Publications

pulmonary haemorrhage as a predominant cause of death in leptospirosis in seychelles.	we examined the cause of death during a 12-month period (1995/96) in all consecutive patients admitted to hospital with leptospiral infection in seychelles (indian ocean), where the disease is endemic. leptospirosis was diagnosed by use of the microscopic agglutination test and a specific polymerase chain reaction assay on serum samples. seventy-five cases were diagnosed and 6 patients died, a case fatality of 8%. all 6 patients died within 9 days of onset of symptoms and within 2 days of admiss ...	2000	10748905
sin nombre hantavirus disease in a ten-year-old boy and his mother.		2000	10749469
[simultaneous leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the same patient].	the leptospirosis and the hantaviral infections are worldwide distributed zoonoses having the similar epidemiology and clinical symptoms. both in europe and asia those hantaviral serotypes are common which are responsible for the haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, while on the american continent the hantaviral pulmonary syndrome has also been diagnosed. authors describe a patient who had simultaneous leptospira and hantaviral infections with haemorrhagic fever as well as with mild, transien ...	2000	10750403
sin nombre virus (snv) ig isotype antibody response during acute and convalescent phases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	serum samples from 22 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) patients were tested for sin nombre virus (snv)-reactive antibodies. in the acute phase of hps, 100% and 67% of the samples tested positive for snv-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m and iga, respectively. among the virus-specific igg antibodies, the most prevalent were igg3 (in 97% of samples), followed by igg1 (70%), igg2 (30%), and igg4 (3%).	2000	10756154
serologic evidence of puumala virus infection in wild moose in northern sweden.	puumala (puu) virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, the scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. the infection is acquired by airborne transmission of puu virus from its rodent reservoir, the bank vole. besides serologic data indicating that the virus may spread also to heterologous rodents, there is little information on the susceptibility of wild living animals to puu virus. we studied the occurrence of antibodies to puu virus in serum samples from 427 wild ...	2000	10761733
[clinical case of the month. a new case of nephropathia epidemica due to puumala virus].	nephropathia epidemica due to puumala virus has already been described in belgium. its evolution is usually favourable. the main symptoms are fever, a decrease platelet count, proteinuria and acute renal insufficiency, which, in an epidemiological context, quickly point the correct diagnosis. acute and transitory myopia is typical. nevertheless, the clinical presentation, including multisystemic symptoms may lead to the false diagnosis of an acute bacterial or immune disease.	2000	10769579
annual update of systemic disease--1999: emerging and re-emerging infections (part ii).		2000	10770510
spatial and temporal dynamics of puumala hantavirus infection in red bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) populations in belgium.	dynamics of hantavirus infection and population densities in rodents were investigated from 1996 to 1999 in southern belgium. evidence of puumala infection was restricted to clethrionomys glareolus. although the serotype was not determined, antibodies against hantavirus were also found in eight apodemus sylvaticus. in fall 1996, the seroprevalence in c. glareolus was high (20.1%, 37 of 184) and the infection was widely distributed in the area studied whereas a focal occurrence of positive rodent ...	2000	10773322
persistent hantavirus infections: characteristics and mechanisms.	hantaviruses include serious human pathogens that are maintained in nature in persistently infected rodents and that can also persistently infect cultured mammalian cells, causing little or no cytopathology. the mechanisms of hantavirus persistence are only beginning to be explored. recent data point to subtle changes in the viral genome that might result in the differential regulation of replication and lead to persistence.	2000	10664598
role of maternal antibody in natural infection of peromyscus maniculatus with sin nombre virus.	data from naturally infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were used to investigate vertical transmission of sin nombre virus (snv) and snv-specific antibody. the antibody prevalence in juvenile mice (14 g or less) was inversely proportional to the mass of the animal, with juvenile deer mice weighing less than 11 g most likely to be antibody positive (26.9%) and juvenile mice weighing between 13 and 14 g least likely to be antibody positive (12.9%). although a significant sex bias in seropo ...	2000	10666274
development and evaluation of a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay based on andes hantavirus recombinant nucleoprotein.	hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) with high mortality rate has been reported in five countries in south america. rapid accurate methods are important both for monitoring acute infections and for epidemiological studies. the andes virus nucleoprotein amino acid sequence has a high identity percentage compared with other sequences of this region and has been chosen for the development of diagnostic reagents. andes nucleoprotein expressed in escherichia coli was applied as antigen in igg, iga and ...	2000	10670565
hantavirus infection in taiwan: the experience of a geographically unique area.	hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses, and they, mainly the hantaan (htn) serotype, are the causative agents of a group of febrile nephropathies known as "hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). " despite the fact that hfrs is frequently reported in china, with an annual incidence of 50,000-100,000 cases, one puzzling observation that no local case of hfrs has been confirmed in taiwan has yet to be explained. we hypothesized that the hantavirus strain prevailing in taiwan mainly belongs to ...	2000	10596027
