitis and guillain-barré syndrome have been reported rarely with csd. this report describes a 12-year-old boy with acute transverse myelitis and guillain-barré syndrome associated with csd.201323930734
serpiginous choroiditis secondary to bartonella henselae? 201323929519
directed shotgun proteomics guided by saturated rna-seq identifies a complete expressed prokaryotic proteome.prokaryotes, due to their moderate complexity, are particularly amenable to the comprehensive identification of the protein repertoire expressed under different conditions. we applied a generic strategy to identify a complete expressed prokaryotic proteome, which is based on the analysis of rna and proteins extracted from matched samples. saturated transcriptome profiling by rna-seq provided an endpoint estimate of the protein-coding genes expressed under two conditions which mimic the interacti ...201323878158
[bilateral neuroretinitis as an ocular manifestation of cat scratch disease in 9-year-old boy. a case report].1. to highlight a less-known clinical entity neuroretinitis and the need for differentiation of this entity from the other retinal disease that can mimic. 2. to be familiar with ocular finding in cat scratch disease.201323822598
bartonella species infection in cats: abcd guidelines on prevention and management.over 22 bartonella species have been described in mammals, and bartonella henselae is most common worldwide. cats are the main reservoir for this bacterium. b henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in man, a self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy, but also of other potentially fatal disorders in immunocompromised people.201323813816
the bartonella henselae sitabcd transporter is required for confronting oxidative stress during cell and flea invasion.bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen that possesses a flea-cat-flea transmission cycle and causes cat scratch disease in humans via cat scratches and bites. in order to establish infection, b. henselae must overcome oxidative stress damage produced by the mammalian host and arthropod vector. b. henselae encodes for putative fe²⁺ and mn²⁺ transporter sitabcd. in b. henselae, sitab knockdown increases sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. we consistently show that sitab knockdown decreases the a ...201323811032
[headaches, fever and dysuria in a 39-year-old man]. 201323790720
cat-scratch disease presenting as a solitary splenic abscess in an immunocompetent adult: case report and literature review.cat-scratch disease is a common zoonotic infectious disease caused by bartonella henselae. it is generally characterized by regional lymphadenopathy following exposure to an infected cat. organ systemic manifestations occur rarely in atypical forms of the disease. abscess of the spleen represents a rare, life-threatening clinical entity. here we report an unusual case of cat scratch disease presenting as an isolated splenic abscess in an immunocompetent adult. comprehensive social history reveal ...201323774977
macular hole: a rare complication of ocular bartonellosis.a 37-year-old woman presented with an anterior optic neuropathy related to bartonella henselae. twenty-nine days after symptom onset, a partial thickness macular hole developed in the involved eye. fundus photography and optical coherence tomography confirmed the conversion to a full-thickness macular hole in 2 months. macular hole as a complication of cat scratch disease is a rare entity, with 2 prior reported cases in children. the development of a macular hole following cat scratch disease ca ...201323681239
[accuracy and diagnostic utility of igm in bartonella henselae infections].laboratory diagnosis of cat scratch disease (csd) is based on the determination of specific antibodies anti-bartonella henselae by different techniques. the cdc recommends igg by immunofluorescent assay (ifa) as the gold standard.201323677149
[osteomyelitis in cat scratch disease: a case report and literature review].cat scratch disease is the most common zoonosis in humans and its typical expression is a persistent benign regional adenopathy. in some rare cases, mono- or multifocal osteomyelitis is described. in this paper, we report the case of bone lesions in a 13-year-old girl infected with cat scratch disease. we have also undertaken a literature review and analyzed 60 other such cases. the manifestation of a bone lesion associated with cat scratch disease was characterized by a mono- or multifocal infe ...201323628125
challenges in the diagnosis of culture negative vertebral osteomyelitis in adults: case of bartonella henselae infection. 201323618804
[neuroretinitis caused by bartonella henselae: a case with follow up through optical coherence tomography].the case of a 36 year-old male with neuroretinitis caused by bartonella henselae is reported, whose periodic follow-up was done through optical coherence tomography (oct). the onset of this disease was characterized by unilateral low visual acuity (va), painless, of sudden onset, in the right eye (re), associated to l febrile symptom. the funduscopic examination showed edema in the posterior pole which extended from the optical disc to the macular region in the re. the oct confirmed macular and ...201323612827
bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure.bartonella henselae is a zoonotic, alpha proteobacterium, historically associated with cat scratch disease (csd), but more recently associated with persistent bacteremia, fever of unknown origin, arthritic and neurological disorders, and bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis in immunocompromised patients. a family from the netherlands contacted our laboratory requesting to be included in a research study (ncsu-irb#1960), designed to characterize bartonella spp. bacteremia in people with e ...201323587194
[cat scratch disease with deradenoncus and high fever: report of one case].cat scratch disease (csd) is a bacterial disease caused by bartonella henselae. it is mainly characterized by self-limiting lymphadenopathy in the draining site after cat scratch or bite. this paper reported a case of cat scratch disease with deradenoncus and high fever, and discussed the etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, pathology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of csd.201323552796
diagnosis and follow-up of bartonella henselae infection in the spleen of an immunocompetent patient by real-time quantitative pcr.systemic bartonella henselae infections are unusual in immunocompetent adults. however, here we report one such case of bartonellosis in a 34-year-old patient, who presented with fever and multinodular splenomegaly. we also describe a novel method of identifying bartonella henselae by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of amplified products. this could prevent splenic bartonellosis being mistaken for lymphoma and thereby avert unnecessary splenectomy.201323518653
central scotoma without prodromal illness caused by bartonella henselae neuroretinitis.this case report describes bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in a 26-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with unilateral central scotoma and no prodromal symptoms, a unique presentation of this disease. b henselae, a gram-negative bacteria, is the cause of cat scratch disease. cat scratch disease (csd) is a self-limiting illness, which typically presents with regional lymphadenopathy, fever, and small skin lesions in associationwith a cat scratch or bite. the mostcommon ocu ...201323481153
bartonella henselae infection associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in a child.bartonella henselae was discovered a quarter of a century ago as the causative agent of cat-scratch disease. more recently, bartonella has been found to be responsible for a broad range of clinical syndromes (prolonged fever, hepatosplenic disease, encephalopathies, ocular disease) and associated with autoimmune conditions.201323446023
small indian mongooses and masked palm civets serve as new reservoirs of bartonella henselae and potential sources of infection for humans.the prevalence and genetic properties of bartonella species were investigated in small indian mongooses and masked palm civets in japan. bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (csd) was isolated from 15.9% (10/63) of the mongooses and 2.0% (1/50) of the masked palm civets, respectively. the bacteraemic level ranged from 3.0 × 10(1) to 8.9 × 10(3) cfu/ml in mongooses and was 7.0 × 10(3) cfu/ml in the masked palm civet. multispacer typing (mst) analysis based on nine inter ...201323433322
bartonella henselae infection: an uncommon mimicker of autoimmune disease.we present a case of a seven-year-old immunocompetent female patient who developed systemic symptoms mimicking an autoimmune rather than an infectious disease. the patient presented with rash, biquotidian fever, night sweats, and arthralgias. there was no antecedent history of cat contact. investigations showed increased inflammatory markers, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, hypercalcemia, and raised angiotensin-converting enzyme. interferon-gamma releasing assay for tuberculosis infection was nega ...201323424700
granulomatous lesions in bone marrow: clinicopathologic findings and significance in a study of 48 cases.granulomas in bone marrow are an infrequent finding related to various disorders. the aim of this study was to review our clinical experience with granulomatous bone marrow disease and to describe the contributions of recent diagnostic tools, such as (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)f-fdg-pet) and molecular biology.201323414770
atypical form of cat scratch disease in immunocompetent patient.cat scratch disease (csd) is an acute infectious disease with benign course caused by the bacteria bartonella henselae. clinically, it is usually manifested as regional lymphadenopathy and mild infective syndrome. rare forms of the disease which usually occur in immunocompromised presons are: encephalitis, transverse myelitis, neuroretinitis, granulomatosus conjunctivitis, arthritis, hepatitis etc.201323401934
depolymerization of cytokeratin intermediate filaments facilitates intracellular infection of hela cells by bartonella henselae.bartonella henselae is capable of invading epithelial and endothelial cells by modulating the function of actin-dependent cytoskeleton proteins. although understanding of the pathogenesis has been increased by the development of an in vitro infection model involving endothelial cells, little is known about the mechanism of interaction between b. henselae and epithelial cells. this study aims to identify the binding candidates of b. henselae in epithelial cells and explores their effect on b. hen ...201323359593
