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an unusual presentation of brucellar septic arthritis involving the knee joint with extraarticular hardware: a case report.brucellosis is a zoonotic infection with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. we present a rare case of brucellosis with osteoarticular involvement complicated by a femoral intramedullary nail protruding the suprapatellar pouch. although brucella melitensis is a rare cause of brucellar septic arthritis, it should not be excluded from the list of suspected organisms in endemic areas for the disease.200818207411
comparison of heat shock response in brucella abortus and brucella melitensis.heat shock protein (hsp) is highly conserved, that serves a wide range of function in protein folding and transport. it protect from various type of stress including heat shocks. however, it is well known that the virulence of b. melitensis is more than b. abortus, but there is not any strong evidence to verify it. for this purpose, in refer to potent antigenicity of hsps in various infectious as well as some hsp molecules act as potent activator of macrophage (danger signal), we hypothesized th ...200818817188
antibacterial activity of the fruits of iranian torilis leptophylla against some clinical pathogens.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of torilis leptophylla was tested on eleven bacteria (bacillus anthracis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus licheniformis, brucella melitensis, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, proteus mirabilis, bordetella bronshiseptica and pseudomonas aeruginosa). tested extract was effective against all bacteria but not b. subtilis. consequently, the ethanolic extract had antibacter ...200818819541
[brucellosis spondilitis in a ten year boy].brucellosis is acute infectious disease classified as zoonosis, which can leave humans with chronic damages and disability. it can appear as sporadic cases or a smaller epidemic anywhere in the world but it is more common in some areas and there it presents significant public health issue. clinical picture is very variegated. a long period of latency is possible, unnoticed asymptomatic start or forms with mild clinical picture up to the forms with per acute septic-toxic shock and possible lethal ...200818822949
rare red rash. 200818823855
evaluation of a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis scheme for typing human brucella isolates in a region of brucellosis endemicity.brucellosis remains an important anthropozoonosis worldwide. brucella species are genetically homogeneous, and thus, the typing of brucella species for epidemiological purposes by conventional molecular typing methods has remained elusive. although many methods could segregate isolates into the phylogenetically recognized taxa, limited within-species genetic diversity has been identified. recently, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) was found to have a high degree of resolu ...200818923007
genomic island 2 of brucella melitensis is a major virulence determinant: functional analyses of genomic islands.brucella genomic islands (gis) share similarities in their genomic organization to pathogenicity islands from other bacteria and are likely acquired by lateral gene transfer. here, we report the identification of a gi that is important for the pathogenicity of brucella melitensis. the deletion of gi-1, gi-5, or gi-6 did not affect bacterial growth in macrophages as well as their virulence in interferon regulatory factor 1-deficient (irf-1(-/-)) mice, suggesting that these islands do not contribu ...200818641138
brucellosis vaccines: assessment of brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide rough mutants defective in core and o-polysaccharide synthesis and export.the brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the major neglected zoonoses. in endemic areas, vaccination is the only effective way to control this disease. brucella melitensis rev 1 is a vaccine effective against the brucellosis of sheep and goat caused by b. melitensis, the commonest source of human infection. however, rev 1 carries a smooth lipopolysaccharide with an o-polysaccharide that elicits antibodies interfering in serodiagnosis, a major problem in ...200818648644
brucella: a mr "hide" converted into dr jekyll.dr david bruce (1855-1931) first identified the causative agent of brucellosis as a small gram-negative alpha-proteobacterium, which was later on called brucella melitensis in his honor by meyer and shaw. nowadays, four strains exhibit pathogenicity in humans with b. melitensis being the least host specific and also the most infectious for humans. the other strains are brucella suis and brucella abortus and more recently human cases being infected with brucella cetaceae have been reported. why s ...200818664389
novel identification and differentiation of brucella melitensis, b. abortus, b. suis, b. ovis, b. canis, and b. neotomae suitable for both conventional and real-time pcr systems.we describe the development of a novel pcr assay for the rapid detection of members of the brucella genus, and the differentiation between six recognized brucella species. the assay has proven to be highly specific with the additional advantage of being suitable for use with both conventional and real-time pcr.200818675856
evaluation of brucella melitensis b115 as rough-phenotype vaccine against b. melitensis and b. ovis infections.brucella melitensis strain rev1 is used as vaccine for the prophylaxis of brucellosis in sheep and goats. because of its smooth phenotype, however, it induces antibodies directed to the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), thus unabling to distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals. it has been speculated that alternative vaccines could be live, attenuated brucella rough strains, which are devoid of the o-ps. b. melitensis b115 is a natural, attenuated, rough strain. ...200818675869
rifampicin resistance phenotyping of brucella melitensis by rpob gene analysis in clinical isolates.r rifampicin resistance of brucella melitensis by rpob gene analysis has not yet been performed in turkey, where brucellosis is endemic. in this study, we investigated the efficacy of e-test and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis of the b. melitensis rpob gene, for the detection of mutations conferring rifampicin resistance, by sequencing 21 human b. melitensis strains from the southeast and marmara regions of turkey. on clsi slow-growing bacteria standards, all isolates were sensitiv ...200818676221