accumulation of terminally deleted rnas may play a role in seoul virus persistence.	two independent, long-term infections were analyzed to determine whether changes in viral replication could contribute to the establishment and/or maintenance of persistent seoul virus infections. infected cell cultures initially contained high levels of infectious virus and intracellular viral rna that peaked between approximately 7 to 16 days postinfection and then gradually declined until day 26. after day 26, the viral titers and the levels of the small (s), medium (m), and large (l) viral r ...	2000	10627543
of mice, men, and microbes-hantavirus		2000	10613808
dengue versus hantavirus in cns infections.		2000	10902650
sin nombre virus in deer mice captured inside homes, southwestern montana.	from 1996 through 1999, 35 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were captured in 25 urban and suburban homes in southwestern montana. mice were captured throughout the year except for january; seven mice (20%) from seven (28%) of the homes were seropositive for sin nombre virus. the infected mice were mostly adult males captured in the spring and fall.	2000	10905973
the public health laboratory service (phls) and its role in the control of zoonotic disease.	the aetiology of zoonotic infections embraces organisms from every branch of the microbial world. in addition, zoonoses must be considered as a truly global problem, both in terms of their distribution and the measures required for their control. within the uk, zoonotic disease is considered to be less frequent than in some less developed parts of the world. however, its contribution to overall morbidity and mortality within the uk population is not well established. in an attempt to define the ...	2000	10913770
infectious exanthems and unusual infections.	invasive disease due to group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) can be divided into 3 categories of disease: streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (streptss), necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive gabhs disease. patients with streptss may have multiorgan failure within hours of presentation. clindamycin and penicillin g should be used in combination for treatment of invasive gabhs disease. the mortality rate for menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome has decreased with early recognit ...	2000	10916128
genetic diversity, distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in five countries in south america.	since 1995 when the first case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was reported in patagonia, there have been more than 400 cases of hps reported in five countries in south america. the first case of hps was associated with andes (and) virus. in this study, we report on the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and serological features of hantavirus infection in six countries in south america based on 87 hps cases from argentina, bolivia, chile, paraguay, and uruguay. an early immunog ...	2000	10921972
sex differences in seoul virus infection are not related to adult sex steroid concentrations in norway rats.	field studies of hantavirus infection in rodents report that a higher percentage of infected individuals are males than females. to determine whether males were more susceptible to hantavirus infection than females, adult male and female long evans rats (rattus norvegicus) were inoculated with doses of seoul virus ranging from 10(-4) to 10(6) pfu. the 50% infective doses (id(50)) were not significantly different for male and female rats (10(0.05) and 10(0.8) pfu, respectively). to determine whet ...	2000	10933735
[hantavirus infections].		2000	10943219
pronounced monocytosis in a case of nephropathia epidemica.	nephropathia epidemica is a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. thrombocytopenia is common and characteristic. we report here a case of a young man with nephropathia epidemica and marked transient monocytosis.	2000	10959653
the epidemiology of nephropathia epidemica in finland: clinical diagnosis vs. serological diagnosis.		2000	10959667
dual captures of colorado rodents: implications for transmission of hantaviruses.	we analyzed dual-capture data collected during longitudinal studies monitoring transmission and persistence of sin nombre virus in rodents in colorado. our data indicate that multiple captures (two or more rodents captured in a single trap) may not be random, as indicated by previous studies, but rather the result of underlying, species-specific social behavior or cohesiveness. in the pairs we captured, most often, rodents were of the same species, were male, and could be recaptured as pairs. th ...	2000	10970147
[outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome in egor'ev district of moscow region].	epizootological, serological, and molecular virological analysis of an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the egoryevsk district of moscow region (september 1995-january 1996) has been carried out. hantavirus (puumala) antigen and virus-specific antibodies were isolated from bank voles captured in the endemic focus. anti-puumala antibodies were detected in the sera of all hfrs patients and in 2% healthy residents of the endemic focus. analysis of nucleotide sequence (rna ...	2000	10971964
experimental infection model for sin nombre hantavirus in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoir hosts is not well understood. we successfully passaged a mouse-adapted strain of sin nombre virus from deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) by i.m. inoculation of 4- to 6-wk-old deer mouse pups. after inoculation with 5 id(50), antibodies to the nucleocapsid (n) antigen first became detectable at 14 d whereas neutralizing antibodies were detectable by 7 d. viral n antigen first began to appear in heart, lung, liver, spleen, and/or kidney by ...	2000	10973478