a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin prevents flea transmission of bartonella henselae in cats.bartonella henselae is transmitted amongst cats by ctenocephalides felis and is associated with multiple clinical syndromes in cats and people. in a previous study, monthly spot-on administration of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin was shown to block transmission of b. henselae amongst cats experimentally exposed to infected c. felis. the purpose of this study was to determine whether application of a flea and tick collar containing 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin would lessen c. felis transm ...201323351927
cat-scratch disease.to discuss the systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of bartonella infection.201424107122
unilateral neuroretinitis secondary to bartonella henselae infection. 201424106074
detection of serum antibodies against bartonella species in cats with sporotrichosis from rio de janeiro, brazil.cat scratch disease is a zoonosis caused by bartonella species, transmitted to humans through scratches or bites from infected cats and via direct contact with infected feces. sporotrichosis, caused by the fungal complex sporothrix, is transmitted by traumatic inoculation of the fungus. cats are important in zoonotic transmission. serum samples from 112 domestic cats with sporotrichosis and 77 samples from healthy cats were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), using the commercia ...201424127458
bartonella spp. in cats from buenos aires, argentina.in argentina, data on the presence of members of the genus bartonella is scarce. to increase knowledge about these zoonotic pathogens in this country, the presence and variability of bartonella spp. was investigated in cats and dogs from buenos aires. bartonella spp. was detected in 17.8% of cats, while all dogs tested negative by pcr and reverse line blot. b. henselae was the most frequent species, being detected in 11.9% (14/101), while b. clarridgeiae was found in only 5.9% (6/101) of the cat ...201424247021
experimental infection of dogs with various bartonella species or subspecies isolated from their natural reservoir.dogs can be infected by a wide variety of bartonella species. however, limited data is available on experimental infection of dogs with bartonella strains isolated from domestic animals or wildlife. we report the inoculation of six dogs with bartonella henselae (feline strain 94022, 16s rrna type ii) in three sets of two dogs, each receiving a different inoculum dose), four dogs inoculated with b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii type i (atcc strain, one mongrel dog) or type ii (coyote strain, two bea ...201424315039
comparative microbiological features of bartonella henselae infection in a dog with fever of unknown origin and granulomatous lymphadenitis.we report the first documented case of bartonella henselae infection in a dog from france and the first isolation of b. henselae from a dog with fever of unknown origin. this observation contributes to the "one health" concept focusing on zoonotic pathogens emerging from companion animals. a 1-year-old female german shepherd dog was referred for evaluation of fever of unknown origin of 1 month duration. diagnostic investigations confirmed diffuse pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. the dog became af ...201424310419
symptomatic peripheral mycotic aneurysms due to infective endocarditis: a contemporary profile.peripheral mycotic aneurysms (pmas) are a relatively rare but serious complication of infective endocarditis (ie). we conducted the current study to describe and compare the current epidemiologic, microbiologic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of patients with symptomatic pmas (spmas). a descriptive, comparative, retrospective observational study was performed in 3 tertiary hospitals, which are reference centers for cardiac surgery. from 922 definite ie episodes ...201424378742
cat-scratch disease: unusual perivascular chorioretinal lesions.this study is a case report of bilateral perivascular chorioretinal lesions associated with bartonella henselae. a 37-year-old woman presented with headache and blurred vision in both eyes aggravating occasionally during five years. she was otherwise healthy, with best-corrected visual acuities were 20/20 in both eyes. history of close contact with cats was more than merely eye-catching upon examination of her fundus. in both eyes, fundi were coated with yellow-brown pigmented perivenous chorior ...201425756063
vector-borne agents detected in fleas of the northern white-breasted hedgehog.this is the first large-scale molecular investigation of fleas from a geographically widespread and highly urbanized species, the northern white-breasted hedgehog. in this study, 759 fleas (the majority were archaeopsylla erinacei) collected from 134 hedgehogs were molecularly analyzed individually or in pools for the presence of three groups of vector-borne pathogens. all flea samples were positive for rickettsiae: in two samples (1.5%) rickettsia helvetica and in 10% of the others a novel rick ...201424359423