acute infection by conjunctival route with brucella melitensis induces igg+ cells and ifn-gamma producing cells in peripheral and mucosal lymph nodes in sheep.the early distribution of brucella melitensis and the immune response induced in lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes (ln) draining the upper respiratory tract were analysed in sheep. an experimental acute infection was performed by inoculating the sheep with the virulent h38 strain of b. melitensis by the conjunctival route. the infection was rapidly controlled at the site of inoculation but resulted in a local and systemic dissemination of brucellae mainly in the pharyngeal tonsil, local and perip ...200818761416
multiplexed whole bacterial antigen microarray, a new format for the automation of serodiagnosis: the culture-negative endocarditis paradigm.the serological diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis due to coxiella burnetii, bartonella spp., brucella melitensis and legionella pneumophila is based on a manual immunofluorescence assay (ifa), which is taken to be the reference method. the automated ifa inodiag multiplexed antigenic microarray, which includes a slide with all the above bacteria and four internal controls, an incubator, a fluorescent reader and software with an algorithm of interpretation for infectious endocarditi ...200819076842
comparative assessment of passive surveillance in disease-free and endemic situation: example of brucella melitensis surveillance in switzerland and in bosnia and herzegovina.globalization and subsequent growth in international trade in animals and animal products has increased the importance of international disease reporting. efficient and reliable surveillance systems are needed in order to document the disease status of a population at a given time. in this context, passive surveillance plays an important role in early warning systems. however, it is not yet routinely integrated in the assessment of disease surveillance systems because different factors like the ...200819099610
tbk1 does not play a role in the control of in vitro burkholderia pseudomallei growth.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important intracellular pathogen in tropical regions. tank-binding kinase (tbk1), part of the pathway that induces transcription of type i interferon genes, has been demonstrated to play an important role in controlling intracellular bacterial infections. to investigate the role of tbk1 in protecting against b. pseudomallei we developed tbk1-deficient cell lines by using shrna for transient knockdown of the tbk1 gene in hela an ...200819121697
[a rare agent of pneumonia: brucella melitensis].brucellosis remains a world-wide public health problem especially in developing brucellosis remains a world-wide public health problem especially in developing countries. although involvement of the respiratory system in brucellosis is an acknowledged but rare event, its clinical manifestations and focal complications are often troublesome in making a diagnosis. herein, we report a pneumonia case which proved due to brucella melitensis in a 57-year-old man who presented with chronic cough, sputu ...200819123082
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 34-2008. a 58-year-old woman with neck pain and fever. 200818971496
evaluation of different serological techniques in laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis.diagnosis of brucellosis is vital for early institution of proper therapy as untreated cases may progress to chronic stage. though the demonstration of the causative agent in blood is considered as the most conclusive test in the diagnosis of brucellosis, isolation of brucella organism by blood culture is relatively low. hence a number of sensitive and rapid serological tests have been introduced for the diagnosis of brucellosis. in the present study, an attempt was made to compare the efficacie ...200818975512
[a rare complication of brucellosis: mitral valve endocarditis].early diagnosis of brucella endocarditis is of paramount importance because of its fatal consequences. the most commonly affected localization is the aortic valve, while mitral valve involvement is rare. a 44-year-old male patient with a history of rheumatic heart disease presented with fever, fatigue, and back pain. three consecutive blood cultures revealed growth of brucella melitensis. on transthoracic echocardiography, mitral valve area was 1.5 cm2 and there was mild mitral regurgitation. tr ...200818984985
immunohistochemical detection of brucella melitensis antigens in cases of naturally occurring abortions in sheep.brucella melitensis, a worldwide zoonotic pathogen, is a significant cause of abortion in sheep and goats in some countries. the present study was carried out to determine, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of b. melitensis antigens in 110 naturally occurring aborted sheep fetuses. sections of lung, liver, kidney, and spleen of each fetus were stained with immunoperoxidase to detect brucella antigens. brucella melitensis antigens were detected in 33 of 110 fetuses (30%). in the 33 positive c ...200818987234
family studies in brucellosis. 200819020802
in vitro synergistic activity of antibiotic combinations against brucella melitensis using e-test methodology.the treatment of brucellosis is still problematic, because of high rates of treatment failure or relapses. as the microorganism is an intracellular pathogen, treatment requires combined regimens. however, limited existing data on in vitro combinations are avaliable for brucellae. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro efficacy of various traditional and new antibiotic combinations against 16 brucella melitensis strains. the combination effect of antimicrobial agents was evaluated ...200824031207
an immunosensing system using stilbene glycoside as a fluorogenic substrate for an enzymatic reaction model.a natural product, stilbene glycoside (2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxydiphenylethylene-2-o-glucoside, tbg), has been evaluated for the first time as a potential substrate for horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalyzed fluorogenic reactions. the properties of tbg as a fluorogenic substrate for hrp and its application in a fluorometric enzyme-linked immunosensing system were compared with commercially available substrates such as p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (phppa), chavicol and amplex red using brucella meli ...200827873835
acute prostatitis as an uncommon presentation of brucellosis.the present report concerns a 46-year-old man who presented with acute prostatitis due to brucella melitensis infection. he was first treated with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, but after 3 months he was admitted again with the same diagnosis. the relapse was probably related to ciprofloxacin use, or the length of treatment not being sufficient. the patient was successfully treated with a combination of doxycycline and rifampin for 3 months. in conclusion, prostatitis due to brucella, such as sp ...200921686349