[the spread of hantaviruses in western siberia].	studies made in west siberia established the existence of at least 4 hantavirus types: puumala, tula, topografov, and dobrava/belgrade. the authors detected puumala virus genovariants in voles, tula virus in sagebrush and narrow-skulled voles, and topografov virus in siberian lemmings. the etiological role of the hantavirus dobrada/belgrade was defined in the structure of morbidity of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome. in russia, hantaviruses were first detected in mites: a hantavirus an ...	2000	10981407
pathogenicity of hantaan virus in newborn mice: genetic reassortant study demonstrating that a single amino acid change in glycoprotein g1 is related to virulence.	two hantaan virus strains, clone 1 (cl-1), which is virulent in newborn mice, and its attenuated mutant (mu11e10), were used to examine the pathogenesis of hantaan virus infection in a mouse model and identify virus factors relating to virulence. after subcutaneous inoculation of newborn balb/c mice, cl-1 caused fatal disease with high viral multiplication in peripheral organs, but mu11e10 produced nonfatal infection with a low level of virus multiplication. intracerebral inoculation of either s ...	2000	10982372
evaluation of two commercially available immunoassays for the detection of hantavirus antibodies in serum samples.	hantaviruses are members of the family bunyaviridae and the spectrum of clinical symptoms in humans may vary from sub-clinical to severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) or pulmonary syndrome (hps). several serotypes have been described from which at least five are pathogenic to humans. each serotype has a different animal reservoir and geographical distribution. in the acute phase of the disease the clinical diagnosis may be confirmed by serology or by polymerase-chain reaction (pc ...	2000	10996116
seroprevalence of human hantavirus infection in the ribeirão preto region of são paulo state, brazil.		2000	10998393
in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus.	bovine lactoferrin (lf) and ribavirin (rbv) were tested as antiviral agents against seoul type hantavirus (sr-11 strain) in vitro. hantaviral foci number in vero e6 cells infected with sr-11 was reduced with lf treatment by 5 days post infection to obtain a 50% effective dose (ed50) of 2500 microg/ml, while pretreatment with lf was highly efficacious having an ed50 of 39 microg/ml. conversely, 1 h pretreatment with rbv revealed no inhibition of viral focus formation but could significantly reduc ...	2000	11003470
renal function and blood pressure five years after puumala virus-induced nephropathy.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. its long-term prognosis is considered favorable. some reports suggest, however, that a previous hantavirus infection increases the risk of hypertension.	2000	11012905
evolutionary diversification of protein-coding genes of hantaviruses.	phylogenetic analyses of the s:, m, and l: genes of the hantaviruses (bunyaviridae: hantavirus) revealed three well-differentiated clades corresponding to viruses parasitic on three subfamilies (murinae, arvicolinae, and sigmodontinae) of the rodent family muridae. in rooted trees of m: and l: genes, the viruses with hosts belonging to murinae formed an outgroup to those with hosts in arvicolinae and sigmodontinae. this phylogeny corresponded with a phylogeny of the murid subfamilies based on mi ...	2000	11018161
setting a trap for hantavirus.		2000	11022538
[serological diagnosis and nasopharyngeal washings in pediatric infections].	in the course of respiratory infections, the efficacy of microbiologic diagnosis has increased years after years, in term of specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. new pathogenic agents have been described such as: legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, hantavirus. some viruses have been well characterized as responsible for seasonal outbreaks using rapid tools for identification. needs for efficient diagnostic tools became more obvious when specific antiviral drugs appeared on the market ...	2000	11028183
[hantavirus: recent data and review of the literature].	hantavirus (bunyaviridae family) are present worldwide and are the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal or pulmonary syndrome. these viruses are transmitted by rodents with asymptomatic infection which thus act as an excellent reservoir. molecular epidemiology indicates that hantavirus may have evolved in three ways: mutations within the genome, reassortment of the segmented genome between two closely related hantavirus, and genomic recombination, a relatively rare phenomenon among n ...	2000	11030053
clinical aspects of nephropathia epidemica (puumala virus infection) in europe: a review.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a prevalent zoonosis throughout europe and is caused by the puumala type of hantavirus. the incidence of ne varies in a cyclic fashion, with peaks occurring every 3rd to 4th year, coinciding with peaks in vole populations. the clinical course of ne is generally milder than haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by hantaviruses in other parts of the world. typically, ne has a sudden onset with fever, headache, backpain and gastrointestinal symptoms. however, ...	2000	10826895
using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.	the 1993 u.s. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) outbreak was attributed to environmental conditions and increased rodent populations caused by unusual weather in 1991- 92. in a case-control study to test this hypothesis, we estimated precipitation at 28 hps and 170 control sites during the springs of 1992 and 1993 and compared it with precipitation during the previous 6 years by using rainfall patterns at 196 weather stations. we also used elevation data and landsat thematic mapper satellite i ...	2000	10827113
remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting sin nombre virus infections in deer mice.	we tested environmental data from remote sensing and geographic information system maps as indicators of sin nombre virus (snv) infections in deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations in the walker river basin, nevada and california. we determined by serologic testing the presence of snv infections in deer mice from 144 field sites. we used remote sensing and geographic information systems data to characterize the vegetation type and density, elevation, slope, and hydrologic features of ea ...	2000	10827114
renal failure and hantavirus infection in europe.		2000	10831620
diagnostic potential of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in drosophila melanogaster cells.	puumala virus (puu) nucleocapsid protein (n) was expressed in insect cells by using the drosophila expression system (des; invitrogen bv, groningen, the netherlands). stable transfectants were established by hygromycin b selection and showed continuous expression of the recombinant protein (des-puu-n) for at least 5 months. the antigenic property of des-puu-n was shown to be identical to that of native puu n when examined with a panel of hantavirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. enzyme-linked i ...	2000	10834996
detection of hantaan and seoul viruses by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in renal syndrome patients with hemorrhagic fever.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), also called korean hemorrhagic fever (khf), is the most common cause of acute renal failure in the far east. two serotypes of hantavirus, hantaan and seoul viruses are known pathogens for hfrs in korea.	2000	10711409
scientific community. controversy claims cdc lab chief.		2000	10712145
a neutralizing recombinant human antibody fab fragment against puumala hantavirus.	a combinatorial human antibody fab pcomb3h library, generated from splenic lymphocytes of a puumala hantavirus (puuv) immune individual, was selected against puuv using the phage display technique. panning was carried out with antigens immobilized by mabs directed to the two puuv envelope glycoproteins g1 and g2. thirteen fabs, with reactivity directed to puuv and specifically the g2 protein, as assessed by immunofluorescence and elisa respectively, were isolated in crude preparations. by a focu ...	2000	10686029
complement activation in nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. there is considerable variability in the clinical severity of ne. its pathogenesis is largely unknown and data on complement activation in ne are scant. we sought here to establish how the complement system behaves during ne and whether the variation in the clinical outcome is related to the activation of complement.	2000	10879661
hantaviruses.	since the recognition of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the usa in 1993, interest in hantavirus diseases has intensified worldwide. it is clear that hantaviruses have been historically responsible for a variety of human illnesses. hantaviruses form a separate genus within the bunyaviridae family. there are currently >20 recognised sero/genotypes and many others are under investigation. each hantavirus type appears to be specific to a different rodent host. virus phylogeny very closel ...	2000	10882083
humoral immune responses in the hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.	the immunologic responses that mediate viral clearance of and recovery from hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) due to sin nombre (sn) virus are unknown. serial serum samples from 26 patients with acute sn virus infection were tested for igg, iga, and igm reactivity to recombinant viral nucleocapsid (n) and glycoprotein g1 antigens by a novel strip immunoblot assay. the titers of antibodies capable of neutralizing sn virus in vitro also were determined for each sample. at admission, patie ...	2000	10882580
detection of hantaviral antibodies among patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in japan.	hantaviral antibodies were detected in the sera from patients with hepatic disease of unknown etiology in japan by several different serological diagnostic methods. a total of 105 sera from diseased patients which were negative to a-g hepatitis virus infections in the tokyo area were tested. among them, 3 out of 73 sera from patients with chronic hepatic disease were positive to hantaviral antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (ifa) and ...	2000	10888353
tracing dobrava hantavirus infection.		2000	10837207
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada, 1989-1999.		2000	10851764
genetic analysis of wild-type dobrava hantavirus in slovenia: co-existence of two distinct genetic lineages within the same natural focus.	genetic analysis was performed of wild-type (wt) dobrava hantavirus (dob) strains from slovenia, the country where the virus was first discovered and where it was found to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), with a fatality rate of 12%. two hundred and sixty mice of the genus apodemus:, trapped in five natural foci of dob-associated hfrs during 1990-1996, were screened for the presence of anti-hantavirus antibodies and 49 apodemus: flavicollis and four apodemus: agrarius were fo ...	2000	10859380
transmission of black creek canal virus between cotton rats.	black creek canal (bcc) virus is a hantavirus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in southeastern north america. the virus was isolated from the spleen of a cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) trapped in southern florida. our previous studies have shown that we could consistently infect male cotton rats with bcc virus in the laboratory. these animals became persistently infected and virus could be detected in salivary glands, urine, and feces. in this report we show: (1) female and male cot ...	2000	10568766