molecular detection of rickettsia felis and bartonella henselae in dog and cat fleas in central oromia, ethiopia.fleas are important vectors of several rickettsia and bartonella spp. that cause emerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. in this study, 303 fleas collected from domestic dogs and cats in ethiopia and identified morphologically as ctenocephalides felis felis, c. canis, pulex irritans, and echidnophaga gallinacea were tested for rickettsia and bartonella dna by using molecular methods. rickettsia felis was detected in 21% of fleas, primarily c. felis, with a similar prevalence in fleas from dogs and ...201424445204
evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of infection by leishmania infantum in clinically normal and sick cats.cats that live in areas where canine and human leishmaniosis due to leishmania infantum is endemic may become infected and may develop anti-leishmania antibodies. in this study 50 clinically normal and 50 cats with cutaneous and/or systemic signs that lived in an endemic area and had been previously examined for infection by l. infantum using pcr in four different tissues were serologically tested for the presence of anti-leishmania igg (ifat and elisa) and igm (ifat). the aim was to compare the ...201425307685
[cat scratch disease as a differential diagnosis in a patient with swelling in the groin].at scratch disease is caused by the bacteria bartonella henselae and presents in patients exposed to a scratch/bite from cats. we present a case with a 12-year-old boy with an enlarged inguinal lymph node, initially suspected to be a femoral hernia by ultrasonography. histologic examination of an inguinal lymph node showed necrosis and b. henselae infection. it is important with a thorough anamnesis including any history of animal bites/scratch and it should be kept in mind as a differential dia ...201425293409
exposure and risk factors to coxiella burnetii, spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsiae, and bartonella henselae among volunteer blood donors in namibia.the role of pathogen-mediated febrile illness in sub-saharan africa is receiving more attention, especially in southern africa where four countries (including namibia) are actively working to eliminate malaria. with a high concentration of livestock and high rates of companion animal ownership, the influence of zoonotic bacterial diseases as causes of febrile illness in namibia remains unknown.201425259959
[bartonella henselae infection-cat-scratch disease in children (case report)].this study was designed to investigate the 11 year old patient with cat scratch disease. the diagnoes of this infection was based on detailed history, physical examenination and para-clinical data analyses. in case of cat-scratch disease (because it is rare diagnosis), a different approach is required to every specific occaison. a series of investigations (most informative is intrinsic factor antibody - ifa) should be conducted to determain the cat-scratch disease from the various reasons of the ...201425214279
causative agents of kikuchi-fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis): a meta-analysis.kikuchi-fujimoto disease (kfd) is a self-limiting disorder characterized by histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in the cervical lymph nodes of young women. although an infectious etiology has been postulated, a definitive causative agent has not been identified. the few dozens of published studies are limited by small sample size and poorly structured study designs. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of each infectious agent to kfd that has been studied.201425200851
cat scratch disease.approximately 24,000 people are infected with cat scratch disease (csd) every year. csd is caused by the bacteria bartonella henselae, a gram-negative bacteria most often transmitted to humans through a bite or scratch from an infected cat or kitten. although csd is often a benign and self-limiting condition, it can affect any major organ system in the body, manifesting in different ways and sometimes leading to lifelong sequelae. it is a disease that is often overlooked in primary care because ...201425199244
[bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a peruvian national hospital, 2012].in order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. the sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the national institute of child health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. b. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunof ...201425123865
neuroretinitis in ocular bartonellosis: a case series.we report a case series of neuroretinitis in ocular bartonellosis and describe the serologic verification for bartonella henselae. this is a retrospective interventional case series of four patients who presented in the ophthalmology clinic of hospital universiti sains malaysia from june 2012 to march 2013. all four patients had a history of contact with cats and had fever prior to ocular symptoms. each patient presented with neuroretinitis characterized by optic disc swelling with macular star. ...201425120352