brucella melitensis, b. neotomae and b. ovis elicit common and distinctive macrophage defense transcriptional responses.brucella spp. establish an intracellular replicative niche in macrophages, while macrophages attempt to eliminate the bacteria by innate defense mechanisms. brucella spp. possess similar genomes yet exhibit different macrophage infections. few b. melitensis and b. neotomae enter macrophages with intracellular adaptation occurring over 4-8 hr. conversely, b. ovis are readily ingested by macrophages and exhibit a persistent plateau of infection. evaluating early macrophage interaction with brucell ...200919934366
brucella liver abscess; imaging approach, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic management: a case report.we report a new case of a brucellar liver abscess (brucelloma) in a young woman without previous remote brucellosis who presented with pronounced systemic and mild local symptoms. brucelloma is the result of calcification of a granoulomatous reaction induced by persistent brucella in macrophages. it represents a rare manifestation that follows previously undetected brucellosis. we describe the findings in plain radiograph, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images. together ...200919918510
coinfection is an important factor in epidemiological studies: the first serosurvey of the aoudad (ammotragus lervia).despite being considered an invasive ungulate outside its native range (north africa), little information exists regarding the role of the aoudad (also called barbary sheep, ammotragus lervia) as a pathogen reservoir. furthermore, in most epidemiological surveys the potential role of coinfections (e.g. a first infection may make the host more immuno-competent or susceptible against a second pathogen) as a risk factor is often neglected. in this study we first performed a serological survey for s ...200919020912
"hoof-print" genotyping and haplotype inference discriminates among brucella spp. isolates from a small spatial scale.we demonstrate that the "hoof-print" assay provides high power to discriminate among brucella isolates collected on a small spatial scale (within portugal). additionally, we illustrate how haplotype identification using non-random association among markers allows resolution of b. melitensis biovars (1 and 3). we recommend that future studies use haplotype identification when analyzing multilocus population genetic data to help discriminate among microbial isolates such as brucella.200919022402
mlva genotyping of human brucella isolates from peru.recent human brucella melitensis isolates from peru were genotyped by multiple locus variable number repeat analysis. all 24 isolates originated from hospitalized patients living in the central part of peru and consisted of six genomic groups comprising two to four isolates and nine unique genotypes. the isolates were most closely related to the two previously genotyped isolates from mexico, with a maximum distance of 2 to 4. the peruvian strains were clearly distinct from the east and west medi ...200919027131
efficacy of bp26 and bp26/omp31 b. melitensis rev.1 deletion mutants against brucella ovis in rams.brucella melitensis rev.1 is the most effective vaccine against b. ovis infection in sheep but induces antibodies interfering with b. melitensis diagnosis. brucella bp26 and omp31 proteins are differential diagnostic antigens. single or double bp26 and omp31 rev.1 deletion mutants have been proven effective against b. melitensis in sheep. here, the cgv26 (deleted in bp26 gene) and cgv2631 (deleted in both bp26 and omp31 genes) mutants have been tested for efficacy against b. ovis in rams. either ...200919007836
isolation of brucella melitensis from an abscess on the left foot of a 3-year-old infant.an unusual case of a 3-year-old girl with a brucellar foot abscess is reported. although direct microscopic examination of samples from the lesion did not reveal micro-organisms of any kind, a 7 day culture of caseous material yielded small colonies of gram-negative cocobacilli in löwenstein-jensen medium. these were biochemically and molecularly identified as brucella melitensis. the possibility of foot abscess being caused by brucella should be considered in countries where brucellosis is ende ...200919141748
bilateral knee arthroplasty infection due to brucella melitensis: a rare pathology? 200919157951
tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobials: a review of in vitro, animal and case report studies.tigecycline has been investigated in combination with other antibacterials against a wide range of susceptible and multiresistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. combinations have been analysed in vitro, in animal models and in human case reports. in vitro, tigecycline combined with other antimicrobials produces primarily an indifferent response (neither synergy nor antagonism). nevertheless, synergy occurred when tigecycline was combined with rifampicin against 64-100% of enterococcus ...200919162449
brucella bacteremia in a recipient of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a case report.abstract:200919173733
testicular nodules in a 16-year-old boy. 200919177033
the putative penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 2 are important for viability, growth and cell morphology of brucella melitensis.the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) are enzymes that regulate the assembly of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. the genome of brucella melitensis strain 16m possesses seven pbp genes: three in pbp-1 family (designated as 1a, 1b, and 1c); one in pbp-2 family; and three in pbp-6 family (designated as 6a, 6b, and 6c). we investigated the importance of pbp-1 and pbp-2 genes to viability, cell morphology and infectivity of b. melitensis. a recombinant b. melitensis strain (design ...200918809265
[clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of brucellosis: 45-patient study].the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, laboratory findings and therapeutic features of patients with brucellosis. the diagnosis was made by clinical findings, automated blood culture, serology (rose bengal plate agglutination test, standard tube agglutination (wright) and immunofluorerescence). the susceptibility of 13 strains was tested in vitro. the base sequence was determined for four strains. forty-five cases were collected (31 acute and 14 sub-acute). contamination was digesti ...200918387752
brucellar uveitis: intraocular fluids and biopsy studies.ocular brucellosis is usually diagnosed by clinical criteria and serological tests. little is known with regard to the ocular immunology of brucellosis and the use of intraocular diagnostic tests. we report retrospectively the laboratory findings of patients with ocular involvement associated with brucellosis.200919233701