dna vaccination of mice with a plasmid encoding puumala hantavirus nucleocapsid protein mimics the b-cell response induced by virus infection.	inoculation of naked dna has been applied for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against different viral infections. to study the humoral immune response induced by dna vaccination we cloned the entire nucleocapsid protein-encoding sequence of the puumala hantavirus strain vranica/hällnäs into the cmv promoter-driven expression unit of the plasmid pcdna3, generating pcdna3-vr1. a single dose injection of 50 microg of plasmid dna into each m. tibialis anterior of balb/c mice ...	2001	11035190
unexplained deaths and critical illnesses project (unex).		2001	11474630
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--vermont, 2000.	in 1993, an outbreak of an unexplained pulmonary illness occurred in the southwestern united states. this outbreak led to the first description of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), a rodentborne hantaviral infection. hantaviruses have been found in rodents in rural areas throughout the united states, but most infection has occurred in the southwest. this report describes the first hps case in vermont and underscores the importance of preventing exposure to peridomestic rodents and recognizing ...	2001	11476530
infection with sin nombre hantavirus: clinical presentation and outcome in children and adolescents.	sin nombre hantavirus (snv) is the leading causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in the united states and canada. relatively few cases of hcps have involved children. this report describes the clinical characteristics of a series of pediatric cases of snv infection in the united states and canada from 1993 through march 2000.	2001	11483837
genetic identification and characterization of limestone canyon virus, a unique peromyscus-borne hantavirus.	hantaviruses, family bunyaviridae, are rodent-borne rna viruses that can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in various regions of the americas. a coevolutionary relationship exists between hantaviruses and their specific rodent reservoir hosts; the phylogeny of the viruses generally matches that of the rodents. there are several peromyscus-borne hantaviruses, including sin nombre virus, the most common cause of hps in north america. this report describes the genetic detection and characte ...	2001	11485402
highly sensitive taqman pcr detection of puumala hantavirus.	an increasing number of clinical cases of hantavirus infections have been reported from various regions in asia, europe and north america. hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus) are enveloped and possess a single-stranded trisegmented rna genome of negative polarity. rodents or insectivores are natural hosts of hantaviruses and transmit the virus to humans chiefly by aerosolisation. these viruses are the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal and pulmonary syndromes. in ...	2001	11489422
[pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever].		2001	11496775
[hantavirus-related hemorrhagic fever in europe].		2001	11496776
do unusual site-specific population dynamics of rodent reservoirs provide clues to the natural history of hantaviruses?	between january 1995 and november 1997, longitudinal mark-recapture studies of rodent hosts of hantaviruses in a disturbed microhabitat within a shortgrass prairie ecosystem in southeastern colorado (usa) were conducted. the site was distinguished by edaphic and floristic characteristics unique to this area and associated with historical land use patterns, as well as the year-around availability of water from a functioning windmill. populations of two common rodent species that are hosts for han ...	2001	11310878
serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in sigmodontine rodents in mexico.	antibodies to hantaviruses in two species of sigmodontine rodents (peromyscus maniculatus and reithrodontomys sumichrasti) collected in central mexico are reported. peromyscus maniculatus, a common species throughout much of mexico, is the reservoir of sin nombre virus (snv), the etiologic agent of the great majority of cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in north america. although the identity of the virus detected in p. maniculatus in mexico could not be determined by these serologic ...	2001	11310896
genetic and serotypic characterization of sin nombre-like viruses in canadian peromyscus maniculatus mice.	in canada, hantavirus infected deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) have been collected from british columbia to newfoundland. partial sequencing of g1 and n protein encoding regions from canadian peromyscus maniculatus-borne hantaviruses demonstrated the existence of significant genotypic divergence among strains. phylogenetic analysis showed that sin nombre (sn)-like viruses from eastern and western canadian deer mice can be divided into at least two broad-based genogroups. sequencing of mitocho ...	2001	11311430
hantavirus infections: clinical presentation in the emergency room.	we present a retrospective review of hantavirus infection in the emergency department. thirteen cases of hantavirus infections with renal syndrome from july 1989 to august 1999 were analysed. the diagnosis was confirmed by detection of hantavirus antibodies in all cases. fever, chills and headaches were universally present. intense back pain was associated in 77% of the patients. thrombocytopenia, abnormal urinalysis, hypertransaminasaemia, increased lactate dehydrogenase were the principal biol ...	2001	11314815
molecular cloning and high-level expression of g2 protein of hantaan (htn) virus 76-118 strain in the yeast pichia pastoris km71.	hantaan viral g2 envelope gene, which is known to be one of major antigens and induce neutralizing antibodies, was cloned into expression vector phil-s1 which consists of aox1 promoter, pho1 signal sequence, his4 gene and other components. the recombined plasmid was transformed into methylotropic yeast, pichia pastoris of km71 and recombinant strains harboring multi-copy of g2 gene were selected. expression of the cloned g2 gene was confirmed with western blot analysis using anti-sera of guinea ...	2001	11324753
[hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome: epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and treatment].	the hantavirus pulmonary and cardiovascular syndrome (hpcvs) is an emerging disease in brazil. in this study, eight confirmed cases of hpcvs were studied. all the patients presented fever and dyspnea as well as thrombocytopenia and hypoxemia. tachycardia, malaise, hypotension and lung rales occurred in 75 to 87.5% of the cases. hemoconcentration, blood cell count increased and immature neutrophils, and high levels of creatinine were observed in 75 to 87.5%. intravenous liquid infusion, the use o ...	2001	11340492
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein is expressed as a membrane-associated protein in the perinuclear region.	black creek canal virus (bccv) is a new world hantavirus which is associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. we have examined the site of expression of the bccv nucleocapsid protein (nbccv) in the absence of bccv glycoproteins and found that the majority of the protein is localized to the golgi region. immunofluorescence analysis of bhk21 cells expressing the nbccv and la crosse virus nucleocapsid protein (nlacv) showed different intracellular localization patterns of these proteins within t ...	2001	11160679
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein oligomerization.	hantaviruses are enveloped, negative-strand rna viruses which can be lethal to humans, causing either a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or a hantaviral pulmonary syndrome. the viral genomes consist of three rna segments: the l segment encodes the viral polymerase, the m segment encodes the viral surface glycoproteins g1 and g2, and the s segment encodes the nucleocapsid (n) protein. the n protein is a 420- to 430-residue, 50-kda protein which appears to direct hantavirus assembly, although ...	2001	11160704
dobrava hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in central europe and is carried by two different apodemus mice species.	in central europe, hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans are caused by the hantavirus species puumala (transmitted by voles) and a second, hantaan-related species (transmitted by mice). the second virus could be identified as dobrava virus. to date, 19 clinical cases of dobrava infection have been found in germany and slovakia. all patients exhibited a mild/moderate clinical course and no case fatality occurred. screening for infected rodents revealed that the striped field mou ...	2001	11170053
risks and prevention of nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases.	americans are increasingly exposed to exotic zoonotic diseases through travel, contact with exotic pets, occupational exposure, and leisure pursuits. appropriate isolation precautions are required to prevent nosocomial transmission of rare zoonotic diseases for which person-to-person transmission has been documented. this minireview provides guidelines for the isolation of patients and management of staff exposed to the following infectious diseases with documented person-to-person transmission: ...	2001	11170953
climate variability and change in the united states: potential impacts on vector- and rodent-borne diseases.	diseases such as plague, typhus, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever, transmitted between humans by blood-feeding arthropods, were once common in the united states. many of these diseases are no longer present, mainly because of changes in land use, agricultural methods, residential patterns, human behavior, and vector control. however, diseases that may be transmitted to humans from wild birds or mammals (zoonoses) continue to circulate in nature in many parts of the country. most vector-bo ...	2001	11359689
[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in buenos aires province].	in argentina the first hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) cases were characterized in 1995. since then, argentina is the country with the highest number of notified cases in south america. the disease is distributed in northern, southern and central regions of the country, being buenos aires the most affected province from the central region. in this study, we present seasonal and geographical distribution of hps cases in buenos aires province, the association with diverse viral lineages and th ...	2001	11374136
new immunochromatographic rapid test for diagnosis of acute puumala virus infection.	a new immunochromatographic rapid test, poc puumala (erilab ltd., kuopio, finland), for detection of acute-phase puumala virus (puuv) infection was developed based on a highly purified baculovirus-expressed puuv nucleocapsid protein antigen and lateral immunodiffusion techniques. after addition of sample (5 microl of serum, plasma, or fingertip blood) and buffer, puuv-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies, if present, together with the gold-conjugated anti-human igm, formed a specific color ...	2001	11376049
isolation of dobrava virus from apodemus flavicollis in greece.	dobrava virus (dobv) carried by apodemus flavicollis is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). dobv was isolated from an a. flavicollis mouse trapped in northeastern greece. this is the third dobv cell culture isolate in the world, clustering together with other greek dobv sequences from hfrs patients and rodents.	2001	11376073
physicians' database searches as a tool for early detection of epidemics.	we analyzed retrospectively the use of physician desk reference database searches to identify epidemics of tularemia, nephropathy, pogosta disease, and lyme disease and compared the searches with mandatory laboratory reports to the national infectious diseases register in finland during 1995. continuous recording of such searches may be a tool for early detection of epidemics.	2001	11384534
high prevalence of sin nombre virus in rodent populations, central utah: a consequence of human disturbance?		2001	11384538