diagnosis of bartonella henselae prosthetic valve endocarditis in man, france. 201425061808
[seroprevalence of bartonella henselae and bartonella quintana in blood donors in aydin province, turkey].bartonella species cause several diseases in humans such as cat stratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, endocarditis, carrion disease and trench fever. cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis cases have already been reported in turkey. studies from our region, namely aydin (a province located at western anatolia, turkey) indicated that mean bartonella henselae igg seropositivity rate is 11.5% in risk groups and may reach to 26.5% in pet owners. the aim of this study was ...201425052114
pradofloxacin: a novel veterinary fluoroquinolone for treatment of bacterial infections in cats.pradofloxacin is a novel third-generation oral veterinary fluoroquinolone with activity against gram-positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobes (lower minimum inhibitory concentrations in vitro). it also has activity against other bacterial species, including bartonella henselae, pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica, extra-intestinal escherichia coli, and some mycobacterial species. this review focuses on the current knowledge of the mechanism of action, adverse effects, clinical applic ...201424997792
[cat scratch disease: still current zoonosis].a retrospective evaluation of a group of patients which is focused on clinical picture, serological diagnosis, therapy and familial occurrence of the disease.201424960257
single hypovascular focal splenic lesion from bartonella henselae infection. 201424883140
murine typhus associated with parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome in 2 children.an 11-year-old-girl and a 13-year-old-boy presented with characteristic findings of parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome. the girl was initially suspected of having bartonella henselae infection and the boy was initially diagnosed as francisella tularensis infection. both children had laboratory-confirmed infection with rickettsia typhi.201424853542
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bartonella henselae infection detection.several serological diagnostics rely on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect bacterial infections. however, for some pathogens, including bartonella henselae, diagnosis still depends on manually intensive, time-consuming assays including micro-immunofluorescence, western blotting or indirect immunofluorescence. for such pathogens, there is obviously still a need to identify antigens to establish a reliable, fast and high-throughput assay (dupon et al. ). we evaluated two b. hensel ...201424834970
bartonella henselae infection inducing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a kidney transplant recipient.bartonella henselae (bh) is the cause of cat-scratch fever. when infection is symptomatic, it typically presents with singular lymphadenitis and fever. less commonly, the infection can become disseminated and cause endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and micro-abscesses in multiple sites including liver, spleen, eyes, and brain, especially in immunocompromised patients. hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a rare and severe multisystem disorder that may be triggered by infections. in one prior c ...201424829973
fever and lymphadenitis in an immunocompromised patient.bartonella henselae infections are among the most common causes of fever and lymphadenopathies, but can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised hosts; early recognition of these infections is of paramount importance in immunocompromised patients.201424820922
multifocal chorioretinitis caused by bartonella henselae: imaging findings of spectral domain optical coherence tomography during treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 201424763244
[fever of unknown origin: a challenge for the pediatric infectious diseases specialist].prolonged febrile syndrome (pfs) is defined as fever 7-10 days, with initial study does not allow etiologic diagnosis.201424740780
a case report of seronegative cat scratch disease, emphasizing the histopathologic point of view.cat scratch disease, necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by bartonella henselae, usually benign and self-limited. however, various clinical manifestations and no pathognomonic histopathologic features can lead to misinterpretations and diagnostic disputes. we report a case of cat scratch disease in a 39-yr-old male patient with fever and left axillary lymphadenitis. he had a history of cat bite on the left hand dorsum. on excision, the lymph node showed follicular hyperplasia, stellat ...201424641870
bartonella henselae and b. koehlerae dna in birds. 201424589235
visceral cat scratch disease with endocarditis in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and review of the literature.infective endocarditis and hepatosplenic abscesses are rare manifestations of cat scratch disease (csd), especially among immunocompetent adults. an otherwise healthy woman who presented with fever and abdominal pain was diagnosed with multiple abscesses in the spleen and the liver, as well as a mitral valve vegetation. pcr on spleen tissue was positive for bartonella henselae. prolonged treatment with doxycycline and gentamicin led to complete recovery. review of the literature revealed 18 case ...201424575798