fluoroquinolone-resistant brucella melitensis mutants obtained in vitro.three fluoroquinolone-resistant brucella melitensis mutants were obtained after successive passages on norfloxacin-containing agar plates. the original strain was b. melitensis biovar 2 atcc 23457. mutants emerged at frequencies ranging between 1 x 10(-6) and 3 x 10(-8). the three mutants showed a gyra ala71-->ser mutation as well as insertion of ala340. no mutations were observed in the parc and gyrb genes. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) increased by four- to eight-fold from the wild- ...200919243922
in vitro selection of fluoroquinolone resistance in brucella melitensis.moxifloxacin-resistant mutants of brucella melitensis 16m [moxifloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)=1mg/l] were selected in order to characterise fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in this species. eight independent mutants were obtained, with moxifloxacin mics of 16-32mg/l. the mutants displayed variable cross-resistance levels to other fluoroquinolone compounds, but no increased resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, rifampicin, macrolides or co-trimoxazole. sequencing of t ...200919261448
prosthetic valve endocarditis due to brucella: successful outcome with a combined strategy.infective endocarditis is a serious heart disease that can affect native and prosthetic valves. staphylococci and streptococci are the etiological agents in almost 80% of cases. human brucellosis is a multiple organ disease often transmitted via contaminated, unpasteurized goat milk and cheese. brucella endocarditis is a rare complication associated with elevated morbidity and mortality rates; it can affect native or, even more rarely, prosthetic valves. in this report, we present the successful ...200919283882
determining in vitro synergistic activities of tigecycline with several other antibiotics against brucella melitensis using checkerboard and time-kill assays.antimicrobial therapy of brucella spp. infection is difficult because there are relatively few effective treatment regimens, and single-agent therapy has generally been considered inadequate due to unacceptably high relapse rates. tigecycline, the first in a new class of antimicrobials, the glycylcyclines, is a 9-t-butylglycylamido derivate of minocycline. in this study, the in vitro activity of tigecycline in combination with gentamicin, streptomycin, rifampin, co-trimoxazole, levofloxacin, and ...200919297268
clinical characteristics and outcome of brucella endocarditis.brucella endocarditis, a rare complication of brucellosis, is the main cause of death attributable to this disease. there are difficulties in the diagnosis and uncertainty regarding many aspects of the treatment of brucella endocarditis. we retrospectively examined the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients diagnosed with brucella endocarditis. of the six patients diagnosed as having brucella endocarditis, four had valvular disease, one had aortic and mitral mechanic valve prosthesis ( ...200919299289
genotyping of brucella melitensis by rpob gene analysis and re-evaluation of conventional serotyping method.in turkey, where brucellosis is endemic, a comparison of conventional and molecular genotyping methods has not been published to date. in this study, we investigated the efficacy of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis of rpob gene in the genotyping of brucella melitensis strains by sequencing. in light of the molecular genotyping method available now in turkey, the adequacy of serological typing alone should be re-evaluated as a tool for epidemiologic studies of b. melitensis.200919305062
development and characterization of mouse models of infection with aerosolized brucella melitensis and brucella suis.there is a need to identify vaccines that can protect against brucella, a potential bioterrorism agent. we have developed mouse models of infection with aerosolized brucella melitensis and brucella suis and demonstrated their utility for the evaluation of vaccines using the model live b. melitensis vaccine strain rev.1.200919321692
epididymoorchitis due to brucella melitensis: review of 19 patients.we describe the clinical characteristics, treatment and long-term outcome of 19 patients with brucella epididymoorchitis treated at the department of urology.200919322001
antimicrobial activity of lactoperoxidase system incorporated into cross-linked alginate films.in this study, the antimicrobial effect of lactoperoxidase (lps) incorporated alginate films was investigated on escherichia coli (nrrl b-3008), listeria innocua (nrrl b-33314), and pseudomonas fluorescens (nrrl b-253) in presence of different concentrations of h(2)o(2) (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mm) and kscn (1, 2, and 4 mm). the incorporation of 70 nmol abts/min/cm(2) lps into alginate films gave 0.66 to 0.85 nmol abts/min/cm(2) enzyme activity at 0.2 to 0.8 mm h(2)o(2) concentration range. the antimi ...200919323761
[in vitro effect of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates alone and in combination with some antibiotics against brucella melitensis clinical isolates].brucella spp. replicate and survive in lympho-proliferative tissues and cells, thus effective treatment of brucellosis requires the combined and long term use of intracellularly active antibiotics. elimination of the microorganism largely depends on the reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates released by activated macrophages. in this study we aimed to determine the in vitro activity of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2; reactive oxygen intermediate) and acidified sodium nitrite (asn; reactive nitrogen ...200919334376
[retrospective evaluation of 15 cases with psoas abscesses].psoas abscesses are suppurative collections within the fascia surrounding the psoas and iliacus muscles. in this retrospective study it was aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings and treatment outcomes of 15 psoas abscess cases admitted to baskent university hospital, ankara, turkey during june 2003-january 2008 period. the mean age of the patients was 55.8 years (range 18 to 70 years) with a female to male ratio of 5/10. thirteen of the cases (86.5%) ...200919334388
[a brucellosis case with macular rash and peripheral neuropathy].brucellosis is a significant health problem especially in developing countries as turkey. skeletal system involvement is relatively a common complication of human brucellosis, however genitourinary, cardiovascular, neurovascular and skin involvements are less frequent. in this case report, a 36-years-old female patient with fever, arthralgia, disseminated macular rash at the extremities and body and peripheral polineuropathy has been presented. the patient, living at a rural area, had a history ...200919334392