hantavirus seroconversion of wild-caught peromyscus during quarantine.		2001	11384539
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states.	since the first outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in 1993, understanding of the vast distribution and potential impact of hantaviruses has grown. at least 277 cases of hps have been documented in the united states. the full clinical spectrum has yet to be elucidated, and one outbreak suggested the possibility of person-to-person transmission. new research has identified the b-3 integrins as cellular receptors for hantaviruses and has determined the pivotal role of the immune system ...	2001	11384556
hantavirus infection induces the expression of rantes and ip-10 without causing increased permeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells.	sin nombre virus (snv) and hantaan virus (htn) infect endothelial cells and are associated with different patterns of increased vascular permeability during human disease. it is thought that such patterns of increased vascular permeability are a consequence of endothelial activation and subsequent dysfunction mediated by differential immune responses to hantavirus infection. in this study, the ability of hantavirus to directly induce activation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (hmve ...	2001	11390609
clinical characterization of dobrava hantavirus infections in germany.	there is increasing evidence that dobrava (dobv) but not hantaan (htnv) hantavirus is a hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) causing agent in central europe. however, only single clinical cases of hfrs due to acute dobv infection have been described so far. we report on three male patients from a non-endemic hantavirus focus in northern germany who suffered from mild to moderate hfrs strongly resembling nephropathia epidemica. serotyping by detection of hantavirus species-specific neutra ...	2001	11393382
molecular epidemiology of viral pathogens and tracing of transmission routes: hepatitis-, calici- and hantaviruses.	background: the need to rapidly identify new therapeutic drugs and vaccines for clinically important viral infections has resulted in intensive study of the molecular properties of viruses. modern molecular techniques have provided tools for tracing infections and studying the evolution of viruses. objective study and design: two examples illustrating how modern molecular techniques can be used in clinical virology and molecular epidemiology (hepatitis and caliciviruses), and one example documen ...	2001	11397654
health assessment of u.s. military personnel deployed to bosnia-herzegovina for operation joint endeavor.	in anticipation of u.s. forces deploying to bosnia-herzegovina, plans were established to conduct medical surveillance of all military service members. this surveillance would provide the department of defense with an overview of the hospitalization and outpatient morbidity experience of u.s. forces. standardized collection of medical data from all u.s. camps using 14 diagnostic categories based on international classification of diseases, 9th revision, codes began in march 1996. special assessm ...	2001	11413721
predominant kidney involvement in a fatal case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by sin nombre virus.	a 27-year-old woman presented to a hospital with symptoms resembling pyelonephritis; respiratory distress did not develop until nearly a day after admission and she subsequently died. the unexplained deaths and critical illnesses project of the centers for disease control and prevention confirmed sin nombre virus infection by the results of serological testing and sequencing of the viral genome; staining of sin nombre virus antigen in the pulmonary capillaries was relatively weak.	2001	11418889
[regional differences and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome].	factors related to the characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina are described. factors from different scientific fields converge to form the syndrome's analytical framework. some of these factors are the history of spatial occupation, work and production structures, human migration patterns, ethnic composition, reservoir dynamics and its relationship to the different circulating viruses, and human behavior. furthermore, the multiple factors are expressed in three ecological ...	2001	11426265
modifying the cellular transport of dna-based vaccines alters the immune response to hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.	puumala virus is a member of the hantavirus genus (family bunyaviridae) and is one of the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe. a genetic vaccination approach was conducted to investigate if the immune response could be modulated using different cellular secretion and/or localisation signals, and the immune responses were analysed in balb/c mice and in a bank vole infectious model. rodents vaccinated with dna constructs encoding the antigen fused to an amino ...	2001	11427253
truncated hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins for serotyping hantaan, seoul, and dobrava hantavirus infections.	truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (rnps) of hantaan virus (htnv), seoul virus (seov), and dobrava virus (dobv) were expressed by a baculovirus system. the truncated rnps, which lacked 49 (rnp50) or 154 (rnp155) n-terminal amino acids of the nps of htnv, seov, and dobv, were able to differentiate htnv-, seov-, and dobv-specific immune sera. recombinant np50s retained higher reactivities than rnp155s and were proven useful for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisas based o ...	2001	11427545
polymorphism of the cytokine genes in hospitalized patients with puumala hantavirus infection.	nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a mild type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala (puu) hantavirus. the clinical course of ne varies from asymptomatic to fatal. the aim of this study was to establish whether polymorphisms in the cytokine genes are associated with susceptibility to and outcome of ne.	2001	11427627