proteome-wide identification of predominant subcellular protein localizations in a bacterial model organism.proteomics data provide unique insights into biological systems, including the predominant subcellular localization (scl) of proteins, which can reveal important clues about their functions. here we analyzed data of a complete prokaryotic proteome expressed under two conditions mimicking interaction of the emerging pathogen bartonella henselae with its mammalian host. normalized spectral count data from cytoplasmic, total membrane, inner and outer membrane fractions allowed us to identify the pr ...201424486812
cat scratch disease in medellín, colombia.cat scratch disease (csd) is the most common zoonosis transmitted by household animals. there is limited data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of this disease in colombia. the typical presentation includes subacute or chronic lymph node infection following inoculation of bartonella henselae bacilli through a cat scratch. cats have a b. henselae seroprevalence as high as 90%. here, we report the case of a preschool boy from a rural area of antioquia, colombia, who presented with chro ...201425988023
touch not the cat bot a glove*: anca-positive pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis secondary to bartonella henselae.a 36-year-old male presented with a secondary, but anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (anca) (proteinase-3) positive, vasculitis with renal insufficiency due to a pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis. an infective process was initially excluded by blood cultures and an echocardiogram prior to immunosuppression. the patient's condition failed to improve and re-evaluation confirmed infective endocarditis requiring valve replacement. subsequent tissue cultures identified bartonella hensela ...201425852867
atypical presentation of cat-scratch disease in an immunocompetent child with serological and pathological evidence.typical cat-scratch disease (csd) is characterized by local lymphadenopathy following the scratch or bite from a cat or kitten. an atypical presentation which includes liver and/or spleen lesions is rarely reported in an immunocompetent child. systemic csd may mimic more serious disorders like malignancy or tuberculosis. although a diagnosis is difficult to establish in systemic csd, an early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment are important to prevent complications. bartonella henselae is di ...201425610689
possible infectious causes of spontaneous splenic rupture: a case report.spontaneous atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare but dramatic occurrence that is most commonly attributed to infection or neoplasia. deciphering the etiology can be challenging with many cases remaining unclear despite full investigation.201425433804
cat scratch disease, a rare cause of hypodense liver lesions, lymphadenopathy and a protruding duodenal lesion, caused by bartonella henselae.a 46-year-old woman presented with right upper abdominal pain and fever. at imaging, enlarged peripancreatic and hilar lymph nodes, as well as hypodense liver lesions, were detected, suggestive of malignant disease. at endoscopy, the mass adjacent to the duodenum was seen as a protruding lesion through the duodenal wall. a biopsy of this lesion, taken through the duodenal wall, showed a histiocytic granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. serology for bartonella henselae igm was highly elevated ...201425355744
bartonella henselae infections in an owner and two papillon dogs exposed to tropical rat mites (ornithonyssus bacoti).after raccoons were trapped and removed from under a house in new york, the owner and her two papillon dogs became infested with numerous rat mites (ornithonyssus bacoti). two weeks later, both dogs developed pruritus, progressively severe vesicular lesions, focal areas of skin exfoliation, swelling of the vulva or prepuce, abdominal pain, and behavioral changes. two months after the mite infestation, the owner was hospitalized because of lethargy, fatigue, uncontrollable panic attacks, depressi ...201425325313
bartonella species in fleas from palestinian territories: prevalence and genetic diversity.bartonellosis is an infectious bacterial disease. the prevalence and genetic characteristics of bartonella spp. in fleas of wild and domestic animals from palestinian territories are described. flea samples (n=289) were collected from 121 cats, 135 dogs, 26 hyraxes and seven rats from northern (n=165), central (n=113), and southern palestinian territories (n=11). the prevalent flea species were: ctenocephalides felis (n=119/289; 41.2%), ctenocephalides canis (n=159/289; 55%), and xenopsylla sp. ...201425424254