analysis of ten brucella genomes reveals evidence for horizontal gene transfer despite a preferred intracellular lifestyle.the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen brucella infects a wide range of warm-blooded land and marine vertebrates and causes brucellosis. currently, there are nine recognized brucella species based on host preferences and phenotypic differences. the availability of 10 different genomes consisting of two chromosomes and representing six of the species allowed for a detailed comparison among themselves and relatives in the order rhizobiales. phylogenomic analysis of ortholog families show ...200919346311
presentation, complications, and treatment outcome of brucellosis in turkish children.brucellosis constitutes a public health problem in turkey. in endemic brucella melitensis areas such as turkey, children represent 20-25% of cases.200919371290
serological diagnosis of brucella infections in odontocetes.brucella ceti causes disease in odontoceti. the absence of control serum collections and the diversity of cetaceans have hampered the standardization of serological tests for the diagnosis of cetacean brucellosis. without a "gold" standard for sensitivity and specificity determination, an alternative approach was followed. we designed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) that recognizes immunoglobulins g (iggs) from 17 odontocete species as a single group. for the standardizati ...200919386800
simultaneous expression of homologous and heterologous antigens in rough, attenuated brucella melitensis.the possibility of expressing a homologous antigen and a heterologous antigen simultaneously in an attenuated brucella melitensis strain was investigated. the brucella wboa gene encoding a mannosyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide o-antigen, and the bacillus anthracis pag gene encoding the protective antigen (pa) were cloned into plasmid pbbr4mcs. the resulting plasmid was introduced into o-antigen deficient b. melitensis strain wrrp1 to produce strain wrspa. strain wrsp ...200919397881
comparative proteomics analyses reveal the virb of b. melitensis affects expression of intracellular survival related proteins.brucella melitensis is a facultative, intracellular, pathogenic bacterium that replicates within macrophages. the type iv secretion system encoded by the virb operon (virb) is involved in brucella intracellular survival. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially the target proteins affected by the virb, remain largely unclear.200919401764
single tube identification and strain typing of brucella melitensis by multiplex pcr.we report the development of a single-tube, multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) assay for simultaneous speciation and strain typing of brucella, the etiologic agent of brucellosis. our mlva assay consists of eight loci, two of which are species-specific markers that allow for definitive identification of brucella melitensis, b. abortus, and brucella species while ruling out related pathogenic bacterial genera. the remaining six loci are moderately variable loci capable of d ...200919410609
brucella melitensis global gene expression study provides novel information on growth phase-specific gene regulation with potential insights for understanding brucella:host initial interactions.brucella spp. are the etiological agents of brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease that causes abortion in animals and chronic debilitating illness in humans. natural brucella infections occur primarily through an incompletely defined mechanism of adhesion to and penetration of mucosal epithelium. in this study, we characterized changes in genome-wide transcript abundance of the most and the least invasive growth phases of b. melitensis cultures to hela cells, as a preliminary approach for i ...200919419566
chronic brucellosis and persistence of brucella melitensis dna.after acute brucellosis infection, symptoms persist in a minority of patients for more than 1 year. such patients are defined as having chronic brucellosis. since no objective laboratory methods exist to confirm the presence of chronic disease, these patients suffer delays in both diagnosis and treatment. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative real-time pcr (q-pcr) in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. thirty-five subjects with a well-documented h ...200919420176
characterization of possible correlates of protective response against brucella ovis infection in rams immunized with the b. melitensis rev 1 vaccine.vaccination with the live attenuated brucella melitensis rev 1 vaccine is used to control ovine brucellosis caused by brucella ovis in sheep. the objective of this study was to identify possible correlates of protective response to b. ovis infection through the characterization by microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr of inflammatory and immune response genes differentially expressed in rams previously immunized with b. melitensis rev 1 and experimentally challenged with b. ovis. gene ex ...200919428917
comparison of two multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis methods for molecular strain typing of human brucella melitensis isolates from the middle east.brucella species are highly monomorphic, with minimal genetic variation among species, hindering the development of reliable subtyping tools for epidemiologic and phylogenetic analyses. our objective was to compare two distinct multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) subtyping methods on a collection of 101 brucella melitensis isolates from sporadic human cases of brucellosis in egypt (n = 83), qatar (n = 17), and libya (n = 1). a gel-based mlva technique, mlva-15(igm), was ...200919439543
a report of two cases of brucellar sacroiliitis without systemic manifestations in greece.we report 2 cases of sacroiliitis in a 13-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy as the sole manifestation of brucella melitensis infection. this is a rare condition. throughout the course of the disease, neither the girl nor the boy had other signs of brucellosis. sacroiliitis was documented by positive results of technetium 99m scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging. isolation of b. melitensis from the blood and positive results of serologic methods established the diagnosis. treatment cons ...200919461380
targeting brucella melitensis with polymeric nanoparticles containing streptomycin and doxycycline.treatment and eradication of intracellular pathogens such as brucella is difficult because infections are localized within phagocytic cells and most antibiotics, although highly active in vitro, do not actively pass through cellular membranes. thus, an optimum strategy to treat these infections should address targeting of active drugs to the intracellular compartment where the bacteria replicate, and should prolong the release of the antibiotics so that the number of doses and associated toxicit ...200919493005