[the worldwide challenges of "new" or reemerging communicable diseases at the dawn of the 21st century].	in spite of the very significant advances made during the 20 th century in the prevention and the treatment of communicable diseases, infections are still today, even in developed countries, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. new infectious diseases have emerged (aids, legionellosis, exterotoxigenic e. coli, ebola fever), others have significantly reemerged (tuberculosis, diphtheria, bartonella infections) or have seen their geographic distribution widen considerably (dengue, hantavirus, ...	2001	11427818
[complete genome sequence analysis of the hantavirus z10 strain].	study on the complete genome sequence of hantavirus z10 strain which has been applied for inactivated vaccine production in china, to assess its molecular characteristics and the diversity with other hantaviruses.	2001	11436636
antibody to sin nombre virus in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central montana.	most human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are acquired in the peridomestic environment, yet studies of the ecology and infection dynamics in the reservoir host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus), have focused on sylvan populations. we describe a 2.5-year study of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with peridomestic habitats in west central montana. antibodies reactive with sin nombre virus (snv) were found in five species. overall snv antibody prevalence was highest among d ...	2001	11442208
incidence of hantavirus infections in belgium.	over the last two decades, and from the moment that serological detection was possible, human hantavirus infections have been documented in most european countries. this paper summarises the available data on hantavirus cases in belgium. these data enable the demonstration of the existence of a 3-year epidemic cycle in belgium, which is apparently linked to rodent population dynamics.	2001	11451489
interaction between molecules of hantavirus nucleocapsid protein.	intermolecular interactions of tula hantavirus n (nucleocapsid) protein were detected in the yeast two-hybrid system, prompting further attempts to study this phenomenon. using chemical cross-linking and immunoblotting it was shown that the n protein from purified virus and from infected cell lysates as well as recombinant protein produced in a baculovirus expression system are capable of forming dimers, trimers and multimers, thus confirming the capacity of the protein molecules to interact wit ...	2001	11457990
characterization of in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin and ribavirin upon hantavirus.	mechanisms of anti-hantaviral activities of bovine lactoferrin (lf) and ribavirin (rbv) were investigated. hantavirus focus formation at 48 hr was 15% of the control in cells treated with 400 microg/ml lf for 1 hr at 37 degrees c prior to viral infection. post infection treatment with 100 microg/ml rbv also inhibited the focus formation to 2.5% of the control. combined lf pre- and rbv post-infection treatment completely inhibited focus formation. viral glycoprotein (g2) and nucleocapsid protein ...	2001	11459009
mystery siliguri fever solved?		2001	11467154
[the worldwide challenges of "new" or reemerging communicable diseases at the dawn of the 21st century].	in the first part of this review, aids, prion diseases, hantavirus and arbovirus infections, ebola hemorrhagic fever, legionellosis, hepatitis c, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli infections, lyme disease, tuberculosis have provided alarming examples of emerging or reemerging infectious diseases. in this second part, the stress is placed on the reemergence of diphtheria and of serious streptococcal infections, on bartonelloses, chlamydia infections, fungal infections, while malaria and cholera ar ...	2001	11468579
geographical distribution of rodent-associated hantaviruses in texas.	the purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge of the geographic distribution and natural host range of hantaviruses in texas, southeastern new mexico, and mexico. blood samples from 3,225 wild rodents, representing 34 species, were tested for hantavirus antibody (igg), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. hantavirus antibody was found in one or more rodents from each of 13 counties in texas, otero county in southeastern new mexico, and mexico state (central mexico). the 133 anti ...	2001	11469186
genetic characterization of puumala hantavirus strains from belgium: evidence for a distinct phylogenetic lineage.	puumala hantavirus (puuv) sequences were recovered from red bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) trapped between 1996 and 1998 in four localities of southern belgium: thuin, montbliart, momignies and couvin. in addition, three puuv isolates originating from bank voles trapped in the 1980s in southern (montbliart) and northern (turnhout) belgium were genetically characterized. analysis of the complete s and partial m segment sequences showed that the belgian puuv strains constitute a genetic line ...	2001	11226569
prevalence of antibodies to sin nombre virus in humans living in rural areas of southern new mexico and western texas.		2001	11226584
[analysis of the primary structure of hantavirus rna, detected in organs of patients that died from hfks in the republic of bashkortostan].	fragments of the minor s and middle m segments of hantavirus genome rna were isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from the organs of patients who died from hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs) during an epidemic outbreak of this infection in the bashkortostan republic in 1997-1998. the sizes of the resultant pcr fragments were 317 p. n. for s segment and 416 p. n. for m segment. their primary structures (genbank registration numbers aj133581 and aj1335 ...	2001	11236741
exotic diseases. are they spreading to a town near you?		2001	11242844