flea species infesting dogs in florida and bartonella spp. prevalence rates.several bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. however, few studies have investigated the prevalence of bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. the objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in florida, the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. fleas, serum, and ...201424268654
hepatosplenic cat scratch disease in immunocompetent adults: report of 3 cases and review of the literature.cat-scratch disease (csd) is the most frequent presentation of bartonella henselae infection. it has a worldwide distribution and is associated with a previous history of scratch or bite from a cat or dog. csd affects children and teenagers more often (80%) than adults, and it usually has a self-limiting clinical course. atypical clinical course or systemic symptoms are described in 5%-20% of patients. among them, hepatosplenic (hs) forms (abscess) have been described. the majority of published ...201425398062
bilateral mandibular pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis and pulmonary nodules in a dog with bartonella henselae bacteremia.this report describes a 2-year-old collie dog with pulmonary nodules, visualized by computed tomographic (ct) scan, with evidence of bartonella henselae bacteremia and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. clinical signs resolved with antimicrobial therapy.201425320386
prostatitis, steatitis, and diarrhea in a dog following presumptive flea-borne transmission of bartonella henselae.bartonella henselae is increasingly associated with a variety of pathological entities, which are often similar in dogs and human patients. following an acute flea infestation, a dog developed an unusual clinical presentation for canine bartonellosis. comprehensive medical, microbiological, and surgical interventions were required for diagnosis and to achieve a full recovery.201424920774
high-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in europe.due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout europe. therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. to accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (tbps), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from france, denmark, and the netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. this advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detect ...201425120960
irspi, a tick serine protease inhibitor involved in tick feeding and bartonella henselae infection.ixodes ricinus is the most widespread and abundant tick in europe, frequently bites humans, and is the vector of several pathogens including those responsible for lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis and bartonellosis. these tick-borne pathogens are transmitted to vertebrate hosts via tick saliva during blood feeding, and tick salivary gland (sg) factors are likely implicated in transmission. in order to identify such tick factors, we characterized the transcriptome of ...201425057911
comparison of serological and molecular panels for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases in dogs.canine vector-borne diseases (cvbd) are caused by a diverse array of pathogens with varying biological behaviors that result in a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and laboratory abnormalities. for many reasons, the diagnosis of canine vector-borne infectious diseases can be challenging for clinicians. the aim of the present study was to compare cvbd serological and molecular testing as the two most common methodologies used for screening healthy dogs or diagnosing sick dogs in which a vec ...201424670154
bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern portugal.feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. in addition to their veterinary importance, domestic cats play a central role in the transmission cycles of some fvbd agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels, a circumstance that requires a one health approach. the aim of the present work was to molecularly detect feline vector-borne bacteria and protozoa with veterinary and zoonotic importance, and to a ...201424655431
life-threatening angioedema of the tongue: the detection of the rna of b henselae in the saliva of a male patient and his dog as well as of the dna of three bartonella species in the blood of the patient.non-hereditary angioedema is a common disease with a prevalence between 5% and 19% and approximately half of the patients experience a swelling of the tongue. we report a case of a 49-year-old caucasian man with a gross life-threatening angioedema of the tongue, whose attacks occurred every 4 weeks. the most frequent causes of angioedema were excluded. we detected dna and rna from bartonella henselae in the blood and saliva of the patient and in the saliva of the patient's hunting dog. treatment ...201424654245
bacterial lymphadenitis at a major referral hospital in france from 2008 to 2012.lymph node enlargement is a common medical problem, and in a large number of patients, the causes of lymphadenopathy remain undiagnosed. we report a thorough microbiological analysis of 1,688 lymph node biopsy specimens collected in our bartonellosis reference center. we studied lymph node biopsy samples from patients with suspected regional infectious lymph node enlargement from january 2008 to december 2012. to evaluate a useful strategy for the diagnosis of infectious lymphadenitis, specimens ...201424478415