efficacy of ciprofloxacin versus doxycycline as prophylaxis against experimental murine brucella melitensis infection.the prophylactic potential of ciprofloxacin was assessed in comparison with doxycycline, an established therapeutic antibiotic, to limit or control infection by brucella melitensis in an experimental mouse model. ciprofloxacin treatment reduced bacterial loads in the spleens of challenged mice when administered prior to or at the same time as the bacterial challenge. in comparison, doxycycline provided much greater reductions in bacterial counts, even when treatment was initiated after infection ...200919500948
demonstration that cobg, the monooxygenase associated with the ring contraction process of the aerobic cobalamin (vitamin b12) biosynthetic pathway, contains an fe-s center and a mononuclear non-heme iron center.the ring contraction process that occurs during cobalamin (vitamin b(12)) biosynthesis is mediated via the action of two enzymes, cobg and cobj. the first of these generates a tertiary alcohol at the c-20 position of precorrin-3a by functioning as a monooxygenase, a reaction that also forms a gamma lactone with the acetic acid side chain on ring a. the product, precorrin-3b, is then acted upon by cobj, which methylates at the c-17 position and promotes ring contraction of the macrocycle by catal ...200919068481
rough mutants defective in core and o-polysaccharide synthesis and export induce antibodies reacting in an indirect elisa with smooth lipopolysaccharide and are less effective than rev 1 vaccine against brucella melitensis infection of sheep.classical brucellosis vaccines induce antibodies to the o-polysaccharide section of the lipopolysaccharide that interfere in serodiagnosis. brucella rough (r) mutants lack the o-polysaccharide but their usefulness as vaccines is controversial. here, brucella melitensis r mutants in all main lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathways were evaluated in sheep in comparison with the reference b. melitensis rev 1 vaccine. in a first experiment, these mutants were tested for ability to induce anti-o-pol ...200919186196
epididymo-orchitis due to brucellosis: not only to be considered in endemic areas. two cases for the price of three patients.we report 2 patients with epididymo-orchitis, caused by brucella melitensis, accompanied by severe delay of diagnosis. in 1 patient the correct diagnosis was only suspected after his wife had been diagnosed with brucellosis. our cases illustrate that diagnosing brucellosis can be difficult in nonendemic areas, especially when physicians are unfamiliar with it. important clues pointing to brucellosis as cause of epididymo-orchitis are a travel history to endemic areas, unresponsiveness to empiric ...200919506420
[spondylodiscitis caused by brucellosis: value of tirm-mr imaging]. 200919517350
construction and evaluation of an orfeome-based brucella whole-genome dna microarray.the genus brucella contains bacteria producing a zoonosis of large sanitary and economical impact. the complete nucleotide sequence of eight brucella isolates is currently available. this information can be used for high throughput approaches to the biology of this genus such as the construction of comprehensive collections of orf clones or orfeomes. the orfeome of brucella melitensis was a first contribution to this goal. using the brucella orfeome as starting material we have amplified each or ...200919524659
persistence of an atherogenic lipid profile after treatment of acute infection with brucella.serum lipid changes during infection may be associated with atherogenesis. no data are available on the effect of brucellosis on lipids. lipid parameters were determined in 28 patients with brucellosis on admission and 4 months following treatment and were compared with 24 matched controls. fasting levels of total cholesterol (tc), hdl-cholesterol (hdl-c), triglycerides, apolipoproteins (apo) a, b, e cii, and ciii, and oxidized ldl (oxldl) were measured. activities of serum cholesterol ester tra ...200919535817
the aaa(+) motor complex of subunits cobs and cobt of cobaltochelatase visualized by single particle electron microscopy.cobalamins belong to the tetrapyrrole family of prosthetic groups. the presence of a metal ion is a key feature of these compounds. in the oxygen-dependent (aerobic) cobalamin biosynthetic pathway, cobalt is inserted into a ring-contracted tetrapyrrole called hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide (hbad) by a cobaltochelatase that is constituted by three subunits, cobn, cobs and cobt, with molecular masses of 137, 37 and 71kda, respectively. based on the similarities with magnesium chelatase, cobalto ...200919545636
inos-producing inflammatory dendritic cells constitute the major infected cell type during the chronic leishmania major infection phase of c57bl/6 resistant mice.leishmania major parasites reside and multiply in late endosomal compartments of host phagocytic cells. immune control of leishmania growth absolutely requires expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos/nos2) and subsequent production of no. here, we show that cd11b+ cd11c+ ly-6c+ mhc-ii+ cells are the main inos-producing cells in the footpad lesion and in the draining lymph node of leishmania major-infected c57bl/6 mice. these cells are phenotypically similar to inos-producing inflamma ...200919557162
multiple cranial nerve involvement caused by brucella melitensis.a case of neurobrucellosis complicated by optic, abducens and vestibulocochlear nerve palsies is reported. brucella melitensis was isolated in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the patient was diagnosed with retrobulbar neuritis. despite medical treatment, the patient developed optic atrophy. multiple cranial nerve involvement should be kept in mind in patients presenting with blurred vision and double vision, especially in regions where brucellosis is endemic.200919593297
[nodular liver lesions with fever in a moroccan man: hepatic brucelloma].hepatic brucelloma is an exceptional localization in brucellosis. the purpose of this report is to describe an uncommon case involving a 42-year-old man hospitalized for febrile hepatic cytolysis. diagnosis was established based on positive rose bengal test results, positive blood culture, hypoechogenic masses on ultrasound, and hypodense enhancing masses on ct scan. hepatic brucelloma is a focal suppurative lesion occurring after undetected acute brucellosis or undertreated brucellosis. diagnos ...200920025187
brucella melitensis presenting as erythema nodosum-like lesions.brucellosis is a chronic granulomatous zoonosis with protean manifestations. cutaneous involvement in brucellosis is a relatively rare phenomenon. we describe a case of brucella melitensis infection presenting with erythema nodosum like skin lesions involving palms and soles in a 70 years old lady.200920042160
brucella melitensis: a rarely suspected cause of infections of genitalia and the lower urinary tract.we examined the clinical presentation and outcome of brucellar infections of genitalia and the lower urinary tract through a review of the medical records of 10 cases of male patients with brucellar infections of the genitalia and lower urinary tract. the mean age of the patients with brucellosis was 49.2, (median 52, range 15-77 years). eleven out of 17 patients were rural residents, 15 reported that they might have consumed unpasteurized dairy products, and four reported occupational exposure. ...200920140349
[a case of brucella prostatitis misdiagnosed as prostate carcinoma].brucellosis is a major public health problem in turkey and all over the world. joint pain, night sweats, anorexia, weakness, loss of weight and headache are the basic symptoms of brucellosis and the illness can affect many organs. genitourinary involvement is reported in 2-20% of cases, epididimoorchitis being the most frequent complication, however, prostatic involvement is far more uncommon. in this paper, a case of brucella prostatitis misdiagnosed as prostate carcinoma has been presented. a ...200919795627
brucellosis presenting as a spinal epidural abscess in a 41-year-old farmer: a case report.brucellar epidural abscess is rare but potentially fatal medical entity and very few cases have been reported so far. whilst in developed countries, cases of brucellar spondylitis and epidural abscess are unusual, since brucellosis has practically been eradicated in animals, in greece it is one of the most frequent zoonosis. by reporting this case report we want to stress out the importance of early diagnosis and management and also that physicians should keep an open mind and high index of susp ...200919830004
evaluation of automated and manual commercial dna extraction methods for recovery of brucella dna from suspensions and spiked swabs.this study evaluated automated and manual commercial dna extraction methods for their ability to recover dna from brucella species in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) suspension and from spiked swab specimens. six extraction methods, representing several of the methodologies which are commercially available for dna extraction, as well as representing various throughput capacities, were evaluated: the magna pure compact and the magna pure lc instruments, the it 1-2-3 dna sample purification kit, t ...200919846627
[obturatory abscess and pelvic pain caused by brucella melitensis].brucellosis which is a systemic infection, is seen endemically in turkey. although there a lot of complications related to brucellosis, soft tissue involvement is rare. in this case report a patient with mature cystic teratoma and a brucella related obturatory abscess, was presented. a 21-year-old female patient with bilateral pelvic pain was admitted to the hospital with complaints of weakness, backache and ab- dominal swelling. pelvic examination revealed bilateral adnexial sensitive masses. t ...200919621621
cytotoxicity of brucella smooth strains for macrophages is mediated by increased secretion of the type iv secretion system.some brucella rough mutants cause cytotoxicity that resembles oncosis and necrosis in macrophages. this cytotoxicity requires the type iv secretion system (t4ss). in rough mutants, the cell-surface o antigen is shortened and the t4ss structure is thus exposed on the surface. cytotoxicity effector proteins can therefore be more easily secreted. this enhanced secretion of effector proteins might cause the increased levels of cytotoxicity observed. however, whether this cytotoxicity is unique to th ...200919628564
immunogenic mimics of brucella lipopolysaccharide epitopes.brucella melitensis and brucella abortus are responsible for brucellosis in bovine and ovine species and for malta fever in humans. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of brucella is an important virulence factor and can elicit protective antibodies. because of their potential importance in vaccine design and in serological diagnosis, we developed peptides mimicking the antigenic properties of distinctive antigenic determinants of brucella lps. these peptides were selected from several phage display ra ...200919631246
establishment of systemic brucella melitensis infection through the digestive tract requires urease, the type iv secretion system, and lipopolysaccharide o antigen.human brucellosis is caused mainly by brucella melitensis, which is often acquired by ingesting contaminated goat or sheep milk and cheese. bacterial factors required for food-borne infection of humans by b. melitensis are poorly understood. in this study, a mouse model of oral infection was characterized to assess the roles of urease, the virb type iv secretion system, and lipopolysaccharide for establishing infection through the digestive tract. b. melitensis strain 16m was consistently recove ...200919651862
molecular epidemiology of brucella genotypes in patients at a major hospital in central peru.the multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis of 90 human brucella melitensis isolates from a large urban area in central peru revealed variations at 4 (bruce07, bruce09, bruce18, and bruce42) out of 16 loci investigated, of which 1 (bruce42) also is used for species identification. ten genotypes were identified, separated by the number of bruce42 repeats into two groups that may have distinct phenotypic characteristics. whereas genotypes with five or six bruce42 repeats were cultured mainl ...200919656979
transforming growth factor beta production correlates with depressed lymphocytes function in humans with chronic brucellosis.in chronic brucellosis due to brucella melitensis, cell-mediated responses were transiently depressed in comparison to antibody responses. to elucidate the mechanism of immunosuppression, we examined the role of transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) in cellular immune responses of 20 patients with chronic brucellosis. circulating tgf-beta1 level was markedly elevated is sera of patients with confirmed brucellosis as compared with those from brucella-negative healthy control subjects. in con ...200919665058
diagnosis of placental pathogens in small ruminants by immunohistochemistry and pcr on paraffin-embedded samples.a histological study was carried out on 58 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of placenta from sheep and goats that had aborted, and the placental lesions were graded. sequential histological sections of each cotyledon were then immunostained with specific antibodies and used for pcr detection of chlamydophila abortus, coxiella burnetii, salmonella abortusovis, brucella melitensis, listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii. most of the cotyledons showed different degrees of placenti ...200919666916