heterologous expression of bartonella adhesin a in escherichia coli by exchange of trimeric autotransporter adhesin domains results in enhanced adhesion properties and a pathogenic phenotype.human-pathogenic bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease and vasculoproliferative disorders. an important pathogenicity factor of b. henselae is the trimeric autotransporter adhesin (taa) bartonella adhesin a (bada), which is modularly constructed, consisting of a head, a long and repetitive neck-stalk module, and a membrane anchor. bada is involved in bacterial autoagglutination, binding to extracellular matrix proteins and host cells, and in proangiogenic reprogramming. the slow growth ...201424682330
zebrafish embryo model of bartonella henselae infection.bartonella henselae (bh) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that has been associated with a variety of human diseases, including bacillary angiomatosis that is characterized by vasoproliferative tumor-like lesions on the skin of some immunosuppressed individuals. the study of bh pathogenesis has been limited to in vitro cell culture systems due to the lack of an animal model. therefore, we wanted to investigate whether the zebrafish embryo could be used to model human infection with bh. our data s ...201425026365
bartonella henselae endocarditis in laos - 'the unsought will go undetected'.both endocarditis and bartonella infections are neglected public health problems, especially in rural asia. bartonella endocarditis has been described from wealthier countries in asia, japan, korea, thailand and india but there are no reports from poorer countries, such as the lao pdr (laos), probably because people have neglected to look.201425503777
relationship between degenerative joint disease, pain, and bartonella spp. seroreactivity in domesticated cats.recently, a potential association was identified between bartonella exposure and arthritides in mammalian species other than cats.201425327962
survey of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, haemotropic mycoplasmas and other arthropod-borne pathogens in cats from albania.albania is a country on the western part of the balkan peninsula. the mediterranean climate is favourable for the stable development of many arthropod species, which are incriminated as vectors for various agents. recently, several papers have reported on epidemiological aspects of parasitic diseases including vector-borne disease agents of dogs with zoonotic characteristics in albania. however, data on the epidemiology of feline parasitic and bacterial agents in albania is scarce.201424517118
prevalence of select vector-borne disease agents in owned dogs of ghana.ticks, sera and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) blood were collected from dogs evaluated at the amakom veterinary clinic in kumasi, ghana. sera were evaluated for dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia canis. conventional polymerase chain reaction assays designed to amplify the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of ehrlichia spp. or anaplasma spp. or neorickettsia spp. or wolbachia spp., babesia spp., rickettsia spp., hepa ...201425686301
co-infection with anaplasma platys, bartonella henselae, bartonella koehlerae and 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' in a cat diagnosed with splenic plasmacytosis and multiple myeloma.anaplasma platys (apl), 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (cmh), bartonella henselae (bh) and bartonella koehlerae (bk) were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and dna sequencing in a cat diagnosed with multiple myeloma. other inconsistently documented hematologic abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia and hypoglycemia. persistent apl infection was confirmed for the first time in a north american cat by sequencing three bacterial genes (16s rrna, ...201424445821
regional seroreactivity and vector-borne disease co-exposures in dogs in the united states from 2004-2010: utility of canine surveillance.vector-borne disease (vbd) pathogens remain an emerging health concern for animals and humans throughout the world. surveillance studies of ticks and humans have made substantial contributions to our knowledge of vbd epidemiology trends, but long-term vbd surveillance data of dogs in the united states is limited. this seroreactivity study assessed us temporal and regional trends and co-exposures to anaplasma, babesia, bartonella, borrelia burgdorferi, dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia spp., and spo ...201425325316
pathogenicity and treatment of bartonella infections.bartonella spp. are responsible for emerging and re-emerging diseases around the world. the majority of human infections are caused by bartonella henselae, bartonella quintana and bartonella bacilliformis, although other bartonella spp. have also been associated with clinical manifestations in humans. the severity of bartonella infection correlates with the patient's immune status. clinical manifestations can range from benign and self-limited to severe and life-threatening disease. clinical con ...201424933445
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