efficacy of moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin as prophylaxis against experimental murine brucella melitensis infection.the prophylactic potential of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin was assessed in comparison with doxycycline, an established therapeutic antibiotic, to limit or control infection by brucella melitensis in an experimental mouse model, determined by reduced bacterial burden in the spleen. although moxifloxacin was found to have a small protective effect when administered 6 h following infection, neither moxifloxacin nor gatifloxacin showed significant efficacy in vivo. in comparison, doxycycline provid ...200919682862
nondividing but metabolically active gamma-irradiated brucella melitensis is protective against virulent b. melitensis challenge in mice.brucella spp. are gram-negative bacteria that cause the most frequent zoonotic disease worldwide, with more than 500,000 human infections yearly; however, no human vaccine is currently available. as with other intracellular organisms, cytotoxic mechanisms against infected cells are thought to have an important role in controlling infection and mediating long-term immunity. live attenuated strains developed for use in animals elicit protection but retain unacceptable levels of virulence. thus, th ...200919703982
[modeling of brucella persistence in macrophage-like cells in vitro].to develop model of chronic brucellosis infection in macrophage-like cells in vitro and to study properties of persistence of brucella in them.200919715198
disruption of the bmei0066 gene attenuates the virulence of brucella melitensis and decreases its stress tolerance.brucella melitensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen. an operon composed of bmei0066, which encodes a two-component response regulator cenr, and bmei0067, which encodes a camp-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit, has been predicted to exist in many bacterial species. however, little is known about the function of this operon. in order to characterize this operon and assess its role in virulence, we constructed a marked deletion mutant of bmei0066. the mutant was less able to withs ...200919742243
[renal cyst infected by brucella].to report one case of renal cyst infected by brucella, an exceptional pathology in our environment.200919757673
brucellosis mimicking enteric fever.brucellosis is a systemic infection with multiple presentations. despite its oral transmission and gastrointestinal pathogenesis, systemic symptoms are usually more prominent than gastrointestinal complaints. we report a patient with enteric fever caused by brucella melitensis.200919759482
myocardial noncompaction presenting with brucella endocarditis.noncompaction of ventricular myocardium is a unique congenital cardiomyopathy with its own clinical presentation and course. it is more frequently associated with complications of congestive heart failure, thromboembolism and malignant ventricular arrhythmias; however, concomitance of valvular pathologies or infective endocarditis with noncompaction of ventricular myocardium has seldom been reported. we describe herein the first case of left ventricular myocardial noncompaction presenting with b ...200917931725
[brucella bacteremia reactivation 70 years after the primary infection].after primary infection, some bacteria can remain in a latent state for several years before a new bacteremia, often due to a weakened immune status. this is common for mycobacterium tuberculosis, less for other pathogens more difficult to have in mind when facing patients with fever. we report the case of an 84-year-old female patient presenting with fever in the months following antilymphoma chemotherapy, due to bacteremic brucellosis (with a hemophagocytic syndrome) probably latent after prim ...201019783113
molecular screening for rifampicin and fluoroquinolone resistance in a clinical population of brucella melitensis.the aim of this study was to determine, using molecular methods, whether rifampicin and fluoroquinolone resistance was present in a clinical brucella melitensis population.201019861338
cisplatin reduces brucella melitensis-infected cell number by inducing apoptosis, oxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.brucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic infections in domestic animals and humans. modulation of programmed cell death by brucella spp. may be one of the reasons of the chronicity of the infection. in this study, whether cisplatin treatment, an apoptotic anticancer agent, would enhance the host resistance against brucella melitensis-infected human macrophage-like cells was investigated. the infection neither induced inflammation nor oxidat ...201019818462
brucellosis in a dog caused by brucella melitensis rev 1. 201019828267
brucella infection in fresh water fish: evidence for natural infection of nile catfish, clarias gariepinus, with brucella melitensis.brucellosis is endemic among ruminants in the nile delta region of egypt, where recent reports suggest that the incidence of human infection is increasing. in this region the practice of throwing animal waste into nile canals is common. as a result, water can be contaminated with potential zoonotic pathogens such as b. melitensis that could infect fish. this study aimed at isolating and characterizing b. melitensis from nile catfish. serum samples from 120 catfish captured from nile canals and 1 ...201019880265
discordant brucella melitensis antigens yield cognate cd8+ t cells in vivo.brucella spp. are intracellular bacteria that cause the most frequent zoonosis in the world. although recent work has advanced the field of brucella vaccine development, there remains no safe human vaccine. in order to produce a safe and effective human vaccine, the immune response to brucella spp. requires greater understanding. induction of brucella-specific cd8+ t cells is considered an important aspect of the host response; however, the cd8+ t-cell response is not clearly defined. discoverin ...201019884330
evaluation of particulate acellular vaccines against brucella ovis infection in rams.the attenuated brucella melitensis rev 1 vaccine, used against brucellosis infection, interferes with serological diagnosis tests, may induce abortions in pregnant animals, and may infect humans. in order to overcome these drawbacks, we developed acellular vaccines based on a brucella ovis antigenic complex (hs) containing outer membrane proteins and r-lps entrapped in poly(anhydride) conventional and mannosylated nanoparticles (np-hs and man-np-hs) or in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microparticle ...201019887131
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